100 facts review powerpoint

100 Greatest American History FactsColonization Through the Civil WarColonization Through the Civil War

1. Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement, was founded in 1607.Jamestown


2.The Declaration of Independence was signed July 4, 1776 (Written by Thomas Jefferson).

Declaration of Independence


3. The Constitution of the United States was written in 1787- James Madison is the “Father”

Constitution


4. President Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803.Louisiana Territory

Sold!

To the United

States for $15

million!


5. The Civil War was fought from 1861-1865.Civil War

Conf

eder

ates

Union


6. The ___House of Burgesses was the first representative assembly in the new world.

VA

Are you reading COMIC BOOKS?!?


7. The first battle of the American Revolution was at Lexington and Concord in April 1775. Lexington and Concord

That’s good stuff!

Hey Ralph! I bet they hear this shot ‘round the world!


8. The Battle of Saratoga was the turning point of the American Revolution (French entered the war).

Saratoga

If you get shot, can I have your Freedom Fries?


9. The British defeat in 1781 at Yorktown, Virginia by George Washington’s troops signaled the end of the American

Revolution.

http://www.britishbattles.com/battle-yorktown.htm

Yorktown


10. Mercantilism is an economic system in which the mother country controls the trade of its colonies.Mercantilism


11. A tariff is a tax on goods brought into a country (designed to protect home industries).

Foreign Merchant

tariff


12. Republicanism is a system of representative government in which voters elect

representatives to make laws for them.

Republicanism


13. The Three Branches of Government are the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Branches. Legislative, Executive and Judicial


14. Checks and Balances is a system set up by the Constitution in which each branch of the federal government has the power

to check, or control, the actions of the other branches.

Checks and Balances


15. Federalism is the sharing of power between the states and the national government.

Federalism


16. The Legislative Branch makes the laws. The Executive Branch enforces the laws.

The Judicial Branch interprets the meaning of the laws.

My name is Bill

Lawmaker.

I veto you You are

SO guilty!!!

LegislativeExecutive

Judicial


Magna Carta, 1215“No freeman shall be seized … except by the lawful judgment

of his peers (equals), or by the law of the

land.”

Bring me a shrubery!

We are the knights who say

Ni!

17. The Magna Carta, signed in 1215 by King John, was the first document that limited power of the ruler.

Magna Carta


18. The - an agreement signed in 1620 by the Pilgrims in Plymouth. It

is the 1st representative government in America.

Hey! What do you mean,

“Thanksgiving?”

You sure are cocky for a

starving Pilgrim!

Mayflower Compact


19. The Proclamation of 1763 limited the

colonies from expanding west of the Appalachian

Mountains

Do not walk this way, by order of the British

Proclamation


20. The Treaty of Paris of 1763 ended the French and Indian War. The debt from the war led to increased British taxation of the colonies.

Your Coercive Acts are

Intolerable!

‘Ere’s your tea, MATE!

Poop on your duty.

Treaty of Paris of 1763


21. The English Bill of Rights of 1689 protected the rights of English citizens and became the basis for the

American Bill of Rights.“That it is the right of the subjects to petition the king”

William & Mary

King James III will

RULE you, punk!

You’re out Daddy & we are in. We know Parliament

has the funk.

English Bill of Rights


Sugar1764

Stamp1765

Townshend1767

Intolerable or Coercive1774

Tea1773

Quebec1774

22. These acts following the French & Indian War ticked off the Colonies and

eventually led to the Revolution!

Quartering Act1765


23. Common Sense - a pamphlet by Thomas Paine that convinced many colonists to support

independence from Great Britain.It is “Paine-ful” to not use Common

Sense.

Get it?

Ha ha!

Common Sense


24. Thomas Paine wrote pamphlets like Common Sense and The Crisis to encourage American

independence and resolve.

Common

SenseThe

CrisisThese are the times that try men’s souls

Thomas Paine


25. Ben Franklin wrote the Albany Plan of Union – “Join or Die!” He also signed the Declaration of

Independence and the Constitution.

An investment in knowledge always pays

the best interest.

Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy,

wealthy, and wise.

Energy and persistence conquer all things.

He that falls in love with himself will have no rivals.

He that is good for making excuses is seldom good for

anything else.

Never leave that till tomorrow which you can

do today.

I am in the prime of senility.

