objective: describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another describe different...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Objective: Describe and observe how taste and
smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors
found in the body Journal: What are the different types
of taste receptors found on your tongue?
![Page 2: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ability to sense changes in the environment is necessary for maintaining homeostasis Initiates protective reflexes▪ Internal changes trigger responses such as
pain or high temperatures
![Page 4: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
All sense organs must be able to detect a stimulus in the environment
Depending on the stimulus, a different receptor will be activated
Signal is transmitted over a nervous system “pathway” to brain
![Page 5: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Photoreceptors – stimulated by light, in eye
Chemoreceptors – stimulated by chemicals, in tongue and nose
Pain receptors – stimulated by physical damage
Thermoreceptors – stimulated by change in temperature
Mechanoreceptors – stimulated by change in position
![Page 6: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Taste and smell:Receptors are chemoreceptors
Associated with food intake, influence flow of digestive juices, and affect appetite
![Page 7: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Chemoreceptors in taste buds in mouth and throat
Taste bud consists of Taste pore▪ Opening through which fluids in mouth come
into contact with surface of receptor cells Taste receptor cells▪ Modified epithelial cells with surface folds
called microvilli that contain chemical receptors
![Page 8: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Located on papillae (bumps on your tongue and throat)
Two Types: Fungiform papillae▪ Small, all over the top
and sides of the tongue
Circumvallate Papillae ▪ Large, on the back of
the tongue
![Page 9: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Taste buds consist of: ~50 receptor cells
surrounded by supporting cells
Basal cells develop into supporting cells then receptor cells
▪ Gustatory hairs project through the taste pore
![Page 10: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Four kinds of tastes caused by different chemical stimuli: Sweet, Sour, Bitter, and Salty
![Page 12: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Chemoreceptors that allow for smell are called olfactory receptors
Located in the nasal cavity
![Page 13: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Olfactory neurons Located in the olfactory epithelium and
sense changes in smell through the olfactory hairs
Connect to olfactory nerve filaments that carry the sensory information to the neurons of the olfactory tract in the olfactory bulb
Supporting Cells Metabolic and physical support cells for the
olfactory neurons
![Page 14: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The physical stimuli are chemical substances carried in the air that are dissolved in the mucus in the nose.
Pathway: Olfactory Hairs Olfactory Neurons
Olfactory Nerve in the Brain Neurons connect directly into the brain
from the nasal epithelium through the cribriform plate
![Page 16: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Holding your nose can help take away unpleasant taste of food.
![Page 17: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Journal: Explain why ice cream tastes different than a lemon.
![Page 18: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Two functions: Hearing and Equilibrium
Physical forces from sound and movements stimulate the mechanoreceptors
Three parts of the ear: External ear, Middle ear, Inner ear
![Page 19: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Made up of: Auricle (aka Pinna) – appendage on side of head External auditory canal – curving tube, about 1 in
long▪ Ends at ear drum (aka Tympanic membrane)▪Separates external and middle ear
▪ Auditory canal lined with hair and contains ceruminous glands▪Produces cerumen (ear wax) to protect inner ear
▪ Sound waves travel thru canal, strike the tympanic membrane and cause it to vibrate
![Page 21: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Tiny cavity hollowed out of temporal bone Also connects to the throat by
Pharyngotympanic tube Sore throat could spread to ear, causes middle
ear infection Contains three small bones called ossicles
Names describe shape:▪ Malleus (hammer), Incus (anvil), Stapes (stirrup)
![Page 23: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Malleus attached to tympanic membrane and incus
Incus attached to stapes Stapes presses against a
membrane that covers the oval window (small opening in inner ear)
Sounds cause tympanic membrane to vibrate, which is then transmitted and amplified by ossicles Causes movement of fluid in
inner ear
![Page 24: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Mechanoreceptors found in fluid-filled chambers known as the membranous labyrinth Endolymph – thick fluid
Bony labyrinth covers membrane labyrinth to provide protection Perilymph – watery fluid between bony and
membranous labyrinth
![Page 26: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Bony labyrinth divided into three parts:Cochlea (hearing)– snail-like shape, contains
organ of Corti which is covered in hairs Surrounded by endolymph, sound waves causes
liquid to move, which moves hairs ▪ Nerve impulse stimulated when hairs are bent
Semicircular Canal (balance) – 3 half-circle canals Endolymph surrounds receptors (crista
ampullaris) which are covered in hair ▪ Nerve impulse stimulated by rotation of head
Vestibule (sense gravity) – btw cochlea and s. canal
![Page 28: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
In US – over 6 million people with a hearing deficit
CONDUCTIVE DEAFNESS Conditions in outer or middle ear blocks
vibrations External auditory canal blocked with wax, water Scarring of eardrum
NERVE DEAFNESS Problem in cochlea or auditory pathway to brain Receptors in organ of Corti can’t interpret
sounds Correction - chochlear implant
Nerve impulse doesn’t make it to brain
![Page 29: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Go9pONJBffk
![Page 30: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Frequency Heard?
