2015 Flandreau Agronomy Test

Scan Sheet: Horticulture CDE# 105482Directions: Enter the answers to this exam on the “Exam” section of your scan sheet. You may keep the test when you are finished.

Section I. Soil fertility and nutrient management

1. pH is a measure of:a) Amount of water found in soilb) Acidity In soilc) Alkalinity in soil d) Acidity or alkalinity in soil

2. A nutrient has greater potential to move into ground water on a soil with: a) High organic matter content, such as a muck soilb) High sand content , such as a sandy soilc) High clay content, such as a clay loam soild) High silt content, such as silty clay loam soil

3. Nitrogen deficiency is first detected in the older leaves because __________. a) Nitrogen is so important to plant growthb) Nitrogen is affected by compaction of the soilc) Nitrogen is a mobile element d) Nitrogen is an immobile element

4. Depth of fertility soil sampling should:a) Be at least three feetb) Stay in the top two inches of the soilc) Reflect depth of tillaged) Vary according to the amount and type of fertilizer

5. Soil sampling should not be conducted: a) If rain is expectedb) If tillage is going to be donec) If the soil is too warmd) If the soil is frozen

Page 12015 Flandreau CDE Agronomy Written Test

6. Which of the following should be considered when crediting nitrogen from animal waste?

a) Cost of hauling the wasteb) Particle size of the waste materialc) The type of animal producing the wasted) The temperature of the waste

7. Band applications of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K):a) Should always be usedb) Always result in the highest yield c) Concentrate nutrients for rapid growthd) Often harm seed

8. Phosphorus will not move a great deal in soil because: a) It is a cation and reacts with organic matterb) it is a cation and reacts with sandc) it is an anion and reacts with calcium, iron, aluminum and clay surfaces d) it is always applies to low rates

9. Potassium is held in soil: a) By binding to electrical charges on/in minerals and claysb) By binding the cobaltc) By binding to soil microbes d) By binding to the soil solution

10. Which of the following crops would use the most nitrogen during the growing season?

a) Corn- grain (120 bu/acre)b) Sorghum- grain (90 bu/acre)c) Alfalfa- 6 dry tons per acred) Wheat- grain + straw (70 bu/acre + 2 dry tons/acre)

Page 22015 Flandreau CDE Agronomy Written Test

Section II. Plant physiology, morphology, and taxonomy

11. The part of the seed that is food for the embryo is called the ______. a) Radicleb) Plumule c) Endospermd) Hilum

12. On a grass plant which part is the clasping part that holds the leaf to the stem?a) Liguleb) Apical meristemc) Auricled) Root

13. Which of the following stages of wheat growth comes first in the development of a wheat plant?

a) Soft doughb) Tiller stagec) First node appearsd) Flag leaf stage

14. What role nitrogen play in a plant?a) It is a primary component in celluloseb) It is a part of lignin in the plantc) It is a major component of chlorophylld) It is a primary compound in sugars

15. Which of the following species is a biennial?a) Common dandelionb) Soybeanc) Johnsongrassd) Wild carrot

Page 32015 Flandreau CDE Agronomy Written Test

16. In corn production at which growth stage does the plant need the most water? a) VTb) VEc) V5d) All stages need the same amount of water

17. If a V2 sweetcorn plant has the top eaten by the deer, how does it continue to grow?

a) Axillary budsb) Growing point was below groundc) It does not grow backd) Rhizomes

18. Which of the following has a panicle inflorescence?a) Alfalfa b) Kentucky bluegrassc) Ryed) Morning glory

19. What role do rhizobia bacteria play in white clover plant development?a) Fix nitrogen from the air and make it available to the plantb) Loosen soil to allow for better root developmentc) Provide more axillary budsd) Prevent worms from feeding on roots

20. In rice production, which of the following leaves is most important to grain fill?a) The flag leafb) All leaves are equally important c) Leaves produced while tillering d) None of the above

Page 42015 Flandreau CDE Agronomy Written Test

Section III. Pesticides

21. Rainfall is needed after a reemergence applications to:a) decrease the rate of microbial activityb) move the herbicide into the weed germination zonec) decrease the rate of chemical hydrolysisd) decrease the chance of herbicide movement into ground water

22. A herbicide application made before the crop or weeds emerges is:a) A post emergence applicationb) A pre emergence applicationc) A post-banded applicationd) An off-label application

23. The reason for adding liquid fertilizer solution to pesticide applications is to:a) Optimize the pesticides activity b) Aid in the penetration and absorption of the pesticide c) Aid in the translocation of the pesticide to the active sitd) All the above

24. The movement of a pesticide downward through the soil profile in to the groundwater is called ______.

a) Drift b) Runoffc) Leaching d) Denitrification

25. Weeds such as nightshade are hard to control in crops like tomato because:a) They are herbicide resistantb) They are in the same familyc) Tomato closes canopy quickly d) Nightshade grows faster

Page 52015 Flandreau CDE Agronomy Written Test

26. When looking at the counter 5G label, what does the G stand for?a) Dry flowable b) Flowablec) Granulard) Bait

27. You are doing a banding application of a pesticide to your onions. Your band width is 12 inches. Your nozzles are 34 inches apart. Your speed is 5.0 MPH. You are using 10 gallons per acre. What is your nozzle output?

