Country born vs. saltwater Georgia first outlawed

slavery, but later became royal colony & repealed law

Rice 3rd most valuable crop Task system: allowed for

hunting, family gardens Communities w/in slave

system: passed down African traditions African-Americans

Largest ethnic group to N. America during colonial period

Slave system of Italian & Spanish sugar plantations of Mediterranean

With sugar came slaves to Americas Dutch expand sugar’s popularity in

Brazil English in West Indies start plantations West African culture: kinship,

polygamy (for those who could afford it), agriculture & commerce based

Largest forced migration in history 1490’s-1870’s 10-11 million Africans Americas Peak period 1701-1810, British North

America smallest recipient 2 men : woman, 15-30 years old All Western European nations involved Collaboration between European,

African, American slave traders Small and large raids, kidnapping Shocking and traumatic (duh!!) Both sides feared cannibalism (kinda

funny)

Anywhere from 3 weeks to 3 months Packed slaves into selves below decks

6’x2.5’ Chained together, brought to deck to

“dance” Smell, heat, death, noise, disease

epidemics Slave revolts, jumped overboard Upon arrival sold in auctions, or to

individuals = humiliation & separation from family & clans

Africa got weaker as Europe & America got stronger

Stagnation of economyLoss of labor force reliance on

consumer goodsPrepared the way for European

colonization of 19th century

Bacon’s Rebellion + longer lifespan of indentured servants+ opportunities for Europeans in other colonies = direct shipments of slaves to North America

1662 Virginia law: Children inherit status of mother

5 years later: baptism to Christianity doesn’t alter status

1669: Death of slave doesn’t = murder

1705 official Virginia slave code written, duplicated by other colonies

Tobacco farming of Upper South labor intensive

1750, 80% of Chesapeake slaves country-born (creole)

South Carolina & slavery go hand-in-hand Started with Indian slaves Rice African slaves West Indian indigo- dye International slave trade ended 1808 80% of coastal population of South Carolina and

Georgia Spanish papacy denounced slavery, still

practiced Named Florida slave refuge in exchange for

defense African & Indian communities French Louisiana, slaves & Indians revolt Northern colonies had slaves, not slave societies

18th century, dozens of ethnic groups new people

Community formed out of Creole/African, slave/master relationship

African slaves = profitability of south #1 role field hands Variety of living situations depending on

farm type and master Formation of FAMILY & kinship African

American culture Slave Codes: Laws which codified slave

status and denial of basic civil rights Distinctive music (banjo, drums), dance,

religion (burial tradition), oral tradition, language (Gullah, Geechee), medical magic

Medicinal traditionsFood: BBQ, fried chicken, black-eyed

peas, collard greens, spicesMaterial goods/designs, architectureNurse maidsLanguage

Threat of lashesTypical punishment of extra work,

public humiliation, solitarySome masters cruel, sadisticDaily resistanceRunaway communities: maroonsRevolts: New York, Lower South

British economy: Slave colonies = 95% exports from America 1714-

1773 Slave trade as foundation Provided stimulus to manufacturing, markets Profits investments in economy Profits capital modern banks & insurance co. Cotton Industrial Revolution

Mercantilism: colonies exist for benefit of mother country colonial

regulation of trade, banking/money, enterprises political control of economy by government nation w/most treasure is most powerful

Old World issues playing out in New World

Queen Anne’s War: England vs. France & Spain in Caribbean & Georgia. Resulted in British control of slave trade

Control of Indian trade in north: France vs. Britain. Resulted in British control of French territories

King George’s War: Continuation of British/French conflict in north

Seven Years War: Next chapter

Benefitted planters, merchants, white colonialists

Protected markets at home, foreign markets for goods

New England: Ship building & illegal sugar trade (rum)

Southern colonies: exports of tobacco, rice, indigo

Inter-colonial trade: Northeast/South trade ties grew strong

Increased prosperity, improved living conditions, greater freedom for WHITE MEN

Oppression of African Americans and women Wealth concentrated in the hands of few Elite landowners controlled politics 45% of households (w/land) owned 1-4 slaves Landless tenant farmers, indentured servants,

farm workers = 40% of population Free blacks weren’t citizen (only white men)