1. which feature would most likely be forming at converging...

DC Practice Test

Dynamic Crust PRACTICE TEST Zimm's Earth Science 2013

1. Which feature would most likely be forming at converging continental tectonic plate boundaries?

A. rift valley B. deep trench C. volcanic cone D. uplifted mountain

2. Which landform would most likely be created when two oceanic plates converge?

A. a volcanic island arc B. a large watershed area

C. a smooth continental shelf D. a chain of continental mountains

3. A rift valley is evidence of which kind of plate boundary?

A. convergent B. divergent C. transform D. uniform

4. The convergence of two continental plates would produce

A. island arcs. B. rift valleys. C. folded mountains. D. trenches.

5. The Richter scale measures which of the following earthquake characteristics?

A. intensity B. magnitude C. frequency D. probability

6. If the locations of earthquakes over the past 10 years were plotted on a world map, which of the following would be observed?

A. Earthquakes occur with the same frequency everywhere on Earth.

B. Earthquakes generally occur along the edges of tectonic plates.

C. Earthquakes most frequently occur near the middle of continents.

D. Earthquakes do not seem to occur in any consistent pattern.

page 1

Earth scientists use theories and principles to help determine the relative age and formation of rocksand landforms.

Superposition Younger sedimentary rock layers are generallyfound on top of older rock layers.

Cross-cutting Faults and igneous intrusions are younger thanthe rock they cut through.

Unconformities An eroded surface that separates older rocksbelow from younger rocks above.

Dynamic Crust PRACTICE TEST page 2 DC Practice Test

7.

cross section view

How was the mountain shown above most likely formed?

A. Plates A and B are moving towards each other. B. Plates A and B are moving apart from each other.

C. Plate A is moving away and Plate B is stationary. D. Plate A is stationary and Plate B is moving away.

8. A geologist checks her seismometer for activity after an earthquake that occurs on the other side of Earth. The instrument recordsP-waves, but not S-waves.

What statement explains why S-waves are not recorded?

A. Seismometers do not record evidence of S-waves. B. S-waves travel in a different direction than P-waves.

C. The earthquake was not strong enough to produce S-waves. D. The S-waves were stopped by a liquid interior layer.

9. Use the diagram below to answer the following question.

On the Atlantic Ocean floor, there is a long ridge of underwater mountains caused by volcanic eruptions. New volcanoes keeperupting, and new mountains keep forming. Why is this happening?

A. A new continent is forming. B. The ocean floor is spreading.

C. Earth’s center is becoming hotter. D. Crustal plates are colliding.

10. The best evidence that the continents were once connected is that they have matching

A. weather, fossils, and rock types. B. rock types, fossils, and coastlines.

C. coastlines, weather, and rock types. D. coastlines, weather, and fossils.


11. The Hawaiian Islands are younger on the eastern end than on the western end of the chain.

What is causing the age differences among the islands?

A. Two crustal plates are colliding. B. A divergent boundary exists in the ocean floor.

C. An ocean plate is moving southeast across a hot spot. D. An ocean plate is moving northwest across a hot spot.

12. Use the information and figures below to answer the following question(s).

Rock Layers

The two figures below show rock layers that have been affected by Earth processes. The thin arrows on the block in Figure 1 showdirection of movement. The thicker arrows on both Figures 1 and 2 show the direction of forces that acted on the original flat layers.

Which plate boundary feature is associated with the compressive forces shown in Figure 2?

A. continental rift valley where one plate is splitting apart

B. midocean ridge where two plates are moving away from each other

C. high folded mountains where two plates are pushing toward each other

D. strike-slip faulting where two plates are sliding sideways past each other

13. Compared to the continental crust, the oceanic crust is

A. thicker B. more dense C. more granitic D. more felsic


14. Why is Earth’s outer core inferred to be a liquid?

A. P-waves can pass through the outer core. B. P-waves cannot pass through the outer core.

C. S-waves can pass through the outer core. D. S-waves cannot pass through the outer core.

15. The accompanying diagram shows some features of Earth’s crust and upper mantle.

Which model most accurately shows the movements (arrows) associated with the surface features shown in the diagram?

