STAAR FACTS REVIEW(100 +FACTS)

DRILL AND KILL!(EDITED AND REVISED)

IN THIS YEAR, THE FIRST PERMANENT ENGISH

SETTLEMENT IN AMERICA WAS ESTABLISHED

1607

In this year the Pilgrims established Plymouth colony

and signed the Mayflower Compact.

1620

IN THIS YEAR, THE DECLARATION OF

INDEPENDENCE WAS SIGNED.

1776

IN THIS YEAR, THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION WAS

WRITTEN.

1787

IN THIS YEAR, THE LOUISIANA TERRITORY WAS PURCHASED

FROM FRANCE, DOUBLING THE SIZE OF THE UNITED STATES.

1803

THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR TOOK PLACE DURING THESE

YEARS.

1861-1865

THE FIRST PERMANENT ENGLISH SETTLEMENT IN

AMERICA.

JAMESTOWN

THE FIRST SHOTS OF THE AMERICAN REVOUTION WERE FIRED AT THESE TWO PLACES

ON APRIL 19, 1775.

LEXINGTON AND CONCORD, MASSACHUSETTS

This address was intended to help heal and restore the country after four years of Civil War.

Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address

THIS BATTLE IS CALLED THE TURNING POINT OF THE AMERICAN REVOUTION.

SARATOGA

THIS WAS THE FINAL BATTLE OF THE AMERICAN REVOUTION.

YORKTOWN (VIRGINIA)

The sharing of power between the state and national government.

FEDERALISM

THE FIRST SHOTS OF THE CIVIL WAR WERE FIRED HERE.

FORT SUMTER, CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA

THIS BATTLE WAS CALLED THE TURNING POINT OF THE CIVIL WAR BECAUSE THE SOUTH

WAS NEVER ABLE TO INVADE THE NORTH AGAIN.

GETTYSBURG (PENNSYLVANIA)

THIS BATTLE GAVE THE UNION ARMY CONTROL OF THE

MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND SPLIT THE CONFEDERACY IN TWO.

VICKSBURG (MISSISSIPPI)

THIS IS THE PLACE WHERE GENERAL LEE SURRENDERED THE CONFEDERATE ARMY TO GENERAL GRANT ON APRIL 9,

1865.

APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE, VIRGINIA

THIS IS A TAX PLACED ON GOODS BROUGHT INTO A

COUNTRY.

TARIFF

The later writings and interpretations of historians and writers such as textbooks

Secondary sources

THIS IS A TAX PLACED ON GOODS FROM ANOTHER

COUNTRY TO PROTECT THE HOME INDUSTRY.

PROTECTIVE TARIFF

THIS MEANS A STRONG SENSE OF LOYALTY TO A STATE OR

SECTION INSTEAD OF THE WHOLE COUNTRY.

SECTIONALISM

THE BELIEF THAT THE UNITED STATES SHOULD OWN ALL THE LAND BETWEEN THE ATLANTIC

OCEAN AND THE PACIFIC OCEAN.

MANIFEST DESTINY

THIS IS THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE SALE OR

DRINKING OF ALCOHOL.

TEMPERANCE

A SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICH VOTERS ELECT

REPRESENTATIVES TO MAKE LAWS FOR THEM.

REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT

THE FIRST REPRESENTATIVE ASSEMBLY IN AMERICA.

VIRGINIA HOUSE OF BURGESSES

EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE, JUDICIAL.

THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT

A SYSTEM SET UP BY THE CONSTITUTION IN WHICH EACH

BRANCH OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAS THE POWER TO CHECK, OR

CONTROL, THE ACTIONS OF THE OTHER BRANCHES.

CHECKS AND BALANCES

A SYSTEM IN WHICH EACH BRANCH OF THE GOVERNMENT

HAS ITS OWN POWERS.

SEPARATION OF POWERS

THE PRACTICE OF ALLOWING EACH TERRITORY OF THE

UNITED STATES TO DECIDE FOR ITSELF WHETHER OR NOT

TO HAVE SLAVERY.

POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

A WORD WHICH MEANS TO CHANGE.

AMEND

CRUEL AND UNJUST GOVERNMENT.

TYRANNY

A FORM OF GOVERNMENT THAT IS RUN BY THE PEOPLE

GIVING THE PEOPLE SUPREME POWER.