Well done is better than well said.

Creditors have better memories than debtors.

Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve

neither liberty nor safety.

Albany Plan of Union


26. Sam Adams, a member of the Sons of Liberty and leader of the Boston Tea Party, stirred public support

for American independence.Die, you defenseless American

rebels! We massacre your for no reason! (according to Paul Revere)

“If ye love wealth better than liberty...

Crouch down and lick the hands which feed

you.”

Sons of Liberty


“Give me liberty or give

me death!”

I got your Bill of Rights right here, you stinkin’ Anti-

Federalist!

I smell a rat…

27. The fiery orator, patriot and Anti-Federalist Patrick Henry called for American independence and later opposed the Constitution because it did not protect individual liberties.

Patrick Henry


28. George Washington was the leader of the Continental Army who later became the first

President of the United States .

George Washington


29. A patriot is someone who supported American independence during the Revolution.

patriot

I’m a Patriot, too!

TOUCHDOWN!


30. A loyalist is someone who

supported maintaining British rule

over the colonies

during the Revolution.

I sure do like

England, Dad.

Why don’t you hold the end of this electrified

string, you dirty loyalist!

loyalist


31. King George III of England: He offended the colonies with his taxes and abuses of our rights as Englishman.

King George III – Statue being pulled down

King George III


32. The Declaration of Independence - a list of grievances against King George III - was written by

Thomas Jefferson-July 4, 1776. It declared the colonies independent from England.

Dear Georgie,You stink.Love, Tom

Declaration of Independence


Grrrrr… My Rights are God-given, natural rights and you can’t take them from me!!

Woof!

Arf!I am the King of this

kennel, and I will take them If I want!

Bark!!

33. Unalienable rights are rights that cannot be given up, taken away or transferred. Life, liberty and the

pursuit of happiness, are some of those rights.

Unalienable Rights


34. The Articles of Confederation – Our 1st National government with

one branch (legislative). The states have most of the power. It would be replaced by the Constitution in 1787.

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

•No executive branch•No levying of taxes•No judicial branch

•No regulation of trade

Articles of Confederation


35. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established the procedures for the expansion of the United States and explains that new

states are admitted to the Union equal to existing states.

Congress appoints governorTo rule territory

With 5,000 free adult males, elect a territorial legislature

60,000 total free population, write a constitution

Congressional approval ofConstitution means statehood

IL IN OH

MI

WI

Northwest Ordinance

MN

Ahh… Paris. Such a wonderful – HEY!

Where did the British go?!?


36. The Treaty of Paris of 1783 ended the American Revolution and forced Britain to recognize the United States as an

independent nation.

Come on, mates. Let’s go home and get some

fish and chips.

Treaty of Paris of 1783


37. Shays’ Rebellion highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation & convinced many Founders of the need for a stronger national government.

GW should be scared! Take my farm? I’ll whup that tax man

from a sittin’ position.

Shays’ Rebellion


38. Alexander Hamilton: a leader of the Federalists, first Treasurer of the United States, and creator of the Bank of the

U.S. - killed in a duel by the V. P. of the U. S.

Suck eggs Tom!! The national government must be strong & the bank’s a great idea.

The bank is unconstitutional.Power to the states & may my V.P. shoot you dead!

Alexander Hamilton

39. The Great Compromise created a bi-cameral (2

House) Legislature we call Congress.

Representation in the House of

Representatives: population; the Senate:

each state gets 2.


Senate -2 for each state

House of Representatives (435)

Great Compromise


40. The Constitution (our written plan of government) - Created: Philadelphia, 1787. Provides a strong national government with

power balanced between the 3 branches.

Legislative

Executive

Judicial

Power

Power

Power

Constitution


41. James Madison is

considered to be the “Father

of the Constitution”.

I should win

“Father of the Year” for this.

Baby Constitution

#1 Dad!

Madison


42. Separation of Powers: system in which each branch of government has its own powers.

Legislative Executive Judicial

Makes Laws Executes LawsInterprets

Laws

Separation of Powers


43. Ratify means to approve by vote.Great. Now that we have all

signed the Constitution, will the states vote for it?

YES!

YES!

YES!

YES!

YES!YES!

YES!

YES!

YES!

YES!

YES!

YES!

YES!

Sweet! Now the Constitution is RATIFIED!


