1. homeostasis is often maintained by feedback loops that involve a. gastrulation. b. feedback...
TRANSCRIPT
1. Homeostasis is often maintained by feedback loops that involve
A. gastrulation.
B. feedback inhibition.
C. spontaneous generation.
D. equilibrium.
2. Animals respond to events in their environments using specialized cells called
A. muscle cells.
B. nerve cells.
C. gametes.
D. blood cells.
3. A characteristic that all animals share is being
A. heterotrophic.
B. autotrophic.
C. prokaryotic.
D. anaerobic.
4. Excretion is a function of all animals that involves
A. exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
B. transport of material from one part of the body to another.
C. digestion and absorption of food molecules.
D. removal of metabolic wastes.
5. One major trend in animal evolution has been
A. the simplification of body organ systems.
B. an increase in the degree of cephalization.
C. a shift from bilateral symmetry to radial symmetry.
D. disappearance of the blastula stage in early development.
6. In sponges, a spike-shaped structure made of chalklike calcium carbonate or glasslike silica is a(an)
A. spicule.
B. archaeocyte.
C. choanocyte.
D. epidermal cell.
7. An immature stage of an organism that looks different from the adult form is a(an)
A. gemmule.
B. larva.
C. archaeocyte.
D. choanocyte.
8. Specialized cells that use flagella to move water through the sponge are
A. gemmules.
B. pores.
C. spicules.
D. choanocytes.
9. Sponges are
A. detritivores.
B. carnivores.
C. filter feeders.
D. herbivores.
10. Sponges can reproduce
A. sexually only.
B. asexually only.
C. both sexually and asexually.
D. by metamorphosis.
11. The characteristic that defines the cnidarians is
A. bilateral symmetry.
B. stinging cells.
C. a gastrovascular cavity.
D. cephalization.
12. Which of the following statements is generally true of polyps and medusas?
A. Polyps are sessile, and medusas are motile.
B. Polyps are motile, and medusas are sessile.
C. Both polyps and medusas are sessile.
D. Both polyps and medusas are motile.
13. During the life cycle of Aurelia, the zygote grows into a free-swimming
A. polyp.
B. larva.
C. medusa.
D. gemmule.
14. Cnidarians, such as the sea anemone, move using
A. water currents.
B. an exoskeleton.
C. a hydrostatic skeleton.
D. an endoskeleton.
15. Groups of sensory cells that help cnidarians determine the direction of gravity are known as
A. nerve nets.
B. statocysts.
C. ocelli.
D. cnidocytes.
16. Flatworms are the simplest animals to have
A. two germ layers.
B. bilateral symmetry.
C. radial symmetry.
D. two openings in the digestive system.
17. An individual that has both male and female reproductive organs is known as a
A. turbellarian.
B. proglottid.
C. hermaphrodite.
D. parasite.
18. The function of flame cells in flatworms is to
A. digest food and move it to various parts of the body.
B. detect the presence of chemicals in the surroundings.
C. remove excess water and metabolic wastes.
D. move reproductive cells into position for fertilization.
19. A flatworm that lacks a digestive tract is the
A. planarian.
B. free-living flatworm.
C. tapeworm.
D. fluke.
20. Turbellarians (Planarians) differ from most other flatworms because they
A. live freely on land.
B. live freely in fresh and salt water.
C. are marine parasites.
D. are land-dwelling parasites.
21. In roundworms, the body cavity that forms between the endoderm and mesoderm is the
A. ganglion.
B. hydrostatic skeleton.
C. pseudocoelom.
D. coelom.
22. All of the following are parasitic roundworms EXCEPT
A. tapeworms
B. filarial worms
C. hookworms
D. ascarid worms
23. Characteristics of roundworms include a digestive system with
A. one opening and a pseudocoelom.
B. one opening but no pseudocoelom.
C. two openings and a pseudocoelom.
D. two openings but no pseudocoelom.
24. Gas exchange and excretion of metabolic wastes in roundworms occurs
A.via a complex system of alveoli.
