06 ohp slide handout 1

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* Property of STIPage 1 of 42

The Power of Animation


What is Animation? Principles of Animation Creating Animation Input and Output Device

Considerations

Memory, Storage and Connection Considerations

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1800s

Scientists realized that a series of still images can be used to create the effect of a moving image

Optical toys are used to test out the effects of early animation

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Animation

All about making things move Process of bringing still objects to life

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Pioneers of Animation

J. Stuart Blackton (1875-1941) Winsor McCay (1867-1934) John Bray (1874-1978) Dave and Max Fleischer

(1883-1972, 1884-1979)

Otto Messmer (1892-1983)Walt Disney (1901-1966)

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J. Stuart Blackton

Fore-Father of Animation 1896: Rapid-drawing Cartoonist" for

a series of Edison shorts.

Photographed drawings

The Enchanted Drawing (1900)

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Winsor McCay

Father of character animationWell-known for his newspaper comics

"Little Nemo in Slumberland" (1905-1914)

McCay appeared on stage with his animated dinosaur, Gertie. (1914)

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J. Stuart Blackton

"Humorous Phases of Funny Faces" (1906) Stop-Motion technique Animation drawn on a blackboard

3000 drawings

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Winsor McCay

"The Sinking of the Lusitania" (1918) was the first propaganda animation.

2 years to create 25,000 drawings

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John Bray

Founder of the first animation studio Use of grayscale (as opposed to B&W) "Colonel Heeza Liar's" (1913)

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Otto Messmer

Felix the Cat - First animated character with personality

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Fleischer brothers

Max Fleischer invented the rotoscope technique.

Fleischer Studios Betty Boop, Popeye, and Superman

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Walt Disney

Producer, director, screenwriter, voice-actor, and animator

"Steamboat Willie" -1928 Not the first Mickey

cartoon made or released but considered as Mickey Mouse's true debut

First cartoon with sound!

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Disney: Animation as an Art Form

Innovations Story board to review story Pencil sketch to review motion Colored Sound

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Walt Disney

Three Little Pigs Fully developed personality animation Separate personalities

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Walt Disney

Silly Symphonies (1929) Skeleton Dance Musical Score Ub Iwerks - chief animator

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Walt Disney

Snow white and the seven dwarfs First fully animated feature-length film 83 minutes Gave birth to the

golden age of animation

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1940-1950s

Reactions against the Disney style. Bill Hanna and Joe Barbera

Jetsons, Flinstones, Yogi Bear, Scooby Doo

Tex Avery Droopy Dog

Paul Terry Mighty Mouse and Heckle & Jeckle

Chuck Jones Road Runner, Pepe LePew, Bugs Bunny

and friends

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Squash and Stretch

A traditional animation technique that animators commonly use to give animated objects more realism and weight.

When an object moves, its movement indicates the rigidity of the object.

When a moving object comes into contact with another object, it deforms upon impact unless it is completely rigid.

No matter how much an object squashes or stretches, it should always maintain the same volume.

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Principles of Animation

Squash and Stretch Anticipation Arcs Ease in and Out

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Anticipation

Cues or prepares the audience for a major action the character is about to perform.

Examples: Starting to runAbout to jump

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Arcs

In the real world, almost all action moves in an arc. Joints and Gravity

Grace and clarity of movement Example: Arm movements

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Ease In and Out

Objects do not move in constant speed.

Moving objects end gradually not abruptly

Acceleration

Deceleration

Ease In

Ease Out

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Arcs

Head Turns

Movement of Objects

Arm Movements

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Original idea about any of these three elements that will make the animation memorable

MESSAGE new learning for the audience CHARACTER new character that has never

been seen before

PLOT new setting and build up events

Animation

Message

PlotCharacter

Concept

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What is a Story?

Any sequence of events with a beginning, middle, and an end makes up a story

Story is the most important part of any animation

Makes up the flow of the animation sequence

Stories fall into two main categories: Fact: What actually happened (real

events) Fiction: Events that are imagined to have

happened

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Characters

In designing a character, we look at two aspects:

FaceForm

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Storyline

4 ways of writing stories Something that happened to you (fact) Something that happened to someone

you know (fact) Something imaginary based on a factual

situations (fiction/reality) Something totally imaginary

(fiction/fantasy)

Dramatic twist Unexpected turn The reader is not sure what is going to

happen next.

http://www.makemovies.co.uk/stories

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Characters

Our minds remember the form rather than the details

If form is altered, the character is no longer the same

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Proportion

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A Storyboard

Visual script for your projectPanel-like drawings of key

scenes and events

A visualization of how your animation will look and how the animation is sequenced

A step by step guide to creating the actual animation

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Views

Front Side Back

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Parts of a Storyboard

1. Scene Number

2. Frame Number

3. Duration

4. Scene Title

5. Storyline

6. Camera Angles / Views

7. Dialogue / Narration

8. Sounds

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Voice Acting

The art of providing voices for animated characters (including those in feature films, television series, animated shorts, and video games) and radio and audio dramas and comedy, doing voice-overs in radio and television commercials, audio dramas, dubbed foreign language films, video games, puppet shows, and amusement rides.

Performers are called voice actors, voice actresses, or voice artists

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Creating Animation

In the traditional animation process, animators will begin by drawing sequences of animation on sheets of paper, one picture or "frame" at a time.

A key animator or lead animator will draw the key drawings in a scene, using the character layouts as a guide.

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Voice Recording

A script is written by a scriptwriter for the character dialogues

Voices for an animation is recorded before the actual animation is created

The voices recorded will be synchronized with the animation later in post-production

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Creating Animation

Every second of finished film consists of 24 frames, requiring 12 to 24 drawings, depending upon the speed of movement

Faster movements need more drawings per second

Slower moves can be animated with less drawings

14 frames per second already gives the Persistence of Vision effect

The more frames in the animation, the smoother the output

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Digital Animation

Today, animation can be created digitally with software like Adobe Flash, Toon Boom, Toufee, KoolMoves, Express Animator, and Anime Studio, all of which export the animated movie in a .swf format.

SWF format is a very light file that can be easily distributed over the Internet.

SWF files are in vector file format. They can be used to transfer animation to 35 mm film (for video) without any compromise in image quality.

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Animation Uses

Animation traditionally comes in the form of cartoons or movies. It is primarily used for entertainment.

In multimedia projects, these cartoons or movies have to be created separately, then imported into an interactive application for viewing.

Animation in multimedia projects are used for introductions, splash pages, simulations, product demos, and presentations.

Screen transitions (dissolve, fade out, zooms, etc) are not considered real animation. These are merely visual effects.

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Digital Animation

Animators take advantage of the software's ability to organize a large number of assets (such as characters, scenes, movements, and props) for later re-use.

Digital Timeline

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Hardware

Configuring hardware specifications for a multimedia computer processing power the type of capture needed the medium that will be used to deliver

the multimedia application the capacity needed to store media and

applications

Issues not to optimize applications for high

performance processors multimedia applications must run

adequately on low specification CD-ROM drives or develop programs that will copy files requiring fast access on to the end users hard disk drives

test the multimedia application with a low specification monitor and declare a minimum standard for end users

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Input Devices

A variety of input devices can be used for the development and delivery of multimedia

Common input devices for multimedia Keyboard Pointing Device Image and Picture Input Video Input Voice and Sound Input Reading devices

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Storage Device

Non-volatile Secondary Storage Device

Factors in choosing Capacity Speed

Hardware SpeedHard Disk FastestFlash Memory Cards and USB Flash DrivesCD and DVD Slowest

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06 ohp slide handout 1

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