--arthur miler...subject-verb agreement active vs. passive voice ... underline the correct verb in...

The Crucible

©CommonCoreIsCake 1 Ms. N

By Arthur Miller

Name:____________________________________________________________________

Ms. N’s English Class Period: ______

STUDENT READER The Crucible Part I - DO NOT LOSE THIS. SERIOUSLY.

“Betrayal is the only truth that sticks.”

--Arthur Miler

The Crucible


Table of Contents

Greek/Latin Roots & Context Clues - Vocabulary

Semi-Colon Practice

Subject-Verb Agreement

Active vs. Passive Voice

Whether or Not to Aid a Fellow Olympian

Anticipation Guide

Witchcraft in New England

How to Spot a Witch

Puritanism Notes & Witch Hunt Game

3-6

7-8

9

10

11-12

13

14-15

16

17-18

19-20

21-23

24-25

26-28

29-32

Hanging Mary

Introduction / Act I - Characterization

7 Deadly Sins / Virtues

Act II – Conflicts - Metaphors

Act III – Irony

La

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The Crucible


Name: _____________________________________Date: ____________________ Per:_____

Vocabulary ACT ONE

DIRECTIONS: USE THE GREEK/LATIN ROOTS AND SUFFIXES WITH THEIR MEANINGS TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BELOW.

a-, an- = without cracy / crat = government

factio = political group formido = fear

archy = rule cont = touching, contact daimōn = demon, evil

theo = God

- able = capable of -ic = containing, relating to

-ive = pertaining to vindicta = revenge

1.) During the time of the witch trials, Puritan Salem was a theocracy. What is a theocracy?

2.) How would someone who was acting demonic behave?

3.) Who would be considered a formidable opponent for Superman?

4.) Mr. Putnam is described as a vindictive person. How might he behave in the upcoming acts?

5.) What might happen if a city was in a state of anarchy?

DIRECTIONS: USE THE CONTEXT CLUES AND YOUR PRIOR KNOWLEDGE TO MATCH THE APPROPRIATE DEFINITION.

_____6.) Parris: There is a faction that is sworn to drive me from my pulpit. _____7.) Parris: Abominations are done in the forest _____ 8.) Abigail: We never conjured spirits. _____9.) Betty collapses in […] and lies inert on the bed. _____10.) That is a notorious sign of witchcraft afoot, Goody Nurse, a prodigious sign!

A. unable to move or act, still, motionless B. things that elicit great dislike, illegal actions to lose courage; decline; fail; give way C. summoned by oath or spell D. extraordinary, marvelous E. small group, usually contentious, within a larger group

The Crucible


Vocabulary ACT TWO


a-, an- = without anti = against

in- = not

agon = struggle dign = worthy

magistr = master, administrator

apt, ept = skill -ist = person

-ic = relating to, resembling

1.) What is an antagonist?

2.) If workers acted indignant toward their boss and work, what might they do?

3.) What is the role of a magistrate?

4.) What is a synonym for mimic?

5.) How would someone who was inept at public speaking act during a presentation?


_____6.) Elizabeth, perplexed, looking at the doll: Why, thank you, it’s a fair poppet. _____7.) It’s hard to think so pious a woman, [Rebecca Nurse] be secretly the Devil’s B…. after seventy year of such good prayer _____ 8.) You cannot evade me, Abigail. Did your cousin drink any of the brew in that kettle? _____9.) Woman, am I so base? Do you truly think me base? _____10.) Abby'll charge lechery on you, Mr. Proctor!

A. excessive or offensive sexual desire; lustfulness. B. confusion or bewilderment C. devoutly religious D. determine, discover, establish, find out E. avoid or try to avoid answering or fulfilling request

The Crucible


Name: _____________________________________Date: ____________________ Per:_____

Vocabulary ACT THREE


a-, an- = without dis- = not

in-, im- = not un- = not

aud = hear cred = to believe

intel = understanding macula = spot

able = capable nym = name

contentus = satisfied

1.) How would our classroom look to keep it immaculate?

2.) What is a synonym for incredulously?

3.) When might someone be unintelligible?

4.) How would the speaker sound if she was barely audible?

5.) Why would someone want to keep their anonymity?


_____6.) How do you dare come roarin' into this court! Are you gone daft, Corey? _____7.) She is transfixed--with all the girls, she is whimpering open-mouthed, agape at the ceiling. _____ 8.) She glances at Abigail, who is staring down at her remorselessly. _____9.) Will you confess yourself befouled with Hell, or do you keep that black allegiance yet? _____10.) He charges contemplation of murder.

A. state of being thought out, planned. B. loyalty or commitment C. rendered motionless with terror, amazement or awe D. silly, foolish, dumb E. mercilessly; having no pity or compassion

The Crucible


Vocabulary ACT FOUR


_____1.) But Proctor snatches it up, and now a wild terror is rising in him, and a boundless anger. _____2.) You will not use me! It is no part of salvation that you should use me! _____ 3.) Reprieve or pardon must cast doubt upon the guilt of them that died till now. _____4.) A very ape would weep at such calamity! Have the devil dried up any tear of pity in you? _____5.) In solemn meeting, the congregation rescinded the excommunications -- this in March 1712.