DEMOCRACY

The refusal to obey a government law or laws as a means of passive resistance as a result of one’s moral conviction or belief, such as Henry David Thoreau’s refusal to pay a tax which he thought would be used for an unjust cause.

CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

THIS WORD MEANS TO APPROVE BY VOTE.

RATIFY

THE RIGHT OF THE SUPREME COURT TO JUDGE LAWS

PASSED BY CONGRESS AND DETERMINE WHETHER THEY

ARE CONSTITUTIONAL OR NOT.

JUDICIAL REVIEW

THE IDEA OF A STATE DECLARING A FEDERAL LAW

ILLEGAL.

NULLIFICATION

THE ORIGINAL RECORDS OF AN EVENT, SUCH AS EYEWITNESS

REPORTS, SPEECHES, LETTERS, ETC.

PRIMARY SOURCE

THIS ADDRESS BY GEORGE WASHINGTON ADVISED THE UNITED STATES TO “STAY

NEUTRAL IN RELATION WITH OTHER NATIONS” AND AVOID “ENTANGLING ALLIANCES.”

WASHINGTON’S FAREWELL ADDRESS

THIS TREATY ENDED THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION AND

FORCED BRITAIN TO RECOGNIZE THE UNITED

STATES AS AN INDEPENDENT NATION.

TREATY OF PARIS, 1783

A POLICY FOR ESTABLISHING PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES FOR THE ORDERLY EXPANSION

OF THE U.S. BY DESCRIBING HOW A TERRITORY BECAME A

NEW STATE.

NORTHWEST ORDINANCE

THE AGREEMENT, SIGNED BY THE PILGRIMS IN 1620 AT

PLYMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS, TO CONSULT EACH OTHER

ABOUT LAWS FOR THE COLONY AND PROMISE TO

WORK TOGETHER TO MAKE IT SUCCEED.

MAYFLOWER COMPACT

A PAMPHLET WRITTEN BY THOMAS PAINE TO CONVINCE THE COLONISTS THAT IT WAS

TIME TO BECOME INDEPENDENT FROM

ENGLAND.

COMMON SENSE

THE FIRST TEN AMENDMENTS OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTION

WHICH DETAIL THE PROTECTION OF INDIVIDUAL

LIBERTIES.

BILL OF RIGHTS

A SHORT SPEECH GIVEN BY ABRAHAM LINCOLN TO

DEDICATE A CEMETARY FOR SOLDIERS WHO DIED AT THE

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

GETTYSBURG ADDRESS

ISSUED BY ABRAHAM LINCOLN ON JANUARY 1, 1863, THIS

DOCUMENT FREED ALL THE SLAVES IN THE ELEVEN CONFEDERATE STATES.

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

IN THIS ADDRESS, LINCOLN STATED THAT “ NO STATE… CAN LAWFULLY GET OUT OF

THE UNION,” BUT PLEDGED NO WAR UNLESS THE SOUTH

STARTED IT.

LINCOLN’S FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS

THIS AGREEMENT CREATED TWO HOUSES OF CONGRESS, ONE BASED ON POPULATION AND THE OTHER ON EQUAL

REPRESENTATION FOR EACH STATE.

THE GREAT COMPROMISE

THIS MAN WAS A FOUNDER OF THE SONS OF LIBERTY AND

URGED A BOYCOTT TO SUPPORT AMERICAN

INDEPENDENCE.

SAMUEL ADAMS

AN INVENTOR, STATESMAN, DIPLOMAT, SIGNER OF THE

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, DELEGATE TO

THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION AND THE

AMERICAN AMBASSADOR TO FRANCE DURING THE

REVOUTION.

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

Served in the Continental Army, fought at Saratoga, and became the first African-American to serve in Congress

WENTWORTH CHESWELL

THE KING OF ENGLAND DURING THE AMERICAN

REVOLUTION.

KING GEORGE III

AUTHOR OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, THIRD PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED

STATES AND PURCHASER OF THE LOUISIANA TERRITORY.

THOMAS JEFFERSON

African-American spy for the Patriots during the American Revolution.

JAMES ARMISTEAD

AUTHOR OF COMMON SENSE AND THE CRISIS.

