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CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II

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HORRORS OF WORLD WAR I

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TREATY OF VERSAILLES:

ISSUES TO BE SETTLED

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• TERRITORIAL ADJUSTMENTS

• REPARATIONS

• ARMAMENT RESTRICTIONS

• WAR GUILT

• LEAGUE OF NATIONS

German Upheaval

• Treaty of Versailles– Pay Huge War Reparations– Lost colonies and territories– Disarmed German Military

• 100,000 Army– German lost National pride after WW I

Weimar Republic was weak and leaderless

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TREATY OF VERSAILLES, REPARATIONS

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TREATY OF VERSAILLES,

GERMAN ARMAMENT LIMITATIONS

TYPE AMOUNT ALLOWED

PLANES 0

WARSHIPS 6

SOLDIERS 100,000

CONSCRIPTION BANNED

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TREATY OF VERSAILLES,

GERMAN WAR GUILT

Problems with Treaty of Versailles

• Caused anger and resentment

• Germans saw as unfair

• Hate began to grow towards those who caused the problem.– Polish, jews

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1.In January 1921, German currency was worth 64 marks to the dollar. 2.By November 1923 this had changed to 4,200,000,000,000 marks to the dollar….

PRICE OF A LOAF OF BREAD 1. In 1918 a loaf of bread cost just over half a mark.2. By 1922 the cost had risen to 163 marks for a loaf of bread.3. By November of 1923 a loaf of bread cost 201,000 million marks

GERMAN ECONOMIC PROBLEMS AFTER WORLD WAR I

Nationalism Grips Europe and Asia

• Because of the economic depression, powerful dictators rose to power driven by the belief in Nationalism– Loyalty to one’s country above all else-and

dreams of territorial expansion.

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• ITALY

•GERMANY

• JAPAN

•Soviet Union• Totalitarianism-government that exerts Complete

control over citizens. You have no rights and the gov. suppresses all opposition.

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AXIS POWERS

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AXIS AXIS POWER:POWER:

GERMANYGERMANY

The Nazi’s Take over Germany• End of WWI Hitler joined The National Socialist German Worker’s

party (Nazi)• Quickly rose to ranks as leader• Basic beliefs of party (Nazism)

– Extreme nationalism and racism• Believed in master race (Aryans) blond hair blue eyes.

– National expansion. (Germans needed more room)– 1933 Hitler appointed Prime Minister. Established new gov. The

Third Reich– Anticommunist

Read Pg 531

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HITLER AS A SOLDIER IN WWI

Rise of Hitler• Mein Kampf or “My

Struggle” • • Hitler was elected

chancellor and Nazi’s began to gain seats in the Reichstag

• Enabling Act (1933) created the 3rd Reich

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WHY WAS ADOLF HITLER SUCCESSFUL IN TAKING OVER GERMANY?

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HITLER ADDRESSING AN EARLY NAZI PARTY GATHERING

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Cover page of German editions of Mein Kampf, written in 1924 while Hitler was imprisoned for staging a revolt

His political views. He blamed Jews and Communists for all of Germany’s problems. Layed out his plans for world

conquest.

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STATEMENTS FROM MEIN KAMPF

The beginnings of Nazi Party

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NAZI PROGRAM IMPLEMENTED: HITLER BEGAN RESTRUCTURING GERMAN SOCIETY. JEWS WERE STRIPPED OF CITIZENSHIP AND DENIED BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS. SCHOOLS WERE PUT UNDER NAZI CONTROL AND STUDENTS WERE TURNED INTO GOOD NAZIS. THE NEWSPAPERS, RADIO, FILMS AND EVERYTHING ELSE WAS TAKEN OVER BY THE NAZI PARTY AND USED TO ADVANCE HITLER'S GOALS.

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NAZI PROPAGA

NDA DEPICTIN

G THE IDEAL

GERMAN ARYAN

NAZI PROPAGANDA

DEPICTING THE IDEAL

ARYAN MEMBER OF THE MASTER

RACE

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EXAMPLES OF NAZI ANTI-SEMITISM

FINAL SOLUTION TO THE JEWISH PROBLEM

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Depression, unemployment and hard times led to a dramatic increase in voting for Hitler and the Nazi Party.

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HITLER ELECTED CHANCELLOR OF GERMANY 1933

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VOLKSWAGEN: A CAR FOR ALMOST EVERY GERMAN FAMILY

So that everyone could afford

1936 Olympic Games

Jesse Owens

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXf_YACwHmU&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCmvDwDocrw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

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Long Live Germany!

