1 2 3 4

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Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called

1. autotrophs.

2. heterotrophs.

3. thylakoids.

4. pigments.

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Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from the foods they

eat are called1. autotrophs.

2. heterotrophs.

3. thylakoids.

4. plants.

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Which of the following is an autotroph?

1. mushroom

2. impala

3. leopard

4. tree

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Which of the following is NOT an example of a heterotroph?

1. mushroom

2. leopard

3. grass

4. human

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What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?

1. adenine, thylakoids, stroma

2. stroma, grana, chlorophyll

3. adenine, ribose, phosphate groups

4. NADH, NADPH, and FADH2

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Which of the following is NOT a part of an ATP molecule?

1. adenine

2. ribose

3. chlorophyll

4. phosphate

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Energy is released from ATP when

1. a phosphate group is added.

2. adenine bonds to ribose.

3. ATP is exposed to sunlight.

4. a phosphate group is removed.

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Which of the following is NOT a true statement about ATP?

1. ATP consists of ribose, adenine, and phosphate.

2. ADP forms when ATP releases energy.

3. ATP provides energy for the mechanical functions of cells.

4. Used ATP is discarded by the cell as waste.

Figure 8–1

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Look at Figure 8–1. All of the following are parts of an ADP molecule EXCEPT

1. structure A.

2. structure B.

3. structure C.

4. structure D.

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Which structures shown in Figure 8–1 make up an ATP molecule?

1. A and B

2. A, B, and C

3. A, B, C, and D

4. C and D

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In Figure 8–1, between which parts of the molecule must the bonds be broken to form

an ADP molecule?1. A and B

2. B and C

3. C and D

4. all of the above

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Jan van Helmont concluded that plants gain most of their mass from

1. water.

2. the soil.

3. carbon dioxide in the air.

4. oxygen in the air.

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Which scientists showed that plants need light to grow?

1. van Helmont and Calvin

2. Priestley and Ingenhousz

3. van Helmont and Priestley

4. Priestley and Calvin

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Ingenhousz showed that plants produce oxygen bubbles when exposed to

1. ATP.

2. carbon dioxide.

3. light.

4. a burning candle.

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Suppose Priestley repeated his experiment using many kinds of plants besides mint, and that when different plants were placed under the jar the candle remained lighted for

different periods of time. What would be a logical conclusion from these experiments?

1. Different plants require different amounts of water.

2. Different plants release different amounts of carbon dioxide.

3. Different plants require different amounts of light.

4. Different plants release different amounts of oxygen.

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A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a temperature of 27°C. The gas being collected is probably

1. oxygen.

2. carbon dioxide.

3. ATP.

4. vaporized water.

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Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into

1. oxygen.

2. high-energy sugars and starches.

3. ATP and oxygen.

4. oxygen and high-energy sugars and starches.

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Which of the following is(are) used in the overall reactions for photosynthesis?

1. carbon dioxide

2. water

3. light

4. all of the above

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In the overall equation for photosynthesis, six molecules of carbon dioxide result in six

molecules of1. glucose.

2. water.

3. oxygen.

4. ATP.

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Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules called

1. pigments.

2. thylakoids.

3. chloroplasts.

4. glucose.

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Plants take in the sun’s energy by absorbing

1. high-energy sugars.

2. chlorophyll a.

3. chlorophyll b.

4. sunlight.

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Most plants appear green because chlorophyll

1. does not absorb green light.

2. reflects violet light.

3. absorbs green light.

4. none of the above

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Which region of the visible spectrum is not absorbed well by chlorophyll?

1. blue

2. violet

3. green

4. red

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A granum is a

1. stack of chloroplasts.

2. stack of thylakoids.

3. membrane enclosing a thylakoid.

4. photosynthetic pigment molecule.

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The stroma is the region outside the

1. thylakoids.

2. chloroplasts.

3. plant cells.

4. all of the above

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Where in the chloroplast is chlorophyll found?

1. in the stroma

2. in the thylakoid

3. in the ATP

4. in the glucose

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Which of the following is false?

1. A chloroplast contains stroma.

2. A stroma contains a thylakoid.

3. A granum contains several thylakoids.

4. A thylakoid contains chlorophyll.

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Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?

1. in the stroma

2. in the mitochondria

3. within the thylakoid membranes

4. only in chlorophyll molecules

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What are the products of the light-dependent reactions?