44. Amend means to

change. As in amend the Constitution so it works

better. Amendment = change to

the Constitution

I can amend the

Amendments!

2/3

Amend

amend

Amendment

3/4


45. The Bill of Rights - 1st ten amendments to the Constitution --designed to protect our individual liberties.

Bill of Rights

46. The First Amendment• Protects the freedom of…

• Religion

• Assembly

• Press

• Petition

• Speech



47. The 2nd Amen – “A well regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.”

2nd Amendment

I have the right to bear arms! Grrrr!

I sure wish I had a gun!


47. The 2nd Amendment – “A well regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.”

2nd Amendment


48. The 3rd Amendment - "No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but

in a manner to be prescribed by law."

This place looks great!! I think

I’ll move

in.

3rd Amendment

3rd Amendment


8th Amendment - “Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual

punishments inflicted.”

49. Due process – how laws are enforced fairly…For example…

4th Amendment - no illegal search or seizure.

5th Amendment - no self-incrimination, no double jeopardy, and no loss of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

6th Amendment - the right to a speedy trial, a lawyer, to cross examine witnesses, and the right to force witnesses at a trial to testify.

7th Amendment - the right to a jury trial in civil suits.

Due process


50. The 9th Amendment -

“The enumeration in the Constitution,

of certain rights, shall not be

construed to deny or disparage

others retained by the people.”

WOW!! You mean I get even more rights than what is in the Bill of Rights?!?!?

That Flippin’ Rocks!!

9th Amendment:


51. The 10th Amendment – “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the

States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.” Meaning…

10th Amendment


52. 13th Amendment “Slavery …shall (not) exist within the United States..”

13th Amendment


53. The 14th Amendment – Defined the right of citizenship & ended the 3/5 compromise.

Section 1. “All persons…are citizens of the United States... No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens… nor… deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny… the equal protection of the laws.”

Section 2. “Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed…”

14th Amendment


54. The 15th Amendment – “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or

abridged … on account of race”

I’m free, I have the

rights of all citizens

(14th amend),

and I get to vote?YAY!!

Sadly, many southern states would find ways to prevent African- Americans from voting.

15th Amendment


55. The 19th Amendment – “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied

… on account of sex.”

Hey Susan B. Anthony,

I am suffering ‘cause I

can’t vote.

Suffrage will cure

your suffering, Elizabeth

Cady Stanton!

1920 1920

19th Amendment


56.

the practice of having the authority to

make decisions for

oneself.

Popular Sovereignty


57. Federalists were supporters of the Constitution who favored a strong national government.

This rocks!Now we have a strong national

government!

Federalists


58. The Federalist Papers - a series of

essays written by James Madison, John Jay, and

Alexander Hamilton defending the

Constitution and the principles on which the government of the United States

was founded.

We are Publius!We are Publius!We are Publius!Federalist


59. Anti-federalists were people opposed to the Constitution, preferring more power be given to the state governments than to the national government.

Who gives you the right to speak “We

the People” you power monger!

Hi Hi

Anti-Federalists


60. Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, became the 3rd President of the United States and purchased the Louisiana territory, doubling the size of the United States.

Thomas Jefferson


61. George Washington’s Farewell Address advised the United States to stay “neutral in its relations with other nations” and to

avoid “entangling alliances”.

The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial

relations, to have with them as little political

connection as possible....It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances

with any portion of the foreign world.... - George Washington’s Farewell Address

George Washington


62. Free Enterprise is an economic system where citizens are free to choose how to make a living.

So thirsty…What to choose?

Free Enterprise


63. was the 1803 Court decision that gave the Supreme Court the power of judicial review - the right to

determine whether a law violates the Constitution.

Yo, dawg! You can’t stop me from

becoming a judge!

I guess we will decide this on the

court!

Marbury v. Madison


64. Industrial Revolution: industry changed from the production of goods at home (cottage industry) to

factory production using powered machinery.

Boott Mill, Lowell Mass.

Industrial Revolution


65. Robert Fulton’s steamboat improved

transportation of goods and people

during the Industrial

Revolution.

5 miles an hour!Wooooooooooooo-

hooooooooooooo!!!!We’re flyin’ now boys!!

Robert Fulton

66. Textile MillsThief: Samuel Slater

Importance: Led to large-scale factory production of cloth through the use of power looms. Provided new job opportunities for young women.