A. the act of delivering from sin or saving from evil B. cancel officially C. an event resulting in great loss and misfortune D. act of postponing or removing punishment E. without limit or boundaries

DIRECTIONS: USE THE FOLLOWING VOCABULARY WORDS TO SUMMARIZE CHARACTER ACTIONS WITHIN THE CHAPTER. stench – foul odor; stink gaunt – excessively thin and angular agape –mouth wide-open, amazed with wonder conciliatory – eager to make peace, to reconcile floundering – proceeding or acting clumsily or ineffectually adamant – unyielding; unshakable or immovable especially in opposition

The Crucible


Grammar Boot Camp: semicolons (;)

A semicolon is used when an author could have ended a sentence with a period, but didn't. The semicolon is a reminder to pause, breathe and keep going.

The semicolon acts as a combo period and comma. Like a period, it separates two independent clauses and

thoughts; like a comma, it keeps them together.

* Both parts before and after the; must be COMPLETE SENTENCES.

When to use a semicolon?

1. Statement; detail Give a statement about something, and then follow it up with a more specific detail. The

two CLAUSES must be related. Ex: I am going to the Leu-Lawndale game; I really hope we win.

2. Command; another command Ex: Come here; then, set the table for dinner. 3. When using conjunctive adverbs:

Consequently

Furthermore Hence

However

Meanwhile

Moreover Nonetheless

Otherwise

Rather

Then Therefore

Thus

Ex: Abigail is annoying; however, her manipulation skills are impressive.

4. When using words such as indeed, in fact, or for example

Arthur Miller is very respected American writer in multiple mediums; in fact, the film

portrayal screenplay was written by Arthur Miller almost 50 years later.

Practice Part 1: Using your new knowledge of semi-colons, write a reflection the play

so far. How did your initial predications come out?

The Crucible


Practice Part 2 Directions: Read each sentence.Fill in the blank with a COMMA (,) or a SEMICOLON (;)

(Remember, a semi-colon must have 2 independent clauses on each side!)

1. Of the major characters ____ Abigail is the least complex.

2. The witch trials are the ultimate expression of intolerance ____ the trials brand all social

deviants with the taint of devil-worship, and thus necessitate their elimination from the

community.

3. Reputation is tremendously important in theocratic Salem ____ where public and private

moralities are one and the same.

4. “I have given you my soul _____ leave me my name!”

5. Because the Puritans’ greatest fear is the defiance of God _____Abigail’s accusations of

witchcraft immediately command the attention of the court.

6. The witch trials are central to the action of The Crucible ____ and dramatic accusations

and confessions fill the play even beyond the confines of the courtroom.

7. Over the course of the play ____ Hale experiences a transformation more remarkable

than that of any other character.

8. Betty faked her illness _____ then, she abruptly woke up to chant.

9. Although Hale recognizes the evil of the witch trials _____ his response is not defiance

but surrender.

10. At the time of its first performance ____ in January of 1953 ____ critics and cast alike

perceived The Crucible as a direct attack on McCarthyism _____ he was called in for

questioning.

11. Some cooperated ______ others, like Miller, refused to give in to questioning.

12. The general outline of events in The Crucible corresponds to what happened in Salem of

1692 _____but Miller’s characters are often composites.

13. The Crucible is best read outside its historical context—not as a perfect allegory for anti-

Communism ____ or as a faithful account of the Salem trials ___ but as a powerful and

timeless depiction intolerance and hysteria ____they can both intersect and tear a

community apart.

The Crucible


Grammar Boot Camp: Subject-Verb Agreement #1

Rule #1: Two singular subjects connected by or, either/or, or neither/nor require a singular verb.

Examples:

- My aunt or my uncle is arriving by train today. - Neither Juan nor Carmen is available. - Either Kiana or Casey is helping today with stage decorations.

Rule #2: The verb in an or, either/or, or neither/nor sentence agrees with the noun or pronoun closest to it. Examples:

- Neither the plates nor the serving bowl goes on that shelf. - Neither the serving bowl nor the plates go on that shelf.

This rule can lead to bumps in the road. For example, if I is one of two (or more) subjects, it could lead to this odd sentence:

Awkward, but correct: Neither she, my friends, nor I am going to the festival. If possible, it's best to reword such grammatically correct but awkward sentences.

Better: Neither she, I, nor my friends are going to the festival. OR She, my friends, and I are not going to the festival.

Directions: Underline the correct verb in the parentheses.

1. Almost everybody (has / have) some difficulty with writing.

2. Neither the chipmunk nor the squirrels (is / are) bothering us.

3. Both of us (is / are) voting in the next election.

4. Milo, Phoebe, and I (was / were) offering our help.

5. Neither of you (jump / jumps) to conclusions.

6. Some say the Indians (has / have) been treated unfairly.

7. There (was / were) only two choices on the menu.

8. Rudy as well as his cat (like / likes) milk.

9. He (is / are) my boss and friend.

10. Sunbathing (is / are) my favorite form of exercise.

11. The world (change, changes) so rapidly that we can hardly keep up.

12. People who (live, lives) in poverty often do not even have television or newspapers.

13. Traditionally, college students (has, have) been very active in politics.

14. There (is, are) both men and women at the meeting.

15. Each of you (has, have) an equal chance to make good grades.

16. Sitting on the sofa (was, were) two students from Thailand.

17. Either the workers or the manager (is, are) coming to the conference.

The Crucible


Writing Boot Camp Active Vs. Passive Voice *Especially when writing about literature, it is best to write in active voice.