B. through their body walls.
C. through excretory tubules.
D. by flame cells.
25. The roundworms called ascarids cause harm by
A. causing serious body swelling.
B. burrowing into body tissues and causing pain.
C. causing malnutrition.
D. causing weakness and poor growth.
26. In the earthworm, food is absorbed in an organ called the
A. intestine.
B. crop.
C. gizzard.
D. clitellum.
27. Annelids differ from other worm phyla because they haveA. segmented bodies and a true
coelom.B. unsegmented bodies and a
pseudocoelom.C. mesoderm and one opening in
the digestive system.D. segmented bodies and one
opening in the digestive system.
28. How many major blood vessels does an earthworm have?
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. none
29. Ecologically, one of the most beneficial functions of an earthworm is to
A. providing food and habitats for tropical fish.
B. sucking the blood of living animals.
C. aerating and fertilizing the soil.
D. killing pest insects that inhabit the soil.
30. In an earthworm, the thickened bank of specialized segments used in reproduction (secretes cocoon) is the
A. nephridia.
B. gizzard.
C. clitellum.
D. seta.
31. The trochophore larva is a characteristic that mollusks share with
A. flatworms.
B. roundworms.
C. annelids.
D. flukes.
32. Water enters and leaves the body of a bivalve through
A. a siphon.
B. cilia.
C. a coelom.
D. a nephridium.
33. The most active group of mollusks is the
A. gastropods.
B. bivalves.
C. cephalopods.
D. shell-less gastropods.
34. Unlike the other mollusks, cephalopods have a(an)
A. closed circulatory system.
B. ventral blood vessel.
C. open circulatory system.
D. dorsal blood vessel.
35. The body plan of almost all mollusks includes all of the following EXCEPT a
A. foot.
B. mantle.
C. shell.
D. radula.
36. The mouthparts of arthropods are
A. similar in all species.
B. adapted to enable different species to eat different foods.
C. adapted to enable different species to respire in different ways.
D. useful for locomotion as well as feeding.
37. Arthropods have open circulatory systems, which means that blood
A. leaves the blood vessels, flows through sinuses, and then returns to the heart.
B. flows from the heart directly into sinuses and then returns to the heart.
C. never leaves the circulatory system.
D. vessels open to the external environment.
38. Characteristics which define the arthropods include
A. an endoskeleton made of chitin and jointed appendages.
B. an endoskeleton made of chitin and six pairs of appendages.
C. an exoskeleton made of chitin and jointed appendages.
D. an exoskeleton made of chitin and Malpighian tubules.
39. What type(s) of fertilization do terrestrial arthropods have?
A. internal
B. external
C. both internal and external
D. hermaphroditic
40. What happens to the exoskeleton of an arthropod as the animal grows?
A. It remains soft until the animal reaches adulthood.
B. It develops additional body segments.
C. It softens and stretches to a larger size.
D. It is discarded and replaced by a new, larger exoskeleton.
41. The two main groups of chelicerates are
A. spiders and scorpions.
B. horseshoe crabs and spiders.
C. horseshoe crabs and arachnids.
D. arachnids and insects.
42. Insects are part of the group
A. crustaceans.
B. uniramians.
C. chelicerates.
D. diplopods.
43. Most mites and ticks are
A. parasites.
B. predators.
C. herbivores.
D. detritivores.
44. Which of the following is NOT a typical crustacean characteristic?
A. either two or three body segments
B. chewing mouthparts called mandibles
C. chelicerae that paralyze prey
D. two pairs of antennae
45. Spiders are considered arachnids because they have
A. two major body segments and six legs.
B. three major body segments and eight legs.
C. two major body segments and eight legs.
D. three major body segments and six legs.
46. How many body parts do insects have?
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
47. Which group contains the most species?
A. vertebrates
B. nonvertebrate invertebrates
C. noninsect arthropods
D. insects
48. Characteristics shared by typical insects include