THOMAS PAINE

THE LEADER OF THE CONTINENTAL ARMY DURING

THE REVOLUTION WHO LATER BECAME THE FIRST PRESIDENT

OF THE UNITED STATES.

GEORGE WASHINGTON

American banker and Patriot. He made loans to the U.S. government and army during the Revolution.

HAYM SALOMON

Governor of Spanish Louisiana who sent aid to the Patriots during the Revolution.

BERNARDO DE GALVEZ

THE CHANGE FROM MAKING GOODS BY HAND TO MAKING

THEM BY MACHINE.

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

THIS MEETING WAS HELD FOR THE PURPOSE OF REVISNG

THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION, BUT

INSTEAD IT CREATED A WHOLE NEW PLAN OF GOVERNMENT

FOR THE UNITED STATES.

PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION OR CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OF 1787

THE LEADER OF THE ORIGINAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY AND A

“PRESIDENT OF THE PEOPLE”. HE WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR

THE TRAIL OF TEARS AND WAS NICKNAMED “OLD HICKORY”.

ANDREW JACKSON

A SOUTH CAROLINA CONGRESSMAN AND SENATOR WHO SPOKE FOR THE SOUTH BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR. HE

CREATED THE IDEA OF NULLIFICATION.

JOHN C. CALHOUN

THE POWERFUL KENTUCKY CONGRESSMAN AND SENATOR

WHO PROPOSED THE AMERICAN SYSTEM AND THE

COMPROMISE OF 1850. NICKNAMED “THE GREAT

COMPROMISER”.

HENRY CLAY

A MASSACHUSETTS CONGRESSMAN AND SENATOR WHO SPOKE FOR THE NORTH AND THE UNION 1830-1850. HE MADE THE FAMOUS “SECOND REPLY TO HAYNE” SPEECH.

DANIEL WEBSTER

PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERACY DURING THE

CIVIL WAR.

JEFFERSON DAVIS

THE GENERAL OF THE UNION ARMY OF THE POTOMAC WHO

WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR WINNING THE CIVIL WAR FOR

THE NORTH.

ULYSSES S. GRANT

THE GENERAL OF THE CONFEDERATE ARMY OF

NORTHERN VIRGINIA, WHO SURRENDERED TO GRANT ON

APRIL 9, 1865 AT APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE, VIRGINIA.

ROBERT E. LEE

THE SIXTEENTH PRESIDENTOF THE UNITED STATES WHO SUCCESSFULLY PUT THE

UNION BACK TOGETHER AND WAS ASSASSINATED FIVE

DAYS AFTER THE CIVIL WAR ENDED.

ABRAHAM LINCOLN

African-American Congressional Medal of Honor winner who took part in the attack on Fort Wagner during the Civil War.

SERGEANT WILLIAM CARNEY

The first African-American to serve in the U.S. Senate

HIRAM RHODES REVELS

Hispanic sailor who won the Congressional Medal of Honor and aided the Union victory in the Civil War.

PHILLIP BAZAAR

LEADER OF THE FEDERALIST PARTY, FIRST TREASURER OF

THE UNITED STATES, CREATOR OF THE BANK OF THE UNITED

STATES, KILLED IN A DUEL WITH VICE-PRESIDENT AARON

BURR.

ALEXANDER HAMILTON

A PASSIONATE VIRGINIA PATRIOT WHO BECAME FAMOUS FOR HIS FIERY

SPEECHES FOR AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. HIS MOST FAMOUS ENDED WITH “GIVE

ME LIBERTY OR GIVE ME DEATH!” HE WAS LATER A LEADING ANTIFEDERALIST.

PATRICK HENRY

FOURTH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, PRESIDENT DURING THE WAR OF 1812,

CALLED “THE FATHER OF THE CONSTITUTION.”

JAMES MADISON

A FORMER SLAVE WHO WAS THE BEST-KNOWN BLACK

ABOLITIONIST, HE PUBLISHED A NEWSPAPER CALLED THE

NORTH STAR.

FREDERICK DOUGLASS

FIFTH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES DURING THE

“ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS”, HE ISSUED THE MONROE

DOCTRINE FOREIGN POLICY STATEMENT.

JAMES MONROE

AN ESCAPED SLAVE WHO BECAME THE MOST FAMOUS

“CONDUCTOR” ON THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

AND HELPED OVER 300 SLAVES TO FREEDOM IN THE NORTH.