Active Voice: the subject does the action of the verb (subject + verb + object)

Ex: Abigail stole money.

Passive Voice: the subject receives the action of the verb (subject + verb by object)

Ex: The money was stolen by Abigail.

DIRECTIONS: Write “A” in the blank if the sentence is active, or “P” if it is passive.

Ex: P The hamburgers were cooked by John.

1. ________ Marilyn mailed the letters.

2. ________ Javia ate five hamburgers yesterday.

3. ________ The letters were written by Susan.

4. ________ The unsuspecting mouse was stalked by the fierce kitten.

5. ________ The cat was slowly and carefully following its prey.

Change to Active Voice! Examples below:

Passive Voice (WEAK SAUCE!) Active (MUCH STRONGER!)

The book had already been read by the class. The class had already read the book.

The experiments were being performed in secret. Scientists were performing the experiments in secret.

6. Passive: The decision was announced by the court in the late evening.

Active:

_______________________________________________________________________________

7. Passive: Their dinner was prepared by Rebecca Nurse before she got accused.

Active:

______________________________________________________________________________

8. Passive: Mr. Jacobs had his land taken by Mr. Putnam.

Active:

______________________________________________________________________________

9. Passive: The cows were not cared for during the trials and many roamed aimlessly.

Active:

______________________________________________________________________________

10. Passive: Elizabeth Proctor’s poppet was made by Mary Warren.

Active:

______________________________________________________________________________

The Crucible


On Whether or Not to Come to the Aid of a Fellow Olympian:

Directions: The following scenario describes a problem. Read the scenario and consider the possible options.

THE SCENARIO: It’s the first month of school, and all is calm at Leuzinger High School. Students walk quickly

to class and pick up after themselves following lunch. All is well, until one horrible day— the brand

new D building (including Ms. N’s room) and the cafeteria become vandalized. There is graffiti on the

walls, personal items were stolen, destroyed, or scattered down the halls, and windows are broken.

Blue and Gold spray paint has been used in a massive display of graffiti, which extends from one end

of the wall to the other.

The new - and already popular - kid on campus, Arthur Miller, is quietly believed to have been

the culprit. Although many students quietly suspect him, no one wants to get on his wrong side since

he is popular and is intimidating kid; in fact, he already threatened a few students on campus.

Regardless, circumstantial evidence seems to show that a very unpopular boy, Nathaniel Hawthorne,

was the culprit. In his gym locker, they found spray paint. Since the damage to the school is

assessed at over $2,000, the administrators and the police are naturally anxious to apprehend the

criminal, and Hawthorne is arrested almost immediately and brought in for interrogation.

Over the next two days, things really heat up. The newspapers and media outlets blow up the

story. Hawthorne, who had previously been up for full-ride scholarships to UCSB, UCLA, and UCSD,

is suddenly suspended from school pending his trial. His family is told he will not graduate unless he

confesses, and that, if he does confess, he will have to work all summer to pay for the damage and

have a felony on his record. His letters of recommendation from Leuzinger staff will be rescinded, but

at least, he will be able to graduate. The police present Hawthorne the evidence against him. There

are even eyewitness accounts from students who say they saw him do it, and no one else had their

fingerprints inside his gym locker. If he confesses, he will still graduate. If he maintains his

innocence, and they find him guilty, he will be expelled and still be responsible for the damages.

YOU actually know the truth. You were just passing by Leuzinger on your job delivering pizzas

that fatal Friday night, and you just happened to have an urge to take a selfie in your uniform with

Miller in the background holding spray cans.

What should Hawthorne do? Why might he have mixed feelings? What motivations does he have

to report a false confession?

The Crucible


What would you do? POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS: 1. Keep quiet. Senior portraits are coming up and Miller is a lot bigger than you are. 2. Call in an anonymous tip or send the photo anonymously and hope they follow it up. 3. Have your parents set up a secret meeting with the authorities, and once you're secretly and safely at the meeting, agree to sign a secret affidavit, but refuse to testify in public trial. 4. Publicly defend Irwin. Rankings: For each of the following questions, write the number of all four possible solutions ranked in order from most to least of what you would do. Then explain your reasoning. Most Likely ____ Second Most Likely _____ Next ______ Least Likely______ Why? ______________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

1. Which of the solutions is the most sensible? 2. Which of the solutions is the easiest? 3. Which of the solutions is the most ethical, or morally right? 4. Which of the solutions do you think the average "Joe America" teenager is most likely to try? 5. Which of the solutions requires the most courage?

The Crucible


The Crucible Anticipation Guide

Directions: Carefully read and consider each of the following statements; then mark whether you agree or disagree.

