Lesson | Acid and Base Theories

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Hydrochloric acid: strong0.010 M HCIpH � 2

Formic acid: weak0.010 M HCOOHpH � 2.6

HCl HCOOHCl�H� HCOO�H�

Particle Views of a Strong and Weak Acid

Strong acids and strong bases dissociate completely into ions.

Weak acids and weak bases dissociate only partially into ions.Big Idea

BIOLOGYCONNECTIONFormic acid, HCOOH, is the simplest carboxylic acid. It is most famous for its presence in bee stings and ant bites. In fact, the word formic comes from

the Latin word for ant.

Kim

Taylor/N

ature

Pictu

re Lib

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Lesson | Acids and Bases

Heartburn

Acids and Bases

THINK ABOUT IT

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EXPLORING THE TOPIC

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CONSUMERCONNECTIONCarbonic acid, H2CO3, and phosphoric acid, H3PO4, are two acids found in carbonated soft drinks. The phosphoric acid acts as a fl avoring and a preservative, while the carbonic acid is a byproduct of carbonation.

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CHAPTER 4Moving Electrons

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How to Use This Book

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How to Use This Book

Chapter | Physically Changing Matter

LESSON SUMMARY

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KEY TERMS

proportional

proportionality constant

Reading Questions

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Reason and Apply

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INCHES 1 2 3 4 5 6

cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5

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Storm number

Height (cm)

Volume (cm3)

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Chapter | Pressing Matter

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Charles’s law 5 5

Gay-Lussac’s law 5 5

Boyle’s law 5 a b 5

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Important to Know

All temperatures

must be

converted to the Kelvin

scale when completing

gas law problems.

Balloon with Air

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Chapter | Summary

Toxins Update

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REVIEW EXERCISES

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1 ¡1 ¡ 1

1 ¡ 1

1 ¡ 1

1 ¡ 1

1 ¡ 1

1 ¡

CHAPTER 13

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

physical changecoeffi cientformula unitcombination reactiondecomposition reactionsingle exchange reaction (single replacement)double exchange reaction (double replacement)

Toxins in the EnvironmentResearch a potentially toxic substance (your teacher may assign you one). Find out where in your environment you might fi nd this substance and describe its eff ects on the body. Prepare a short report.

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Unit | Review

UNIT1

Alchemy | REVIEW

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Positive proton

Negative electron

Uncharged neutron

Dirk W

iersma/Science Source

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Unit | Review

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REVIEW EXERCISES

General Review

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STANDARDIZED TEST PREPARATION

Multiple Choice

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The Granger Collection, NYC—All rights reserved.

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How to Use This Book

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Appendix A | Math Spotlights

Ap

pe

nd

ix A

: M

ath

Sp

otl

igh

ts

Practice Exercises

5 5

5 5

5 5

Answers

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Solution

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Appendix A: Math

Spotlights

Prefi x MultipleScientifi c Notation Prefi x Multiple

Scientifi c Notation

2

2

m 2

2

2

2

QuantityUnit

(abbreviation)

Length Conversions

Solution

? 5 ? 5

The Mass of One Liter

8

8

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Glossary

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How to Use This Book

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• • • •

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Laboratory Safety

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•

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•

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Laboratory Safety

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Note to Students

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