“葵花宝典”---小姜老师的gre argu公开课---lecture-3

7/27/2019 --- GRE Argu ---Lecture-3

1/50

James JiangJames Jiang2012 Fall2012 Fall

? ?GRE ArguGRE Argu

GRE Open CourseMake Excellent EducationEasily Accessible

Materials used in this lecture mainly come from Saving My Revised GRE ArguCopy Right 2012 by James Jiang. All Rights Reserved.

Authorized and printed at Toronto, Canada, Sept 2012


2/50

Open CourseOpen Course

MakeMakeExcellent EducationExcellent EducationEasily AccessibleEasily Accessible



3/50

Info PageInfo Page

http://q.weibo.com/2066950?source=weibohome

http://www.weibo.com/u/2862045964

http://iask.sina.com.cn/u/1992032727/ishhttp://www.sharewithu.com/forum.php?mod=forumdisplay&fid=433





4/50

Revised GRE ArguRevised GRE ArguLecture 3Lecture 3James JiangJames JiangSept XX, 2012





5/50

Outline of Lecture 3Outline of Lecture 3


1

23

4

56




6/50

1



7/50

10 Twenty years ago, Dr. Field, a noted anthropologist, visited theisland of Tertia. Using an observation-centered approach to studying Tertianculture, he concluded from his observations that children in Tertia were rearedby an entire village rather than by their own biological parents. Recentlyanother anthropologist, Dr. Karp, visited the group of islands that includesTertia and used the interview-centered method to study child-rearing practices.In the interviews that Dr. Karp conducted with children living in this group of

islands, the children spent much more time talking about their biologicalparents than about other adults in the village. Dr. Karp decided that Dr. Field'sconclusion about Tertian village culture must be invalid. Some anthropologistsrecommend that to obtain accurate information on Tertian child-rearingpractices, future research on the subject should be conducted via the interview-centered method.

Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to beanswered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument onwhich it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to thesequestions would help to evaluate the recommendation.





8/50

Write a response in which you discuss what questionswould need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it isbased are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the

answers to these questions would help to evaluate therecommendation.




ContentsContents


9/50

10 Twenty years ago, Dr. Field, a noted anthropologist,visited the island of Tertia. Using an observation-centered approachto studying Tertian culture, he concluded from his observations thatchildren in Tertia were reared by an entire village rather than bytheir own biological parents. Recently another anthropologist, Dr.Karp, visited the group of islands that includes Tertia and used theinterview-centered method to study child-rearing practices. In theinterviews that Dr. Karp conducted with children living in this groupof islands, the children spent much more time talking about their biological parents than about other adults in the village. Dr. Karpdecided that Dr. Field's conclusion about Tertian village culture

must be invalid. Some anthropologists recommend that to obtainaccurate information on Tertian child-rearing practices, futureresearch on the subject should be conducted via the interview-centered method.





10/50

2



11/50

ETSETSIt is important that you address the argumentaccording to the specific instructions . The specific

instructions might ask you to do the following:




ContentsContents


12/50

ETSETSDiscuss what specific evidence is needed toevaluate the argument and explain how the

evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.




ContentsContents


13/50


14/50

ETSETSDiscuss what questions would need to be answeredin order to evaluate the arguments soundness or

validity properly.




ContentsContents


15/50

ETSETSDiscuss what alternative explanations couldchallenge the arguments explanation of a certain

phenomenon and demonstrate how the alternativeswould do so.




ContentsContents


16/50




52 (29%)

50 (28%)

10 (6%)

24 (14%)20 (13%)

14 (8%)

2 (1%)

2 (1%)

ContentsContents


17/50




52 (29%)

50 (28%)

10 (6%)62 (37%)

ContentsContents


18/50




specific evidence

assumptions

alternative explanationsQuestions, answer

ContentsContents


19/50

ArgumentArgumentEvaluate insufficient evidence

Examine stated and unstated

assumption

Raise alternative explanation

Answer unsolved questions




ContentsContents


20/50

3



21/50

Write a response in which you discuss what specificevidence is needed to evaluate the argument and

explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.




ContentsContents


22/50

5252

29%29%

ContentsContents





23/50

146 The following appeared in a memo to the board of directors of a company that specializes in the delivery of heating oil."Most homes in the northeastern United States, where winters aretypically cold, have traditionally used oil as their major fuel for heating. Last heating season, that region experienced 90 days withbelow-normal temperatures, and climate forecasters predict thatthis weather pattern will continue for several more years.Furthermore, many new homes are being built in the region inresponse to recent population growth. Because of these trends, wecan safely predict that this region will experience an increaseddemand for heating oil during the next five years.

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence isneeded to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidencewould weaken or strengthen the argument.





24/50

Write a response in which you discuss what specificevidence is needed to evaluate the argument andexplain how the evidence would weaken or strengthenthe argument.




ContentsContents


25/50

146 The following appeared in a memo to theboard of directors of a company that specializes in thedelivery of heating oil.




ContentsContents


26/50

"Most homes in the northeastern United States, wherewinters are typically cold, have traditionally used oil astheir major fuel for heating. Last heating season, thatregion experienced 90 days with below-normaltemperatures, and climate forecasters predict that thisweather pattern will continue for several more years.Furthermore, many new homes are being built in theregion in response to recent population growth.Because of these trends, we can safely predict that this

region will experience an increased demand for heatingoil during the next five years.