Vocabulary: adultery: voluntary sex between a married person and someone who is not that person's wife or husband irrelevant: not important enough to be considered; not significant; not relevant

ethical: conforming to accepted standards of conduct; acting morally and honestly

Agree Disagree Statement

1. Age is irrelevant in a romantic relationship.

2. There are times in life when you should lie.

3. Withholding the truth is the same thing as telling a lie.

4. Someone who attends church consistently is a moral and ethical person.

5. Actions that were the result of guilt and fear are generally justifiable actions.

6. Adultery is acceptable in today’s society.

7. Gossiping is not harmful; It should not be taken seriously.

8. A person is innocent until proven guilty.

9. It is worth it to die for what you believe in.

10. I would rather die than confess to something that I did not do.

Choose one of the above statements with which you strongly agree or disagree. Explain your feelings

about this statement in a paragraph. Include a possible scenario as an example. How do you predict this

idea will play out in the play?

The Crucible


1. Based on the context clues, what does heretic most likely mean?

4. Underline some of the things witches were blamed for.

2. Why did the Puritans leave England?

3. Why did the author choose to put “confessed” in quotation marks?

5. Underline the types of women who were

generally accused of witch craft. Why do you

think these women were targeted?

6. Based on the context clues, what does the word scapegoat most likely mean?

Witchcraft in Puritan New England

Directions: As you read the following article, answer the guiding questions. In 1650, when the Puritans left England and set off to seek religious freedom in

America, the fear of witchcraft was very real. For thousands of years, Satan was

blamed for any and all oddities or mysteries in life; anyone who was in

opposition to the concepts or ideas of Christianity was said to be connected to

Satan and his evil work, and therefore considered a heretic.

Under the duress of extreme torture, many of the accused heretics “confessed” to flying on poles, practicing

magic, engaging in sexual misconduct, and seeing Satan in various forms. In 1487, the Malleus Maleficarum

(Hammer of Witches) was published, and quickly became the official text for the detection and persecution of

witches. The Malleus Maleficarum told tales of women (the weaker and less intellectual beings, according to

the text) who, under the influence of the Devil, had sexual

intercourse with demons, killed babies, destroyed crops, and

caused general mayhem. Witches were blamed for unexpected

deaths, natural disasters, sterility, sick livestock, and even

strange weather. Also within the text were methods for

prosecuting a witch, including stripping the accused and

inspecting the body for signs such as unusual birthmarks

(believed to be the Devil’s mark). When the Malleus

Maleficarum was written, the idea of witchcraft was not popularly accepted, but the text quickly convinced

many of the threat and danger of witches.

Between 1500 and 1650, approximately 70,000

accused witches were executed throughout Europe—

approximately eighty percent of whom were women.

Those who were accused were usually social outcasts,

elderly women, single mothers, widows, the disabled,

the poor, husbands of the accused, and those who

publicly denied the existence of witches. The most

prevalent times these “witch-hunts” occurred throughout

history were times of political and social strife. People

wanted someone to blame for their misfortune, and

would literally hunt down their scapegoats.

The accused were guilty until proven innocent. The

courts of New England recognized two forms of evidence of witchcraft: either an eyewitness account or a

The Crucible


confession. Since very few confessed of their own will, torture was used to coerce a confession. The accused

was jailed, then subjected to several forms of torture to elicit a confession.

Some of the torture devices included:

• Strappado— The accused was bound and hung by her arms, which

were tied behind her back. Weights were often hung from her feet to

increase the pain, and usually caused her arms to break at her

shoulders.

• Swimming—It was believed that a witch would not sink in water. The

accused was tied up and thrown into a lake or pond; a witch would float,

and the innocent would sink. Many drowned as a result.

• Ordeal by Fire—The defendant was forced to carry or walk on hot coals. The burns were wrapped and

treated. After three days, upon examination of the wounds, if there was an open sore, the defendant was found

guilty.

• Ordeal by Water—The defendant was forced to repeatedly place her arm in a pot of boiling water. Again, if

there was still evidence of the burn after three days, she was found guilty of being a witch.

• Thumbscrews—The accused’s thumbs were place in a vice and crushed

incrementally to extract a confession.

• Pricking—Since it was a widely held belief that witches did not bleed, those who

were accused were subjected to hundreds of pin pricks or cuts, as the court

diligently looked for the absence of blood.

• The Rack—The accused was laid on a large board of wood with

her hands and feet tied. As the accusers tried to extract a

confession, her arms and ankles were pulled in opposite

directions, often resulting in dislocation of the limbs.

Under these various forms of torture, many falsely confessed to

practicing witchcraft.

7.) Which forms of torture seems the most shocking or ridiculous? Which ones do you think would be impossible endure, leading to a false confession?

The Crucible


Excerpt from “How to Spot a Witch” by Adam Goodheart

1. Devil's Marks and Witches' Teats According to many witch-hunting guides, it is best to start your examination by shaving the suspect's body and examining it for devil's marks. These are the spots where Satan brands his followers to seal their pact with him. An English jurist in 1630 described' them as "sometimes like a blew spot, or a red spot, like a Fleabiting.” One problem: In the vermin-ridden 17th century, such blemishes were hardly uncommon. So the witch hunters devised an ingenious solution. The Devil, they reasoned, would not allow anything of his to be harmed. Therefore, they pricked any suspicious marks with a long silver pin. If the spot didn't bleed or was insensitive to pain, the suspect was a witch. English experts believed witches often had extra nipples that they used to suckle demons. Matthew Hopkins, a witch hunter under Oliver Cromwell, exposed one woman as a witch when she was "found to have three teats about her, which honest women have not." 2. The Swimming Test If the hunt for teats and devil’s marks proves inconclusive, you may have to resort to a popular folk method, the “swimming test." First, sprinkle the suspect with holy water. Tie his right thumb to his left big toe, and his left thumb to his right big toe. Fasten a rope around his waist. Then toss him into a pond or river. If he floats, he's a witch. If he sinks, haul him back in if he survives and set him free. The theoretical basis for this is simple, explained James VI of Scotland in 1597: "The water shall refuse to receive in her bosom those who have shaken off the sacred water of baptism." Other popular tests include weighing the suspect against a very heavy Bible and asking her to recite the Lord's Prayer without

