100 more multiple choice Regents Questions

2 People do not often create records for the benefit of historians. They produce them for other reasons.… — Chris Hinton, 1998 Based on this statement, historical sources often contain (1) evidence that can be biased (2) facts that are completely balanced and reliable (3) accounts that represent all points of view (4) summaries that detail research about the distant past

3 Which concept is essential to the study of

economic systems?(1) self-determination (3) citizenship(2) factors of production (4) human rights

4 Which major geographic feature has hindered

cultural diffusion between India and China?

(1) Himalaya Mountains (3) Gobi Desert(2) Deccan Plateau (4) Great Rift Valley

5 Which statement about the Bantu migration is anopinion rather than a fact?(1) The migration occurred gradually over a longperiod of time.(2) Language and knowledge spread fromnorthwestern to southern and eastern Africa.(3) The lack of primary documents makes itdifficult to determine the exact cause of themigration.(4) Bantu civilization was superior to thosecivilizations that it displaced

6 Historically, the Huang He has also been known

as the “River of Sorrows” because(1) frozen ports have made trade difficult(2) cataracts have made transportation

impossible(3) floods have destroyed crops and villages(4) burials have taken place at the sacred

waters

7 Both the Han dynasty and the Roman Empire

were known for(1) developing decentralized political

structures(2) having governments dominated by amerchant class(3) using examinations to select officials(4) having long periods of stable government

8 Which belief system is considered monotheistic?

(1) Judaism (3) Confucianism(2) Shinto (4) animism

9 The Golden Age of India’s Gupta Empire is

known for its(1) development of gunpowder(2) sea trade routes to Europe(3) acceptance of Christianity as an official

religion(4) advancements in mathematics and

med

10 Which geographic factor enabled the cities of

Nanjing and Mogadishu to develop into powerful

trading centers?(1) location on waterways(2) abundance of natural resources(3) predictable rainfall from the monsoon

cycle(4) access to mountain passes

12 Development and expansion of banking,

insurance companies, and stock exchanges were

essential to the system of(1) feudalism (3) capitalism(2) tribute (4) bartering

13 A key feature of European Renaissance culturewas(1) an outlook emphasizing classicism, secularism,and individualism(2) a reliance on the Pope and his knights tomaintain political stability(3) a shift in production from the domesticsystem to the factory system(4) a way of thinking stressing humility andChristian faith

14 Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII all

played a key role in the(1) attempts made to reclaim the Holy Land(2) fall of the Ottoman Empire(3) end of religious unity in Europe(4) establishment of parliamentary

democracy inBritain

15 The practice of Islam throughout much of WestAfrica is evidence that(1) Islam spread beyond the borders of theArabian peninsula(2) Chinese trade carried Islamic beliefs toWest Africa(3) Islam originated in West Africa and spread tothe Middle East(4) Europeans encouraged Islamic beliefs duringthe colonial period

16 Which statement is consistent with the ideas of

Niccolò Machiavelli?(1) Democratic principles should be followedfaithfully.(2) The law should be subject to the will of theleader.(3) Human rights should be respected in allcountries.(4) Markets should op

17 What was a major cause for the shift in European

trade from the Mediterranean Sea to the AtlanticOcean during the late 1400s?(1) Ottoman Turks seized control ofConstantinople.(2) The Ming dynasty authorized Zheng He tomake long-distance voyages.(3) The Tokugawa shogunate adopted an isolationist policy.(4) Christian crusaders captured Jerusalem.

18 The location of the Inca civilization of South

America demonstrates the(1) importance of trade with western Europe(2) ability of humans to adapt the

environment(3) influence of cultural diversity(4) complexity of indigenous belief systems

19 Why is Ferdinand Magellan’s voyage considered a

turning point in world history?(1) Portugal’s claims to southern Africa wereestablished.(2) His ship was the first to land in the Americas.(3) One of his ships was the first to

circumnavigateEarth.(4) Britain’s control of the seas ended.