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HITLER BEGINS HIS MARCH TO WORLD HITLER BEGINS HIS MARCH TO WORLD CONQUEST LEADING TO WORLD WAR II CONQUEST LEADING TO WORLD WAR II

•1935: HITLER DECLARES THAT GERMANY WILL REARM, IN VIOLATION OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

•MARCH 1936: HITLER SENDS GERMAN SOLDIERS TO REOCCUPY THE RHINELAND, NEXT TO FRANCE, VIOLATING THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

•MARCH 1938: HITLER TAKES OVER AUSTRIA AND TURNS IT INTO A GERMAN PROVINCE KNOWN AS OSTMARK

•SEPTEMBER 1938: HITLER DEMANDS AND IS GIVEN THE STRATEGIC CZECHOSLOVAKIAN SUDETENLAND WITHOUT A FIGHT

•MARCH 1939: HITLER TAKES OVER THE REST OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA

•SEPTEMBER 1, 1939: HITLER INVADES POLAND

•SEPTEMBER 3, 1939: BRITAIN AND FRANCE DECLARE WAR ON GERMANY, AND WORLD WAR TWO BEGINS

Austria first to fall

• March 12, 1938 marched into Austria unopposed and took it over.– U.S. did nothing

*Sudetenland next– Read pg 537– Hitler said it would be his last he would take– Appeasement- giving up principles to pacify an

aggressor.• The more you give in the more ______________?

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CZECHOSLOVAKIA’S MAIN DEFENSES WERE IN THE SUDETENLAND

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REACTIONS OF GERMANS LIVING IN THE SUDETENLAND TO HITLER’S TAKEOVER

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U.S. response

• US Isolationism– “Hitler” Time

Magazine Man of the Year 1938

U.S. wanted to keep him happy!

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Next country Hitler wanted was Poland, However

Hitler wanted to avoid fighting on two fronts at one time

Nonaggression Pact

• Read pg 539 “the soviet union declares neutrality”

• THE WORLD IS SHOCKED WHEN TWO BITTER ENEMIES, GERMANY AND THE USSR, SIGN A NONAGGRESSION PACT IN AUGUST 1939 PROMISING NOT TO ATTACK EACH OTHER and also to split Poland.

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HITLER INVADES POLAND: SEPTEMBER 1, 1939

Bliitzkrieg “Lightning War”

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THE POLISH ARMY WAS NO

MATCH FOR THE GERMANS

Took only three weeks to take

over all of Poland

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MILITARY UNIT GERMANY POLAND

INFANTRYDIVISIONS

46 38

MOTORIZEDDIVISIONS

4 ¾ 11 CALVALRYBRIGADES (HORSES)

TANKDIVISIONS

7 NONE

TANKS 3200 600

BOMBERS 1176 146

FIGHTERS 771 315

OTHER PLANES 1337 381

Military strength comparison between Germany and Poland in 1939

The War begins

• On Sept 3, 1939 Britain and France declare war on Germany

• U.S. still out of it

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Joseph Stalin

• Established Communism– An economic and

political system based on a one party government and state ownership of property

Example- “You have two cows, your neighbors help you take care of them. And everyone shares the milk.”

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Stalin and the Soviet Union

• Joseph Stalin “man of steel”

• Took over after Lenin Died and Created a Communist state

• Goals:– Make Soviet Union into great industrial nation

– All economic activity placed under state mgnt.

– Kill non supporters 8-13 million

– Establish a Totalitarian govt.

• No rights and gov suppresses all opposition.

– Agriculture and Industry were main focus• Abolished all private farms

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AXIS POWER:AXIS POWER:

ITALYITALY

The Rise of Fascism in ItalyBenito Mussolini “IL Duce”

• Won support of Italians when he told them he could fix

the economic collapse and fear of communism.

• Established Fascism in 1921– extreme Nationalism and places interests of

the state above those of individuals.– Power under one leader– Anti communist– Expand military– Wanted to bring back power of Roman Empire

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BENITO MUSSOLINI AT THE HEIGHT OF HIS POWER

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ITALIAN AGGRESSION IN ETHIOPIA

Mussolini wanted to expand Roman empire. 1st goal was Ethiopia

U.S. did nothing

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ETHIOPIAN ARMY

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MUSSOLINI AND MISTRESS MURDERED BY THE ITALIAN PEOPLE, 1945

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AXIS AXIS POWER:POWER:

JAPANJAPAN

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MILITARISTS TAKE OVER JAPANESE GOVERNMENT

•WANTED TO RETURN THE EMPEROR TO POWER, DISLIKED DEMOCRACY, WANTED JAPAN TO REMOVE EUROPEAN COLONIAL POWERS AND RULE ASIA THEMSELVES. THEY WERE SUPPORTED BY MANY JAPANESE BUSINESS LEADERS. THEY HAD NO ONE LEADER LIKE HITLER OR MUSSOLINI.

•Wanted to expand borders

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JAPANESE TROOPS INVADING MANCHURIA, JAPANESE TROOPS INVADING MANCHURIA, 1931 goal was more living space and natural 1931 goal was more living space and natural

resources. Goal was to take Chinaresources. Goal was to take China

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LEAGUE OF NATIONS

U.S. decides not to do anything about Japan

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CHINESE BABY BURNED AFTER JAPANESE BOMBERS STRIKE SHANGHAI IN 1937

U.S. response

• Isolationism

• U.S. was at all costs going to avoid war

• Passed Neutrality Acts– Outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at

war.

