1 broadcast and ip? infrastructures and obstacles for reliable delivery
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1
Broadcast and IP?
Infrastructures and Obstacles for Reliable Delivery
2
Broadcast Topology
Encoder
Encoder
Encoder
Encoder
MultiplexorLive Feed
Analog Network Feed
Direct Broadcast Satellite
Headend
Cable TV
TerrestrialBroadcast
Modulator
Telecom(ATM, IP, etc)
Automation SubscriberManagement
NetworkManagement
Billing
3
IP Delivery Topology
Encoder
Encoder
BAS
BackboneMiddleware &Services
Ethernet
VODServer
IPEthernet
Internet gateway
Local Servers
Edge Router
NetworkManagement
AgregationNetwork
DSLAM
DSLAM
xDSL
xDSL
xDSL
PSTN gateway
Services IP Switching & Routing Simple Switching
4
It is all about the ARPU
Source: Yankee Group, 2004
5
Cable Telephony
0.0
5.0
10.0
Subscrib
ers in M
illions
2002 2003 2004 2005
Year
US Cable Telephony Lines
Source: In-Stat/MDR
6
UDP Encapsulation
IP Packet
TS TS TS TS TS TS TS
UDP Packet
IP Packet
TS TS TS TS TS TS TS
UDP Packet
ad hoc:
• 7 TS packets per UDP
• TS aligned “nicely”
A Variant:
• TS not aligned
• Variable number of TS packets per UDP
IP Packet
TS TS TS TS
UDP Packet
IP Packet
TS TS TS TS TS TS TS
UDP Packet
Split Packet!
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Host
Router
Unicast
Host
Router
Multicast
Unicast and Multicast
PIM-SM IGMP
8
Packet transport delay & JitterEffects: Degraded interactivity Increased startup latency
Effects: Increased packet loss Perturbed timebase
9
Packet transport Loss and Mis-Ordering
Effects: Visual or Audio impairment
Effects: Increased interarrival jitter Perturbed timebase
10
Telecom Central Office
VDSL13 Mb/s 1.5 km26 Mb/s 1.0 km50 Mb/s 0.3 km ADSL/ADSL2+
8 Mb/s 2.5 km15 Mb/s 1.6 km24 Mb/s 0.5 km
FTTH1 Gb/s >100 km
Broadband Access Technologies - Standards
Copper is becoming the clear choice for Telcos: Leverage infrastructure, Quick, Large foot print
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Speeds and Reach
12
Network Performance for Video
10-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
ITU-T Y.1541Voice/Data
BroadcastVideo
Requirement
Typical Network
Today?
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MPEG Video Compression
RGB Macro BlocksBlocks
Discrete Cosine Transform
YUV
SlicesZigzag Scan
f(x)g(x)
QuantizationEntropy Coding
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Image Coding Hierarchy
VideoSequence
Group Of Pictures (GOP)
Picture
Slice
4:2:0 Macroblock (MB)
Y Y
YY
CBCR
Group Of Pictures (GOP)
...
…
8x8
H.264
8x8
0
4x8
0 10 12 3
4x48x4
10
0
16x16
0 1
8x16
8x8Modes
MBModes
8x80 12 3
16x8
1
0
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Response & Tuning
Backbone
Appl Services
VODServer
IPEthernet
Internet
Edge Router
AggregationNetwork
DSLAM
PSTN
Acquire Content• RF Integrity• Decoding• Re-Encoding
Manage Content• Rights Management• PPV• Billing
Voice• Quality• Call Performance• Billing
Data• Throughput• Error• Latency
PerformanceFault RecoveryMaintenance Efficiency
PerformanceFault RecoveryMaintenance EfficiencyMulticastRouting Efficiency
PerformanceMaintenance Efficiency
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But too many knobs!
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Quality ControlBER: 1.2x10-3
Sonet StatusLOS OKAIS OKFEBE ErrorRDI OK
The Real Question:Is all thistruly meaningful??
18
Monitoring - the old way
Human Operator watching TV for errors and anomalies.
What about 500 channels?
19
Monitoring Switched Networks
Must have access to the data:
• Use “network tap” (common in IT networks)
• Program a router to “duplicate a port” so that traffic is copied to two places
• Use a switch with a “monitor port” (not common these days?)Monitoring here shows no
traffic.
Some switches have a ‘monitor’ port which will pass all traffic.
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Geography
Tim
e
Multi-axis Preventative Monitoring
Pro
toco
l Le
vel
Serial, RF and Telecom
MPEG Transport
TV & Data Services
Signal Integrity
Service Integrity
Distributed Remote
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Physical RF Signal Performance Spectrum Modulation
Performance Constellation
Display Bit Errors
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MPEG Transport Layer Parameters
Bandwidth by Service
Stat Mux Performance
PCR Jitter
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Content Parameters
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Channel Change Issues
Backbone
Appl Services
VODServer
IPEthernet
Internet
Edge Router
AggregationNetwork
DSLAM
PSTN
SERVER & HEADEND
•VOD Controls•Trick Mode•User
Authentication
NETWORK•Delay•Connection Setup•Location of Multicast
Point•Burst Processing
SET TOP BOX•Command
Processing•Acquire Sync•De-Jitter Buffering•Decoding
Channel Change Delay
LEAVE “Sports”
JOIN “Movie”
IPMulticast Point
Sports Stream Arriving
Movie Stream Arriving
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The I-Frame Blast
Mux
CoreNetwork
QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.
Program B
Program A
CHANGE TO Movie!!
“Blast” Server
Movie
Sports
Blast Server
Output Stream
Change!
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Remote Interface with Video View
I
IP, QAM and ASI TS and Videomonitoring and Alarming
Triggered Capture
Alarm andMeasurementLogging
Remote Upgrade
Remote Configuration
Stream back ofVideo and Audio for confidence checking
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Integrated RF, IP and TS Analysis & Monitoring
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Alarm Management & Integration
RF Modulation
Bandwidth
ETR-290
Content Violation
SNMP TRAP
SQL Plug In
Beep
LED
Log EntryDatabase
Other Plug In
Picture Quality
Network Management System
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Geographic Consolidation Collect and
Consolidate Alarms
Management Information System Connectivity
Extensible & Open Platform
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True Service Monitoring
Service Content Validation
Real TimeService Status
