11/10/05

No more gray ...

Hsi-chu Bolick & Kazuko Sakaguchi

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Two main types of sources to support research

Primary sources

Secondary sources

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Primary sources

Allow a person to access original and unedited information

A primary source requires the learner to interact with the source and extract information”

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Secondary sources

Secondary sources are edited primary sources, second-hand versions.

They represent someone else's thinking.

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Examples

Primary Sources Person Interview E-Mail contact Event Discussion Debate Community Meeting (Minutes, reports Survey Artifact Observation of object (animate and inanimate)

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Examples

Secondary Sources Reference Material Book CD Rom Encyclopedia Magazine Newspaper Video Tape Audio Tape TV

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Exercise

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES

We‘re researching a paper on Japan’s cotton/textile industry for the period post WWII.

　 Which of the following sources would be a primary source for you and which a secondary?

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What is it?

1. Minutes of Japan's cotton industry, 1955 annual meeting, with a chapter on Hong-Kong and Shanghai cotton mills

[ ] Primary Source

[ ] Secondary Source

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What is it?

2. The publication: 明治期紡績関係史料 (Meijiki boseki kankei shiryo). Compiled by Professor Okamoto Yukio with sources from various official and private agencies.

[ ] Primary Source [ ] Secondary Source

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What is it?

3. Japan Linen, Ramie & Jute Spinners‘ Association (日本麻紡績協会） website

< http://www.asabo.com/>

[ ] Primary Source

[ ] Secondary Source

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What is it?

4. An interview with a history professor who teaches a seminar course on Japan’s cotton industry in Meiji Era.

[ ] Primary Source

[ ] Secondary Source

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What is it?

5. Statistics on the number of supply and distribution of cotton in Japan from 1967-2003

[ ] Primary Source

[ ] Secondary Source

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What is it?

三十五年史 /Sanjugonenshi / 団体著者 :福井縣絹織物同業組合 . 明治文献資料刊行会 .   出版 : 東京 : 明治文献資料刊行会 , 昭和 45 [1970] : 2 v. ; 22 cm.

注記 :Vol. [2] includes : 明治三十四年織物商況調查報告 ( 中央織物協議会 ).

--Cont.

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What is it?

Cont. -- 35 年史明治三十四年織物商況調查報告 .35

-nenshi; Meiji sanjuyonen orimono shokyo chosa hokoku. 責任表示 : 福井縣絹織物同業組合 .Fukui-ken Kinuorimono Dogyo Kumiai.

[ ] Primary Source[ ] Secondary Source

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Summary A primary source -- original document or

account that is not about another document or account; stands on its own.

Secondary sources --interpret primary sources

Your paper will likewise become a [ 　 　 　 ] source.

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Grey Literature

What is it?

Primary or secondary source?

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How it got its name?

Accessibility is in “Grey” Zone

Why “Grey”? In-Between Metaphor

– “Black” for Confidential

– “White” for Public

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Definition

Publications “produced at all levels by government, academia, business and industry, both in print and electronic formats, but which are not controlled by publishing is not the primary business activity of the organization.”

　 (1999 International Conference on Grey Literature in Washington, D.C.)

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Types of Grey Literature (1):

Statistics and Other Data Sources Technical Reports Theses and Dissertations Annual Reports Market Survey & Research Reports Company Histories Bulletins

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Types of Grey Literature (2)

Newsletters Conference Papers House Journals Manuals and Technical Specifications &

Standards Non-Commercial Translations Bibliographies

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Functions of Grey Literature

Contains most current information

Cannot be found in any other sources

Complements or fills gaps of traditional sources

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Producers of Grey Literature Government agencies Non-profit economic and

trade organizations Academic and research institutions Political parties Corporations Individuals

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Primary and Secondary Sources of Grey Literature (1)

Primary Source Examples: Trade Organizations – GNP raw data Governmental – Cabinet decisions Academic – Board of trustee minutes Political Parties – Campaign literature Corporations – Published annual reports Individuals – Written proposals

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Primary and Secondary Sources of Grey Literature (2)

Secondary Source Examples: Governmental – Aggregated statistical data Trade Organizations – Report summaries Academic – Bibliographies Corporations – Company histories Individuals – Abridged interpretations

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Finding Primary and Secondary Sources on

Japan’s Cotton/Textile Industry, Post WWII to 1970

What terms to use for searching?

subject headings, keywords ...

