071f1080 principals of defense ppt

8/3/2019 071F1080 Principals of Defense PPT

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DEFENSIVEOPERATIONS

They couldn’t hit an elephant at this dist........”

Last words of General John SedgwickBattle of Spotsylvania, 1864



TERMINAL LEARNINGOBJECTIVE

Action: Conduct defensive operations.

Condition: Given FMs, student handouts,reading assignments, and aninstructor in a classroom withtraining materials.

Standards: Conduct defensive operations IAWFM 3-21.8, FM 3-21.10, FM 3-0, andachieve a 70% score on the overalltest.



ADMINISTRATION

Safety None

Risk assessment Low

Environmental None

Evaluation Yes



ENABLING LEARNINGOBJECTIVE A

Action: Determine the purpose of thedefense.

Conditions: Given FMs, student handouts,

reading assignments, and aninstructor in a classroom withtraining materials.

Standards: Determine the purpose of the

defense IAW FM 3-21.8, FM3-21.10FM 3-0, and achieve a

70%score on the overall test.



THE PURPOSE OFDEFENSIVE

OPERATIONS



DEFENSIVE OPERATIONS

PRIMARY REASON

The purpose of defensive operations is to cause anenemy attack to fail and create

conditions favorable for assuming theoffensive.



WHY CONDUCT DEFENSIVEOPERATIONS?

To defeat an enemy attack

To gain time to prepare for other operations

To allow a higher commander to concentrate

forces elsewhere

To control key enemy forces as a prelude to

offensive operations

To retain key or decisive terrain



ENABLING LEARNINGOBJECTIVE B

Action: Determine the Characteristics ofthe Defense.

Condition: Given FMs, student handouts,

reading assignments, and aninstructor in a classroom withtraining materials.

Standards: Determine the Characteristics of

the Defense IAW FM 3-21.8, FM3-21.10, FM 3-0, and achieve a70% pass on the test.



CHARACTERISTICS OF THEDEFENSE

Massing Effects

Flexibility

Preparation

Security

Disruption



PREPARATION

Arrive in the battle area before the attacker andtake advantage of:

Use METT-TC to identify potential friendly andenemy weaknesses

Synchronize the concept of the operation with all

available resources Ensure 360 degree security with WPN systems

Begin R&S plan immediately



MASSING EFFECTS

Defenders seek to mass the effects of

overwhelming combat power where theychoose and shift it to support the decisiveoperation, or Main Effort (ME).



DISRUPTION

Disrupts the attacker’s tempo and synchronization

by countering his initiative and preventing him from

massing overwhelming combat power.

Interrupts the attacker’s fire support, logistical support, andCommand and Control (C2).

Defenders use spoiling attacks before enemies can focuscombat power, and counterattacks before they can

consolidate any gains.



FLEXIBILITY

The defender must be agile enough to avoid theattackers blows and then strike back effectively.

Derived from sound preparation and effective C2.

Ability to shift the Main Effort (ME).Aggressive Recon and Surveillance (R&S).

Retention of a reserve.

Preparation in depth such as alternate and supplementary

positions.



SECURITY

Never permit the enemy to acquire an unexpectedadvantage.

Security operations help deceive the enemy as to friendlylocations, strengths, and weaknesses.

TYPES OF DEFENSIVE



TYPES OF DEFENSIVEOPERATIONS

MOBILE DEFENSE

AREA DEFENSE

RETROGRADE

ENABLING LEARNING



ENABLING LEARNINGOBJECTIVE C

Action: Identify factors of defensiveplanning.


reading assignments, aninstructor, and a classroomwith training materials.

Standards: Identify factors of defensiveplanning IAW FM 3-21.8, FM 3-

21.10, FM 3-0, and achieve a70% score on the overall test.



DEFENSIVE PLANNING

Where / How to defend

Sequence of the defense

Types of positions

Occupation plan

Security plan

Reserve

Fire control measures



WHERE TO DEFEND

DEFENSIVE TECHNIQUES:

Defend in Sector

Defend from a Battle Position

Defend from a Strongpoint

Defend a Perimeter

Defense of a Reverse Slope



DEFEND IN SECTOR

Consists of sectors.Positions are arrayed in depth.

Strength of this defense is flexibility.

Enemy oriented, not terrain oriented.

Very effective as it allows the enemy to exposehis flanks, Command and Control, andCombat Support (CS) assets.

DEFEND FROM A BATTLE



DEFEND FROM A BATTLEPOSITION

More linear and centralized.Achieves surprise and allows maneuver between

battle positions (BPs).

Effective in concentrating combat powerinto engagement areas (EAs).

Mutually supporting battle positions cover likelyenemy avenues of approach and vehicular

movement.



PERIMETER DEFENSE

Platoons prepare a perimeter defense when thereare no friendly units adjacent to it.