20 In the 17th and 18th centuries, the primary goal of mercantilism as practiced by European countries was to (1) glorify the power and aggressiveness of the military (2) create laws which guaranteed individual freedoms (3) teach the natives Christianity and offer them protection in exchange for labor (4) increase their supply of gold and silver through a favorable balance of trade

21 The impact of the printing press, astrolabe, and

caravel on 16th-century Europe demonstrates the

ability of technology to(1) limit which ideas can be transmitted(2) redefine human understanding of the

world(3) reinforce established traditional beliefs(4) exploit new sources of energy

22 One way in which Peter the Great, Louis XIV, and

Philip II are similar is that each(1) supported missionary efforts of the RomanCatholic Church(2) sought to centralize power by limiting thepower of the nobility(3) fought to block the establishment of Britishcolonies in the Western Hemisphere(4) challenged feudal practices by emancipatingserfs

23 New scientific knowledge and understandings

that developed during the Scientific Revolution

were most often based on(1) observation and experimentation(2) church law and faith(3) superstition and ancient practices(4) geometric formulas and astrology

24 Which pair correctly links the region where

Enlightenment ideas first developed to a region

to which those ideas spread?(1) Asia → eastern Europe(2) Africa → southeastern Asia(3) western Europe → the Americas(4) eastern Africa → India

25 Baron de Montesquieu believed that a separation

of powers would(1) prevent tyranny by acting as a check

on power(2) restore authority to the Roman CatholicChurch(3) increase corruption of political authority(4) decrease the power of the middle class

26 Which mountains were an obstacle to Simón

Bolívar’s efforts to unify Gran Colombia?(1) Alps (3) Zagros(2) Andes (4) Urals

27 • Abundant coal resources• Development of steam power• Building of an extensive canal systemIn the late 1700s, these conditions

allowed theIndustrial Revolution to begin in(1) Japan (3) Russia(2) Germany (4) England

28 Laissez-faire practices are most closely associated

with a(1) traditional economy(2) market economy(3) command economy(4) mixed economy

29 As a result of the Russo-Japanese War, Japan

came to be seen by Europeans as(1) a likely area for colonization(2) the strongest of the imperialist

countries(3) a leader in the movement for

nonalignment(4) an emerging global threat

Base your answer to question 30 on the speakers’ statements below and on your knowledge of social studies. Speaker A: The British East India Company does not respect my beliefs. I cannot follow dharma and remain their soldier. I will return to my family in a Tamil village. Speaker B: My rebellious countrymen cannot accept my new religion and so they hate me and my “foreign devil” friends. The missionaries leave Beijing tomorrow for England. I must join them before the church compound is surrounded. Speaker C: The czar’s soldiers came again today, looted our village, drove off our livestock, and trampled anyone in their way. They even burned our synagogue. Our way of life is gone. It is time to emigrate to Palestine. 30 What is the primary focus of these speakers? (1) civil war (2) economic reforms (3) religious persecution (4) colonial oppression

31 Which condition is most closely associated with

Mexico between 1910 and 1930?(1) revolutions and political instability(2) establishment of a state religion(3) rapid industrialization by locally ownedcorporations(4) widespread support for foreign

interven

32 The difficult, year-long journey made by Mao

Zedong and his Communist followers in 1934

through China’s mountains, marshes, and rivers

was called the(1) Cultural Revolution (3) Boxer Rebellion(2) Great Leap Forward (4) Long March

34 Which statement about the Soviet economyunder Joseph Stalin is accurate?(1) The Soviet Union increased its power bydeveloping heavy industry.(2) The government reduced its role in planning industrial production.(3) Farmers were encouraged to compete in afree market economy.(4) A large selection of consumer goods becameavailable in the Soviet Union.

35 In the 1940s, the leadership of the IndianNational Congress and the leadership of theMuslim League supported the goal of(1) helping the British fight World War II(2) removing British control from the

subcontinent(3) abolishing caste distinctions and

discrimination(4) establishing a unified government based onreligious teachings

38 Immediately after World War II, which country

exerted political and economic control over

Poland, Hungary, and Romania?(1) France (3) Soviet Union(2) United States (4) Great Britain

39 The main reason oil-producing states formed the

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC) was to(1) promote foreign ownership of oil fields(2) lift economic sanctions and establish free

trade(3) improve trade relations with the West(4) influence the price of oil and set productionlevels

40 What was a goal of the student protestors in

Tiananmen Square in 1989?(1) independence for Taiwan(2) removal of troops from South Korea(3) access to foreign products(4) democratic reforms

41 What is one way post–World War II North Koreaand post–World War II East Germany aresimilar?(1) Monarchies were reestablished in bothcountries.(2) Democratic principles flourished in bothcountries.(3) Both communist governments facedeconomic stagnation.(4) Both countries threatened to use chemicalweapons against China.

