zoo chp 13 powerpoint - springfield public schools chp 13 powerpoint.pdfphylum nematoda (roundworms)...

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Chapter13

TheSmallerEcdysozoanPhyla

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Evolu:onaryPerspec:ve– Asinglemorphologicalfeature•  Cu:cle

–  Nonliving–  Secreted– Moltedperiodically(ecdysis)


Figure13.1EcdysozoanPhylogeny.


PhylumNematoda(Roundworms)•  Nematodesareveryabundantinspecies(500,000)and

actualnumbers(5billioninanacreoffer:lesoil)•  Feedonvariedcarbonsources

–  RoJngsubstances–  Living:ssuesofinvertebrates,vertebrates,plants

•  Greatsizevariability:microscopictoseveralmeterslong•  Parasitesandfreeliving•  Lackciliaexceptinsensorystructures•  Twoclasses:SecernenteaandAdenophorea

–  Moleculardatasuggeststheclassdesigna:onsdon’taccuratelyreflectcurrentnematodephylogeny


PhylumNematoda(Roundworms)•  Characteris:csofthephylumNematoda:–  Triploblas=c,bilateral,vermiform(resemblingaworminshape;longandslender),unsegmented,pseudocoelomate

–  Bodyroundincrosssec=onandcoveredbyalayeredcollagenouscu=cle;mol=ngusuallyaccompaniesgrowthinjuveniles

–  Completediges=vetract;mouthusuallysurroundedbylipsbearingsenseorgans

– MostwithuniqueexcretorysystemcomposedofoneortworeneMecellsorasetofcollec=ngtubules

–  Bodywallhasonlylongitudinalmuscles

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Figure13.2PhylumNematoda.

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StructureandFunc:on•  Nematodesareslender,elongate,cylindrical,andtapered

atbothends•  Outer,noncellular,collagenouscu:cle

–  Con:nuouswithforegut,hindgut,senseorgans,partsoffemalereproduc:vesystem

–  Threelayers:cortex,matrixlayer,basallayer–  Maintainsinternalhydrosta:cpressure,providesmechanicalprotec:on,resistsdiges:onifparasi:c

–  Generallymoltedfour:mesduringmatura:on•  Epidermisorhypodermisisbelowthecu:cle

–  Surroundsthepseudocoelom•  Longitudinalmusclecontrac:onresultsinundulatory

wavesmovingfromanteriortoposterior–  Lackcircularmuscles


StructureandFunc:on

•  Nematodesmayhavelipsaroundmouth– Somehavespinesorteethonornearlips

•  Amphidsareanteriordepressionsinthecu:clethatcontainmodifiedciliaandfunc:oninchemorecep:on

•  Phasmidsareneartheanus,func:oninchemorecep:on


Figure13.3NematodeMouthStructure.


StructureandFunc:on•  Nematodepseudocoelomisspacious–  Fluidfilled,containsvisceralorgansandformshydrosta:cskeleton

•  Completediges:vesystem:mouth,buccalcavity,muscularpharynx,longintes:ne(diges:onandabsorp:on),rectumandanus

•  Osmoregula:onandexcre:onofnitrogenouswastes– Glandularsysteminaqua:cspeciesusesventralglandscalledreneUes

–  Tubularsysteminparasi:cnematodes,developsfromthereneUesystem


Figure13.4NematodeExcretorySystems.


StructureandFunc:on

•  Nematodenervoussystemconsistsofananteriorneuralring– Nervesextendanteriorlyandposteriorly,mayconnectviacommissures

•  Neuroendocrinesecre:onsinvolveingrowth,mol:ng,cu:cleforma:on,metamorphosis


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StructureandFunc:on•  Mostaredioeciousanddimorphic(malesaresmaller)

•  Femalesystemhasapairofconvolutedovaries

•  Malesystemhasasingletes:s


Figure13.5NematodeReproduc=veSystems.


SomeImportantNematodeParasitesofHumans

•  Ascarislumbricoides:TheGiantIntes:nalRoundwormofHumans(figures13.6,13.7)

•  Enterobiusvermicularis:TheHumanPinworm(figure13.8)

•  Necatoramericanus:TheNewWorldHookworm(figure13.9)

•  Trichinellaspiralis:ThePorkworm(figure13.10)•  Wucheriaspp.:TheFilarialWorms(figures13.11,13.12)


Figure13.6LifeCycleofAscarislumbricoides.


Figure13.7Ascarisspp.


Figure13.8LifeCycleofEnterobiusvermicularis.

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Figure13.9LifeCycleofNecatoramericanus.

Figure13.10aLifeCycleofTrichinellaspiralis.

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Figure13.10bLifecycleofT.spiralis.


Figure13.11Elephan=asisCausedbytheFilarialWormWuchereriabancroIi.

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Figure13.12LifeCycleofWucheriaspp.

LearningOutcomes:Sec:on13.3

•  CharacterizemembersofthephylaNematomorpha,Kinorhyncha,Priapulida,andLoricifera.


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OtherEcdysozoanPhyla

•  Membersofthefourremainingphylaareadiversegroupofecdysozoans

•  Sharedcharacteris:cswithecdysozoans– Cu:cle– Pseudocoelom– Collar-shapedneuralringaroundpharynx


PhylumNematomorpha

•  CommonlycalledhorsehairorGordianworms•  Nematomorphshaveseparatesexesandlackadiges:vesystem

•  Thenematomorphbodyisextremelylongandthreadlikeandhasnodis:ncthead(figure13.13)

•  Sexualmaturityisachievedduringthefree-livingadultphaseofthelifecycle

•  Larvaemustenteranarthropodhost


Figure13.13PhylumNematomorpha.


PhylumKinorhyncha

•  Kinorhynchsareminutewormslivinginmarinehabitats

•  Theirbodiesarecomposedof13or14definiteunitscalledzonites

•  Acompletediges:vesystemispresent•  Membersaredioecious•  Mol:ngoccursduringmatura:onbutceasesintheadult


Figure13.14PhylumKinorhyncha.


PhylumPriapulida

•  Thisphylumcontainsonly16knownspeciesofcucumber-shaped,worm-likeanimalsburiedintheboUomofmarinehabitats

•  Thesexesareseparate•  Thecu:cleisrepeatedlymolted


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Figure13.15PhylumPriapulida.


PhylumLoricifera

•  ThephylumLorciferawasdescribedin1983•  Thesemicroscopicanimalshaveaspinyhead(introvert),athorax,andanabdomen

•  Theyliveingravelinmarinesediments


Figure13.16PhylumLoricifera.


zoo chp 13 powerpoint - springfield public schools chp 13 powerpoint.pdfphylum nematoda (roundworms)...

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