1 © air products and chemicals, inc. 2010 options for production and delivery of low-cost hydrogen...
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1© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2010
Options for Production and Delivery of Low-Cost Hydrogen
Edward C. HeydornBusiness Development ManagerHydrogen Energy SystemsAir Products and Chemicals, Inc.
National Hydrogen Association ConferenceLong Beach, CA05 May 2010
2© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2010
50+ Years of Hydrogen Experience
World’s largest merchant supplier
H2 production equivalent to fueling ~8 Million cars/day
Bulk, liquid and pipeline distribution
More than 500 H2 customers H2 Energy projects since 1993
> 110 hydrogen station projects
Stations in 18 countries Broad IP estate
3© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2010
Dispensing Fill Count – Approaching 200,000 per Year
Rapid growth in material handling projects
– Fast project schedules– High reliability
4© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2010
Central Production
DistributedProduction
Fuel StationDistribution
Natural Gas,Propane,Methanol,Feedstocks
Hydrogen
Hydrogen Sourcing
5© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2010
Usage, Kg/Day 200 2,000 20,000 200,000
Hydrogen Means of Production
6© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2010
Even the small station capacities exceeded the actual demand
– Upcoming station deployments need to consider underutilized assets in early years
Multiple options for production and delivery were tested
– Some should be eliminated due to cost and scalability, others should be given greater consideration
Lessons Learned from Early Hydrogen Station Deployment Programs
7© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2010
Lowest-cost production methods exist at large central facilities, and can meet targets for H2 pricing to consumer transportation market
– Minimize capital outlay by utilizing existing production infrastructure
– Adopt supply chain for delivery and dispensing for this unique application
Renewable sources can be competitive when credits in a carbon-constrained environment are considered
Lessons Learned (continued)
8© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2010
UCI 350/700 Bar Station
25 kg/day capacity, liquid hydrogen supply
Actual demand higher, regularly approaching 50 kg/day
350 and 700 bar fueling capability
Excellent operating performance
Station usage doubled over past year
UCI recently applied for local funding to expand 700 bar fueling system
The UC Irvine Fueling Station operated by the National Fuel Cell Research Center (NFCRC) photo by Lorin Humphries.
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Q2 2007
Q3 2007
Q4 2007
Q1 2008
Q2 2008
Q3 2008
Q4 2008
Q1 2009
Q2 2009
Q3 2009
Q4 2009
Station Usage (% of capacity)
Delivered Liquid Hydrogen – University of California, Irvine
9© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2010
Torrance Pipeline Station 48 kg/day capacity, pipeline
hydrogen supply 350 and 700 bar fueling
capability Greenfield station, retail design
by Shell Station construction began
February 2010 Anticipated onstream mid-2010 Expandable with additional
compression to 96 kg/day Funding support by DOE, Air Products, Shell Hydrogen and South
Coast Air Quality Management District
Pipeline-Supplied Hydrogen Station – Torrance, California
10© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2010
South Torrance Station 40 kg/day capacity, delivered
hydrogen from pipeline supply 350 and 700 bar fueling
capability Product offering tailored to
existing retail forecourt Anticipated onstream Summer
2010 Funding support by California
Air Resources Board
Pipeline-Delivered Hydrogen Station – South Torrance, California
11© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2010
Fountain Valley Station 100 kg/day capacity 350 and 700 bar fueling
capability Host site: Orange County
Sanitation District Co-located with existing
CNG dispenser Renewable hydrogen
production using Hydrogen Energy Station
New H2 Dispenser
H2 Equipment Pad
Renewable-Supplied Hydrogen Station – Fountain Valley, California
Funding support by California Air Resources Board, DOE, Air Products and South Coast Air Quality Management District
12© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2010
Fountain Valley, CA– Anaerobic Digester Gas– High-Temperature Fuel Cell provided by FuelCell Energy, Inc.– Hydrogen Purification, Compression, Storage, Dispenser
provided by Air Products
Sludge
Storage Tank
Sludge Digestion
Tank
ADG
Hydrogen
Hot Water
Energy Station
Fuel Treatment
Anaerobic Digestion
Gas Holder
Heat Exchanger
AC Power
Hydrogen Storage
Hydrogen Dispenser
Hydrogen from Renewable Feedstock
Covered by several Air Products patents / patents pending
13© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2010
I-405 South Ramp
Hydrogen Fueling Station
Ell
is A
ve
nu
e
Hydrogen Energy Station
~1,100 feet
Orange County Sanitation District Site
Anticipated onstream Summer 2010
14© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2010
Many options to meet the demand cycle, unique to Air Products
Ability to scale with increasing fueling demand unique to Air Products:
– Tube Trailers -> Mini bulk /Micro bulk / High capacity tube trailers
– HYDRA Liquid Hydrogen Trailer -> High Pressure and liquid offload
– Onsite Production -> May start with TT/LHY, then install small production system on very large systems
– Multi-capable dispensers based on refueling pattern
Long-Term Fueling Requirement May Dictate Interim Fueling Solution
15© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2010
This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy (Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy) under Award Number DE-FC36-05GO85026. This presentation was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
This presentation was prepared as a result of work sponsored, paid for, in whole or in part, by the South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD). The opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of AQMD. AQMD, its officers, employees, contractors, and subcontractors make no warranty, expressed or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information. AQMD has not approved or disapproved this presentation, nor has AQMD passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information contained herein.
Acknowledgement and Disclaimers
16© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2010
Thank You
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