Disperse the platoon into a circular configuration

for 360 degree security; actual shape is terraindependent.



DEFEND A STRONG POINT

Hold key or decisive terrain.

Block an avenue of approach.

Canalize the enemy.

A strong point is defended until the unit is formally relieved orordered out.

A strong point defense includes:Reinforcing each individual fighting position to withstandsmall-arms fire, mortar fire, and artillery fragments.

The stockpiling of food, water, ammunition, tools, and medicalsupplies.

Construct formidable obstacles and minefields.Construct range cards for each position and confirm them byfire.

DEFEND FROM A



DEFEND FROM AREVERSE SLOPE

A reverse slope defense masks friendly forces behind thecrest of a hill from enemy direct fire and groundobservation.

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Close contact / Surprise Fields of Fire are short

CAS and IDF degraded Degrade observation

Exposes the tops of vehicles Enemy assaults downhill

Can use dummy positions Forward obstacles areonly covered by direct

fire



SEQUENCE OF THE DEFENSE

Prepare for combatMove to defensive positions

Establish defensive positions

Locate the enemy

Initiate contact / Actions on enemy contact

Fight the defense

Consolidate & Reorganize



CONSIDERATIONS

Defend in depthCreate mutual support as much as possible

Use passive and active security measures

Make maximum use of key weapon systems (to includeindirect fire weapon systems)

Decide on obstacle composition and location

Emplace machine-guns along likely dismounted avenues ofapproach

Emplace anti-armor weapons against likely mounted

avenues of approachMake maximum use of offensive action



TYPES OF BATTLE POSITIONS

Primary

Alternate

Supplementary



Primary, Alternate and subsequent battle positions example



OCCUPATION OF

THE DEFENSE



OCCUPATION PLAN

Prevents confusion

Establishes security quickly

Allows parallel planning

Allows priority of work to commence ASAP

WHY?



PRIORITY OF WORK

Establish securityPosition key weapons

Clear fields of fire and prepare range cards

Prepare fighting positions

Emplace obstacles and mines

Prepare alternate positions

Establish work rest plan

Stockpile ammunition, food, and water



SECURITY PLANS

Active Measures

Recon and Surveillance patrols

Stand-To / Stand-Down

Ground Surveillance Radar (GSR)

Passive Measures

Noise, Light & Litter Discipline

Radio Silence

Camouflage

Counter-reconnaissance



RESERVE

At platoon level, the reserve may consist of arifle squad, fire team, or the platoon

headquarters element.

Some situations require committed forces to"be prepared" to act as a reserve.

The primary purpose of the reserve is to

regain the initiative through counterattack.



DIRECT&

INDIRECT FIRECONTROL MEASURES

ENABLING LEARNING



OBJECTIVE D

Action: Identify employmentconsiderations of weapons

systems in the defense.


reading assignments, aninstructor, and a classroomwith training materials.

Standards: Discuss the employment ofweapon systems in the defenseIAW FM 3-21.8, FM 3-21.10, and

FM 7-90.



DIRECT FIRES

Types of Direct fireavailable:

Machine guns

M203

AT-4

Close Air Support

Aids to control:

Engagement Areas

Sectors of Fire

Target ReferencePoints (TRP)

Engagement Priorities

WHAT IS AN ENGAGEMENT



AREA?

Where the commander intends to trapand destroy an enemy force using themassed fires of all available weapons.



ENGAGEMENT AREA

Determine where you want to kill the enemy—which is usually along likely enemy avenues ofapproach.

Plan & emplace obstacles.

Emplace direct fire weapons.

Plan indirect fires.

Rehearse the execution of operations in theengagement area.



INDIRECT FIRE ASSETS

Types of indirect fireavailable:

M203

Mortars

Artillery

Naval gun fire

Aids to control:

Targets

Final protective fire

(FPF)Priority targets

NORMAL FPF DIMENSIONS



NORMAL FPF DIMENSIONS

Size Type # of Mortars Width Depth60mm M224 2 60 30

81mm M252 4 120 40

120mm M120 3 180 60

120mm M120 6 360 60

FM 7-90, CHAP 5, PG 5-4

Final Protective Fires: FPFs are preplanned barriers ofboth direct and indirectFires designed to protect friendly troops from an enemydismounted assault.

FPF POSITIONING



81mm

FPF

60mmFPF

MACHINE

GUN FPL

FPF POSITIONING

AB0011 AB0012

TERMINAL LEARNING



OBJECTIVE

Action: Conduct defensive operations.

Condition: Given FMs, student handouts,reading assignments, and an

instructor in a classroom withtraining materials.

Standards: Conduct defensive operations IAWFM 3-21.8, FM 3-21.10, FM 3-0, andachieve a 70% score on the overalltest.

071f1080 principals of defense ppt

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