a) 0.10 GPMb) 0.38 GPMc) 0.15 GPMd) 0.25 GPM

28. Your tomato plants are twisting toward the ground and dying. Which of these type of herbicides most likely cause this damage?

a) Cell membrane disrupterb) Growth regulatorc) Pigment inhibitord) Amino acid inhibitor

29. You are doing an application of Balance Pro Prior to planting your corn crop. Your nozzles are 40 inches apart. Your speed is 5.0 MPH. You are applying 10 gallons of spray per acre. What is your nozzle output?

a) 0.45 GPMb) 0.50 GPMc) 0.34 GPMd) 0.15 GPM

30. Certain genetic lines of corn and soybeans have been genetically modified to be tolerant to what commonly used herbicide:

a) Dual II Magnumb) Banvelc) Roundupd) Callisto

Page 62015 Flandreau CDE Agronomy Written Test

Section IV. Weeds, insects and diseases

31. Corn mushroom (smut) is considered a delicacy in some cultures. What causes this disease?

a) Fungi b) Virusc) Bacteriad) Herbicide

32. Barley yellow dwarf is caused by ______. a) Virusb) Bacteriac) Fungid) Pollution

33. Which of the following insects has a gel-like body?a) Aphidb) Spidermitec) Bean leaf beetled) Colorado potato beetle

34. This disease spreads by water splash and causes problems with water uptake in the plant as it grows in the vascular tissue. This cause is most likely a ______.

a) Virusb) Nematodec) Bacteriad) Fungus

35. Which of the following insects is naturally pollinates crops such as cucumber, watermelon, and cantaloupe?

a) Grasshopperb) Gypsy mothc) Honey beed) Corn earworm

Page 72015 Flandreau CDE Agronomy Written Test

36. You are called by your neighbor to look at his cucumbers. The foliage is covered with which spots. With close inspection the spots appear powdery. Which of the following most likely cause the problem?

a) White grubsb) Bacterial wiltc) Powdery mildewd) Herbicide damage (pigment inhibitor)

37. Johnson grass is a problem weed that spreads by rhizomes. Which of these methods would best control this weed?

a) Plowing b) Cultivationc) Spring applied fungicidesd) Fall applied herbicides

38. Wheat flour that came from storage has small black insects in it. Which of the following insect is most likely to be the problem?

a) Colorado potato beetleb) Saw-toothed grain beetlec) Alfalfa weevild) Flea beetle

39. Which of the following weeds contains alkaloids that can cause hallucinations or death if ingested?

a) Dandelionb) Jimsonweedc) Wild carrotd) Pigweed

40. Which of the following insects serves as a vector for Stewart’s wilt on sweet corn?

a) Seed corn beetleb) Lady beetlec) Flea beetled) Armyworm

Page 82015 Flandreau CDE Agronomy Written Test

41. Most soil compaction results from:a) Excessive freezing and thawingb) Use of too many fertilizers and chemicalsc) Driving on or tilling wet groundd) Driving on or tilling dry ground

42. Reduced root growth and poor water and nutrient uptake may indicate:a) Warm soil temperaturesb) Poor soil tilthc) Soil compactiond) High water table

43. A friend wants to plant his 45 acre lettuce field with a population of 28,000 plants per acre. The recommended seeding rate for the selected variety is 7.5 pounds per acre. The germination rate is 97.8%. How many pounds of seed does he need to plant to cover the field?

a) 385 poundsb) 345 poundsc) 625.8 poundsd) 338 pounds

44. Your soil test recommends 85 pounds of nitrogen per acre applied to your 75 acre canola oilseed crop. How much 36-0-0 do you need to apply per acre to meet the recommendation?

a) 236 poundsb) 200 poundsc) 20,708 poundsd) 36 pounds

45. Weeds are a problem year after year because: a) Weeds can grow in all soil temperaturesb) Weeds can grow in any soil pHc) The seed can be dormant in the soild) Weeds are resistant to most herbicides

Page 92015 Flandreau CDE Agronomy Written Test

46. A recognizable compaction layer in a field is often called:a) Cleachy material b) A plow panc) A drill pand) A cultivation pan

47. Cropping systems can modify soil structure by:a) Increasing root activity b) Protecting the soil from erosion c) Adding organic matterd) All the above

48. A system fungicide:a) Does not move in the plantb) Moves throughout the plantc) Only moves in the roots of the plantd) Only moves in the plant stem

49. Which of the following is a way to prevent pesticide resistance? a) Discourage natural predators b) Use pesticides with a single site of actionc) Use the same pesticide on the same pest year after yeard) Rotate pesticides with different modes of action

50. Jessie is fertilizing her horse pasture with a 12’ spreader. She has marked the tire on the spreader and has found that by turning the tired 1 revolution she travel 5’. Next she borrows a pan from the fertilizer dealer and attaches it to the spreader to measure the amount of fertilizer dropped by the spreader. She pulls the spreader wither her tractor so the tire on the spreader turns a total of 6 revolutions. She then weighs the fertilizer. ¾ pound of fertilizer was collected. At this rate how much is she applying per acre to her pasture?

a) 90.75 poundsb) 181.5 poundsc) 22.5 poundsd) 30 pounds

Page 102015 Flandreau CDE Agronomy Written Test