A. six walking legs and one pair of wings.
B. six walking legs and two pairs of wings.
C. eight walking legs and one pair of wings.
D. eight walking legs and two pairs of wings.
49. The immature form of an insect that undergoes incomplete metamorphosis is called a(n)
A. larva.
B. nymph.
C. pupa.
D. embryo.
50. Which of the following species form complex societies?
A. butterflies
B. ants
C. locusts
D. flies
51. The body plan of echinoderms is unusual in that adult echinoderms
A. lack cephalization.
B. lack a nervous system.
C. lack cephalization and cannot move.
D. lack radial symmetry.
52. The larvae of echinoderms are
A. not symmetrical.
B. radially symmetrical.
C. bilaterally symmetrical.
D. spherically symmetrical.
53. The water vascular system of echinoderms opens to the environment through the
A. tube feet.
B. siphon.
C. madreporite.
D. mouth.
54. The crown-of-thorns sea star is a major threat to
A. marine algae.
B. coral reefs.
C. sea cucumbers.
D. bottom-dwelling fish.
55. All of the following are echinoderms EXCEPT
A. sea stars.
B. horseshoe crabs.
C. sea cucumbers.
D. sand dollars and sea urchins.
56. According to the most recent studies of animal fossils, which of the following is correct?
A. Annelids with a true coelom appeared before cnidarians with two germ layers.
B. Radial symmetry appears in cnidarians and adult echinoderms.
C. Protostome development appears after deuterostome development.
D. Bilateral symmetry appears before tissues.
57. Acoelomates lack
A. tissues.
B. a coelom.
C. bilateral symmetry.
D. specialized cells.
58. Worms, mollusks, and arthropods exhibit
A. bilateral symmetry.
B. radial symmetry.
C. no internal specialization.
D. similar larval forms.
59. In most invertebrates, the zygote divides repeatedly to form a
A. coelom.
B. digestive tract.
C. blastula.
D. mesoderm.
60. The animal group that has no germ layers, body symmetry, cephalization, or coelom is the
A. flatworms.
B. annelids.
C. sponges.
D. cnidarians.
61. Flatworms eliminate excess water using a network of
A. flame cells.
B. Malpighian tubules.
C. nephridia.
D. madrepores.
62. A hydrostatic skeleton is found in the
A. annelids.
B. echinoderms.
C. arthropods.
D. insects.
63. Complex animals break down food using
A. intracellular digestion.
B. extracellular digestion.
C. intracellular digestion and extracellular digestion.
D. digestion outside of the body.
64. Which structures are involved in gas exchange in one or more groups of invertebrates?
A. ganglia, brain, and nerve cells
B. gills, book lung, skin, and tracheal tubes
C. nephridia, flame cells, and nephrostomes
D. pharynx, crop, and intestine
65. Which groups have only one entrance and exit point to the digestive system?
A. annelids and echinoderms
B. arthropods and roundworms
C. mollusks and sponges
D. flatworms and cnidarians
66. A characteristic of most, but not all, chordates is
A. pharyngeal pouches.
B. a backbone.
C. a hollow nerve cord.
D. a tail that extends beyond the anus.
67. In vertebrates, the developing backbone replaces the
A. pharyngeal pouches.
B. hollow nerve cord.
C. notochord.
D. siphon and tunic.
68. Due to their development, to which group of vertebrates are tunicates most closely related?
A. amphibians
B. fishes
C. reptiles
D. mammals
69. An animal that retains a notochord as an adult is a
A. tunicate.
B. lancelet.
C. fish.
D. reptile.
70. In the lancelet, the pharynx and gill slits are used for
A. feeding and gas exchange.
B. reproduction and excretion.
C. circulation and sensory detection.
D. movement and digestion.
71. A characteristic of almost all fish is
A. a notocord as an adult.
B. the presence of scales.
C. a skeleton made of cartilage.
D. the lack of jaws.
72. Fishes whose eggs hatch outside the mother’s body are
A. ovoviviparous.
B. oviparous.
C. viviparous.
D. parous.
73. Salmon are anadromous fishes that
A. spend their lives in the sea.
B. spend their lives in rivers or streams.
C. migrate to the sea in order to spawn.
D. migrate to rivers and streams to spawn.
74. An example of a fish that is a filter feeder as a larva and a parasite as an adult is a