making a mistake. (In 1663, a defendant was convicted after repeatedly failing to do better than "Lead us into temptation" or "Lead us not into no temptation.") When you suspect a witch has murdered someone, ask her to lay her hands on the victim's body. If she is guilty, the corpse will start to bleed. 3. Nabbing the Elusive Imp One of the most devious ways to foil witches is to catch them with their familiars, the imps in animal form who do their nefarious [wicked] bidding. Many witch hunters believed the imps could not go for more than 24 hours without being suckled by their master or mistress. Therefore, when you have a suspect in prison, drill a peephole in the cell door and keep a close watch. If you see a rat, mouse or beetle in the cell, you've nabbed an imp. Beware of even the most improbable animals. In 1645, an Englishman named John Bysack confessed that for the last 20 years, he had regularly suckled imps in the form of snails. 4. Asking the Right Questions Even stubborn suspects will often collapse under skillful interrogation. Europe's most successful witch hunters were expert at framing questions of the when-did-you-stop-beating-your-wife sort. The justices of Colmar in Alsace used to lead off with “How long have you been a witch?" before moving on to more specific inquiries such as "What plagues of vermin and caterpillars have you created?" WARNING: According to the Molleus Maleficarum (Hammer of Witches), a comprehensive witch-hunting guide published in 1486, judges at witchcraft trials should take precautions against being bewitched by the accused. Always wear protection: A wax medallion containing a bit of salt blessed on Palm Sunday, worn round the neck, will defend you from Satan's wiles [tricks]. Otherwise, you yourself could end up on the wrong end of a witch hunt.

The Crucible


The Crucible – WITCH HUNT game

(Think Mafia party game for Puritan times.)

Objective: SWBAT understand historical contexts and analyze rhetorical devices to

predict conflicts that may arise in The Crucible..

Directions: Use complete sentences to answer the following question in a paragraph.

Do Now: Do you consider yourself a fairly liar? Explain. What qualities do successful liars have? How

might an ineffective liar act?

Notes

Puritanism

• ________________________________ that originated in England during the early _________

• Believed in ________________________________, salvation is predetermined

• Many Puritans ___________________________ to the American colonies

• Their ____________________________ flourished in the new world

Salem Witch Trials

• more than ______people were ________________________

• 27 people had been convicted, ______ hanged, and 1 pressed to death

McCarthyism

• a period of _________________________ in the United States during the __________________

• Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed that _______________had infiltrated the Department of State

• People became the subjects of aggressive “witch hunts” for communists often based on

questionable evidence

• Inspired _________________________ to write _________________________________

The Crucible


Vocabulary:

Perpetrator - someone who has committed a crime — or at done some type of wrong doing

Bystander - a person who is present at an event or incident but does not take part

Victim - a person tricked, harmed, injured, or killed

Manipulation - skillful handling, controlling or using of something or someone

Loquacious - tending to talk a great deal, talkative.

The Story The setting is Puritan Salem, Massachusetts, 1692. Due to the nature of graceless Puritan religion, sins and

other unfortunate circumstances were blamed on mythical witches, so one wouldn't appear as though they were

receiving God's judgment for a sin they had committed. A sudden burst of accusations occurred in Salem 1692

for multiple reasons: money, land, selfish love, vengeance, and simple blame-shifting. Many are on trial and

damned to be executed if they denied witchery. Will the town be able to oust the real witches, or will more

innocent blood be spilled?

Moderator (teacher role)– The narrator of the game who is omniscient (sees all) narrates the story.

Once assigned a role. Read your description and your role in the town.

Players

The Witches Side

*Note there could be more than one witch/warlock*.

Witches – You and your friends don’t want to get caught as witches, you will blame others and try to convince

citizens to do the same until you have exiled or hung all of the villagers. At night, you can attempt to hurt / kill a

citizen.

The Town Roles Reverend – You are a reverend. You are an expert on witchcraft, but you are hesitant about letting your position be known in this new town. Each night, you may save someone during the night, including yourself. Judge – You are trying to rid your town of witchcraft and begin investigating people. Each night you may investigate one person. If you find out someone is the witch, you must attempt to convince the other villagers, without letting them know you are the judge. Don’t be too assertive or they may think you are lying and accuse you of witchcraft. Villager – You want to rid your town of witches and help defend your fellow villagers. Be present and active during the town meetings to discover who is the witch. The winning team is announced when there are an even amount of witches and villagers or all witches are dead.

Exit Ticket (half sheet of paper): Using your vocabulary words and knowledge of rhetorical strategies (ethos,

logos, pathos), summarize the events of the game. What predictions can you make regarding the potential

conflicts and motivations in the play.

