PROCESS OF PLANNING &DESIGN OF NEW TOWNS

Presented By:Gopal Das Menghwar

13CRP07Subject: Planning of New Towns

PROCESS OF PLANNINGThe main step in planning processes are

as follow:-Step 1- DEFINE THE TASK-Step 2- IDENTIFY RESOURCES- Step 3- CONSIDER ALTERNATIVE-step 4- CREATE THE PLANNING-Step 5- WORK THE PLAN-Step 6- EVALUATE-

Importance of planning Focuses attention on objectives and

result Reduces uncertainty and risk Provides sense of direction Encourages innovation and creativity Helps in co-ordination Guides decision-making Provide efficiency in operation

Limitation of planning Lack of accurate information Time and cost Resistance to change Lock of ability to plans False sense of security Environmental constraints

Types of planning

Corporate planning

Divisional or functional planning

Group planning

Group or sectional planning

Group or sectional planning refers to planning for specific groups or section within a department or division .

group or sectional planning are formulated mainly at the opreting level of management . They have to approved by higher authorities.

Departmental or Divisional Planning

Such planning includes the plans formulated for various departments or division of an enterprise.it determines the scope and activities of a particular department.

Departmental or divisional plans are formulated at the middle level of management and approved by the top management.

Corporate PlanningPlanning for the company as a whole is

known as corporate planning. It lays down objectives, strategies, and policies for the entire orgainisation.

corprate planinng is done at the top level of management.

DESIGN OF NEW TOWNS The concept of planning new town

development introduced in early 19th century that had been divided into four types of concept which are Garden City Concept, Neighborhood Unit, parallel Town & Urban Land Use Model.

GARDEN CITY CONCEPT

Found by Ebenezer Howard on 1902 with his book, Garden Cities of Tomorrow.

The main objectives of Garden City concept is to overcome problems of congestion and increase in population.

BASIC PRINCIPLES : Appearance - have one town and six Garden cities

around that. Circulation – circulation system for highway applied

circle form. Size of the population :– maximum size of population in Garden City is 32000

people, suitable for an area for 6000 acres. - when the population increased from 32000 it will form

other new Garden. Population density – for housing area, the population

density is about 20 unit for every acre. Future Town Development – concentric form which is

the focus centre is located on the middle.

NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT

Found by Clarence Perry ( A Scheme Of Arrangement For The Family Life Community)

Main objective is to repair social condition and town physical.

Ideas from others Neighborhood unit : o Clarence Stein Neighborhood Concepto Jose Sert Neighborhood Concepto Frank Lloyd Wrights neighborhood Concept

BASIC PRINCIPLES : size : 5000 population ( 1 school), 160 acre (area for one unit

neighborhood). Border : the function of main road around neighborhood unit is as a

border . Free area : 10% provide as free area. Public facilities and institution : provide in the middle of

neighborhood unit. Shops: to fulfill market purpose. the location is on the corner of four

junction. Road network system: design as to prevent short road ( prevent

from across neighborhood unit). Hierarchy of road width is 132 feet, 100 ft, 66ft, 50 ft, and 40 ft.

Density: rough density for this system is about 5 unit house for every acre.

PARALLEL CITY Concept

found by Cuidad Lineal in Madrid. Main objectives is to focus on town

development with main road and other road system.

BASIC PRINCIPLES : size : 5000 people are suggested. Main transport system as an axis : development

focus on main road. Road network system : connection area have width

about 500 meter . for the main road, rezab for road is 40 meter while 20 meter for small road rezab. Rezab used to piping connection.

residential housing : situated on the left side and right side of main transportation system. Limited only to 200 meter each side, followed by green area after that.

URBAN LAND USE MODEL Proposed by a few of intelligent person in 19th century.

Central Zone Model :: An early idea from Ernest Burges. : An approach that had been used is ‘sociology’ (development and social planning): suggestion of 5 loop for land use (lukis gambar rajah)ZONE 1 : centre of district business . . truth central zone..

-support all economic activities, social and politics... central city area surrounded area..

-business activities has been carried out and if the area located near to the beach, it will turn into port. (lukis gambar rajah)

ZONE 2 : transition zone-known as characteristics changing land zone.

  ZONE 3 : occupational residential zone

-contained residential for factory staff, labour, and others. usually the residents are former residents from zone 2.

  ZONE 4: moderate residential area

-zone to place professional officer and middle group. the condition in this area more neat than previous zone.

  zone 5 : high class residential area

-the most outer zone and located in the edge of town.

SECTOR MODEL : found by Homer Hoyt

ZONE 1 : city centre of business district(lukis gambar)

ZONE 2 : industrial -there is no residential area. activity carry out are trading and industrial. 

ZONE 3 : lower class residential-land used for lower class group.  

ZONE 4 : middle class residential-residential for middle class and more comfortable. 

ZONE 5 : high class residential-this type of group need more privacy and consist of high class people.

THANKS FOR CONCENTRATION.