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Copyright@NIOSH 2003 2_6 1

First Aid

Safety And Health Officer CertificateCourse

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Course Objectives To define what is first aid

To state the purpose of first aid at

workplace

To describe 3 principle of first aid

To explain the requirement under the

first aid guideline by DOSH To explain 3 levels of first aid training

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Course Topics

Reasons for providing First-Aid

Planning for First-Aid

First-Aid facilities

Training

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What Is First-aid

First aid is "the immediate and temporary

care of the victim of an accident, with theaim of preventing or reducing an acutethreat to the life or health of the victim".

International Labour Organisation

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The Aims Of First-aid Are To:

Preserve life

Stop the condition becoming worse

Protect the unconscious

Promote recovery and

Relieve pain and suffering Compliance with Factory and Machinery

Act (Reg. 38) and OSHA (Section 15(1)

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Who Needs First-Aid

A person who:

Requires immediate attention

Whose injury would not need treatment by a

medical practitioner or nurse

Minor injuries who would otherwise receive notreatment

Note:

All injuries however minor should be treated,otherwise it might lead to infections leading to losttime illnesses.

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First Aid Response

Get help immediately. Speed is essential.Minutes can save lives

First-Aider assess situation withoutendangering self

Identify injury or injuries

In cases of multiple casualties prioritisetreatment

Keep records of treatments

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Principles Of First Aid

IDENTIFICATION

What kind of injuries or diseases anticipated

ASSESSMENT The type of work being carried out and its level of

hazard

Work away from the employer's premises.

Consequences

Availability of other places of treatment (are therehospitals nearby?)

CONTROL

Provision of first aid facilities and services

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First-Aid Worker Exposure

The duties of first aiders should be

analysed as part of the hazardmanagement process

Identify hazards from

Manual handling

Infection control

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Level of Preparation Depends On Risk - 1

Planning is important for high risk places ofwork, such as:

Workplaces which use or manufacture hazardoussubstances

Workplaces where hazardous processes may beused (e.g.abrasive blasting);

Construction sites;

Where heat is used as part of any process (egworking in foundries or welding and cutting); and

Workplaces which require people to work inremote isolated areas (eg agricultural or transportindustry).

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Level of Preparation Depends On Risk - 2

If has potential for mass casualties provide:

Safe place for evacuation

Equipment e.g. stretchers, wheelchairs, etc.

For hazardous substances and poisons

Procedures, training and PPE for handling

Antidotes in first-aid box, e.g. for cyanide andprocedure for using it, if necessary

To be administered only by trained first aider

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A First - Aid Program

1. Properly trained and designated first-aidpersonnel on every shift,

2. First-aid kit, supplies and room

3. A first-aid manual4. Posted instructions for calling a physician and

notifying the hospital that the patient is enroute

5. Posted method for transporting ill or injured

employees and instructions for calling anambulance or rescue squad and

6. An adequate first aid record system

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First-Aid Consideration - 1

For all workplaces

Communications for quick response

Rescue and evacuation Plan first aid in conjunction with the

emergency response plan. (Especially formajor hazard facilities (MHF))

If there are many employers in the sameworkplace than the principal employer isresponsible

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Matters to be determined having identifiedhazards and assessed the risks at theworkplace are:

The number and location of first aid box

Their contents

The number of employees to be trained in aid

The level of training

Possible need for a first aid room andequipment it should contain

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Number Of First Aider

The numbers of employees.

The distribution of employees

Number of shifts

The nature of the work (type of industry)

The size and location of the workplace

The distance from outside medical services

Selection of First Aiders

Appointment of a person in low risksituations (office)

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First-Aid Boxes - 1

Provide To Ensure:

Sturdy, portable and Immediately accessible -mobile employees also to be considered

Names of First Aiders / emergency serviceson or near to box

CPR instructions in / or near box

Place of work injury instructions in or near tobox

Content is dependent on the type of servicesrequired

Headaches and colds medicine may not beincluded

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First-Aid Boxes - 2

List content and its quantity to facilitatereplenishment

Employer is responsible. First Aider toassist replenishing contents

There is often a difference of opinionregarding proper treatment, first-aid

procedures Should specify the type of medication, if any,

to be used on minor injuries, such as cuts andburns

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First-Aid Equipment

In areas where chemicals are stored,

handled, or used provide: Emergency flood showers

Low pressure eye-wash fountains

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First-Aid Room

When more than 150 employees

Enough to place a couch and people tomove around

Identified, private, well lit (includingemergency lighting), ventilated andtemperature controlled

Access for wheelchair/stretcher Easy access to work areas and toilets

Easy to clean

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Stretchers

Keep near places of serious hazards

Keep clean and ready for use at all times

Keep in cabinets that are clearly markedand prominently located

Protected against mechanical damage and

destructive vapours or fumes, dust, etc. Tested periodically if made of materials

that will deteriorate

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Training For All Employees

Location of first aid boxes/rooms

Names, location, contact numbers of FirstAiders

First aid procedures

Universal precautions

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First Aid Training

LEVEL I

BASIC FIRST AID (emergency first aidprocedures).

LEVEL 2 WORKPLACE FIRST AID (Level I plus treatment

of injuries and illnesses, eg heart attack, fainting).

LEVEL 3

OCCUPATIONAL FIRST AID - (Level 2 plus broadunderstanding of hazards, emergency care &assessment)

Use approved training provider

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Summary

First-Aid is for preserving life and preventingconditions of accident victims from worsening

Assess hazards in the workplace before first-aidservices and programmes are identified

First aid programme consists of :

Identification of First Aiders and training of employees

Provision of first-aid boxes First-aid room, stretchers, showers and eyewash if

necessary

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