1 13-1 verb + gerundverb + gerund 13-2 go + -inggo + -ing 13-3 verb + infinitiveverb + infinitive...
TRANSCRIPT
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13-1 Verb + gerund13-2 Go + -ing13-3 Verb + infinitive13-4 Verb + gerund or infinitive13-5 Preposition + gerund13-6 Using by and with to express how something is done13-7 Using gerunds as subjects; using it + infinitive13-8 It + infinitive: using for (someone)13-9 Expressing purpose with in order to and for13-10 Using infinitives with too and enough
CONTENTS
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13-1 VERB + GERUND
She keeps worrying about her husband.
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13-1 VERB + GERUND
(a) I like be with you.verb gerund
• -ing form of a verb
• used as a noun
• object of the verb
ing
gerund
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13-1 VERB + GERUND
(b) They enjoy eating pizza.(c) They have finished working on a big project.
(d) My sister never stops talking on the phone.
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13-1 VERB + GERUND
(e) I wish they would quit arguing.
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13-1 VERB + GERUND
(f) Would you mind taking my picture?
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13-1 VERB + GERUND
(g) I usually postpone doing my taxes until the last minute.
(h) Many people put off doing their taxes until the last minute.
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13-1 VERB + GERUND
(i) They have to keep (on) working until the project is finished.
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13-1 VERB + GERUND
(j) They are considering breaking up.
(k) They are thinking about breaking up.
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13-1 VERB + GERUND
(l) They discussed breaking up.
(m) They talked about breaking up, but they decided to stay together.
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13-1 VERB + GERUND
(n) She is considering not going to work today.
not + gerund = negative form
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13-1 LET’S PRACTICE
They are ____________ ______ out to play.
think aboutgo
thinking about going
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13-1 LET’S PRACTICE
Do you want to _________ _______ a new house?
talk aboutbuy
talk aboutbuying
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13-1 LET’S PRACTICE
Would you _______ ______ us
less homework this week?
considergive
consider
giving
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13-2 GO + -ING
It’s a beautiful day. Let’s go
canoeing.
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13-2 GO + -ING
(a) Did you go skydiving yesterday?
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13-2 GO + -ING
(a) Did you go skydiving yesterday?(b) We went camping on the beach.
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13-2 GO + -ING
(a) These guys are going skydiving soon.(b) We went camping on the beach.(c) Larry hasn’t gone skiing lately.
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go + gerund
certain expressions about activities
13-2 GO + -ING
(a) Did you go skydiving yesterday?(b) We went camping on the beach.(c) Larry hasn’t gone skiing lately.
INCORRECT: I like to go to dancing.
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13-2 LET’S PRACTICE
Mr. Anders loves to ___ ________.
gofish
go fishing
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13-2 LET’S PRACTICE
My parents love to ___ ________.
godance
go dancing
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13-3 VERB + INFINITIVE
I expected you to be here an hour ago.
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13-3 VERB + INFINITIVE
(a) I hope to graduate this year.
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13-3 VERB + INFINITIVE
(a) I hope to graduate this year
(b) He intends to study hard this year.
to + simple form of verb = AN INFINITIVE
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13-3 VERB + INFINITIVE
(a) I hope to graduate this year
(b) He intends to study hard this year.
(c) She decided not to attend medical school.
negative = not + infinitive
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13-3 LET’S PRACTICE
At their wedding, they ________ ___ ____ together forever.
promisestay
promised to stay
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13-3 LET’S PRACTICE
I _____ _____ _____ _____ on a cruise,
but I can’t afford it.
would lovego
would love to go
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13-3 LET’S PRACTICE
I ______ ___ ___ out of money.
seembe
seem to be
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13-4 VERB + GERUND OR INFINITIVE
I love to go
fishing with my dad.
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13-4 VERB + GERUND OR INFINITIVE
(a) All of a sudden, it began raining.
(b) All of a sudden, it began to rain.
gerund orinfinitive
someverbs
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13-4 LET’S PRACTICE
I _____ ___ _____ in line.
I _____ _______ in line.
hatewait
hate waiting
hate to wait
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13-4 LET’S PRACTICE
I _____ _____ _____ yesterday, but I quit.
I ______ __________ yesterday, but I quit.
beginstudy
began to study
began studying
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13-5 PREPOSITION + GERUND
She is nervous about
testifying at the trial.
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13-5 PREPOSITION + GERUND
(a) Some people are afraid of driving.
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13-5 PREPOSITION + GERUND
(a) Some people are afraid of driving.(b) Alex is responsible for leading our team project.
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13-5 PREPOSITION + GERUND
(a) Some people are afraid of driving.(b) Alex is responsible for leading our team project.(c) She apologized for being rude to her mom.
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13-5 LET’S PRACTICE
Angie is good ___ (teach) ________ math.at teaching
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13-5 LET’S PRACTICE
They are planning ____ (study) __________
all afternoon for the test.
on studying
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13-5 LET’S PRACTICE
They are excited ______ (start) _______
their new project.
about starting
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13-6 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW SOMETHING IS DONE
It takes six hours to get from Baltimore to
Seattle by air.
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13-6 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW SOMETHING IS DONE
(a) You turn on the microwave by selecting the number of minutes and pressing the ON button.
