PHILIPPINE HISTORY

SPANISH ERA

Spanish Colonization

(1521 - 1898)

Ferdinand Magellan arrived in

the Philippines in 1521.

Magellan landed on the island

of Cebu, claiming the lands for

Spain and naming them Islas de

San Lazaro.

He set up friendly relations

with some of the local

chieftains and converted

some of them to Roman

Catholicism.

Magellan's Cross is a Christian cross planted

by Portuguese, and Spanish explorers as

ordered by Ferdinand Magellan upon

arriving in Cebu in the Philippines on April

14, 1521.

A sign below the cross describes the original

cross is encased inside the wooden cross that

is found in the center of the chapel. This is to

protect the original cross from people who

chipped away parts of the cross for souvenir

purposes or in the belief that the cross

possesses miraculous powers. Some people,

however, believe that the original cross had

been destroyed or had disappeared after

Magellan's death.

Lapu-Lapu was a ruler of Mactan,

who is known as the first native of

the archipelago to have resisted

the Spanish colonization.

On the morning of April 27, 1521, Lapu-

Lapu led 3,000 warriors in a battle

against Portuguese explorer and

conquistador Ferdinand Magellan who led

a force of forty-nine Spanish soldiers and

6000 native warriors from Cebu. During

the battle Magellan and several of his

men were killed.

Magellan introduced Christianity in Cebu

GOD

GOLD

GLORY

SPAIN’S

CONTRIBUTION

The Residencia

This was a special judicial court that

investigates the performance of a governor

general who was about to be replaced. The

residencia, of which the incoming governor

general was usually a member, submitted a

report of its findings to the King.

The Visita

The Council of the Indies in Spain

sent a government official called the

Vistador General to observe

conditions in the colony. The

Visitador General reported his

findings directly to the King.

The Encomienda was introduced in the Philippines when

Legaspi, in compliance with the decree issued by King Philip

II in 1558, distributed lands in Cebu to loyal Spanish

subjects. These men had helped conquer the Philippines.

The encomienda was not actually a land grant but was a

favor from the kind under which the Spaniard receiving his

favor was given the right to collect tributes–or taxes–from the

inhabitants of the area assigned to him. The man who

received this favor was called an encomendero. The

encomienda was, therefore, a public office

In July 26, 1523, King Charles V decreed that

Indians who had been pacified

should contribute a “moderate amount” in

recognition of their vassalage.

TRIBUTE

The Spaniards closed the ports of Manila to all countries except

Mexico. Thus, the Manila–Acapulco Trade, better known as the

"Galleon Trade" was born. The Galleon Trade was a government

monopoly. Only two galleons were used: One sailed from Acapulco to

Manila with some 500,000 pesos worth of goods, spending 120 days

at sea; the other sailed from Manila to Acapulco with some 250,000

pesos worth of goods spending 90 days at sea.

Tondo Conspiracy of 1587–1588 was a plot against

Spanish colonial rule by the Tagalog

and Kapampangan noblemen, or datus, of Manila and

some towns of Bulacan and Pampanga, in

the Philippines. It was led by Agustín de Legazpi,

grandson of conquistador Miguel Lopez de Legaspi.

The Tamblot Uprising of 1621, also known as the Tamblot

Revolution or Tamblot Revolt, was led by Tamblot,

a babaylan or native priest from the island of Bohol in the

Philippines. It was basically a religious conflict.Tamblot

exhorted his people to return to the faith of their forefathers

and free themselves from Spanish oppression.

Diego Silang y Andaya (December 16, 1730 – May 28, 1763)

was a revolutionary leader who conspired with British forces to

overthrow Spanish rule in the northern Philippines and establish

an independent Ilocano nation. His revolt was fueled by

grievances stemming from Spanish taxation and abuses, and by

his belief in self-government, that the administration and

leadership of the Roman Catholic Church and government in the

Ilocos be invested in trained Ilocano officials.

The Treaty of Paris, also known as the Peace

of Paris and the Treaty of 1763, was signed on

10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great

Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in

agreement, after Britain's victory over France

and Spain during the Seven Years' War.

Tobacco was introduced in the Philippines in the

late 16th century during the era of Spanish

colonization when the Augustinians brought cigar

tobacco seeds to the colony for cultivation. In

1686, William Dampier visited Mindanao and

observed that smoking was a widespread custom.

It had also become an article of foreign trade with

the Dutch from Tidore and Ternate buying rice, bee

s wax and tobacco from the Spanish colony.

