01 ra41211en70gla0 overview

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© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2015RA41211EN70GLA0

LTE Radio Parameters 1 [RL70]

LTE Functionalities and Features Overview

Nokia Academy



2 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2015RA41211EN70GLA0

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LTE/EPC Network Elements

Main references to architecture in 3GPP specs.: TS23.401,TS23.402,TS36.300

LTE-UE

Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)

MME S10

S6a

ServingGateway

S1-U

S11

PDN

Gateway

PDN

Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

PCRF

S7 Rx+

SGiS5/S8

Evolved Node B

(eNB)

X2

LTE-Uu

HSS

Mobility

Management

Entity Policy &

Charging RuleFunction

S-GW /P-GW

eNB

HSS: Home subscriber server ( part of IMS)




LTE Radio Interface and the X2 Interface

LTE-Uu interface

• Air interface of LTE

• Based on OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in

UL• FDD and TDD duplex methods

• Scalable bandwidth 1.4MHz to currently20 MHz

X2 interface

•

Inter eNB interface• X2AP: special signaling protocol

• Functionalities:

– For an inter- eNB HO to facilitatehandover and provide data forwarding.

– In RRM to provide e.g. load information

to neighboring eNBs to facilitateinterference management

– Logical interface: It does not need directsite-to-site connection, i.e. it can berouted via core network as well

(E)-RRC User PDUs User PDUs

PDCP

..

RLC

MAC

LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)

TS 36.300

eNB

LTE-Uu

eNB

X2

User PDUs

GTP-U

UDP

IP

L1/L2

TS 36.424

X2-UP

(User Plane)X2-CP

(Control Plane)

X2-AP

SCTP

IP

L1/L2TS 36.421

TS 36.422

TS 36.423

TS 36.421

TS 36.420

UDP: User Datagram Protocol ( L4 Transport Layer) . Similar to TCP but only provides connectionless service.




S1-MME & S1-U Interfaces

S1-MME interface• Control interface between eNB and

MME

• S1AP:S1 Application Protocol

• MME and UE will exchange non-access stratum signaling via eNB

through this interface ( i.e.authentication, tracking area updates)

S1-U interface

• User plane interface between eNB andserving gateway

• Pure user data interface (U=User plane)

MME

Serving

Gateway

S1-MME

(Control Plane)

S1-U

(User Plane)

NAS Protocols

S1-AP

SCTP

IP

L1/L2

User PDUs

GTP-U

UDP

IP

L1/L2

TS 36.411

TS 36.411

TS 36.412

TS 36.413

TS 36.414

TS 36.410

[currently in TS 36.300 19]

eNB

S1 interface is divided into two parts:




Physical Layer Technologies

FDD CarrierBandwidth

[MHz]

Number ofResource Blocks

1.4 6

3 15

5 25

10 50

15 75

20 100

- Downlink: OFDMA (Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiple Access).

- Uplink: SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier Frequency

Division Multiple Access).

- Both FDD and TDD modes available.

- Subcarrier spacing 15 kHz.

- Scalable bandwidth.Note: All bandwidth variants are supported by RL70.




7 symbols(0.5 ms)

1 2 s u b c a r r i e r s

( 1 8 0 k H z )

Symbol rate = 168 ksps• QPSK => 2 bits per symbol => 336 kbps

• 16QAM => 4 bits per symbol => 672 kbps

• 64QAM => 6 bits per symbol => 1.008 Mbps

Resource Block (RB)• Basic unit of resource

• 12 subcarriers wide in the frequency domain

• 7 symbols long in the time domain

• Thus, 84 symbols per resource block

• Bit Rate per Resource Block depends uponmodulation scheme

Exercise - Theoretical RB Capacity

(normal cyclic prefix case)

Bit Rates perResource Block

Based upon 3GPPTS 36.211

TTI is 1 ms, i.e.duration of 2resource blocks




Channel Bandwidth

1.4 MHz 3 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz

QPSK 2.016 5.040 8.400 16.800 25.200 33.600

16QAM 4.032 10.080 16.800 33.600 50.400 67.200

64QAM 6.048 15.120 25.200 50.400 75.600 100.800

64QAM (2×2 MIMO) 12.096 30.240 50.400 100.800 151.200 201.600

64QAM (4×4 MIMO) 24.192 60.480 100.800 201.600 302.400 403.200

• Bit Rates per Resource Block Number of Resource Blocks

• These bit rates are applicable to the bottom of the Physical Layer , i.e.coding rate has not been taken into account

