Effects of Immigration
Effects of Immigration
1
Immigration Activity:What you should have learned:Time of high anxiety20% of immigrants failed medical exam or legal interview 2% were deported Process lasted several agonizing hours
2Beyond Ellis/Angel Island: City Life: Immigrants lived in poor neighborhoodsAreas with factories, slum/cheap housingHome Countries formed Little Italy, China Town, etc.Most worked in factoriesDangerous work
3Response to ImmigrationUnwelcomed because of: Lack of moneyLack of educationUnfamiliar culture Dislike and fear Fear of religious/cultural differences Fear of economic threat- taking US jobs, lowering wages, etc. Nativist: policy of favoring native born Americans over immigrants Literacy test4
Looking Backward6Help for Immigrants Settlement house: community center that provided a variety of services to the poor immigrants Day care, classes, health clinics, etc.Social Gospel Movement: Preached salvation through service to the poor
7Emergence of Political MachinesDog-eat-dog Social Darwinism
Political Machines- Organized group that controlled the activities of a political party in a cityCITY BOSSWARD BOSSESPRECINCT WORKERS/ CAPTAINSControlled activities of political parties
Gain votes by doing favors & providing servicesGain voters on city blocksPolitical BossesControlled access to jobs, business licenses & influenced courts
Worked their way up
Bilingual Relate to immigrants
Hired and fired police officersMOTIVATION: Money & Power
Graft Illegal use of political influence for personal gain
Election fraud by using fake names to vote
Ex) Hire contractor Charge city more than cost pocket extraBoss TweedHead of NYC Democratic Political Machine(Tammany Hall)
1869-1871
Corrupt, fraud, embezzlement
As you watch the clip I want you to write down any examples of:Social Gospel MovementPolitical machines at workNativism
Americanization MovementDesigned to assimilate people of different cultures into dominant cultureSponsored by US government
Teach immigrants skills needed for citizenship
Led to increased nativismChinese Exclusion Act banned all unskilled Chinese immigrantsGentlemens Agreement- Limit # of unskilled Japanese immigrants
Fear in the west that Chinese were taking their jobs1882 congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act (10yrs.)Banned entry to all Chinese except:Students, teachers, merchants, tourists, government officials1892 extended for another 10 yrs.1902 Chinese immigration was restricted indefinitely Repealed in 1943
Gentlemens AgreementAnti-Chinese leads to anti-Japanese and other AsiansSan Francisco board of Education segregated Japanese students (1906)Pres. Roosevelt works out a deal (Gentlemen's Agreement)Japan would limit the number of unskilled workers U.S. would repeal the San Francisco segregation order
13All Immigrants StruggleDiscrimination Accused of not wanting to be AmericanAccused of stealing jobs Living in poor areas Working for less paySeen as uneducated because of language barrier
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Immigration Today15Challenges of Urbanization
UrbanizationRapid growth of cities
1870-1920 Population 10 mil 54 mil1910: Immigrant families made up more than half the total population of 18 major cities
Why Move to Cities?Cheaper/convenientJobs
Problems : HousingTenements: Multifamily urban dwellingsHORRIBLE CONDITIONS
Improvements:Set building standards: plumbing & ventilation
Problems: TransportationMass transit: Transportation systems designed to move large amounts of peopleStreet cars, subways
Problems : WaterInadequate plumbing
Public worksFiltration introduced 1870sChlorination in 1908
Problems : SanitationHorse poop, sewage, polluted air1900 Created sewage line & sanitation departments
Problems : CrimePickpockets & thieves
1844 : 1st paid police force (NYC)
Problems : FiresFires in major citiesLack of waterBuildings---wooden structuresTenants use candles & kerosene
Sprinkler systems & replace buildings with bricks, concreteCreate fire departmentsFIRE: Enemy of the CityChicago (Oct 8-10, 1871)
San Francisco (Apr 18, 1906)
Americas ProblemsProblems stem from: IndustrializationImmigrationUrbanizationHow will America fix these problems?