The Crucible


Excerpts from “Half-hanged Mary” by Margaret Atwood (Mary Webster was accused of witchcraft in the 1680's in a Puritan town in Massachusetts and hanged from a tree - where, according to one of the several surviving accounts, she was left all night. When she was cut down she was still alive, since she lived for another fourteen years.)

7pm Rumour was loose in the air hunting for some neck to land on. I didn't feel the smashed flesh closing over it like water over a thrown stone. I was hanged for living alone for having blue eyes and a sunburned skin, tattered skirts, few buttons, a weedy farm in my own name, and a surefire cure for warts; Oh yes, and breasts, and a sweet pear hidden in my body. Whenever there's talk of demons these come in handy.

1. What types of people were vulnerable to these kinds of charges during this period?

8pm Up I go like a windfall in reverse, a blackend apple stuck back onto the tree. Trussed hands, rag in my mouth, a flag raised to salute the moon, old bone-faced goddess, old original, who once took blood in return for food. The men of the town stalk homeward, excited by their show of hate, their own evil turned inside out like a glove, and me wearing it.

2. What images does a blackened apple bring to mind? Why does Mary use this metaphor to describe her situation?

12 midnight My throat is taut against the rope choking off words and air; I'm reduced to knotted muscle. Death sits on my shoulder like a crow waiting for my squeezed beet of a heart to burst so he can eat my eyes or like a judge muttering about sluts and punishment and licking his lips or like a dark angel insidious in his glossy feathers whispering to me to be easy on myself. To become a martyr in reverse, or food, or trash. To give up my own words for myself, my own refusals.

3. How and why is death personified? 4. Why is Death telling her to “be easy” on herself? What does he want her to do? 5. What is a “martyr in reverse?”

The Crucible


3am birds night birds yell inside my ears like stabbed hearts my heart stutters in my fluttering cloth body I dangle with strength going out of me the wind seethes in my body tattering the words I clench my fists hold No talisman or silver disc my lungs flail as if drowning I call on you as witness I did no crime I was born I have borne I bear I will be born this is a crime I will not acknowledge leaves and wind hold onto me I will not give in

7. Read the stanza, stopping as little as possible in on continuous stream. Why does the author avoid punctuation in this stanza? How might it impact her pace and tone?

8am When they came to harvest my corpse (open your mouth, close your eyes) cut my body from the rope, surprise, surprise: I was still alive. Tough luck, folks, I know the law: you can't execute me twice for the same thing. How nice. I fell to the clover, breathed it in, and bared my teeth at them in a filthy grin. You can imagine how that went over. Now I only need to look out at them through my sky-blue eyes. They see their own ill will staring then in the forehead and turn tail Before, I was not a witch. But now I am one.

Later. I skitter over the paths and fields, mumbling to myself like crazy, mouth full of juicy adjectives and purple berries. The townsfolk dive headfirst into the bushes to get out of my way. Having been hanged for something I never said, I can now say anything I can say. I speak in tongues, my audience is owls. My audience is God, because who the hell else could understand me? The words boil out of me, coil after coil of sinuous possibility. The cosmos unravels from my mouth, all fullness, all vacancy.

How is Mary’s tone different in this stanza compared to the previous ones? What words/phrases create that tone?

LATER 1. How is Mary transformed or “reborn” As

a result of her experience?

2. Do you think this is a positive or negative transformation? Why?

The Crucible


The Crucible

Act I – Introduction

Salem, Massachusetts 1692

Setting Implications

“[Reverend Parris]’s stood in the ‘town’ –but we today would hardly call it a village”.

What are the different connotations associated with a town vs. a village? Which is Salem closer to resembling? How might that impact citizen dynamics?

“No one can really know what their lives were like. They had no novelists –and would not have permitted anyone to read a novel if one were handy. Their creed forbade anything resembling a theatre or “vain enjoyment”. They did not celebrate Christmas, and a holiday from work meant only that they must concentrate even more upon prayer.”

What type of environment is Salem at this time? How might this setting serve those with a rebellious nature?

Character Tracker – Act I

Character Description Actions Motivation / Inference

Reverend Parris

Betty Parris

Abigail Williams

Tituba

Mr. (Thomas)

Putnam

Mrs. (Ann)

Putnam

Mary Warren

The Crucible


The Crucible ACT 1

OBJECTIVE: SWBAT recognize and analyze indirect characterization and make inferences.

indirect charactization: learning about the character through the character's actions,

dialogue, or things other characters say

Characterization Question

Answer / Evidence Character Inference

1. What is Reverend Parris’s relationship with the community?

2. What are Abigail’s circumstances that led her to reside with her uncle?

3. What relationship exists between Abigail and Proctor?

4. What is Rebecca Nurse’s reaction to Betty’s illness?

Quick Plot Recall Act I

5. Before the opening of the play, Reverend Parris caught Abigail and Betty _____. A. dancing in the forest B. picnicking in the forest C. sleeping in church D. reading books 6. Giles Corey tells Hale that he is distraught and confused because he cannot _____. A. sleep while his wife prays B. read while his wife sews C. concentrate while his wife sings D. pray while his wife reads 7. Despite their bickering, what do Mr. Putnam and Reverend Parris have in common in Act I? A. They both are highly respected men in the community. B. They both believe they have sick, bewitched, or afflicted children. C. They both own large areas land. D. They are both widowers.