A. B.

C. D.

16. Scientists have inferred the structure of Earth’s interior mainly by analyzing

A. the Moon’s interior B. the Moon’s composition C. Earth’s surface features D. Earth’s seismic data

17. In which Earth layer are most convection currents that cause seafloor spreading thought to be located?

A. crust B. asthenosphere C. outer core D. inner core


18. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the map below. The map shows point X, which is the location of an earthquakeepicenter, and point A, which is the location of a seismic station.

Approximately how long did the earthquake’s P-wave take to arrive at the seismic station?

A. 3 min 40 sec B. 5 min 10 sec C. 6 min 20 sec D. 11 min 5 sec

19. Which statement best describes the arrival of the initial S-wave at the seismic station?

A. It arrived later than the P-wave because S-waves travel more slowly

B. It arrived earlier than the P-wave because S-waves travel faster

C. It arrived at the same velocity on Earth’s surface

D. It never reached location A because S-waves can travel only through a liquid medium

20. Which cross-sectional diagram of Earth correctly shows the paths of seismic waves from an earthquake traveling through Earth’sinterior?

A. B.

C. D.


21. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the map and seismograms below, and yourknowledge of Earth science. The map shows seismic stations in Chicago, Denver, Oklahoma City, and Tampa that recorded data froman earthquake. Seismograms A, B, C, and D show, in Greenwich time, the arrival times of the earthquake waves at the four stations.

Which seismograph was recorded at Tampa?

A. seismogram A B. seismogram B C. seismogram C D. seismogram D

22. What was the origin time of this earthquake?

A. 2:33:00 am B. 2:34:40 am C. 2:35:40 am D. 2:37:00 am

23. The P-wave generated by this earthquake took 2 minutes and 40 seconds to reach one of the seismic stations. Approximately howlong did the S-wave take to reach the same seismic station?

A. 1 minute 20 seconds B. 2 minutes 40 seconds C. 3 minutes 30 seconds D. 4 minutes 50 seconds

24. What is the minimum number of seismic stations needed to locate most earthquake epicenters?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4


25. The accompanying diagram shows data received at a seismic station following an earthquake.

The distance from this seismic station to the epicenter of the earthquake is approximately

A. 1,300 km B. 2,600 km C. 3,400 km D. 5,000 km

26. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the earthquake seismogram below.

When did the first P-waves arrive at this seismic station?

A. 3 minutes after an earthquake occurred 2,600 km away B. 5 minutes after an earthquake occurred 2,600 km away

C. 9 minutes after an earthquake occurred 3,500 km away D. 11 minutes after an earthquake occurred 3,500 km away

27. How many additional seismic stations must report seismogram information in order to locate this earthquake?

A. one B. two C. three D. four

28. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below, which shows models of two types of earthquake waves.

Model A best represents the motion of earthquake waves called

A. P-waves (compressional waves) that travel faster than S-waves (shear waves) shown in model B

B. P-waves (compressional waves) that travel slower than S-waves (shear waves) shown in model B

C. S-waves (shear waves) that travel faster than P-waves (compressional waves) shown in model B

D. S-waves (shear waves) that travel slower than P-waves (compressional waves) shown in model B


29. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the cross-sectional view of Earth below, which shows seismic waves traveling fromthe focus of an earthquake. Points A and B are locations on Earth’s surface.

Which statement best explains why only one type of seismic wave was recorded at location B?

A. S-waves cannot travel through the liquid outer core. B. S-waves cannot travel through the liquid inner core.

C. P-waves cannot travel through the solid outer core. D. P-waves cannot travel through the solid inner core.

30. A seismic station located at point A is 5400 kilometers away from the epicenter of the earthquake. If the arrival time for the P-waveat point A was 2:00 pm, the arrival time for the S-wave at point A was approximately

A. 1:53 pm B. 2:07 pm C. 2:09 pm D. 2:16 pm

31. What is the direct cause of most earthquakes?

A. gravitational pull on bedrock by the Moon B. deposition of sediment in lakes and oceans

C. movement of bedrock along a fault line D. heat exchange between the crust and the atmosphere


32. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the passage and map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The passageprovides some information about the sediments under Portland, Oregon, and the map shows where Portland is located.