67. Interchangeable Parts

Inventor: Eli Whitney

Importance: Allowed factories to make products faster & cheaper. Parts could be replaced easily if broken.


68. Cotton Gin - 1793Inventor: Eli Whitney

Importance: Allowed for fast separation of cotton from seeds, greatly increasing profitability of cotton. This made the use of slavery on plantations essential to cotton farmers in the South.


69. James Monroe: 5th President & author of the Monroe Doctrine, which shut down the western hemisphere to

European expansion or interference.I wrote it

‘cause I’m smrt.

But I was

prez, so the

credit go to me!

John Quincy

Adams Sec. of State

James Monroe:


Insult my beloved Rachel and I’ll thump your skull. I will hold the Union together, so shut your trap

& pay the tariff SC!

Your Bank bill bites, Congress! Now you must get vetoed and

thumped by Old Hickory!

70. Andrew Jackson was a self-

made man & founder of the

modern Democratic Party.

He was responsible for the Trail of Tears and he supported the Union during the Nullification Crisis

AndrewJackson


71. Trail of Tears forced the Indians in the southeastern

U.S. to move west of the Mississippi River.

Chickasaw

Choctaw

Cherokee

Creek

The United States

Trail of Tears:


72. Nullification is the idea of a state declaring a federal law unconstitutional or not in force in that state.

WebsterWebster:: Liberty and Union, now andLiberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. forever, one and inseparable.

JacksonJackson:: Our Federal Union—it must beOur Federal Union—it must be preserved. preserved.

CalhounCalhoun:: The Union, next to our The Union, next to our liberty,liberty, most dear. most dear.

Nullification


73. Daniel Webster - a Massachusetts Congressman and Senator who spoke for the North and the preservation of the

Union. ““Liberty and Union, now andLiberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable.” forever, one and inseparable.”

Look into my eyes and

repeat after

me…

Union,Union,Union

Daniel Webster


74. John C. Calhoun was a South Carolina Congressman and Senator who spoke for the South before and during the Civil War.

““The Union, The Union, next to our next to our liberty,liberty,most dear” most dear”

Punk !!Punk !!

John C. Calhoun


75. Henry Clay was a powerful Kentucky Congressman and Senator who proposed the American System and the

Compromise of 1850. Known as the Great Compromiser

States– Or I will

PUNK you!

Can’t we all just

get along?

Henry Clay

Union…

Union…

Union…


76. Manifest Destiny is the belief that the United States should own all of the land between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent … It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air .”

John O Sullivan 1845

".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent … It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air .”

John O Sullivan 1845

““American American Progress” by John Progress” by John

Gast, 1872Gast, 1872

““American American Progress” by John Progress” by John

Gast, 1872Gast, 1872

Manifest Destiny


77. Westward Expansion - Draw an outline map of the US. Label the Oregon Trail, Santa Fe Trail, Mormon Trail, and California Trail.

See page 506 of textbook.


78. Reform movements like :

Public education promotes knowledge and skills that open the doors to opportunity.

“Education, then, beyond all other devices of human

origin, is the great equalizer of the conditions of men…”

Horace Mann, 1848(#41, 2004 TAKS)

Public Education


79. Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the Seneca Falls Convention, creating the Women’s Rights Movement in the United States.

Women join theabolitionistMovement.

Women areprevented from

Speaking publicly atAbolitionist meetings.

?

Ain’t I a woman?

Sojourner Truth

Women’s Rights

Movement

Women’s Rights Movement


80. The Temperance Movement was a campaign against the sale or drinking of alcohol.Temperance Movement


81. An abolitionist was a person who wanted to end slavery in the United States. Abolish - to get rid of.

Harriet Tubman helped over 300 slaves to freedom in the North

through the Underground Railroad.

William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison

Outspoken white Outspoken white abolitionistabolitionist

Founded Founded The LiberatorThe Liberator,, a an n anti-slavery magazine, in anti-slavery magazine, in

1831.1831.

abolitionist


82. The Compromise of 1850 would try to solve the divisions between free and slave states or territories.

The Fugitive Slave Act would upset Northerners.

The Compromise of 1850


83. Sectionalism is a strong sense of loyalty to a state

or section instead of to the whole

country.