43 • Tutsis and Hutus in Rwanda• Russians and Chechens in southwestern Russia• Tamils and Sinhalese in Sri LankaIn the 1990s, which situation characterized therelationship of the peoples listed for each of theseregions?(1) cooperative political compromise(2) development of a shared economy(3) movement toward religious toleration(4) brutal civil conflict

44 During the 20th century, in which area has

deforestation been a significant environmental

issue due to the expansion of industrial mining,

the growth of corporate farms, and thedevelopment of new road networks?(1) Sahara Desert (3) Amazon Basin(2) Tibetan Plateau (4) Ukrainian Steppe

below and on your knowledge of social studies. …The deposits of fine sediment left by natural floods sustain the fertility of floodplain soils. The 5,000-year history of agriculture in the Nile Valley and delta of Egypt depended on the annual Nile River flood that left a veneer of new silt over the valley floor each year. Modern dams on the Nile — particularly the Aswan High Dam, which can store the entire annual flood — have destroyed the natural system of fertilization, necessitating huge imports of artificial fertilizers.… — Oberlander and Muller, Essentials of Physical Geography Today, Second Edition, Random House, 1987 46 Based on this passage, a valid conclusion would be that (1) natural fertilizers are less effective than artificial fertilizers (2) technological advances sometimes create unforeseen problems (3) yearly flooding is harmful to Egyptian agriculture (4) farmers in the Nile Valley operate at a subsistence level

below and on your knowledge of social studies.

… I, John of Toul, make known that I am the liege man of the lady Beatrice, countess of Troyes, and of her son, Theobald, count of Champagne, against every creature, living or dead, saving my allegiance to lord Enjorand of Coucy, lord John of Arcis, and the count of Grandpré. If it should happen that the count of Grandpré should be at war with the countess and count of Champagne on his own quarrel, I will aid the count of Grandpré in my own person, and will send to the count and the countess of Champagne the knights whose service I owe to them for the fief which I hold of them. But if the count of Grandpré shall make war on the countess and the count of Champagne on behalf of his friends and not in his own quarrel, I will aid in my own person the countess and count of Champagne, and will send one knight to the count of Grandpré for the service which I owe him for the fief which I hold of him, but I will not go myself into the territory of the count of Grandpré to make war on him.… 47 In which period of western European history was the relationship described in this passage most common? (1) Neolithic (3) Medieval (2) Classical (4) Napoleonic

48 During the feudal period of Japanese history, the emperor had mainly symbolic authority. Which statement best explains the reason for this situation? (1) Power had been granted to shoguns and daimyos. (2) Communist guerillas had destabilized domestic political institutions. (3) A democratic constitution prevented the emperor from centralizing authority. (4) American occupation forces had undermined the belief in the emperor’s divinity.

1 Which feature is considered a natural barrier?

(1) Great Rift Valley(2) Aswan Dam(3) Panama Canal(4) Great Wall of China

2 A library’s holdings include the following title: A

Forgotten Kingdom, Being a Record of the results

obtained from the excavation of two mounds,Atchana and Al Mina, in the Turkish Hatay.Which field of study would have been mostresponsible for conducting the excavation?(1) economics (3) archaeology(2) sociology (4) political science

3 Which practice is closely associated with most

ancient river valley civilizations?(1) recording events in cave paintings(2) using irrigation systems(3) developing democratic traditions(4) spreading monotheistic religious

customs

4 Which achievement played an important role in

pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations?

(1) use of gunpowder(2) production of corn(3) domestication of horses(4) development of sugar plantations

5 One way in which filial piety in Confucian Chinaand citizenship in ancient Athens are similar isthat both(1) emphasized duties and responsibilities insociety(2) encouraged the development of advancedtechnology(3) promoted respect for the physicalenvironment(4) required that legalist principles be followed

Base your answers to questions 6 and 7 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. … It was during the Arab period, particularly under the Umayyads (756–1031), that Qurtubah [Cordova] enjoyed its prime and grandeur and took its place as the most civilized city in Western Europe. None of the other Spanish historic cities — Toledo, Seville, and Granada — approached it in material prosperity and intellectual attainments. When Christendom was deep in its Dark Ages, Moslem Cordova was rearing men, evolving ideas, writing books, erecting buildings, and producing works of art that constituted a unique civilization. In the West it had one peer in Constantinople and in the East another, Baghdad. At no time before or after did any Spanish city enjoy such distinction.… — Philip K. Hitti, Capital Cities of Arab Islam 6 Based on this passage, what is a major criterion used to measure the distinctive civilization found in Cordova? (1) unique religious beliefs (2) distance from Baghdad (3) intellectual achievements (4) depth of the Dark Ages