• Did not last

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• 3RD TERM ELECTION

• LEND-LEASE

• ATLANTIC CHARTER

• U-BOATS: SUBMARINE WARFARE

• ISOLATIONISM VS. INTERVENTIONISM

• AMERICA ATTACKED

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3RD TERM PRESIDENT FRANKLIN DELANO

ROOSEVELT

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THE UNITED STATES BECAME INVOLVED BY SUPPLYING WAR MATERIALS FOR THE ALLIES only to those

countries who were vital to defense of U.S.

The Lend Lease Act

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U.S. INDUSTRY GEARS UP FOR WAR AND PRODUCES GREAT QUANTITIES OF ARMS AND

EQUIPMENT FOR ALL THE ALLIES

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CHURCHILL AND FDR MEET AND AGREE ON THE CHURCHILL AND FDR MEET AND AGREE ON THE POSTWAR WORLD: THE ATLANTIC CHARTERPOSTWAR WORLD: THE ATLANTIC CHARTER

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This is Churchill's edited copy of the final draft of the Atlantic Charter.

                                                                                                                                                                                        

This is Churchill's edited copy of the final draft of the Atlantic Charter.

President of the United States of America and the Prime Minister, Mr. Churchill, representing His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, being met together, deem it right to make known certain common principles in the national policies of their respective countries on which they base their hopes for a better future for the world.

First, their countries seek no aggrandizement, territorial or other;

Second, they desire to see no territorial changes that do not accord with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned;

Third, they respect the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live; and they wish to see sovereign rights and self government restored to those who have been forcibly deprived of them;

Fourth, they will endeavor, with due respect for their existing obligations, to further the enjoyment by all States, great or small, victor or vanquished, of access, on equal terms, to the trade and to the raw materials of the world

which are needed for their economic prosperity;

Fifth, they desire to bring about the fullest collaboration between all nations in the economic field with the object of securing, for all, improved labor standards, economic advancement and social security;

Sixth, after the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny, they hope to see established a peace which will afford to all nations the means of dwelling in safety within their own boundaries, and which will afford assurance that all the

men in all lands may live out their lives in freedom from fear and want;

Seventh, such a peace should enable all men to traverse the high seas and oceans without hindrance;

Eighth, they believe that all of the nations of the world, for realistic as well as spiritual reasons must come to the abandonment of the use of force. Since no future peace can be maintained if land, sea or air armaments continue to be employed by nations which threaten, or may threaten, aggression outside of their frontiers, they believe, pending the establishment of a wider and permanent system of general security, that the disarmament of such

nations is essential. They will likewise aid and encourage all other practicable measure which will lighten for peace-loving peoples the crushing burden of armaments.

•Franklin D. RooseveltWinston S. Churchill

ATLANTIC CHARTER

Problems at Sea

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MERCHANT SHIPS SUNK BY GERMAN SUBMARINES (U-BOATS) FROM 1939 TO 1945

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

SHIPS SINK

U-BOATS SUNK

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DEFENSE SPENDING INCREASED AS THE U.S. REALIZED IT MUST PREPARE FOR EVENTUAL WAR AGAINST THE

AGGRESSORS

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THE ROBIN MOOR WAS CLEARLY MARKED AS MERCHANT VESSEL FROM THE USA

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CONVOYS INCREASED THE

MERCHANT SHIPS’ CHANCES OF

SURVIVING THE OCEAN VOYAGE

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EUROPE: JUNE 1941

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JAPAN CHOOSES WAR

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USING COAL TO FUEL CARS USING HORSE CARTS FOR DELIVERIES TO SAVE GAS

THE U.S. PUT AN OIL EMBARGO ON JAPAN. SINCE JAPAN RECEIVED 80% OF ITS OIL FROM THE U.S., THE JAPANESE WERE

FORCED TO MODIFY THEIR CONSUMPTION.

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TOJO BEFORE THE WAR TOJO AFTER THE WAR, ON TRIAL FOR WAR CRIMES

JAPAN’S WAR MINISTER, HIDEKI TOJO

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TX4sTBJ0tvA&feature=fvst&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

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•Pearl Harbor attack scene #1

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1e6h9h7ky0E&playnext=1&list=PL2DEDD3A0833D4300&safe=active

•#2•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnS1vDO-phQ&playnext=1&list=PL2DEDD3A0833D4300&safe=active

•#3

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3X6jzVvQ_vM&playnext=1&list=PL2DEDD3A0833D4300&safe=active

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•FDR declares war on Japan on Dec 8, 1941

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0PW1Jhuu2Q&safe=active

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•Hitler declares war on the U.S. on Dec 11, 1941