• Also requirement to account for the overheads generated by Reference andSynchronization Signals + other Physical Channels

Exercise - Theoretical LTE Bit Rates - Downlink

Figures in Mbps




Modulation coding 1.4 MHz 3.0 MHz 5.0 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz QPSK 1/2 Single stream 0.7 2.1 3.5 7.0 10.6 14.1 16QAM 1/2 Single stream 1.4 4.1 7.0 14.1 21.2 28.3 16QAM 3/4 Single stream 2.2 6.2 10.5 21.1 31.8 42.4 64QAM 3/4 Single stream 3.3 9.3 15.7 31.7 47.7 63.6 64QAM 4/4 Single stream 4.3 12.4 21.0 42.3 63.6 84.9 64QAM 3/4 2x2 MIMO 6.6 18.9 31.9 64.3 96.7 129.1

64QAM 1/1 2x2 MIMO 8.8 25.3 42.5 85.7 128.9 172.1 64QAM 1/1 4x4 MIMO 16.6 47.7 80.3 161.9 243.5 325.1

LTE Peak Layer 1 Data Rates

• Downlink: Peak Rate 172 Mbps with 2x2 MIMO and 20 MHz

Modulation coding 1.4 MHz 3.0 MHz 5.0 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz QPSK 1/2 Single stream 0.7 2.0 3.5 7.1 10.8 14.3

16QAM 1/2 Single stream 1.4 4.0 6.9 14.1 21.6 28.5 16QAM 3/4 Single stream 2.2 6.0 10.4 21.2 32.4 42.8 16QAM 1/1 Single stream 2.9 8.1 13.8 28.2 43.2 57.0 64QAM 3/4 Single stream 3.2 9.1 15.6 31.8 48.6 64.2 64QAM 1/1 Single stream 4.3 12.1 20.7 42.3 64.8 85.5 64QAM 1/1 V-MIMO (cell) 8.6 24.2 41.5 84.7 129.6 171.1

20 MHz

• Uplink: Peak Rate 57 Mbps with 20 MHz and 16QAM




LTE UE Categories

• All categories support 20 MHz

• 64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5 and 8)

• 2x2 or higher MIMO mandatory in classes in Classes >1• Class 6, 7 & 8 added for R10

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5

10/5 Mbps 50/25Mbps 100/50Mbps 150/50Mbps 299/75MbpsPeak rateDL/UL

20 MHzRFbandwidth

20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz

64QAMModulationDL

64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM

16QAMModulationUL

16QAM 64QAM16QAM 16QAM

Yes Rx diversity Yes YesYes Yes

OptionalMIMO DL 2x2 4x42x2 2x2

Class 6 Class 7 Class 8

301/50Mbps 301/102Mbps 3000/1500Mbps

20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz

64QAM 64QAM 64QAM

64QAM16QAM 16QAM

YesYes Yes

8x82x2 or 4x4 2x2 or 4x4




RRM FrameworkScope of RRM:

Management and optimized utilization of the (scarce) radio resources:

• Provision for each service/bearer/user an adequate QoS (if applicable)

• Increasing the overall radio network capacity and optimizing quality

UE scope: Handover control, power control, Adaptive Modulation and Coding,outer link quality control, MIMO

Cell scope: Radio Admission Control, Congestion Control

eNode B scope: Packet Scheduler (cell scope for simpler implementation)

RAN scope: Load Balancing

Multi-RAT scope: Interworking with GSM/EDGE, UMTS and CDMA2000, inter-RAT HO




RRM Framework

•Radio Admission Control : Admission control will be in charge of deciding

when new users (or mobility users) are allowed to establish bearers in thecell

•Handover control: Is in charge of the mobility control within the LTE RRM.Based on UE reported events it will select the appropriate target cell forHO and initiate mobility procedures.

•

Packet Scheduler : Is in charge of UL and DL scheduling every TTI andresource allocation. PS will decide which users are scheduled on a TTIbasis, the location and the amount of resources allocated to each user.