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Subject Heading Shuffle Activity

Cotton manufacture – Japan

Cotton trade – Japan

Investments, Japanese – History

Cotton manufacture – Japan – History

Cotton spinning – History

Cotton yarn industry –Japan – History

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Subject Heading Shuffle Activity (cont.)

Textile industry – Japan – History

Textile – Asia – History

Investments, Japanese – Asia – History

Competition, International

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Keyword Shuffle Activity

MEN 　 綿MENGYO 綿業MENSHI 　 綿糸MENPU 綿布MEN KOGUO 綿工業

WATA 綿KOTTON コ トンﾂ

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Finding Primary and Secondary Sources on

Japan’s Cotton/Textile Industry, Post WWII to 1970

Where to start?

OPAC, Union Catalogs (e.g., NACSIS WebCat, OCLC WorldCat, etc.), and subject Databases

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Guided SearchingNDL-OPAC

http://opac.ndl.go.jp/ NACSIS Webcat

http://webcat.nii.ac.jp/

OCLC WorldCat

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Guided Searching (cont.)

電子政府

E-Gov (Electronic Government)

http://www.e-gov.go.jp/

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Guided Searching (cont.)

国立公文書館National Archives of Japanhttp://www.archives.go.jp/

Subsystem for Searching Archives at National Archives of Japan

http://www2.archives.go.jp/ (Search)

Subsystem for Searching Archives Housed at Naikaku Bunko ( 内閣文庫検索サブシステム )http://www2.archives.go.jp/cgi/naikaku_key.cgi

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Guided Searching (cont.)

国会会議録Proceedings of Meetings of the National Diet at National Diet Libraryhttp://kokkai.ndl.go.jp/

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Guided Searching (cont.)

国立国会図書館 法令議会資料室Horei Gikai Shiryo-shitsu at National Diet Library

閣議決定等文献リスト及び本文Database of Cabinet Policy Decisionshttp://www.ndl.go.jp/riyou/room/horei/index.htm

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Guided Searching (cont.)

http://www.ndl.go.jp/horei_jp/kakugi/title/kakugi_title06.htm

繊維産業生産完遂に関する件 昭和 21 年 8 月 23 日 収載資料 本文

繊維産業生産促進対策昭和 23 年 6 月 8 日 収載資料 本文

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繊維産業生産促進対策

　　　　　昭和 23 年 6 月 8 日　閣議決定　繊維工業は、貿易振興および国民生活安定の各面に亘り、わが国経済再建の成否を左右する致命的重要性を有するものであって、その急速な設備の復興と生産の推進のためには、資材、労務等の各方面に亘り、強力適切な施策が講ぜられなけれはならない。　よってこの際、右の基本的認識のもとに、左の要領により官民協力して、繊維産業の総合的増産を推進する態勢を整え関係末端機関に至るまで施策の徹底を図り、もって生産復興の達成に万全を期するものとする。

　一　繊維産業再建委員会を改組強化して、中央・地方に繊維産業生産審議会を設置し、労働生産性の昂揚、資金、資材、動力、輸送等、各種の生産諸要素の確保、その他繊維産業振興のための具体的施策の樹立および推進を強力に行う。　二　生産能率、出荷成績および品質向上いちじるしき工場および優秀なる従業員に対し、表彰措置を講ずる。　三　国内用綿織物の生産および出荷の不振を打開するため「綿織物増産期間」を定め、関係機関を動員して、製織工場を督励する。　四　本目的を達成するため、関連産業特に繊維機器、染料、ソーダ、人絹パルプ工業についてはその増産を図るよう遺憾なき措置を講ずる。

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Guided Searching (cont.)

The Japan Documentation Center (JDC) at Library of Congress http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/asian/jdc.html

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Where to Get Help

How to obtain identified literature not available at one’s own library

Effective Use of Inter-Library Loan (ILL) Services

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Special Libraries on the Subject

Senmon Joho Kikan Soran = Directory of Special Libraries in Japan (Tokyo: Senmon Toshokan Kyogikai, 1969 - , every 3 years) 「専門情報機関総覧」 専門図書館協議会

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Thank you!