HER NICKNAME WAS “MOSES”.

HARRIET TUBMAN

WITH HELP FROM SUSAN B. ANTHONY AND LUCRETIA

MOTT, SHE ORGANIZED THE SENECA FALLS CONVENTION,

CREATING THE FIRST ORGANIZED WOMEN’S RIGHTS

MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES.

ELIZABETH CADY STANTON

THIS AMENDMENT GAVE CITIZENSHIP TO ALL FORMER

SLAVES.

FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT

THIS AMENDMENT CONTAINS THE LIST OF THE “FIVE

FREEDOMS”.

FIRST AMENDMENT

THIS AMENDMENT ABOLISHED SLAVERY.

THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT

THIS IS ANOTHER WORD FOR THE RIGHT TO VOTE

SUFFRAGE

THIS AMENDMENT GAVE THE RIGHT TO VOTE TO AFRICAN

AMERICAN MALES.

FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT

THE 1803 SUPREME COURT CASE WHICH GAVE THE COURT

THE POWER OF JUDICIAL REVIEW.

MARBURY v. MADISON

THIS 1857 SUPREME COURT DECISION SAID THAT SLAVES

WERE PROPERTY AND NOT CITIZENS.

DRED SCOTT v. SANDFORD

THE INVENTOR OF THE COTTON GIN AND

INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS.

ELI WHITNEY

NAME GIVEN TO ONE WHO SUPPORTED THE AMERICAN

CAUSE DURING THE REVOLUTION.

PATRIOT

NAME GIVEN TO ONE WHO REMAINED LOYAL TO THE KING

OF ENGLAND DURING THE AMERICAN REVOUTION.

LOYALIST OR TORY

INVENTOR OF THE TELEGRAPH AND THE CODE IT USED.

SAMUEL F.B. MORSE

INVENTOR OF THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL STEAMBOAT,

THE CLERMONT, IN 1807.

ROBERT FULTON

THREE OUT OF EVERY FIVE SLAVES WOULD COUNT FOR

BOTH POPULATION AND TAXATION.

THREE-FIFTHS COMPROMISE

THIS MEETING, HELD IN SENECA FALLS, NEW YORK,

WAS HELD TO DISCUSS WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND CALLED

FOR THE RIGHT TO VOTE.

SENECA FALLS CONVENTION

THIS LAND BUY, MADE FROM FRANCE IN 1803, DOUBLED THE SIZE OF THE UNITED STATES.

LOUISIANA PURCHASE

THE FIRST POLITICAL PARTY, HEADED BY ALEXANDER

HAMILTON AND FAVORING A LOOSE INTERPRETATION OF

THE CONSTITUTION.

THE FEDERALIST PARTY

THE POLITICAL PARTY HEADED BY JEFFERSON AND MADISON

WHICH FAVORED A STRICT INTERPRETATION OF THE

CONSTITUTION.

DEMOCRATIC- REPUBLICANS

A NATION IN WHICH VOTERS CHOOSE REPRESENTATIVES

TO GOVERN THEM.

REPUBLIC

THE MOST FAMOUS WHITE ABOLITIONIST AND PUBLISHER

OF HIS NEWSPAPER, THE LIBERATOR.

WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON

THE SORROWFUL FORCED JOURNEY OF THE CHEROKEE

INDIANS FROM THEIR HOMELANDS IN GEORGIA TO THE OKLAHOMA TERRITORY AS A RESULT OF JACKSON’S INDIAN REMOVAL POLICIES.

THE TRAIL OF TEARS

THE SUPREME COURT DECISION ALLOWING THE

CHEROKEE INDIANS TO STAY ON THEIR HOMELANDS IN

GEORGIA, BUT WHICH JACKSON IGNORED AND

FORCIBLY REMOVED THEM.

WORCESTER v. GEORGIA

AUTHOR OF UNCLE TOM’S CABIN

HARRIET BEECHER STOWE

A series of essays, written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay, supporting and defending the new Constitution.

THE FEDERALIST PAPERS

This could be the slogan of the American Revolution.

“No taxation without representation!”

Drew an imaginary line down the crest of the Appalachian Mountains and forbade the

colonists to settle beyond it.

PROCLAMATION OF 1763