27/50

4



28/50

Write a response in which you examine the statedand/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be

sure to explain how the argument depends on theseassumptions, and what the implications are for theargument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.




ContentsContents


29/50

5050

28%28%

ContentsContents





30/50

60 The following appeared in a letter from a firm providinginvestment advice for a client."Most homes in the northeastern United States, where winters are typicallycold, have traditionally used oil as their major fuel for heating. Last heatingseason that region experienced 90 days with below-normal temperatures,and climate forecasters predict that this weather pattern will continue for several more years. Furthermore, many new homes are being built in theregion in response to recent population growth. Because of these trends,we predict an increased demand for heating oil and recommendinvestment in Consolidated Industries, one of whose major businessoperations is the retail sale of home heating oil."

Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstatedassumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argumentdepends on these assumptions and what the implications are for theargument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.





31/50

Write a response in which you examine the statedand/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sureto explain how the argument depends on theseassumptions and what the implications are for theargument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.




ContentsContents


32/50

60 The following appeared in a letter from afirm providing investment advice for a client.




ContentsContents


33/50

"Most homes in the northeastern United States, wherewinters are typically cold, have traditionally used oil astheir major fuel for heating. Last heating season thatregion experienced 90 days with below-normaltemperatures, and climate forecasters predict that thisweather pattern will continue for several more years.Furthermore, many new homes are being built in theregion in response to recent population growth.Because of these trends, we predict an increased

demand for heating oil and recommend investment inConsolidated Industries, one of whose major businessoperations is the retail sale of home heating oil."





34/50

5



35/50

Write a response in which you discuss one or morealternative explanations that could rival the

proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the factspresented in the argument.




ContentsContents


36/50

1010

6%6%

ContentsContents





37/50

15 The following memorandum is from the business manager of Happy Pancake House restaurants."Recently, butter has been replaced by margarine in Happy PancakeHouse restaurants throughout the southwestern United States. Thischange, however, has had little impact on our customers. In fact, onlyabout 2 percent of customers have complained, indicating that an averageof 98 people out of 100 are happy with the change. Furthermore, manyservers have reported that a number of customers who ask for butter donot complain when they are given margarine instead. Clearly, either thesecustomers do not distinguish butter from margarine or they use the term'butter' to refer to either butter or margarine."

Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternativeexplanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain howyour explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in theargument.





38/50

Write a response in which you discuss one or morealternative explanations that could rival the proposedexplanation and explain how your explanation(s) canplausibly account for the facts presented in theargument.




ContentsContents


39/50

15 The following memorandum is from thebusiness manager of Happy Pancake Houserestaurants.




ContentsContents


40/50

"Recently, butter has been replaced by margarine inHappy Pancake House restaurants throughout thesouthwestern United States. This change, however, hashad little impact on our customers. In fact, only about 2percent of customers have complained, indicating that

an average of 98 people out of 100 are happy with thechange. Furthermore, many servers have reported thata number of customers who ask for butter do notcomplain when they are given margarine instead.

Clearly, either these customers do not distinguish butter from margarine or they use the term 'butter' to refer toeither butter or margarine."





41/50

6



42/50

Write a response in which you discuss whatquestions would need to be answered in order to

decide whether the recommendation and theargument on which it is based are reasonable. Besure to explain how the answers to these questionswould help to evaluate the recommendation.




ContentsContents


43/50

6262

37%37%

ContentsContents





44/50

150 The following appeared in a letter from a firm providing

investment advice to a client."Homes in the northeastern United States, where winters are typically cold,have traditionally used oil as their major fuel for heating. Last year thatregion experienced 90 days with below-average temperatures, and climateforecasters at Waymarsh University predict that this weather pattern willcontinue for several more years. Furthermore, many new homes havebeen built in this region during the past year. Because these developmentswill certainly result in an increased demand for heating oil, we recommendinvestment in Consolidated Industries, one of whose major businessoperations is the retail sale of home heating oil."

Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to beanswered in order to decide whether the recommendation and theargument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how theanswers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.





45/50

Write a response in which you discuss what questionswould need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it isbased are reasonable. Be sure to explain how theanswers to these questions would help to evaluate the

recommendation.


Materials used in this lecture mainly come from Saving My Revised GRE Argu

Copy Right 2012 by James Jiang. All Rights Reserved. Authorized and printed at Toronto, Canada, Sept 2012

ContentsContents


46/50

150 The following appeared in a letter from afirm providing investment advice to a client.




ContentsContents


47/50

"Homes in the northeastern United States, wherewinters are typically cold, have traditionally used oil astheir major fuel for heating. Last year that regionexperienced 90 days with below-average temperatures,and climate forecasters at Waymarsh University predict

that this weather pattern will continue for several moreyears. Furthermore, many new homes have been builtin this region during the past year. Because thesedevelopments will certainly result in an increased

demand for heating oil, we recommend investment inConsolidated Industries, one of whose major businessoperations is the retail sale of home heating oil."





48/50

Summary of LectureSummary of Lecture 3 3





49/50

Thank youThank youNext Lecture: 2012Next Lecture: 2012--0909--XXXX21:05 PM21:05 PM

(Beijing Time)(Beijing Time)





50/50

GRE Open CourseGRE Open Course



“葵花宝典”---小姜老师的gre argu公开课---lecture-3

Documents