An overview on the Cold application throughout the worldJacques GuilpartHead of the Refrigeration processes engineering research unit, Cemagref, France

French delegate to the International Institute of refrigeration jacques.guilpart@cemagref.fr + 33 1 40 96 60 26

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The cold : an evident application on food

The food cold chain in 1900th

Thermodynamics discoveryUnit de recherche Gnie des Procds Frigorifiques

The cold : an evident application on food

The food cold chain in 1950th

CFC discovery in the 1930th

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The cold : an evident application on food The food cold chain today

Cf V. Silvera, M. Debord, G. Chuzel, L. de Camargo, N. FilhoUnit de recherche Gnie des Procds Frigorifiques

The cold : some less evident applications on food

Texturation and formulationButter and fat Chocolate Dairy products and other semiliquid foods Ice creams

LyophilisationBaby food Prepared meats

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The cold : some less evident applications on food Control of fermentationWine Beer Champaign

Cryoconcentration Cryoseparation

Juices and other liquid foods Tartric acid (wine)

And some other application (Cf J. Evans & R. Masheroni)Unit de recherche Gnie des Procds Frigorifiques

The cold : an evident application on food One can estimate that approx 60% of the food we eat in developed countries needs cold application :530 kG/hab. year of solid foods, incl. 308 kg of refrigerated food 42 kg of frozen food.

Over the 4 500 Mt of the food produced worldwide, 1 500 Mt could be refrigerated to good effect but only 350 MT are actually refrigerated. 25% up to 30% of the world food production is lost; the application of cold could save a large amount of this food. 3 million death per year are caused by unhealthy diet; the application of cold could drastically reduce this deplorable score.

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But the cold throughout the world is also

Air conditioningin the 1950th early

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But the cold throughout the world is also

and more and more today Domestic Buildings Mobile

Air conditioning

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But the cold throughout the world is also

Sports and entertainment

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But the cold throughout the world is also

Liquefaction of energetic gasesLNG, LPG

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But the cold throughout the world is also

Liquefaction of industrial gasesN2, O2, CO2 He, H2,

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But the cold throughout the world is also

and the liquefied gases applications in iron industry,

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But the cold throughout the world is also

in aeronautics

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But the cold throughout the world is also

in civil engineering

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But the cold throughout the world is also

and in supra conduction

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But the cold throughout the world is also

Some medical applications for drugs processing(and preservation)

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But the cold throughout the world is also

and in surgerya couple of years ago

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But the cold throughout the world is also

, today and tomorrow

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The cold applications throughout the world

Relative economic weigh of the different activities related to the cold applicationsIndustrial Mobile air conditioning 6% gases 6% LNG + LPG 8% Chilled foods 43%

Air conditioning 12% Frozen foods 25%Unit de recherche Gnie des Procds Frigorifiques

1991

The cold applications throughout the world

An evidence : The cold is largely used in the food industry domain The cold production is mainly based on vapour compression cycles with liquid/vapour phase change (Cf R. Aguilo)CFC, HCFC, HFC and other refrigerants

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The cold applications throughout the world

Ozone layer Global warming => Drastic regulation on chlorinated refrigerant useCf S. Van der Sluis

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The International Institute of Refrigeration

All the mentioned topics are the concern of the international institute of refrigeration

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Intergovernmental organization 61 Member CountriesUnit de recherche Gnie des Procds Frigorifiques

The International Institute of Refrigeration

Mission of the IIR!

To promote expansion of knowledge and to disseminate information on all refrigeration technologies and all applications for the benefit of humanity

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To promote knowledge of refrigeration technologies and all applications in order to address todays major issues Food safety Protection of the environment Reduction of global warming Prevention of ozone depletion Development of the least developed countries Food Health

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The International Institute of Refrigeration

E1

Air conditioning

E D C B A

Heat pumps, energy recovery Refrigerated transport

E2

D1

Refrigerated storage

D2

C1

Cryobiology, cryomedicine Thermodynamics and transfer processes Cryophysics, cryoengineering

Food science and engineering Refrigerating equipment Liquefaction and separation of gases

C2

B1

B2

A1

A2

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The International Institute of Refrigeration

IIR services and deliverables

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The International Institute of Refrigeration

Training Courses! !

Good Practice in Refrigeration Refrigeration and Preservation of Fruit and Vegetables Refrigeration and Preservation of Fish Refrigeration and the Environment Refrigeration Fundamentals

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The International Institute of Refrigeration

Working partiesWP Phase-Change Materials and Ice Slurries WP Mitigation of GHGs WP Preservation of Genetic Resources WP Refrigerant System Safety WP Data and Models (Food) WP Cold Chain in Developing Countries WP Cold Chain Optimization WP Magnetic Cooling WP Energy Labelling in the Cold Chain SC Test Stations (refrigerated transport) SC Display Cabinets Chairman L. Fournaison P. Lundqvist L. Rolfsman B. Nicolai N. Amos P. Egolf G. Panozzo G. Johansson S. Van der Sluis

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The International Institute of Refrigeration

Organisation and sponsoring of conferences1) 10th WFLO Education Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Feb. 5-6, 2007 2) 2nd International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature, Portoroz, Slovenia, April 11-13, 2007 3) Ammonia Refrigeration Technology for Today and Tomorrow, Ohrid, Macedonia (FYROM), April 19-21, 2007 4) LNG 15 Liquefied Natural Gas, Barcelona, Spain, April 24-27, 2007 5) New Ventures in Freeze-drying, Strasbourg, France, Nov. 7-9, 2007 6) 4th International Conference on Cryogenics ICCR2008, Shanghai, China, April 6-9, 2008 7) 4th Central European Congress of Food CEFood 2008, Cavtat, Croatia, April 9-11, 2008 8) 8th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids (GL2008), Copenhagen, Denmark, Sept. 7-10, 2008 9) International Sorption Heat Pump Conference 2008- ISHPCO8, Seoul, South Korea, Sept. 23-26, 2008Unit de recherche Gnie des Procds Frigorifiques

The International Institute of Refrigeration

Welcome to the 22nd International Congress of Refrigeration Refrigeration creates the future

Beijing, China, August 21-26, 2007Unit de recherche Gnie des Procds Frigorifiques