1. oxygen gas

2. ATP

3. NADPH

4. all of the above

1 2 3 4

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Which step is the beginning of photosynthesis?

1. Pigments in photosystem I absorb light.

2. Pigments in photosystem II absorb light.

3. High-energy electrons move through the electron transport chain.

4. ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the thylakoid membrane.

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Which of the following is NOT a step in the light-dependent reactions?

1. High-energy electrons move through the electron transport chain.

2. Pigments in photosystem II absorb light.

3. ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the thylakoid membrane.

4. ATP and NADPH are used to produce high-energy sugars.

1 2 3 4

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1 2 3 4 5

Which of the following is inside the thylakoid membrane?

1. electron transport chain

2. photosystem I

3. ATP synthase

4. all of the above

1 2 3 4

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Why does the inside of the thylakoid membrane become positively charged during the light-dependent reactions?

1. H+ ions are released as water splits.

2. ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the membrane.

3. ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP.

4. Carbon dioxide builds up in the stroma.

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Which pathway represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?

1. H2 O Photosystem I Photosystem II

2. O2 ADP Calvin cycle

3. Photosystem I Calvin cycle NADPH

4. H2 O NADPH Calvin cycle

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Where are photosystems I and II found?

1. in the stroma

2. in the thylakoid membrane

3. in the Calvin cycle

4. all of the above

1 2 3 4

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The Calvin cycle is another name for

1. light-independent reactions.

2. light-dependent reactions.

3. photosynthesis.

4. all of the above

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The Calvin cycle takes place in the

1. stroma.

2. photosystems.

3. thylakoid membranes.

4. chlorophyll molecules.

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What is a product of the Calvin cycle?

1. oxygen gas

2. ATP

3. high-energy sugars

4. carbon dioxide gas

1 2 3 4

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How does the Calvin cycle differ from the light-dependent reactions?

1. It takes place in the stroma.

2. It takes place in chloroplasts.

3. It requires light.

4. It takes place in the thylakoid.

1 2 3 4

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If carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to the

plant’s production of high-energy sugars?

1. More sugars will be produced.

2. No sugars will be produced.

3. The same number of sugars will be produced but without carbon dioxide.

4. Carbon dioxide does not affect the production of high-energy sugars in plants.

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1 2 3 4 5

Which of the following affects the rate of photosynthesis?

1. water

2. temperature

3. light intensity

4. all of the above

1 2 3 4

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If you continue to increase the intensity of light that a plant receives, what happens?

1. The rate of photosynthesis increases with light intensity.

2. The rate of photosynthesis decreases with light intensity.

3. The rate of photosynthesis increases and then levels off.

4. The rate of photosynthesis does not change.

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1 2 3 4 5

What would you expect to happen to plants at temperatures greater than 45°C?

1. They will have a very high rate of photosynthesis.

2. They will have a less than optimal rate of photosynthesis.

3. They will have a high rate of photosynthesis if light intensity is also great.

4. They will have an optimal rate of photosynthesis if water is available.

Figure 8–2

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Which of the graphs in Figure 8–2 represents the effect of temperature on the

rate of photosynthesis?1. A

2. B

3. C

4. D

1 2 3 4

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1 2 3 4 5

Which of the graphs in Figure 8–2 represents the effect of light intensity on the

rate of photosynthesis?1. A

2. B

3. C

4. D

1 2

50%50%

1 2 3 4 5

The energy in most food comes originally from sunlight.

_________________________1. True

2. False

1 2

50%50%

1 2 3 4 5

Heterotrophs require oxygen. _________________________

1. True

2. False

1 2

50%50%

1 2 3 4 5

ADP is one of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store energy. _________________________

1. True

2. False

Figure 8–1

1 2

50%50%

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The substance represented in Figure 8–1 is called ATP. _________________________

1. True

2. False

1 2

50%50%

1 2 3 4 5

If a plant and a burning candle are placed under a bell jar, the candle will burn because the plant gives off carbon

dioxide. _________________________

1. True

2. False

1 2

50%50%

1 2 3 4 5

Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules called pigments.

_________________________1. True

2. False

1 2

50%50%

1 2 3 4 5

A plant whose leaves are naturally yellow probably contains chlorophyll as well as other light-absorbing pigments.

_________________________

1. True

2. False

1 2

50%50%

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If you grind up the chloroplasts found in spinach leaves into a liquid solution, the solution will have a

green color. _________________________

1. True

2. False

Figure 8–3

1 2

50%50%

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The structure labeled A in Figure 8–3 contains chlorophyll.

