10_engineering geology and soil mechanics_chapter 11_rock classification & identification w rock

7/25/2019 10_Engineering Geology and Soil Mechanics_Chapter 11_Rock Classification & Identification w Rock

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Chapter 13 Rock classification & identification

Self-assessment Exercises

1. What are the three main types of rock? Use a diagram to show their relationship.

2. With the aid of a diagram, describe the following terms:

Central eruption

Conical volcano and shield volcano

Fissure eruption

3. Describe the following textures of igneous rocks:

Granular

Aphanitic

Non-crystalline

Xenolith

4. Distinguish between how extrusive rocks and intrusive rocks are formed.

5. Use a labeled diagram to show the various forms of igneous intrusions

6. Use a diagram to show the chemical weathering of granite.

7. How sedimentary rocks are formed?

8. Briefly describe the five sources of sediments for the formation of sedimentary rocks.

9. Describe the lithification process in sedimentary rocks formation.

10. What is meant by texture of sedimentary rocks?

11. Name those common sedimentary rocks that are:

Mechanically formed

Chemically formed

Organically formed

12. Briefly describe how metamorphic rocks are formed?

(thermal or contact metamorphism, stress and dislocation metamorphism, regional

metamorphism)

13. Name some examples of:

Extrusive igneous rocks

Intrusive igneous rock

Sedimentary rocks

Metamorphism rocks

Chapter 11 Rock classification & identification

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(Igneous Rock)(a) Very strong, dry,

(b) brownish grey spotted with single

black biotite crystals,

(c) inequigranular,(d) slightly decomposed,

(e) coarse-grained GRANITE

(Pyroclastic Rock).(a) Weak, dry,

(b) light yellowish brown to pinkish

brown,

(d) highly decomposed,

(e) coarse ash TUFF

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(Metamorphic Rock).(a) Moderately weak, dry,

(b) light grey mottled and

streaked with orangish brown,

(c) very narrowly cleaved,

(d) moderately decomposed,

(e) PHYLLITE

(Sedimentary Rock).(a) Moderately strong, dry,

(b) light brownish grey striped with dark

brown and black,

(c) thinly-laminated,

(d) moderately decomposed,(e) fine SANDSTONE and MUDSTONE

10_engineering geology and soil mechanics_chapter 11_rock classification & identification w rock

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