A. shark.
B. skate.
C. lamprey.
D. lungfish.
75. Most members of the class containing sharks and rays are characterized by
A. a cartilaginous skeleton.
B. a bony skeleton.
C. a single operculum over the gills.
D. no swim bladder.
76. The word amphibian refers to the ability to
A. live in hot climates.
B. live in wet places.
C. live both in water and on land.
D. live in cold and hot climates.
77. In a larval amphibian, gas exchange occurs through
A. the skin only.
B. both the skin and the gills.
C. the gills only.
D. a lung.
78. The tympanic membrane in a frog enables it to
A. hear.
B. see.
C. smell.
D. taste.
79. Which of the following is a group of amphibians living on the Earth today?
A. crocodiles
B. snakes
C. salamanders
D. lizards
80. Most reptiles reproduce with
A. external fertilization and external development.
B. internal fertilization and internal development.
C. internal fertilization and external development in water.
D. internal fertilization and external development in leathery-shelled eggs.
81. The yolk sac of a reptile egg functions as a
A. membrane that exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide for the embryo.
B. membrane that stores wastes produced by the embryo.
C. source of nutrient-rich food for the developing embryo.
D. shock-absorbing fluid-filled sac protecting the embryo.
82. Reptiles are
A. ectotherms.
B. endotherms.
83. Reptiles with the most well-developed hearts include
A. turtles and alligators.
B. crocodiles and turtles.
C. crocodiles and alligators.
D. alligators and lizards.
84. A bird with a short, thick bill probably eats
A. fish.
B. seeds.
C. insects.
D. fleshy fruit.
85. Archaeopteryx has characteristics of both
A. modern birds and ancient birds.
B. amphibians and reptiles.
C. reptiles and modern birds.
D. amphibians and modern birds.
86. Which of the following bird adaptations is NOT associated with flight?
A. bones with many hollow air spaces
B. air sacs in addition to lungs
C. gizzard
D. contour feathers
87. The largest order of birds is the
A. perching birds.
B. birds of prey.
C. pelicans and relatives.
D. penguins.
88. Which of the following birds assists in pollinating flowering plants?
A. pelican
B. hummingbird
C. raptor
D. heron
89. One characteristic commonly used to determine whether fossils are mammals is
A. subcutaneous fat.
B. mammary glands.
C. a jaw joint that allows movement from side to side.
D. hair or fur.
90. How many chambers do mammalian hearts have?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 6
91. Mammals are called endotherms because they
A. produce milk to nourish their young.
B. have well-developed sense organs.
C. have powerful jaws and specialized teeth.
D. generate their body heat internally.
92. The first true mammals appeared in the fossil record
A. soon after the extinction of the dinosaurs.
B. about the same time as the first reptiles.
C. during the Triassic when dinosaurs were the dominant land animals.
D. long after the extinction of the dinosaurs.
93. The duration of parental care in mammals
A. varies among different species.
B. is one to four weeks.
C. is six months to a year.
D. is intermediate compared to reptiles.
94. Most mammals are
A. monotremes.
B. marsupials.
C. placental mammals.
D. placental marsupials.
95. Monotremes are the only group of mammals that
A. lay eggs
B. have hair.
C. feed their young with milk.
D. are endotherms.
96. Rabbits belong to an order of mammals called the
A. cetaceans.
B. lagomorphs.
C. proboscideans.
D. chiroptera.
97. Ant-eating mammals on different continents look similar to each other because they are all
A. a result of divergent evolution.
B. adapted to similar ecological opportunities.
C. recently evolved from a common ancestor.
D. evolved from an ant-eating reptile.
98. What is the function of the placenta?
A. production of milk
B. exchange of materials between fetus and mother
C. digestion of food
D. protection of a young mammal after birth
99. Species that are similar in appearance and behavior but are not closely related are sometimes the result of
