10a powerpoint ® lecture outlines prepared by dr. lana zinger, qcc cuny copyright © 2011 pearson...
TRANSCRIPT
10aPowerPoint® Lecture Outlines prepared by Dr. Lana Zinger, QCCCUNY
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
FOCUS ONYour Body Image
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What Is Body Image?
The National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA) defines components of body image:
• How you picture yourself in your mind
• What you believe about your own appearance
• How you feel about your body, including your height, shape, and weight
• How you sense and control your body as you move
• How you feel in your body, not just about your body
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What Is Body Image?
Negative Body Image
• A distorted perception of your shape, or feelings of discomfort, shame, or anxiety about your body
Positive Body Image
• A true perception of your appearance: You see yourself as you really are and you like yourself
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What Is Body Image?
Many Factors Influence Body Image
• The Media and Popular Culture
• Underweight models and celebrities send the message that being thin is best
• Striving to achieve these thin standards often makes people ill
• A study of more than 4,000 television commercials revealed that more than one out of every four sends some sort of “attractiveness message”
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Is the Media’s Mania for Burly Men and Scrawny Women a New Phenomenon?
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What Is Body Image?
• Family, Community, and Cultural Groups
• Parents are especially influential in body image development
• Interactions with siblings and other relatives, peers, teachers, coworkers, and other community members can also influence body image development
• Associations within one’s cultural group appear to influence body image
• Studies have found that European American females experience the highest rates of body dissatisfaction
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What Is Body Image?
• Physiological and Psychological Factors
• Differences in the brain’s ability to regulate chemicals called neurotransmitters are seen in people with eating disorders.
• One study linked distortions in body image to a malfunctioning in the brain’s visual processing region that was revealed by MRI scanning.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Body Image Continuum
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What Is Body Image?
How Can I Build a More Positive Body Image?
• Bust these toxic myths pervasive in our society
Myth 1: How you look is more important than who you are
Myth 2: Anyone can be slender and attractive if they work at it
Myth 3: Dieting is an effective weight-loss strategy
Myth 4: Appearance is more important than health
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What Is Body Image?
Ten Steps to a Positive Body Image1. Appreciate all that your body can do
2. Keep a top-ten list of things you like about yourself
3. True beauty is not simply skin deep
4. Look at yourself as a whole person
5. Surround yourself with positive people
6. Shut down negative voices in your head
7. Wear comfortable clothes
8. Become a critical viewer of social and media messages
9. Do something nice for yourself
10. Do something to help others instead of worrying about food, calories, and your weight
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What Is Body Image?
Some People Develop Body Image Disorders
• Social physique anxiety (SPA)
• The desire to “look good” is so strong that it has a destructive and sometimes disabling effect on the person’s ability to function effectively in relationships and interactions with others.
• Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)
• A psychological disorder characterized by an obsession with a minor or imagined flaw in appearance.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What Are Eating Disorders?
• Disordered eating—a pattern of atypical behaviors used to achieve or maintain a lower body weight.
• Chronic dieting, abuse of diet pills and laxatives, and self-induced vomiting
• Not a clinical diagnosis
• Eating disorder—A psychiatric disorder characterized by severe disturbances in body image and eating behaviors.
• Can only be diagnosed by a physician
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Eating Issues Continuum
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What Are Eating Disorders?
Who’s at Risk?
• In the U.S, about 24 million people of all ages meet the established criteria
• Most common among those in their teens and twenties, although children as young as 6 have been diagnosed.
• In 2007, 3.8 percent of college students reported that they were dealing with either anorexia or bulimia.
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and anxiety all play a role
• Common among athletes
• Male sufferers are increasing, who currently represent up to 25 percent of anorexia and bulimia patients and almost 40 percent of binge eaters.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What Are Eating Disorders?
Anorexia Nervosa Involves Severe Food Restriction
• Self-starvation
• Intense fear of fat
• Causes are complex and variable
• Nearly 1 percent of adolescent girls meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa
• Highest death rate (20 percent) of any psychological illness
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What Anorexia Nervosa Can Do to the Body
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What Are Eating Disorders?
Bulimia Nervosa Involves Bingeing and Purging
• Binge and then take inappropriate measures to lose calories (purge)
• Up to 3 percent of adolescent and young females are bulimic
• Often at normal weight or overweight
• Caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What Bulimia Nervosa Can Do to the Body
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What Are Eating Disorders?
Some Eating Disorders Are Not Easily Classified
• Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS)
• Patients with EDNOS are the highest treatment seeking population
• Represents 40 to 75 percent of individuals with eating disorders
• Binge-Eating Disorder
• Often clinically obese
• Characterized by eating large amounts of food rapidly and feeling guilty or depressed after overeating
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What Are Eating Disorders?
Eating Disorders Can Be Treated
• Goal is to stabilize the patient’s life
• Long-term therapy
• Multidimensional approach
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What Are Eating Disorders?
How Can You Help Someone You Suspect Has an Eating Disorder?
• Learn as much as possible about eating disorders
• Set up a time to meet and share your concerns
• Provide examples of why you think there might be a problem
• Avoid conflicts or a battle of wills with this person
• Never nag, plead, beg, bribe, threaten, or manipulate
• Don’t talk about how thin the person is or focus on weight, diets, or exercise
• Offer to go along to counseling
• Use “I” statements
• Stay calm and realize your own limitations
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What Are Exercise Disorders?
Exercise Can Become a Compulsion
• Characterized not by a desire to exercise but a compulsion to do so
• A person may struggle with guilt and anxiety if they don’t work out
• Injuries to joints, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, broken bones, and stress on the heart
• Often plagued by anxiety and/or depression
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What Are Exercise Disorders?
Muscle Dysmorphia Is a Body Image and Exercise Disorder
• When a man believes that one’s body is insufficiently lean or muscular
• Behaviors include comparing oneself unfavorably to others, frequently checking one’s appearance in the mirror, and camouflaging one’s appearance
• Individuals suffering from muscle dysmorphia have a higher rate of substance abuse (including steroid abuse), and higher risk of suicide than those without the disorder
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
What Are Exercise Disorders?
The Female Athlete Triad Involves Three Interrelated Disorders• Low energy intake,
typically promptedby disordered eatingbehaviors
• Menstrual dysfunction such as amenorrhea
• Poor bone density