The connection of Suez Kanal (Canal) to Philippine History is very

important. When it opened in 1869, it paved way for foreign

traders to do business with many countries. Philippines was one of

those who benefited from its operation, not only in terms of

business (economy), but also about way of life. Contact with

westerners who came to trade with Philippines brought-in new

ideas, knowledge/education, and other things.

Three martyr priests are publicly garroted as

alleged leaders of the Cavite Conspiracy, a

movement for secularization and nationalism,

which is distasteful to the Spanish friars. They

are Jose Burgos (born Feb 9, 1837), Mariano

Gomez (born Aug 2, 1799) and Jacinto

Zamora (born Aug 14, 1835).

THE RISE OF FILIPINO

NATIONALISM

PROPAGANDA

MOVEMENT

The Propaganda Movement was a literary and cultural

organization formed in 1872 by Filipino émigrés who had settled in

Europe. Composed of Filipino liberals exiled in 1872 and students

attending Europe's universities, the organization aimed to increase

Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony, the Philippines. Its

prominent members included Jose Rizal, author of Noli Me

Tangere (novel) and El Filibusterismo, Graciano López Jaena,

publisher of La Solidaridad, the movement's principal

organ, Mariano Ponce, the organization's secretary and Marcelo

H. del Pilar.

Goals Specifically, the Propagandists aims were:

1.Representation of the Philippines in the Cortes Generales, the

2.Spanish parliament;

3.Secularization of the clergy;

4.Legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality;

5.Creation of a Public school (government funded)public school system

independent of the friars;

6.Abolition of the polo (labor service) and vandala (forced sale of local

products to the government).

7.Guarantee of basic freedoms of speech and Freedom of association.

8.Equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to enter government

service;

9.Recognition of the Philippines as a province of Spain;

10.Secularization of Philippine parishes; Recognition of human rights

FILIPINO

REFORMIS

TS

Graciano López Jaena (December 18, 1856-January 20, 1896) was a journalist, orator, revolutionary, and national hero from Iloilo, the Philippines, who is well known for his newspaper, La Solidaridad. Philippine historians regard López Jaena, along with Marcelo H. del Pilar and José Rizal, as the triumvirate of Filipino propagandists. Of these three ilustrados, López Jaena was the first to arrive in Spain and may have founded the genesis of the Propaganda Movement.

José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda(June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896), was a Filipino nationalist, writer and reformist. He is widely considered

the greatest national hero of the Philippines. He was the author of Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo and a number of poems and essays. He was executed

on December 30, 1896.

Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmaitán (August 30, 1850

– July 4, 1896), better known by his pen name Plaridel,

was a Filipino writer, lawyer, and journalist. He was

the second and last editor of the La

Solidaridad (Solidarity), the newspaper of the Reform

Movement in Spain.

La Liga Filipina (English: The Philippine League) was a progressive

organization created by Dr. José Rizal in the Philippines in the house of

Doroteo Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila in 1892.

.

The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-

Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain

independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by

Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata,Ladislao Diwa, and others

on the night of July 7, when Filipino writer José Rizal was to be banished

to Dapitan. Initially, the Katipunan was a secret organization until its

discovery in 1896 that led to the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution.

RIZAL WAS EXILED

AT DAPITAN.

THEN WENT TO CUBA

AND RETURNED AT

MANILA.

KATIPUNAN

WAS

DISCOVERED

The Spanish Governor Ramon Blanco

proclaims a state of war in the 8 provinces that

took up arms. The provinces are Manila,

Laguna, Cavite, Batangas, Pampanga, Bulacan,

Tarlac and Nueva Ecija.

The Spaniards executed Jose

Rizal in Bagumbayan (today's

Rizal Park).

The Katipunan court finds

the Bonifacios guilty. They

are sentenced to death.

The Malolos Congress or formally known as

the "National Assembly" of representatives

was the constituent assembly of the First

Philippine Republic. It met at the Barasoain

Church in Malolos City, Bulacan. It drafted

the Malolos Constitution.

The Treaty of Paris of 1898, 30 sta.1754, was an agreement made in

1898 that resulted in Spain surrendering

control of Cuba and ceding Puerto Rico, parts of the West Indies, Guam,

and the Philippines to the United States. The cession of the Philippines

involved a payment of $20 million to Spain by the United States. The

treaty was signed on December 10, 1898, and ended the Spanish-

American War. It came into effect on April 11, 1899, when

the ratifications were exchanged.

SOURCE:

GOOGLE

SUBMITTED BY:CHELSEA BASACA

SUBMITTED TO:MADAM MARY ANN INOC