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Intercontinental Landfill Research Symposium

October 13-16, 2002, Asheville, N.C., USA

Yolo County’s Accelerated Anaerobic and Aerobic Composting (Full-Scale Controlled Landfill Bioreactor) ProjectRamin Yazdani, Project ManagerYolo Count Planning and Public Works DepartmentDivision of Integrated Waste ManagementRamin.Yazdani@yolocounty.org (530) 666-8848

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Presentation

l Project Sitel Design differencesl Project partnersl Project Goals and Objectivesl Achievements to Datel Design and Construction Challengesl Economicsl Future Tasksl Conclusions

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Project Location Map

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Project Site Map

Full-Scale BioreactorEPA XL Project

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Project Site Map

Anaerobic Cell

6 Acres

Anaerobic Cell

3.5 Acres

Aerobic Cell

2.5 Acres

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Project Phase 1 & 2

l

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Project Site Map

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Design Differences from a Conventional Landfilll Primary composite liner better than

Subtitle D and CA Title 27 prescriptive standardslClay permeability better (6x10-9

cm/sec) than 1x1-7 cm/seclSecondary containment (40 mil

HDPE) to protect groundwaterlLeak testing of primary liner system

to locate pin holes

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Design Differences from a Conventional Landfilll No soil cover used within the waste

mass as daily or intermediate coverl Horizontal gas collection system

installed at 40 to 80 feet at each liftl Install pressurized horizontal leachate

injection lines within the same trench as the gas collection systeml Install temperature, pressure

transducers, tubes, and moisture sensors to collect real time datal Use real time monitoring (SCADA)

system

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Project Partners & Funding

l Project Partners:– Yolo County-DIWM ($2,753,000)– California Energy Commission-PIER ($1,154,250) – National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. DOE ($563,000) – California Integrated Waste Management Board ($400,000) – Institute for Environmental Management (Tech. Support)– U.S. Environmental Protection Agency– Solid Waste Association of North America– California State Regional Water Quality Control Board – California State Water Resources Control Board– California Air Resources Control Board– Yolo-Solano Air Quality Management District – Yolo County Environmental Health

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Project Goals and Objectives

lCollect technical and economic data to demonstrate full-scale operation as beneficiallProvide technical solution to

permitting and regulatory constrains in the commercialization of this technologylU.S. EPA XL project (“eXcellence

and Leadership”)

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Regulatory Requirements

lWhat is EPA Project XL?– Project XL, stands for “eXcellence and Leadership”– It is a national pilot program that tests innovative ways

of achieving better and more cost-effective public health and environmental protection

– Under EPA Project XL Yolo County can obtain state and federal regulatory flexibility to implement innovative Full-scale Bioreactor

– The goal is to engage those parties affected by environmental regulations and policies to find solutions that work better than those currently mandated

– What is learned will be applied broadly to improve public health and environmental protection

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EPA XL Project Schedulel Project XL application submitted in 1999 l Permits issued by CA State Agencies-6/2000l Final Project Agreement signed-9/2000l Federal rule making completed by EPA-8/2001 l Construction (2000-2002)l Data collection and reporting (2001-2005)

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Project Objectives

lFull-scale operation to accelerate waste decomposition through liquid addition without liquid head build up over the base linerlEfficient capture of nearly all

methane generated without an impact to the local air qualitylDocument capital and operation’s

cost of project - commercialization

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Achievements to Date

lConstruction of base liner system

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Achievements to Date

lConstruction of landfill waste filling

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Achievements to Date

lConstruction of the instrumentation system

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Achievements to Date

lConstruction of the SCADA System

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SCADA System for Bioreactor

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SCADA-Leachate Injection System

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SCADA Real Time Data

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SCADA Control for Leachate Injection System

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SCADA- Real Time Data Export to Database

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Yolo Bioreactor Home Page

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Yolo Bioreactor-Web Based Data Extraction and Graphing

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Yolo Bioreactor-Sample 2D Graphs from Database

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Bioreactor Bottom Liner Temp.