Bad seismic combination under Portland:Earthquake faults and jiggly sediment

Using a technique called seismic profiling, researchers have foundevidence of ancient earthquake faults under Portland, Oregon. The faultsmay still be active, a USGS [United States Geological Survey] seismologistwill announce tomorrow.

The research also turned up a 250-foot deep layer of silt and mud, deepunder the city, which may have been caused by a catastrophic ice dam breaksome 15,000 years ago.

The two findings could together mean bad news, as soft sediment isknown to amplify ground shaking during strong earthquakes. In the 1989San Francisco earthquake, much of the damage to buildings was causedby liquefaction, a shaking and sinking of sandy, watersaturated soil alongwaterways. . . .

—Robert Roy Brittexcerpted from

“Bad sesimic combination under Portland:Earthquake faults and jiggly sediment”

explorezone.com 05/03/99

Explain why Portland is likely to experience a major earthquake.

33. Why is the presence of a layer of silt and mud deep under the city a danger to Portland?


34. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The map shows thelocation of the epicenter, , of an earthquake that occurred on April 20, 2002, about 29 kilometers southwest of Plattsburgh, New

York.

State the latitude and longitude of this earthquake epicenter. Express your answers to the nearest tenth of a degree and include thecompass directions.

35. What is the minimum number of seismographic stations needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake?

36. Explain why this earthquake was most likely felt with greater intensity by people in Peru, New York, than by people in Lake Placid,New York.


37. The block diagram below shows a tectonic plate boundary. Points A and B represent locations on Earth’s surface.

Which graph best shows the depths of most major earthquakes whose epicenters lie between A and B?

A. B. C. D.

38. An earthquake’s magnitude can be determined by

A. analyzing the seismic waves recorded by a seismograph B. calculating the depth of the earthquake faulting

C. calculating the time the earthquake occurred D. comparing the speed of P-waves and S-waves


39. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the map below and the cross sections on the next page. The map shows a portionof the Indian Ocean and surrounding landmasses. The location of the epicenter of a large undersea earthquake that occurred onDecember 26, 2004, is shown by an X. The isolines surrounding the epicenter show the approximate location of the first tsunami waveproduced by this earthquake in half-hour intervals after the initial earthquake. Cross sections I and II illustrate how this underseaearthquake produced the tsunami. Cross section III shows the tsunami approaching a shoreline. The cross sections are not drawn toscale.

According to the map, how long after this earthquake did the first tsunami wave arrive at Bengkulu, Sumatra?


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Dynamic Crust PRACTICE TEST DC Practice Test Zimm's Earth Science 2013 10/08/2013

1.Answer: D

2.Answer: A

3.Answer: B

4.Answer: C

5.Answer: B

6.

7.Answer: A

8.Answer: D

9.Answer: B

10.Answer: B

11.Answer: D

12.Answer: C

13.Answer: B

14.Answer: D

15.Answer: A

16.Answer: D

17.Answer: B

18.Answer: C

19.Answer: A

20.Answer: D

21.Answer: C

22.Answer: A

23.Answer: D

24.Answer: C

25.Answer: C

26.Answer: B

27.Answer: B

28.Answer: A

29.Answer: A

30.Answer: B

31.Answer: C

32.

33.

34.Answer: 44.5◦ N (latitude) and 73.7◦ W

(longitude).

35.Answer: 3 or three

36.Answer: Peru is closer to the epicenter.

37.Answer: A

38.Answer: A

39.Answer: any value from 1 hr 32 min to 1 hr 42

min.

1. which feature would most likely be forming at converging...

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