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WORKPLACE HAZARDS

Dr. Ardini S Raksanagara,dr.,MPH.

Public Health DepartmentFaculty of Medicine

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SPECIFIC LEARNING

OBJECTIVES

The student will be able :

to recognize workplace hazards

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Subtopics

Worker

Employment

Workplace Environment

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References

Sumamur, Higene Perusahaan dan

Kesehatan Kerja, CV Haji Masagung,

Jakarta, 1994 Hal.48

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Introduction

In the workplace there are risk factors to theworkers

Workers can work better with high

productivity if balance is fruitful from manyfactors

When work is associated with health hazards,

it may cause occupational diseases, be one of

the multiple causes of other diseases or mayaggravate existing ill health of non

occupational origin

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Factors related to work productivity

1. Common Diseases2. Work Related diseases

3. Nutritional conditions

4. Work Environment

5. Planning and designing therelationships between people and

machines

6. Mental or psychological condition7. Workers welfare

8. Health Promotion

9. Health Facility

10.Supervision

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FACTORS RELATED TO HEALTH AND

WORK PRODUCTIVITY

1. work load

2. additional work load caused bywork environment

3. work capacity

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WORKLOAD

Work load is a direct load caused by work Each work is a work load for the workers

Types of workload

Physical : building worker

Mentally : manager

Socially : doctor

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ADDITIONAL WORKLOADCAUSED BY WORK

ENVIRONMENT

1. Physical Factors

2. Chemical Factors

3. Biological Factors

4. Physiological Factors

5. Mental and Sociological

Factors

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PhysicalFactors

temperature

humidity

sound vibration

radiation

air pressure illumination

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ChemicalFactors

Gas

Vapor

Clouds Fume

Smoke

Fluids

Solids

Heavy metals (lead & mercury)

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BiologicalFactors

Animal

Plant

PhysiologicalFactors

Machine construction

Ergonomics

Mental and SociologicalFactor

work situation relationship between workers & owners

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WORKCAPACITY

Work Capacity isthe ability or workers to completeits task

Factors that influence workcapacity

Skill

Fitness

Nutrition

Gender

Age

Anthropometry

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Strategy for Workplaceassessment

1. Anticipation

2. Recognition

3. Evaluation

4. Control of hazards

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Workplace hazards

Type of workplace hazards

Recognition of health

hazards

Evaluation of health

hazards

Controlling of healthhazards

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Type of Workplace Hazards

Hazardous Factor Adverse Health Effect or

other outcomes1 Mechanical risk factor Occupational accident and

injuries

2 Physiological strain and

heavy physical work

Musculoskeletal disorders

Strain injuries.Low Back Pain

3 Ergonomic factors Strain injuries

Mental stress

Lowered productivity andquality of work

4 Physical factors

e.g noise, vibration

Noise induced hearing loss

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Hazardous Factor Adverse Health Effect orother outcomes

5 Chemical hazards Intoxications, fibrosesCancers, allergies

6 Biological factors Infections

Allergies

7 Psychological strain Psychic stressWork dissatisfactionDepression

8 Psychosocial aspect ofwork

ConflictLowered productivityLowered quality of workMental stress

Type of Workplace Hazards

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Recognition of health hazards

1. Inspection

2. Potential health hazards

3. Techniques used in recognizinghealth hazards

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Evaluation of health hazards

1. Exposure measurementtechniques

2. Interpretation of findings3. Recommended exposure limits

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How to prevent workplace hazard

1. Substitution

2. Ventilation

3. Local exhauster4. Isolation

5. Personal Protective Device

6. Pre-placement health examination

7. Periodically health examination

8. Health and safety education

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Controlling hazards in the

workplace

1. Engineering controls

2. Work practice controls3. Administrative controls

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Engineering controls

These minimize employee exposure byeither reducing or removing the hazards atthe source or isolating the workers from thehazards

E.g. Eliminating toxic chemical & substituting

non toxic chemicals

Enclosing work processes or confiningwork operations

Installing general & local ventilationsystem

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Work practice controls

These alter the manner in which a task is performed

Some fundamental & easily implemented Work practice

controls include :

changing existing work practices to follow proper

procedures that minimize exposures while operating

production and control equipment

Inspecting and maintaining process and control

equipment on a regular basis

Implementing good housekeeping procedures

Providing good supervision

Prohibiting eating, drinking, smoking, chewing

tobacco or gum and applying cosmetics in regulated

area

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