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

Tempature (degree C)

North

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Achievements to Date

lConstruction of landfill gas collection and removal system

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Achievements to Date

l Collection of 2x106 SCF fugitive landfill gas (45% methane) from 3.5 acre anaerobic bioreactor before water addition

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Achievements to Date

l Construction of leachate recirculation and pumping system

l Injected of over 850,000 gallons of leachate in the anaerobic 3.5 acre landfill

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Achievements to Date

lConstruction of final cover system

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Achievements to Date

lFirst waste sampling and testing

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Achievements to Date

lFirst waste Settlement Survey

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Achievements to Date

lFugitive methane emissions monitoring using FID/PID Vapor Analyzer (FOXBORO TVA-1000)

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Achievements to Date

lLandfill gas sampling (LANDTECH GEM-500) and laboratory testing lLeachate sampling and laboratory

testing

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Design and Construction Challenges l Liner cap design and constructionl Installation of instrumentation after

waste fillinglSecuring installed liner and

penetration of pipes through the caplHDPE Injection lines-drilling and

installing fittingslPressurized Leachate injection

system-inspection for leaks

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ECONOMICS-Capital Cost for Bioreactor

Capital Cost per Ton of Waste(360,000 tons, 12 acres, 1,200 lbs/c.y.)

$0.20

$0.65

$0.25$0.50

$0.27 $0.25

$2.12

$0.20

$0.85

$1.60

$1.00

$0.00

$0.75

$4.40

$0.00

$0.50

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

$4.00

$4.50

$5.00

Design WasteMonitoring

Gas System LeachateSystem

Cover System Data Collection Total Cost

Co

st p

er T

on

of

Was

te

Anaerobic Aerobic

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Annual Operating Cost EstimateAnnual Opearting Cost per Ton of Waste

(360,000 tons, 12 acres, 1,200 lbs/c.y.)

$0.15

$0.018 $0.022

$0.190

$0.50

$0.036$0.073

$0.609

$0.00

$0.10

$0.20

$0.30

$0.40

$0.50

$0.60

$0.70

Field and Lab. Power-Leachate Power-Gas/Air Total Annual Cost

Ann

ual O

pera

ting

Cos

t pe

r To

n of

Was

te

Anaerobic (6 yrs) Aerobic (2 yrs)

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Benefits of Bioreactors Total Benefit per Ton of Waste

(360,000 tons, 12 acres, 1,200 lbs/c.y.)

$2.40

$5.94

$1.20

$0.00 $0.00

$9.54

$3.00

$0.00

$2.40

$0.00 $0.00

$5.40

$0.00

$2.00

$4.00

$6.00

$8.00

$10.00

$12.00

Airspacerecovery

Powergeneration

Leachatedisposal

Greenhouse gas Closure cost Total Benefit

Ben

efit

per

Ton

of

Was

te Anaerobic (6 yrs) Aerobic (2 yrs)

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Present Worth Benefit/CostPresent Worth Benefit Cost Ratio

(360,000 tons, 12 acres, 1,200 lbs/c.y.)

0.72

2.64

0.72

1.71

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Aerobic Anaerobic

Pre

sent

Wor

th B

/C R

atio

Ele

ctri

city

Sal

e$0

.03

per

Kw

-hr

Ele

ctri

city

Sal

e$0

.015

per

Kw

-hr

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Remaining Tasks for the 3.5 acre Anaerobic BioreactorlComplete the second surveying

event to monitor waste settlementlConduct the second round of waste

sampling and testinglPerform surface scan monitoring for

methane emissions lMonitor and sample leachatelMonitor and sample landfill gaslReport results

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Remaining Tasks for the 6 acre Anaerobic BioreactorlComplete installation of

instrumentation and monitoring systeml Complete installation of the surface

liner systemlComplete installation of the leachate

injection and pumping system

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Remaining Tasks for the 6 acre Anaerobic BioreactorlComplete installation of the landfill

gas collection and removal system lConduct the second round of waste

sampling and testinglComplete the first surveying event

to monitor waste settlementl Install, and troubleshoot the SCADA

system

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Remaining Tasks for the 6 acre Anaerobic BioreactorlPerform surface scan monitoring for

methane emissions lMonitor and sample leachatelMonitor and sample landfill gaslBegin operation and report results

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Remaining Tasks for the 2.5 acre Aerobic Bioreactorl Complete installation of blower and

pipingl Complete installation of the biofilter l Begin liquid injection and air suction l Perform surface scan monitoring for

methane emissions lMonitor and sample leachatelMonitor and sample biofilter air samples l Begin operation and report results

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Conclusions l Bioreactors can be:

– Designed to protect the environment more than the conventional landfills

– Be operated in a safe manner– Be Constructed with normal equipments– Instrumentations be installed as filling– Early gas collection under cover to reduce

fugitive emissions via horizontal layers– Inject leachate slowly to not impact head over

the liner within waste lifts

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ConclusionslBioreactors can be:

– Inject leachate horizontally within the waste to distribute moisture

– Be design to be operated by SCADA system

– Collect real-time field data for monitoring and control

– Create a master database for data management and reporting

– Economical to construct and operate

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Thank You!

THE END