•AMC (OLQC, OLLA): AMC will perform link adaptation tasks to ensureradio resources are used in the most efficient way possible.

•MIMO: This module is in charge of selecting whether Transmit diversity,

Spatial multiplexing or dynamic switching between previous two modes willbe employed for every user based on UE feedback

•Power control: For DL it will be a semi static configuration but for UL RRMwill provide feedback for closed loop power control to reduce ULinterference.

Functional Description of the different RRM Modules




Layer 3RRM

Connection Mobility Control

Layer 2RRM

Time Scale

CallDuration

InterhandoverTime

ChannelFadingTime

Burst or PacketDuration

Traffic, Channel andLocation Variations

Radio Admission Control

Fast DL AMC

1 ms

10 ms

100 ms

1 s

10 s

100 s

Load Balancing , Congestion Control

Packet Scheduling (UL/DL), fast ATBATB = Adaptive Transmission Bandwidth

L3 SignalingDelay

Slow ULPower Control(open/closed

Loop)

Outer Link Quality Control (OLQC)

UEDRX/DTXControl

LTE TTI

Slow UL LA/AMC,Slow UL ATB

DynamicMIMO

Control

RRM Framework: Time Scale of RRM Functions




RL70 features

Radio Resource Management and Telecom features

LTE1042: Nominal Bitrate for non-GBR bearersLTE1113: eICIC - macro

LTE1127: Service Based Mobility Trigger

LTE1140: Intra-Frequency Load Balancing

LTE1406: Extended VoLTE talk time

LTE1496: eICIC - micro

LTE1562: Carrier aggregation for multicarriere Node Bs

LTE1617: RLF Triggered Handover

LTE1691: Uplink intra-eNB CoMP 4Rx

LTE1731: Serving PLMN ID Change During X2 Based Handover

LTE1800: Downlink interference shaping

LTE1803: Downlink carrier aggregation 3 CC - 40 MHz

LTE1841: Inter-Frequency Load Equalization

LTE1894: Reference signal power deboostingLTE2033: Additional carrier aggregation band combinations - I

LTE2050: Load triggered Idle Mode Load Balancing

LTE2091: FDD Supercell Extension

LTE2112: Dedicated Mobility Thresholds for SRVCC

LTE2209: eICIC enhancements - macro




RL70 features

Transport and transmission features

LTE610: Timing over Packet ResilienceLTE648: SCTP Multi-homing

LTE891: Timing over Packet with Phase Synch

LTE1240: User Layer TCP MSS clamping

LTE1266: BTS and BTS Site Reset Support

LTE1710: Sync Hub Direct Forward

LTE1753: Backup IPsec Tunnel

LTE1781: Integrated Multi-GNSS Sync Support




RL70 features

Operability features

LTE908: ANR Inter-RAT UTRAN - Fully UE-based

LTE1076: Support of TLS 1.2

LTE1448: VLAN Scan Optimization

LTE1474: Basic Multiradio BTS Boot-up

LTE1481: OMS LDAP web GUI

LTE1634: Remote RF-diagnostics for Flexi Multiradio BTS

LTE1634: Remote RF-diagnostics for Flexi Multiradio

LTE1685: Neighbor Relation Robustness

LTE1721: X2 IP Address Exchange

LTE1768: MRO Ping Pong

LTE1808: Automatic PUCCH Capacity Optimization

LTE1821: Neighbor Detection Optimization for HetNet

LTE1822: PCI Assignment Optimization for HetNet

LTE1823: Neighbor Prioritization Optimization for HetNet

LTE1854: System Upgrade to RL70LTE1914: RIP (Received Interference Power) measurement report extension/Support RIP initiated alarms

LTE1951: Automatic Configuration support for CA for multi-carrier eNBs

LTE2020: PRACH Management Optimization for HetNet




RL70 features

Performance monitoring features

LTE1053: Real-time KPI-monitoring with TrafficaLTE1491: Additional Layer 1 performance measurements

LTE1501: Measurement Report (MR) addition to cell trace

LTE1697: Timing Advance Histogram PM-counter

LTE1740: PM Counters enhancement for RAB-modification/context/TM7

LTE1931: Measurement Report addition with UE Uplink SINR

LTE1935: PM counters for E-RAB HO incoming; RRC/ERAB setup time

LTE1960: PM-Counters for E-RAB Establishment monitoring (non-GBR QCI)