Sectionalism


84. Frederick Douglass was a former slave who became a well-known

abolitionist in the country.

““The blessings in which you, this day, rejoice, are The blessings in which you, this day, rejoice, are not enjoyed in common….This Fourth of July is not enjoyed in common….This Fourth of July is

yoursyours not not minemine. You may rejoice, I must mourn.”. You may rejoice, I must mourn.”

- Frederick Douglass, speaking at a 4th of July - Frederick Douglass, speaking at a 4th of July celebration in 1852celebration in 1852

Frederick Douglass


85. Uncle Tom’s Cabin, an Anti-slavery novel

written by Harriet Beecher Stowe,

created widespread abolitionist support among Northerners.

I’m the little lady who started the great big war!

Tee-hee!

Uncle Tom’s Cabin


86. Dred Scott v. Sanford -1857 was the Supreme Court decision

that said slaves were property and not citizens and thus can’t sue in court. It would find the

Missouri Compromise of 1820 to be unconstitutional and aggravate sectional tensions between North

and South.

Taney & the Supreme Court are racial jerks! I

have been wronged!

Dred Scott v. Sanford


87. In 1859 John Brown, An abolitionist who

believed armed resistance to slavery

was necessary, seized a federal arsenal in

Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, in an attempt to begin a slave rebellion. He was

captured and later executed.

Grab a gun and free yourself!!!

I’ll be a hero to abolitionists everywhere!!

(#16, 2000 TAAS)

John Brown – Villain or Hero?

abolitionist


88. Jefferson Davis was the President of the Confederacy

during the Civil War.

Jefferson Davis


89. Abraham Lincoln 16th President of the United States (Union); served

during the Civil War

Has anyone seen my stovepipe hat?

Abraham Lincoln

Thanks.


90. Ulysses S. Grant was the General of the Union Army and

accepted Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Court House,

ending the Civil War.

Ulysses S Grant

“No other terms than unconditional and immediate surrender. I propose to move

immediately upon your works.”


91. Robert E. Lee was the General of the Confederate

Army. His defeat at Gettysburg would be a

turning point in the Civil War

Whiskey - I like it, I always did, and that is the reason I

never use it.

Never do a wrong thing to make a friend or

keep one.

Robert E. Lee


92. The first shots of the Civil War were fired at Fort Sumter - Charleston, South Carolina.

Edmund Ruffin

Pierre Teutante

BeauregardRobert

Anderson

Fort Sumter


93. The Battle of Gettysburg, July1-3,1863, was the turning point in the Civil War where Lee’s army is

defeated.

Hey, baby. Wanna check out my severed leg?

Battle of Gettysburg


94. The Gettysburg Address - speech given by Lincoln dedicating a cemetery for soldiers who died at the Battle of Gettysburg. It is considered to be a

profound statement of American ideals.


94. The Gettysburg Address -

speech given by Lincoln

dedicating a cemetery for

soldiers who died at the Battle of

Gettysburg. It is considered to be

a profound statement of

American ideals.3 Confed. prisoners at Gettysburg


95. The capture of Vicksburg,

Mississippi by the North in 1863,

was important because it gave the Union Army

control of the Mississippi River.

Vicksburg


96. Appomattox Court House, Virginia is where Robert E. Lee surrendered the Confederate Army to Ulysses S. Grant, ending

the Civil War.

Appomattox Court House


97. Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, setting all slaves

in the Confederate states free.

Emancipation Proclamation


98. Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address stated that, “no state…can

lawfully get out of the Union”, but pledged there would be no war

unless the South started it.

“no State upon its own mere motion can lawfully get out of the Union; that resolves and ordinances to that effect are

legally void…I therefore consider that in

view of the Constitution and the laws the Union is

unbroken”

http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/usconst.htm


99. Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address was meant to help heal and restore the country after four years of Civil War. It stated the South should be treated fairly.

With malice [hatred] toward none, with charity for all,…let us strive

on to…bind up the nation’s wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and…to do

all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace

among ourselves…


100. Primary Sources are the original records of an event. They include eyewitness reports,

records created at the time of an event, speeches, and letters by people involved in the

event, photographs and artifacts.

Secondary Sources are the later writings and interpretations of historians and writers. Often secondary sources, like textbooks and articles,

provide summaries of information found in primary sources.

History Rocks!!!

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