7 Which term is best illustrated using this passage?(1) golden age(2) divine right(3) spheres of influence(4) global interdependence

8 Which group used the stirrup, skilledhorsemanship, and siege warfare

techniques toconquer much of Asia and part of Europe

in the12th and 13th centuries?(1) Japanese (3) Persians(2) Vikings (4) Mongols

11 Which statement concerning the influence ofgeography on Japan is most accurate?(1) Widespread mineral deposits led Japan toindustrialize before England.(2) The lack of natural barriers made it easy toconquer Japan.(3) Large tracts of arable land made Japan aleading agricultural exporter.(4) Japan’s location allowed selective borrowingfrom China.

12 Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca demonstrates

that he practiced(1) animism (3) Islam(2) Sikhism (4) Buddhism

13 Which geographic region made up much of the

Ottoman Empire?(1) Scandinavia(2) Iberian Peninsula(3) Indian Subcontinent(4) eastern Mediterranean Basin

14 During the rise of capitalism in Europe,merchants and bankers began to establish(1) systems based on bartering(2) rules that forbid loans to the wealthy(3) quotas to control production(4) insurance companies and joint stockcompanies

15 • Johannes Gutenberg• King Henry VIII• John CalvinWhich event in European history was mostdirectly influenced by these individuals?(1) Reconquista(2) Glorious Revolution(3) Protestant Reformation(4) trans-Atlantic slave trade

16 Which situation came first?(1) Spain introduced the encomienda

system.(2) Portugal claimed Brazil.(3) Spain and Portugal competed for

colonies inthe Americas.(4) Columbus arrived in the Caribbean

region

17 The term mercantilism is best described as

(1) an economic policy in which a colonial power

controls trade(2) an international policy of laissez-faireeconomics(3) a network linking industrialized nations(4) an exchange of land between nobles

18 Which characteristic is associated with the rule of

both Akbar the Great and Suleiman theMagnificent?(1) promoting equal rights for women(2) expanding the role of legislative bodies(3) forcing the conversion of citizens toChristianity(4) practicing religious tolerance towardmembers of society

19 Historians frequently portray Louis XIV’sconstruction of the palace of Versailles and

Peterthe Great’s building of the city of SaintPetersburg as(1) shrines to religious beliefs(2) monuments to personal rule(3) examples of colonial architectural

influences(4) efforts to isolate and protect the ruler

20 One way in which the Scientific Revolution andthe Enlightenment are similar is that both(1) led to increased power for royal families inEurope(2) sought to reconcile Christian beliefs andscience(3) questioned traditional values and pastpractices(4) promoted nationalistic revolutions in easternEurope

22 Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations stressed the

importance of(1) tradition(2) supply and demand(3) large corporations(4) government ownership

23 Which social change occurred during the

Industrial Revolution?(1) growth of the working class(2) development of the extended family(3) expansion of privileges for the landed

nobility(4) increased status for religious leaders

24 During the 1800s, many Latin American

countries were characterized by a(1) reliance on cash crops(2) transition to command economies(3) redistribution of land to the peasants(4) withdrawal from the world market

26 Which description of trade patterns bestrepresents the relationship between Africa andEurope during the late 19th century?(1) Trans-Saharan trade caravans led byEuropeans were the most profitable.(2) South Africa was of no interest to Europeantraders.(3) Raw materials were shipped from Africa toEuropean industries.(4) Rivers were the key highways connectingEuropeans to much of the African interior

28 One way in which the government under CzarNicholas II of Russia and the government underBenito Mussolini of Italy are similar is that bothgovernments(1) liberated the serfs and industrial workers(2) reformed the executive branch by incorporating theocratic principles(3) established policies of censorship andrepression(4) used televised propaganda to rally the masses

29 The movement to establish a Jewish homeland in

Palestine is best known as(1) Zionism (3) Marxism(2) multi-culturalism (4) militarism