LTE2054: Measurement Report addition with PDCP KPI counter subset




RL70 featuresBTS site solution features

LTE1149: FHFB Flexi RRH 4TX 1900installing Flexi

LTE1556: 3-RAT RF Sharing 2G-3G and 2G-4G

LTE1719: FXED Flexi RF Module 6TX 1800

LTE1728: FWEA Flexi Zone BTS 1800 (Band 3)

LTE1745: Up to 12 optical RF ports for high capacity BTS configurations

LTE1746: LTE extended configurations up to 6 frequency bands

LTE1961: FWHC Flexi Zone Enhanced BTS 2600 (Band 7, Low Band)

LTE1977: RAS configurations in RL70

LTE2002: FWHG Flexi Zone Indoor BTS 2600 (Band 7)

LTE2019: Advanced Dual Carrier Operation within same RF Unit

LTE2028: Outdoor External GNSS Module with Enhanced Holdover - FYGG

LTE2032: FHGA Low Power RRH 2TX 2100 (Trial)

LTE2040: FHDA Flexi RRH 2TX 900

LTE2041: FHEF Flexi RRH 2TX 1800installing Flexi

LTE2055: FWFA Flexi Zone BTS 1900 (Band 25)

LTE2079: LTE-GSM RF sharing with full FBBC support

LTE2080: LTE-WCDMA RF sharing with full FBBC support

LTE2118: Directional Antenna for 7.2L MicroLTE2136: FWHH Flexi Zone Indoor Pico BTS Band7 + WiFi

LTE2212: FWIC FZ Indoor Pico Band AWS with WiFi

LTE2213: FWFB FZ Indoor Pico Band PCS (2/25) with WiFi

LTE2338: FWHO Flexi Zone BTS 2600 (Band 7, Low Band)

LTE2339: FWHN Flexi Zone BTS 2600 (Band 7, High Band)

LTE2340: FWHM Flexi Zone Enhanced BTS 2600 (Band 7, High Band)

LTE2452: Flexi RAS Single RRH FASA (1.8m/6ft Antenna)




LTE (FDD) RRM & Telecom Roadmap

Services

Cell Resource Groups

Multimedia Priority Service

Capacity / Coverage

Downlink Carrier Aggregation

40 MHz

UL Intra eNB CoMP

Interference Aware UplinkPower Control

C-Plane Overload Handling

Mobility

RAN Information Management

Support

Inter RAT Handover fromWCDMA

eCS Fallback to CDMA/1xRTT

Inter RAT Handover to eHRPD

RL60 RL70 FDD-LTE15Under Planning

User Experience & Radio Efficiency

Downlink Carrier Aggregation 3CC -40MHz

Multiband Carrier Aggregation

Nominal Bitrate

Intra Frequency Load Balancing

eICIC / FeICIC

DL CoMP - DL Interference Shaping

Radio Link Failure Triggered Handover

Service based mobility

Inter Frequency Load Equalization Site Solutions

Extended RF Connectivity with MultilayerConfigurations

Flexi RF Module 6x60W 1800*

3-RAT RF sharing 2G-3G & 2G-4G

Flexi Zone Micro BTS

Operational Excellence

MDT Enhancements

HetNet Deployment Optimization

Real Time KPI Monitoring

MRO for Ping Pong

Inter RAT ANR WCDMA – UE based

Transport

Timing over Packet with Phase Synch

TCP MSS Clamping

SCTP Multi-homing

Timing-over-Packet Resilience

Backup IPsec tunnel

User Experience & Radio Efficiency

Downlink Carrier Aggregation 3 CC - 60MHz

Flexible SCell Selection

LTE eMBMS

LTE-UTRAN Load Balancing

Site Solutions

Inter eNB RF Sharing

eNode B Power Saving

Flexi Metro RRH 2100

Operational Excellence

Mobility Robustness Optimization InterRAT

MDT UE measurement logs

Flexi Multiradio BTS Antenna Rx RF-Sniffing

Parameter Level Logging

Transport

Dual U-plane IP Addresses

Source Based Routing in BTS

Hybrid Synchronization

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