The Crucible


Directions: Use the character quotes from Act I to make inferences about the character. Make sure to include the character who said it, who they were speaking to, the context, and the inferences made.

Character Quotes Indirect Characterization Analysis

(character, audience, context, analysis)

8. “Let either of you breathe a

word, or the edge of a word, about

the other things, and I will come to

you in the black of some terrible

night and I will bring a pointy

reckoning that will shudder you."

9. “We’ve got to tell. Witchery's a

hangin' error […] You'll only be

whipped for dancin’.”

10. “But I will cut off my hand

before I’ll ever reach for you

again.”

11. “You will confess yourself or I

will take you out and whip you to

your death, Tituba!”

12. “I have trouble enough without

I come five mile to hear him preach

only hellfire and bloody damnation.

Take it to heart, Mr. Parris. There

are many others who stay away

from church these days because

you hardly ever mention God any

more.”

13. “We cannot look to superstition

in this. The Devil is precise; the

marks of his presence are definite

as stone, and I must tell you all that

I shall not proceed unless you are

prepared to believe me if I should

find no bruise of hell upon her.”

The Crucible


THE CRUCIBLE

7 Deadly Sins and Virtues Directions: The Crucible deals with the Puritan beliefs about sins and the virtues that oppose them. As we read, fill in the following chart.

Thematic and Character Analysis

Sin Character Quote / Concrete Detail Virtue Character Quote / Concrete Detail

PRIDE (strong attention to

self or

accomplishments)

Humility (modest view of one's

importance;

humbleness)

GREED (excessive pursuit of

personal gain)

Charity (sharing one’s

possessions)

ENVY (jealousy, resents

good fortune of

others)

Love (actively seeks good

for others)

The Crucible


WRATH (extreme anger)

Kindness (treating others with

tenderness and

compassion)

LUST (strong sexual desire)

Chastity (purity, abstinence)

GLUTTONY (overindulgence of

food or drinking)

Mercy

Lewis

and

Sarah Good

Example:

Mercy Lewis is described in Act I as “the

Putnams’ servant, a fat, sly, merciless girl

of eighteen”

Sarah Good is portrayed as a homeless

beggar and alcoholic.

Temperance (moderation or self-

restraint, especially in

eating and drinking)

SLOTH (laziness / lack of

energy or dedication)

Zeal

(passion / dedication)

The Crucible

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Name: _____________________________________Date: ____________________ Per:_____

The Crucible Act II - QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS. Answer the following questions in complete sentences.

1. What does Elizabeth Proctor report to her husband about the trials in Salem? What does she urge him to do?

2. What ominous revelation does Mary Warren make about Elizabeth's reputation? How does this disclosure serve to make the quarrel between Elizabeth and John even more heated?

3. What are some of the ways in which John Hale questions Proctor and his wife about their religious faith? How do the Proctors answer the questions and allegations?

4. What theological argument does John Hale use to explain the causes of the events in Salem? He says, “…until the hour before the Devil fell, God thought him beautiful” (175, line 710).

5. Explain John Proctor's allusion as he tells Hale, "Pontius Pilate! God will not let you wash your hands of this!"

6. Explain “…the crowd will part like the sea for Israel” allusion. What is implied about Abigail?

7. What gift does Mary Warren present to Elizabeth? How does this gift get Elizabeth arrested?

The Crucible

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Conflicts in the crucible

Conflict is a disagreement or clash between people or things.

Directions: Fill in the blanks below to identify and explain the many different types of conflicts within

this drama.

Conflict Tracker Person vs. Person: refers to the struggle between two people; it does not have to be a physical struggle

Person

VS.

Person Analysis (Explanation / Impact / motivation / comment on character or society)

Person vs. Self: conflicts highlight struggles within characters; often revolves around a decision or shameful secret

Person

VS.

Self Analysis (Explanation / Impact / motivation / comment on character or society)

Person vs. Society: conflicts represent struggles between an individual and a larger group or ideology

Person

VS.

Society Analysis (Explanation / Impact / motivation / comment on character or society)

The Crucible

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The Crucible Act II – SPEAKING LIKE A PURITAN – METAPHORIC LANGUAGE FROM ACT TWO OF THE CRUCIBLE

DIRECTIONS. One of the ways Arthur Miller conveys the Puritan Setting and central thematic images of The Crucible is

through the use of metaphoric language. Read the following lines from Act Two, and determine the meaning behind the metaphors.

METAPHOR CONTEXT / MEANING

Proctor: “a funeral marches round your heart.” Sadness and grief overcome your spirit.

Elizabeth: “the magistrate sits in your heart.”

Proctor: “I will curse her hotter than the oldest cinder.”

Hale: “Theology is a fortress.”

Francis Nurse: “My wife is the very brick and mortar of the church.”

Proctor: “Vengeance is walking in Salem.”

Elizabeth: “It is a mouse no more. I forbid her go, and she raises up her chin […] and says to me, “I must go to Salem, Goody Proctor; I am an official of the court!”

Create your own metaphor regarding one of the characters.