_________________________1. True

2. False

1 2

50%50%

1 2 3 4 5

If you were to isolate the structure shown in Figure 8–3, it would appear green.

_________________________1. True

2. False

1 2

50%50%

1 2 3 4 5

ATP synthesis depends directly on the availability of light energy.

_________________________1. True

2. False

1 2

50%50%

1 2 3 4 5

The light-dependent reactions supply the Calvin cycle with CO2 and ATP. _________________________

1. True

2. False

1 2

50%50%

1 2 3 4 5

During the light-dependent reactions, plants use the energy in ATP and NADPH to build high-

energy sugars. _________________________

1. True

2. False

1 2

50%50%

1 2 3 4 5

The Calvin cycle provides cells with compounds that can store energy for more than a few minutes.

_________________________

1. True

2. False

1 2

50%50%

1 2 3 4 5

If a plant is placed in a greenhouse held at 40°C, the plant will probably increase its normal rate of photosynthesis. _________________________

1. True

2. False

Participant Scores

0 Participant 1

0 Participant 2

0 Participant 3

0 Participant 4

0 Participant 5

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Organisms, such as hawks and leopards, that obtain energy from the foods they consume are

called ____________________.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Cells keep only a small amount of ____________________ on hand and regenerate

it as needed by using carbohydrates.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

_________________________ concluded that plants gain most of their mass from

water alone.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Ingenhousz found that plants produce oxygen only in the presence of

____________________.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into

oxygen and _________________________.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Photosynthesis requires light, water, carbon dioxide, and ____________________.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

If you separate the pigments found in a typical plant cell’s chloroplasts, you will find ____________________, orange,

and red pigments.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

____________________ are photosynthetic membranes inside chloroplasts.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Thylakoids are arranged in stacks known as ____________________.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Thylakoids are a ____________________ color because they contain chlorophyll.

Figure 8–3

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Photosystems I and II are found in the structure labeled ____________________

in Figure 8–3.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

The area in Figure 8–3 labeled A is called the ____________________.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

A membrane protein called _____________________ allows H+ ions to pass through the thylakoid membrane out

of the thylakoids.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

The electrons that chlorophyll loses to the electron transport chain are replenished by

____________________ molecules.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

In many plants, the rate of photosynthesis ____________________ when the weather

becomes very cold.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph? Give an example of each

type of organism

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Explain how heterotrophs get their energy from the sun even though they cannot make

their own food.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

List four organisms that are heterotrophs.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

What happens when a phosphate group is removed from an ATP molecule?

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

What is ATP, and when is energy released from it?

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Write the overall equation for photosynthesis in both symbols and words.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Why are six carbon dioxide molecules required to make one glucose molecule?

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

A student exposed two plants to only red light and two plants to only green light.

Which plants should grow better? Why?

Figure 8–3

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Identify the structure shown in Figure 8–3 and describe its function.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Compare photosystems I and II.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Photosystems I and II are both located in the thylakoid membrane. What advantage does

their proximity provide?

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

What is the role of hydrogen ions in the conversion of ADP to ATP?

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

What does the Calvin cycle do?

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Describe the relationship between the light-dependent and the light-independent

reactions.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

List two factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Discuss the relationship between autotrophs and heterotrophs. Do heterotrophs depend on

autotrophs for their survival? Explain your answer

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Compare the storage capacity of ATP and glucose. How does the cell use each of

these molecules to store energy?

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Describe the experiments of van Helmont, Priestley, and Ingenhousz. How did the work of these scientists contribute

to our current understanding of photosynthesis?

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Describe how pigments obtain energy from light. Use chlorophyll as an example of the

process you describe.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Describe the kinds of light that chlorophyll and carotene pigments absorb. What is the advantage for a plant to have more than one kind of pigment?

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Trace the events that occur in the thylakoid membrane during the light-dependent

reactions.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

What happens to the electrons in a chlorophyll molecule when light shines on it? Does the chlorophyll molecule ever

run out of electrons? Explain your answer

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Describe the activities that take place in the stroma in (a) bright sunlight and in (b)

darkness.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Identify three factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis and explain the effect of

each.

0 of 51 2 3 4 5

Following an overnight freeze, some plants often die. Some people water the plants thoroughly before and after the freeze. Explain how

providing a plant with extra water before and after an overnight freeze could help it survive a freeze.