zhai, public health nutrition, feb 2002 what is china doing in policy-making to push back the...

Zhai, Public Health Nutrition, Feb 2002

WHAT IS CHINA DOING IN POLICY-MAKING TO PUSH BACK THE NEGATIVE ASPECTS

OF THE NUTRITION TRANSITION?

WHAT IS CHINA DOING IN POLICY-MAKING TO PUSH BACK THE NEGATIVE ASPECTS

OF THE NUTRITION TRANSITION?

Fengying Zhai

Professor of Nutrition

Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene

Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine


Fig1. Trend of mortality of NCDs

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1954 1957 1963 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1998

Respiratory diseases

Respiratory diseases

Heart diseasesHeart diseases

CVDCVD

CancerCancer

Metabolic diseasesMetabolic diseases

Digestive diseaseDigestive disease

Dea

th r

ate

1/10

0000

Death rate of NCD in urban areas 1954-1998

Source:China Disease Surveillance data.


Fig4. Comparison of BMI Distributions of Chinese Young Adults of Different Surveys

9. 812. 9

10.14

11.98

7.73 7.45

9

14.9

8 8.46. 9

11. 6

0

10

20

<18.5 >25 <18.5 >25

1982

1989

1992

Urban Rural

Source: Ge K Y, et al. The dietary and nutritional status of Chinese population. People’s Medical Publishing House.p-92.

%


Direct medical costs of selected NCDs: 1998 Survey

COPD: 49.50 billion RBM CVD: 25.89 billion RBM Cancer: 12.8 billion RBM Total: 88.19 billion RBM

(10 billion USD) Direct medical cost only includes fees from

inpatient

Source: China Disease Surveillance Data


1989 10.77 14.59

1991 9.8 17.78

1993 8.87 10.07

Tab.2 The prevalence of malnutritionin children aged under 5-year in 8 provinces

in China from 1989 to 1997

1997 4.58 10.38

16.94 29.85

18.92 31.3714.50 27.0912.88 20.38

Underweight (%)

Urban Rural Urban Rural

Stunting(%)


Actions in nutrition sectorActions in nutrition sector

The Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents and Food Guide Pagoda

Eat a variety of foods, with cereals as the staple.

Consume plenty of vegetables, fruits, and tubers.

Consume milk, beans, or dairy- or bean-products every day.

Consume appropriate amounts of fish, poultry, eggs, and lean meat. Reduce fatty meat and animal fat in the diet.

Balance food intake with physical activity to maintain a healthy body weight.

Choose a light diet that is also low in salt.

If you drink alcoholic beverages, do so in limited amounts.

Avoid unsanitary and spoiled foods.


The change of meat consumption

0

20

40

60

80

100

120g/d

city suburb town village

91

93

97


The change of energy intake % of fat

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40%

city surbur town village

91

93

97


Actions in nutrition sector (con’t)

National Plan of Action for Nutrition

Background support


The Outline on China Food and Nutrition Development from

20012010

• The current consumption of meats in China: pork-70%, beef and mutton-15%, poultry-15%

• pork consumption will be adjusted to be reduced to 62% of the total meat consumption

• poultry consumption will be increased to 20% after adjustment at the same time


Related health sector activitiesRelated health sector activitiesThe National Plan of community-based control and prevention for the NCDs

The National Guideline for the Control and Prevention of Hypertension

The National Plan for the Prevention and Control of Diabetes Mellitus, Malignant Tumor

The National Plan for Community-Based Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Diseases


Efforts by other sectorsEfforts by other sectors

Promotion to develop soybean industry and to increase soybean consumption

Subsidization of vegetables

Smoking cessation

Physical activity promotion


Fig. 2. Age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension in population aged 35-64 of demonstration sites in 1989 and 1996

0

5

10

15

20

Male Female

19891996

Pre

vale

nc

e (

%)

Source: Tianjin non-communicable chronic disease community comprehensive prevention and control projectDefinition of hypertension: systolic blood pressure≥160 &/or diastolic bp ≥ 95 mm Hg


010

203040

50607080

90100

（％）

Fig 1. The percentage of different groups knowing"Dietary Guideline for Chinese Residents"

Primary School Children

Secondary School Children

elderly Household

Intervention group A

Control group A

Control group B

Intervention group B


Conclusions

National policies attempts to prevent DR-NCD

• Dietary Guidelines• Food supplies, productions, and

consumption and utilizationThrough implementations of national plans

for controlling and prevention of DR-NCD to change KAP and improve people’s health


Some suggestions Some suggestions The intersectorial collaboration should be strengthened

A working group at national level should be formulated

A comprehensive intervention strategy should be taken

The nutrition education activities should be strengthened

The dietitian law should be formulated

zhai, public health nutrition, feb 2002 what is china doing in policy-making to push back the...

Documents

public health nutrition

fat slide

nutrition development

nutrition transition

time slide

china food

national plan of community

pork consumption