The Crucible

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Name: _____________________________________Date: ____________________ Per:_____

The Crucible Act III - QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS. Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. Why may Danforth be willing to let Elizabeth live another year? Why might this news change Proctor’s decision to go ahead with his presentation of the deposition? 2. What does Giles Corey believe is the reason George Jacobs is in jail? Is his argument justified? Why or why not? 3. What does Mary Warren reveal in her deposition? How does Abby respond to Mary’s claims? What does this show about her character? 4. How does Abigail’s manner of responding to Danforth differ from the way in which the others respond to him? Why? 5. What provokes Abigail to “see” a bird? What might she be trying to do? 6. What is it that causes Mary to change her allegiance? Is her change of the heart surprising? Why or why not? 7. Proctor says “A fire, a fire is burning… we will burn together.” Explain what Proctor means by this.

8. Why does Hale quit the court?

9. Who is mostly to blame for the situation at the end of Act III? Choose a character and explain why this person

deserves the majority of blame. Be sure to support your accusation with specific details from the drama.

The Crucible

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*irony* Objective: SWBAT define irony and distinguish between the three types: situational, dramatic, and verbal and

recognize them in The Crucible.

Guided Practice: Read the following examples of irony. Determine which of the three types of irony are being used and then explain your answer. Use complete sentences. 1. A mean old man ate a large meal at a restaurant. The waitress tried to provide him with excellent service, but he consistently complained. First he thought that the soup was too cold when it was hot. Then he complained that one of her blonde hairs was in his mashed potatoes, but the hair was actually grey like his own. She remained patient and continued to try to help him until the end of the meal, when he left her a quarter for a tip. She replied on his way out, “Thank you for the generous tip, Mister.”

Which type of irony is used? ____________________________________________________________

Explain your answer:

2. Tom has always liked Lucy, but Lucy has always thought Tom was annoying and unattractive. One day, Lucy comes home to find an eviction notice on her door. Lucy only has 24 hours to get all her stuff over to her mom’s house, and Lucy doesn’t even have a car –but Tom has a truck. Lucy calls up Tom; she tells him that she’s always thought he was funny, and that they should hang out sometime. Tom thinks that Lucy has finally come around is beginning to like her. He also thinks that his jokes are funny because she is laughing after everything that he says.



3. The rapper Eminem is well-known for his song writing ability, but he is equally known for his shockingly profane and obscene lyrical content. Eminem has made a fortune selling his curse filled songs to millions of children around the world. But, on a 60 Minutes interview, Eminem claimed that there was no swearing in his own home and that his children were not allowed to play music with curse words, including his own tracks.



4. When Mr. Goodenwell saw his baby boy Vince for the first time, he swore that he'd do anything to protect the little guy. Mr. Goodenwell went to the store and bought $150 worth of equipment to childproof his home. He put covers on the outlets, bumpers on the table corners, and a sliding lock on the toilet lid. One day, right as Mr. Goodenwell was adjusting the covers on the door knobs, Vince pulled the cap off an outlet and choked on it. Mr. Goodenwell found him just in time.



IRONY - signals a difference between the appearance of things and reality.

Dramatic irony – When the reader or audience has knowledge a character(s) do/does not Situational irony – What actually happens is the opposite of what is expected or appropriate. Verbal irony – What is said is not meant, SARCASM.

The Crucible

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CLOSING QUESTIONS:

What is IRONY? _________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

What are the 3 types of irony? ___________________, _____________________, ____________________

What is the difference between the 3 types? ________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Independent Practice: Distinguishing between the 3 different types of irony in The Crucible.

Arthur Miller uses irony in The Crucible to highlight the absurd nature of the proceedings. Identify and explain them.

•Below are several ironic events from the play. In the space provided, explain which type of irony it is and explain it

by pointing out the contradictions involved.

1. Danforth says “I judge nothing.”

2. The name “Proctor” means “one who is in charge.”

3. The Puritan belief was that “children should be seen and not heard”.

4. The primary purpose of the Salem theocracy was to maintain community unity.

5. Giles Corey was a talkative man; his death was ironic.

6. Elizabeth is portrayed as a truthful woman, yet she lies when questioned by Danforth.

7. Elizabeth lies to save protect John’s reputation.

8. Proctor was displeased when Reverend Hale questioned his religious convictions in Act 2, yet at the

conclusion of Act 3, Proctor makes a proclamation.

The Crucible

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9. In Act 4, Sarah and Tituba are considered insane.

10. Hale attempts to persuade Elizabeth that John should make a false confession.

11. Rebecca Nurse dies and Sarah Good is saved.

12. Danforth has hanged twelve people.

13.

14. Abigail has stolen Reverend Parris’ money and run away.

15. Parris, to save his own reputation, is eager to support Abigail’s claims and the court’s decisions. He accuses

several people of making attacks upon the court. Hale’s response is this: “Is every defense an attack upon the

court? Can no one --?” How is this an example of dramatic irony?

_____ Why is the statement, “Do that which is good and no harm shall come to thee,” ironic?

a) It is spoken by Abigail – the biggest liar of the play.

b) Every time Mary tries to tell the truth, she is accused of being a witch.

c) It is a motto that is carved into the courthouse wall

d) None of the above

--arthur miler...subject-verb agreement active vs. passive voice ... underline the correct verb in...

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