Kingdom- AnimaliaKingdom- Animalia

Invertebrate Phyla

1) Porifera -Sponges

2) Cnidaria-Jellyfish

3) Platyhelmninthes-flatworms

4) Nematoda-Roundworms

5) Annelida--Segmented worms

6) Mollusca--Clams, Snails, Squid

7) Arthropoda--Insects,Arachnids 8) Echinodermata--Seastars

Invertebrate Phyla

1) Porifera -Sponges

2) Cnidaria-Jellyfish

3) Platyhelmninthes-flatworms

4) Nematoda-Roundworms

5) Annelida--Segmented worms

6) Mollusca--Clams, Snails, Squid

7) Arthropoda--Insects,Arachnids 8) Echinodermata--Seastars

What is an Animal?What is an Animal?

• Eukaryotic, Multicellular, Heterotrophic

• Lack Cell Walls

• Collagen present

• Store sugar as glycogen

• Eukaryotic, Multicellular, Heterotrophic

• Lack Cell Walls

• Collagen present

• Store sugar as glycogen

All Animals form a blastula and gastrula, during embryological development.

All Animals form a blastula and gastrula, during embryological development.

Different types of Cleavage (How the cell divides and splits)Different types of Cleavage (How the cell divides and splits)

• 1) Protostomes• * Spiral Cleavage--blastopore becomes

the mouth• Most invertebrate Phyla• 2) Deuterostomes• * Radial Cleavage --blastopore becomes

the anus• Echinoderata & Chordata--(Not an invert.)

• 1) Protostomes• * Spiral Cleavage--blastopore becomes

the mouth• Most invertebrate Phyla• 2) Deuterostomes• * Radial Cleavage --blastopore becomes

the anus• Echinoderata & Chordata--(Not an invert.)

Types of Symmetry--Or how the body parts are arrangedTypes of Symmetry--Or how the body parts are arranged

Radial Symmetry--Cnidaria & EchinodermataRadial Symmetry--Cnidaria & Echinodermata

Bilateral (2 halves) SymmetryBilateral (2 halves) Symmetry

2 equal sides--All other phyla2 equal sides--All other phyla

Phylum-PoriferaPhylum-Porifera

Porifera--CharacteristicsPorifera--Characteristics

• Pores

• Multicellularity

• No true tissues

• Sessile, Filter feeders

• Types--Bath (protein), Glass (SiO2), Chalk

• Pores

• Multicellularity

• No true tissues

• Sessile, Filter feeders

• Types--Bath (protein), Glass (SiO2), Chalk

Phylum CnidariaPhylum Cnidaria

Cnidaria--CharacteristicsCnidaria--Characteristics

• First true tissues, First mover (motile)

• Nerve net, Nematocysts (Stinging cells)

• One body opening (mouth)

• 3 Classes--1) Hydrozoa (Hydra, P.M.W.)

2) Scyphozoa (floating, true jellyfish)

3) Anthozoa (corals)

• First true tissues, First mover (motile)

• Nerve net, Nematocysts (Stinging cells)

• One body opening (mouth)

• 3 Classes--1) Hydrozoa (Hydra, P.M.W.)

2) Scyphozoa (floating, true jellyfish)

3) Anthozoa (corals)

Phylum PlatyhelminthesPhylum Platyhelminthes

Platyhelminthes--CharacteristicsPlatyhelminthes--Characteristics

• First, “Hunter” Moved head first• Cephalization--Head development• 3 tissue layers--ectoderm, mesoderm &

endoderm• Mostly parasitic• 3 Classes--Trematoda (flukes) Cestoda

(tapeworms) Turbellaria (Planaria et al)

• First, “Hunter” Moved head first• Cephalization--Head development• 3 tissue layers--ectoderm, mesoderm &

endoderm• Mostly parasitic• 3 Classes--Trematoda (flukes) Cestoda

(tapeworms) Turbellaria (Planaria et al)

Phylum NematodaPhylum Nematoda

Nematoda--CharacteristicsNematoda--Characteristics

• Pseudocoelom (false coelom)--A protective cushiony layer between the endoderm & mesoderm

• 2 body openings (mouth & anus)

• 1st distinct sexes (boys & girls)

• Mostly parasitic--hookworms, threadworms, pinworms

• Pseudocoelom (false coelom)--A protective cushiony layer between the endoderm & mesoderm

• 2 body openings (mouth & anus)

• 1st distinct sexes (boys & girls)

• Mostly parasitic--hookworms, threadworms, pinworms

Phylum AnnelidaPhylum Annelida

Annelida CharacteristicsAnnelida Characteristics

• True coelom

• All body organ systems, well developed

• Segmentation

• Closely related to Molluscs

• 3 Classes--Oligochaeta (earthworms) Polychaeta (predatory sandworms) Hirudinea (parasitic leeches)

• True coelom

• All body organ systems, well developed

• Segmentation

• Closely related to Molluscs

• 3 Classes--Oligochaeta (earthworms) Polychaeta (predatory sandworms) Hirudinea (parasitic leeches)

Phylum MolluscaPhylum Mollusca

Mollusca--CharacteristicsMollusca--Characteristics

• 2nd most numerous phylum

• Largest sizes--> Giant squid & clam

• Variable body form

• Most have a mantle that secretes a shell

• 1st camera-type eye (detailed images)

• Most have head--viscera--foot

• 2nd most numerous phylum

• Largest sizes--> Giant squid & clam

• Variable body form

• Most have a mantle that secretes a shell

• 1st camera-type eye (detailed images)

• Most have head--viscera--foot

Class BivalviaClass Bivalvia

More Bivalves…More Bivalves…

Class GastropodaClass Gastropoda

Gastropods have coiled shells, due to torsion. They are univalves

Gastropods have coiled shells, due to torsion. They are univalves

Class Cephalopoda--Squid, Octopus & Cuttle fishClass Cephalopoda--Squid, Octopus & Cuttle fish

Phylum Arthropoda--CharacteristicsPhylum Arthropoda--Characteristics

• Most numerous #1 Phylum

• Jointed Appendages (arms, legs, antennae) muscles are in bundles

• Exoskeleton (made of chitin)

• Adapted to nearly every habitat & niche

• Most have Head--Thorax--Abdomen

• Most numerous #1 Phylum

• Jointed Appendages (arms, legs, antennae) muscles are in bundles

• Exoskeleton (made of chitin)

• Adapted to nearly every habitat & niche

• Most have Head--Thorax--Abdomen

Phylum Arthropoda Class InsectaPhylum Arthropoda Class Insecta

Class ArachnidaClass Arachnida

Class CrustaceaClass Crustacea

Phylum Echinodermata (Spiny skin)Phylum Echinodermata (Spiny skin)

Echinodermata--CharacteristicsEchinodermata--Characteristics

• Spiny skin• Endoskeleton (like vertebrates)• Deuterostomes (like chordates) blastopore

becomes the anus• Radial symmetry (pentaradial)

• Types--seastars, sea cukes, sand dollars, sea urchins

• Spiny skin• Endoskeleton (like vertebrates)• Deuterostomes (like chordates) blastopore

becomes the anus• Radial symmetry (pentaradial)

• Types--seastars, sea cukes, sand dollars, sea urchins

Phylum ChordataPhylum Chordata

Chordate Characteristics--All vertebrates are chordates, but not all chordates are vertebrates

Chordate Characteristics--All vertebrates are chordates, but not all chordates are vertebrates

• Post-anal tail

• Pharyngeal gill slits

• Notocord

• Dorsal neural tube (nerve cord)

• Post-anal tail

• Pharyngeal gill slits

• Notocord

• Dorsal neural tube (nerve cord)