Zoology: Semester Review

Directions: This is a guide intended to help you review the major themes of the semester. The questions will assess the vital vocabulary and anatomy of the animal kingdom as well as evaluating your higher order thinking skills.

Classification:

Taxonomy is the study of….?

A scientific name is composed of what two hierarchical levels?

Be able to order the hierarchical system going from big to small (kingdom to species).

What is a cladogram and how are they used to show evolutionary relationships.

What is a dichotomous key and how are they created?

Be able to interpret and/or create a cladogram or Venn diagram(do so in empty box):

On the cladogram above, add traits to the “tree” that make the organisms different from each other, like we did on our notes.

*The following questions are some basic themes and topics you should understand about each phylum.

Animal Body Development:

What is the difference between an Acoelomate, Psuedocoelomate, and Coelomate?

Be able to identify the different coelomate body structures.

How does a blastula determine a protostome and deuterostome? Be able to describe each phylum as one or the other in their embryo formation.

What are the two types of body symmetry? Which organisms show which type? If given a picture could you draw this symmetry based on the organism given?

Protista:

Why are Protista vital to healthy ocean ecosystems and food chains?

Be able to explain symbiosis between protista and another organism. Give some examples.

What are some common diseases associated with protista in the human body?

Be able to identify the three Protista we saw in lab.

Porifera:List the fundamental characteristics of Phylum Porifera.

Describe the function of the three main types of cells.

Describe the form and function of spicules. How are spicules and spongin different?

How do sponges reproduce?Cnidaria:What are the three classes of Cnidaria? Give examples for each.

Compare and contrast a Hydra and Jellyfish. How are they similar and how are they different?

Identify the basic anatomy of a True Jellyfish or Hydra. Include internal and external structures.

What is the function of the cnidocyte? How is a cnidocyte different from a nematocyst? How are cnidocytes used in this phylum?

Platyhelminthes:

What are the two ways this phylum can reproduce?

What is Fission?

Planaria Anatomy

Stem Cells:What are stem cells are stem cells and why are they important to life?

What is the difference between adult and embryonic stem cells?

What are the unique properties of stem cells?

Nematoda: Give examples of specific organisms we studied?

List some distinguishing Physical characteristics of this phylum.

What is meant when scientists say this phylum has a “fake body cavity”? What is the term to describe this?

What does dioecious mean?

What kinds of organisms do nematodes parasitize?

Annelidia:

What does annelus mean? Why is this significant to this class of animals?

Are Annelids Protostome or Deuterstome?

Outline the feeding and digestive process for an Earthworm. What organs are used during this process? How is their digestive tract similar to other phylums we have studied?

What are some potential problems with invasive earthworms?

How can annelids be used in the reclamation of a polluted environment?

How do earthworms reproduce? Sexual or Asexual? Explain the basics of how they arrange themselves to mate and the process of reproduction.

EW Anatomy

Arthropoda: What characteristic gives this phylum its name?

How are specialized limbs used in this phylum? Give some examples of a specialized limb.

How is the protein Chitin used in this phylum?

What are some advantages and disadvantages of the exoskeleton?

Why must animals in this phylum molt? What is a disadvantage of molting?

What are the three major body sections of this phylum?

How is an open circulatory system different than a closed system?

What are the 3 evolutionary constraints which limited the size of animals in this phylum?

Echinodermata: What species are found in this phylum.

Evolutionary speaking, how are they related to Chordata?

What is regeneration?

Chordata: What 4 characteristics are needed to be a chordate?

What is the biggest subphylum in this group?

How have fish evolved over time? What evolutionary changes enabled them to be so successful?

Compare and contrast bony fish to cartilaginous fish. Be able to use your fish dissection to identify body parts on a real dissection.

Identify the fundamental structures of a chordate animal.

Biological Drawings:

What are the guidelines for a biological drawing?

Be able to assess a drawing and identify drawing standards and errors of a scientific illustration.