8 kHz10 kHz12 kHz14 kHz15 kHz
16 kHz 17 kHz18 kHz19 kHz20 kHz21 kHz22 kHz
![Page 31: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Could you hear all the frequencies?What is your hearing threshold?How do dog whistles work?Does the frequency of sound you can
hear change as you age?
![Page 32: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Objective: Label and describe the structures of the
eye Explain how the eye allows you to see
Journal: List and explain the difference between
the two types of deafness.
![Page 33: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The eye is covered with three layers of tissue: sclera, choroid, retina
SCLERA (aka “whites of the eyes”) Made up of tough, fibrous tissue Front has a transparent portion – Cornea
(“window”)▪ Covers iris – colored portion of eyes
Conjuntiva – mucous membrane keeps eye moist
Lacrimal Gland – produces tears▪ Found in upper lateral portion
![Page 34: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
CHOROID Middle layer of eyeball Contains dark pigment to prevent scattering
of incoming rays of light Made up of 2 involuntary muscles: Iris and
ciliary▪ Pupil is actually a hole in the center of the
iris muscle▪ 2 kinds of muscles in iris: circular –
constricts pupil, lateral – dilates pupil▪ Ciliary muscle helps to focus on objects▪Relaxed for distance, contracted for close
![Page 36: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
RETINA Contains microscopic
photorecepotors:▪ Rods – nightime vision, black and
white▪ Cones – daytime vision, color▪3 types detect color – red, green, blue
![Page 38: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Macula Lutea – yellowish area near center of retina Surrounds fovea centralis – a
depression that contains the most conesVisual acuity is obtained by focusing
the image on the fovea centralis
![Page 39: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Fluid maintains intraocular pressure of eyeball Fluid refracts light rays to focus on retina
Aqueous Humor – fluid in front of lens Vitreous Humor – Jellylike material in the
posterior cavity Lens – directly behind pupil
Held in place by ligament Elastic to allow change of shape
![Page 41: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Light is stimulus of vision - photoreceptors
Light enters the eye at the pupil, and is refracted by lens to focused on retina Inner layer of retina contains rods and cones
Nerve impulses created by rods and cones are collected and exit with the optic nerve
No rods cones are present where optic nerve exists Blind spot = optic disc
![Page 42: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Image must be focused on retina for clear picture If eyes are elongated:
Image focuses in front of retina, distant objects blurry▪ Known as nearsightedness or Myopia▪ Corrected using a diverging lens
If eyes are shorter: Image focuses behind retina, close objects blurry▪ Known as farsightedness of Hyperopia▪ Corrected using a converging lens
Astigmatism – curvature of cornea or lens abnormal, fails to refract light properly Corrected using glasses or special contacts
![Page 44: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
CATARACTS Lens of eye no longer transparent, becomes
cloudy Need more light to see If completely opaque, person will be blind CORRECTION – surgery to replace lensGLAUCOMA Aqueous humor not drained properly,
intraocular pressure builds up Distorts soft tissue of the eye and can cause
blindness CORRECTION - surgery to drain fluid, drugs to
increase drainage
![Page 46: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Unable to distinguish certain colorsCaused by a recessive gene on the
X chromosome Men (XY) more likely to have▪ 10 % of males are colorblind
Women (XX) not as common▪ Less than 1 % of females are cb
Occurs when cones are nonfunctional
Most common – red cones missing Can’t distinguish red from green
![Page 47: Objective: Describe and observe how taste and smell are related to one another Describe different sensory receptors found in the body Journal:](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e035503460f94aedde8/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)