A. convergent evolution.
B. adaptive diversity.
C. divergent evolution.
D. disruptive selection.
100. In some chordates, pharyngeal pouches develop into
A. paired skeletal muscles.
B. wings.
C. paired appendages.
D. gills.
101. The largest group of chordates is the
A. mammals.
B. fishes.
C. birds.
D. reptiles.
102. In the current understanding of the evolution of the chordates, which of the following appeared most recently?
A. jaws and paired appendages
B. lungs
C. endothermy
D. vertebrae
103. The control of body temperature is important for
A. maintaining homeostasis.
B. marking a territory.
C. eliminating wastes.
D. delivering oxygen to cells.
104. Of the following animals, which can maintain a constant internal temperature?
A. shark
B. elephant
C. desert lizard
D. frog
105. Lizards often bask in the sun because they are
A. chordates.
B. ectotherms.
C. endotherms.
D. slow moving.
106. Animals that do not rely on their surroundings to gain or lose body heat are
A. fish.
B. endotherms.
C. ectotherms.
D. amphibians.
107. One disadvantage endotherms have compared to ectotherms is thatA. endotherms cannot stay warm in cold weather.
B. far more food is required to maintain constant temperature.
C. endotherms are more limited in the habitats they can occupy.
D. endotherms cannot live in the ocean where the water is too cold.
108. In mammals, the lungs branch extensively, and their entire volume is filled with thousands of bubblelike structures called
A. trachea.
B. gills.
C. alveoli.
D. air sacs.
109. In vertebrates, excretion is carried out mostly by the
A. pancreas.
B. kidneys.
C. liver.
D. intestine.
110. As you move from fish to mammal, there is an increase in the size of the cerebrum and
A. spinal cord.
B. cerebellum.
C. medulla.
D. ganglia.
111. Which of the following groups of organisms is arranged in order of 2-chambered, 3-chambered, and 4-chambered heart?
A. whale, salamander, fish
B. fish, adult frog, elephant
C. adult frog, fish, human
D. bat, fish, adult frog
112. Which of the following vertebrate groups provides most care to its young?
A. fishes
B. amphibians
C. reptiles
D. mammals
113. Change in an animal's behavior as a result of experience is called
A. stimulus.
B. learning.
C. response.
D. reflex.
114. When a spider builds a web, it displays
A. learned behavior.
B. innate behavior.
C. habituation.
D. insight learning.
115. Ivan Pavlov's training of a dog to salivate in response to a ringing bell is known as
A. habituation.
B. imprinting.
C. classical conditioning.
D. stimulus.
116. The process in which young animals learn to recognize and follow the first moving object they see is called
A. insight learning.
B. habituation.
C. imprinting.
D. classical conditioning.
117. Habituation helps animals survive because it
A. helps animals find food.
B. enables animals to escape predators.
C. enables animals to recognize members of their own species.
D. helps animals avoid wasting time and energy.
118. Two examples of seasonal behavior are
A. aggression and dormancy.
B. migration and dormancy.
C. migration and communication.
D. migration and circadian rhythm.
119. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of living in an animal society?
A. protection from predators.
B. protection of young.
C. improved ability to hunt.
D. elimination of competition.
120. An animal that communicates by changing color probably has
A. good hearing.
B. a complex courtship ritual.
C. good eyesight.
D. language.
121. Many animals establish territories, which function as
A. spaces where no other member of the species may enter.
B. a defended area containing the resources necessary for survival.
C. areas where members of all other animal species are kept out.
D. areas where all members of a species may hunt for food.
122. A pheromone is a chemical substance
A. made in the brain to trigger a specific behavior.
B. made by one species to communicate with animals of another species.
C. made by one animal and used to communicate with another animal of the same species.
D. used only to initiate reproductive behavior in animals.