31 A primary objective of the New Economic Policy

(NEP) in the Soviet Union was to(1) promote private ownership of heavy

industry(2) organize support for educational reforms

toimprove literacy(3) coordinate efforts to end World War I(4) gain stability by increasing production

32 Ho Chi Minh and Jomo Kenyatta were leaders of

movements that were attempting to achieve

(1) nuclear disarmament (3) pan-Africanism

(2) self-determination (4) collective security

Base your answer to question 33 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. … Whatever we may wish or hope, and whatever course of action we may decide, whatever be the views held as to the legality, or the humanity, or the military wisdom and expediency [advisability] of such operations, there is not the slightest doubt that in the next war both sides will send their aircraft out without scruple [hesitation] to bomb those objectives which they consider the most suitable.… — H. Trenchard, Marshal of the Royal Air Force, 1928 33 This passage implies that the author is (1) grateful for the availability of new weapons (2) aware that new weapons have broadened the theater of war (3) certain that there will be no future wars (4) anxious about the legality of future military operations

Base your answer to question 33 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. … Whatever we may wish or hope, and whatever course of action we may decide, whatever be the views held as to the legality, or the humanity, or the military wisdom and expediency [advisability] of such operations, there is not the slightest doubt that in the next war both sides will send their aircraft out without scruple [hesitation] to bomb those objectives which they consider the most suitable.… — H. Trenchard, Marshal of the Royal Air Force, 1928 33 This passage implies that the author is (1) grateful for the availability of new weapons (2) aware that new weapons have broadened the theater of war (3) certain that there will be no future wars (4) anxious about the legality of future military operations

37 Which event was the primary reason the United

Nations called for a Convention on thePrevention and Punishment of Genocide in1948?(1) Bosnian massacres(2) killing fields in Cambodia(3) Holocaust(4) Hutu-Tutsi conflict

38 In the post–World War II period, which issue is

most closely associated with the boundariescreated for newly independent African

countries?(1) expansion of urban centers(2) ethnic tensions(3) spread of AIDS(4) drought-related famine

40 Geopolitics play an important role in the Middle

East today because of its(1) fertile soil and favorable climate for

cash crops(2) navigable rivers and diamond mines(3) effective natural barriers and high

altitude(4) strategic location and oil resources

41 • Over farming and overgrazing on marginal lands

• Extended droughts in the Sahel region• Wind erosion of topsoilThese situations have all contributed to(1) population growth in Southwest Asia(2) deforestation in South America(3) desertification in sub-Saharan Africa(4) increased reliance on fossil fuels in Asia

42 “Indira Gandhi Becomes Prime Minister of India” (1966) “Corazon Aquino Becomes First Elected Leader of Philippines” (1986) “Benazir Bhutto Becomes Prime Minister of Pakistan” (1988) These headlines indicate that women as leaders (1) have gained some political power in traditionally patriarchal societies (2) have attained key positions in a wide variety of industries (3) were banned from political roles during the 20th century (4) were limited to one term in office

43 Which description best fits the NeolithicRevolution?(1) moving from urban centers to rural

centers(2) using petrochemical fertilizers and

pesticidesto increase production(3) replacing human laborers with machines(4) shifting from hunting and gathering tofarming as a way of life

44 What was an important strategy used by both the

Romans and the Incas to unify their empires?(1) building a large network of roads and bridges(2) using powerful navies to protect sea traderoutes(3) supporting free-market economies byminting silver coins(4) granting citizenship and voting rights toconquered peoples

46 A study of the Gupta Empire would include

information about(1) Egyptian conquests(2) Muslim architectural influences(3) medical and mathematical

achievements(4) the British East India Company’s

trading posts

47 • Zheng He’s seven voyages are sponsored by the government. • Corn and peanuts are introduced into the people’s diet. • The Forbidden City is built in Beijing. Which time period is associated with these statements? (1) Ming dynasty (2) Tokugawa shogunate (3) rule of Kublai Khan (4) Japanese annexation of Korea

48 The 1453 conquest of Constantinople is an

important turning point in global history because it

(1) ushered in Pax Romana(2) began the Middle Ages(3) contributed to the rise of the OttomanEmpire(4) signified the end of the Napoleonic Wars

49 One way in which Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin,

and Fidel Castro are similar is that each believed

in(1) supporting a capitalist system(2) preserving a rigid social system(3) spreading the teachings of Christianity(4) achieving change through revolution