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13-6 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW SOMETHING IS DONE
(a) You turn on the microwave by selecting the number of minutes and pressing the ON button.
how somethingis done
By + a gerund
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13-6 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW SOMETHING IS DONE
(b) I love travelling by train.
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13-6 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW SOMETHING IS DONE
(b) I love travelling by train.
(c) Many people eat with chopsticks.
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13-6 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW SOMETHING IS DONE
(b) I love travelling by train.
(c) Many people eat with chopsticks.
by OR
with+ noun how something
is done
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13-6 LET’S PRACTICE
Some people in London get around ___ double-decker bus.by
bywith
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13-6 LET’S PRACTICE
Most students don’t write their reports _____ hand anymore. by
withby
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13-6 LET’S PRACTICE
Floors can be cleaned _____ a mop.with
bywith
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13-7 USING GERUNDS AS SUBJECTS; USING IT + INFINITIVE
Riding a motorcycle
can be exciting.
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(a) Riding motorcycles is dangerous.
(b) It is dangerous to ride motorcycles.
13-7 USING GERUNDS AS SUBJECTS; USING IT + INFINITIVE
samemeaning
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(c) Visiting other countries is fun.
13-7 USING GERUNDS AS SUBJECTS; USING IT + INFINITIVE
gerund subjecta gerund is singular verb is singular
it subjectit to visit other countries
(d) It is fun to visit other countries.
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13-7 LET’S PRACTICE
Gerund as subject
It is important to do well in school.
________________ is important.Doing well in school
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13-7 LET’S PRACTICE
Gerund as subject
It can be helpful to study with a friend.
_____________________________.Studying with a friend can be helpful
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13-7 LET’S PRACTICE
Gerund as subject
Is it scary to climb mountains?
Yes, _______________________.climbing mountains is scary
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13-8 IT + INFINITIVE: USING FOR (SOMEONE)
It is a good idea for everyone to get a flu
shot.
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13-8 IT + INFINITIVE: USING FOR (SOMEONE)
(a) You should get a flu shot.
(b) It is necessary for you to get a flu shot.similarmeaning
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13-8 IT + INFINITIVE: USING FOR (SOMEONE)
(a) You should get a flu shot.
(b) It is necessary for you to get a flu shot.
(c) He should be careful.
(d) It is important for him to be careful.
it is + adjective + for (someone) + infinitive phrase
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13-8 IT + INFINITIVE: USING FOR (SOMEONE)
(e) We don’t have to go to work today.
(f) It isn’t necessary for us to go to work today.
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13-8 IT + INFINITIVE: USING FOR (SOMEONE)
(e) We don’t have to go to work today.
(f) It isn’t necessary for us to go to work today.
(g) A dog can’t drive a car.
(h) It is impossible for a dog to drive a car.
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13-8 LET’S PRACTICE
World leaders should be honest.
It is important ________________________.for world leaders to be honest
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13-8 LET’S PRACTICE
In some cultures, brides wear red.
In some cultures, it is appropriate ___________________.for brides to wear red
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13-8 LET’S PRACTICE
Snakes can’t run.
It is impossible _______________.for snakes to run
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13-9 EXPRESSING PURPOSE WITH IN ORDER TO AND FOR
I am going to college in order to get a good
education.
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In order to purpose
13-9 EXPRESSING PURPOSE WITH IN ORDER TO AND FOR
- Why are you going to college?
(a) I am going to college because I want a good education.
(b) I am going to college in order to get a good education.
(c) I am going to college to get a good education.
samemeaning
in order frequently omitted
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13-9 EXPRESSING PURPOSE WITH IN ORDER TO AND FOR
(d) I am going to college for an education.
for purposepreposition noun
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13-9 EXPRESSING PURPOSE WITH IN ORDER TO AND FOR
(d) I am going to college for an education.(e) I am going to college to get an education.
INCORRECT: I am going to college for to get an education.
INCORRECT: I am going to college for getting an education.
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13-9 LET’S PRACTICE
I went to the ATM in order to withdraw money.
CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
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13-9 LET’S PRACTICE
I went to the ATM for to withdraw money.
CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
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13-9 LET’S PRACTICE
I went to the ATM for withdrawing money.
CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
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13-10 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH
This dessert is too delicious to resist.
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13-10 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH
(a) Hang gliding is too scary to try.
(b) Hang gliding is too scary for me to try.
(c) Hang gliding is too scary for Sue to try.
TOO + ADJECTIVE + (FOR SOMEONE) + INFINITIVE
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13-10 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH
Hang gliding is too scary to try. Don’t even
think of trying it.
too + adjective negative result
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13-10 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH
Hang gliding is too scary. I can’t do it.
Flying is very scary, but I can do it.
COMPARE
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13-10 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH
(d) I don’t have enough time to mop the floor.ENOUGH + NOUN + INFINITIVE
(e) Do you have enough time to do it?
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13-10 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH
I’m not strong enough to mop the floor.
ADJECTIVE + ENOUGH + INFINITIVE
(g) Are you strong enough to do it?
(f)
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13-10 LET’S PRACTICE
I am too clumsy. I can’t be a waitress.
I am ______________________.too clumsy to be a waitress
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13-10 LET’S PRACTICE
These shoes are too small for me.
These shoes aren’t ________________.big enough for me
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13-10 LET’S PRACTICE
Hang gliding takes a lot of courage.
I don’t have ______________ to try it.enough courage
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