Effects of Immigration

Effects of Immigration

1

Immigration Activity:What you should have learned:Time of high anxiety20% of immigrants failed medical exam or legal interview 2% were deported Process lasted several agonizing hours

2Beyond Ellis/Angel Island: City Life: Immigrants lived in poor neighborhoodsAreas with factories, slum/cheap housingHome Countries formed Little Italy, China Town, etc.Most worked in factoriesDangerous work

3Response to ImmigrationUnwelcomed because of: Lack of moneyLack of educationUnfamiliar culture Dislike and fear Fear of religious/cultural differences Fear of economic threat- taking US jobs, lowering wages, etc. Nativist: policy of favoring native born Americans over immigrants Literacy test4

Looking Backward6Help for Immigrants Settlement house: community center that provided a variety of services to the poor immigrants Day care, classes, health clinics, etc.Social Gospel Movement: Preached salvation through service to the poor

7Emergence of Political MachinesDog-eat-dog Social Darwinism

Political Machines- Organized group that controlled the activities of a political party in a cityCITY BOSSWARD BOSSESPRECINCT WORKERS/ CAPTAINSControlled activities of political parties

Gain votes by doing favors & providing servicesGain voters on city blocksPolitical BossesControlled access to jobs, business licenses & influenced courts

Worked their way up

Bilingual Relate to immigrants

Hired and fired police officersMOTIVATION: Money & Power

Graft Illegal use of political influence for personal gain

Election fraud by using fake names to vote

Ex) Hire contractor Charge city more than cost pocket extraBoss TweedHead of NYC Democratic Political Machine(Tammany Hall)

1869-1871

Corrupt, fraud, embezzlement

As you watch the clip I want you to write down any examples of:Social Gospel MovementPolitical machines at workNativism

Americanization MovementDesigned to assimilate people of different cultures into dominant cultureSponsored by US government

Teach immigrants skills needed for citizenship

Led to increased nativismChinese Exclusion Act banned all unskilled Chinese immigrantsGentlemens Agreement- Limit # of unskilled Japanese immigrants

Fear in the west that Chinese were taking their jobs1882 congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act (10yrs.)Banned entry to all Chinese except:Students, teachers, merchants, tourists, government officials1892 extended for another 10 yrs.1902 Chinese immigration was restricted indefinitely Repealed in 1943

Gentlemens AgreementAnti-Chinese leads to anti-Japanese and other AsiansSan Francisco board of Education segregated Japanese students (1906)Pres. Roosevelt works out a deal (Gentlemen's Agreement)Japan would limit the number of unskilled workers U.S. would repeal the San Francisco segregation order

13All Immigrants StruggleDiscrimination Accused of not wanting to be AmericanAccused of stealing jobs Living in poor areas Working for less paySeen as uneducated because of language barrier

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Immigration Today15Challenges of Urbanization

UrbanizationRapid growth of cities

1870-1920 Population 10 mil 54 mil1910: Immigrant families made up more than half the total population of 18 major cities

Why Move to Cities?Cheaper/convenientJobs

Problems : HousingTenements: Multifamily urban dwellingsHORRIBLE CONDITIONS

Improvements:Set building standards: plumbing & ventilation

Problems: TransportationMass transit: Transportation systems designed to move large amounts of peopleStreet cars, subways

Problems : WaterInadequate plumbing

Public worksFiltration introduced 1870sChlorination in 1908

Problems : SanitationHorse poop, sewage, polluted air1900 Created sewage line & sanitation departments

Problems : CrimePickpockets & thieves

1844 : 1st paid police force (NYC)

Problems : FiresFires in major citiesLack of waterBuildings---wooden structuresTenants use candles & kerosene

Sprinkler systems & replace buildings with bricks, concreteCreate fire departmentsFIRE: Enemy of the CityChicago (Oct 8-10, 1871)

San Francisco (Apr 18, 1906)

Americas ProblemsProblems stem from: IndustrializationImmigrationUrbanizationHow will America fix these problems?