7/25/2019 Yojna Eng 515

1/7

lni:,istructure

and

Tourism

Development

The

Indian

roa

smi dustry

did not

hate

it so

good

since

the ea y

1990s.

Though

the

Indian

econor

y

has

slowed,

it is

still

growing

ldstet

tha

the

rcsl of the

wo d- lfirh

Ihdian

eco\omy

grcwing

al

around

5

pet

cent pet

a

un,

afld

ise

in

disposable

incomes

of Indians,

an

inc

rcas

ing n

am ber of

people

going

on holiday

tips

within

the

countty

and dbruad

is

resulting

i|

the

touism

indusrry

gowing

wings-

The

potential

fot

India

to

attracl

toutists

is

urrlimited

and toarisu

can

play

an

i

nc

rcas

i

ng ly

b e n

efi

ial

r

o

lc

in

lhe

Indian

econoh,y

in the

yeats

to come

srvices

(

infbrmation, relative

prjces.

transportation,

accommodation,

and

attractiol1

services

(Gunn

lq88).

Tourist

experiences

are also

shaped

by

economic

and political

condilions

and

structural

features

which conribDte lo

the nature

ofrle

destination producr.

MuQhy

et al

(2000)

relared

rhis type

of

product

to a

supplv

ard

dmand

analysis

and

described

how thevarious

components

o

f lhe

destination

in teracr

with travelers

during

their

trip.

The pioneer

in

acknowledging

the

role

of

service infrasrructure

in

creating

a

prodrct

experience

was

Smith

(1994).

He

suggsted that

"service

infrasiructure

is housed

within

the larger

macro-environment

or

physical

plant

of the

dstination"

(Smith,

1994). He

also

stressed

the

fact

that

the

level,

use,

or

lack

of

infrastructure

and

technology

in a

destination

are also

visible

and

determioing

fatures

that

can

enhance the

visitors'

trip experience.

Others

who

supported his

views were

Choy

(1992);

Buharis (2000);

and

Crouch

and Ritchie (2000).

They

summarized

that

tourists'

overall

Manoj

Dlrit

irttpression

develops

their inrage

of

a destination

after their visirarion

.and

that infrastruoture

rnay play

an

impo

ant

role in

that

respect.

The

iourist

destinatio[

product

is

also better understood

iu

the

conrexr

of

conrparative

and

colllpetitire

advantag.

Crouch

and

Ritchie

(1999),

argued

thar factor condirions

are important

detertninanls

ol

altractiveness

as

tourists

travel

to

a

destination to receive

the

destination

Every element

has

been

categorised

under core attraction

and

srpporting

element. The

destination's

general

inli$tructure

services in this

category

in

fact.

represnt one

ofthe

most

impo&nt

factors.

The tourism

phenomenon

relies

heavily on

public

utilitis

and infrastructural

supporr.

Tourism planning

and

development

would

not

be

possible

withoul roads,

airpods, harbours,

electriciq,,

sewage,

and

potable

water. The infrastructural

dirnension

is thus,

a necessary

element

for

tourism

development

and the

above factors are

all

basic

elements for attracting

visilors to

a

deslination.

Generally, infrastructure

has

not been included

in

empiricrl

works because

it

is

expected

to

be

-

available

at a destination

and

has

not been

promoted

as an attraction

OURISM

PRODUCT

is

a

conplex

consumptive

experience

ihat

resuits

lrom

a

process

where

tourists

use mtltiple

of

The aulhor

is th

Directot Institute

orTourism

studies, univeniry

of I-uctnofiimrni

Elllmin-en

more than l0 books

on

toukm

and

has coducted

training

programs

tu

capacity

bsilding in

rourism and

hospitatiiy

relared

areas.

He

is on the

adviso.y/

research

boa.ds

ofseveml univeNities

for ioorism

all acros India.

He had

widely

havered

and

;as

Adjuncr

professor

in the Univeciiy

ofScience

& Technolog

ofChina,

Chensdu,

pR

ofChin

YOJANA

Mav

20ls

7/25/2019 Yojna Eng 515

2/7

thcror. Smilh

(1994), ard

Cronch

and Ritchic

(1999)

prolide a

sood

theoretical

treatment

ol the role

of

ser ice

nrFasnucture

in creating

a

loLrrism

product

expericnce.

i,,:,i:.r,

Tourism

inirasrrtrclure

is tlre

suppl)

chain of

nrnsPort.

social

aud

en ironmenlrl

inl-rastmctrre

collnborrring

al

x rcgional

level to

creare

dcstinnlioD

inclLrdnlg:

l'nnt

\

la

t

1

I

nl r

d

s

t

t

trc

no-e

\\l1icll

pro\ id.s rh.

\

i\iror

access

iionr

inrernrrional

and dorncstic

sourcc

nrark.r\

Io dcslinxrions:

and

inclLrdes

an?orls.

lnntor

ftrxds and

rail.

5o.n,/

rrrrrrrlrlrr(

which

ls

Lhe stock

ol rooms

to acconnnodale

visitors.nJ

phlsical structurcs

ibr

c\hibirioni.

e\ ents

and serviccs

drat

attract

\rsilors.

This infiastructure

includci

hotels.

convenli{m

cenlres.

srad

iums.

galleries

and

rourisl

precin.t in a desrinalion.

l: Iik)|

ttnIuI tnli'dstrlkt

rc

which

is

the

Drturalestatc

ofnatioral

pnrks.

ariDc

parks

and

reseNcs,

incltrdillg

\

isitor

facilitics.

Colltharu itc

1tllidst'

lk tLtr-e

\\ich

is lhe nenlork

of rcgional.

state

and

Datioual kNrism

organizatioDs

that

market dcstinatioDs and

distribute

Thc

supply chain

of

lourisDr

inlrasiruclure

and

Prodrcl

is

ilhLslratcd

in Figure

l.

This

loLuisN

irliastructure

is

primarily

buill

on

pri\

ate

capital.

wifi

the

private

sector

conrribLrting

7li

per

ccnl

ol

total

ljisuru

I: lotrrisD

suPPl)

(hnin

lourism

in cstmeDt.

lntcmational

airports

and acconrnrodaiion

roon1

srock

is

pdvate

infrastrrchre.

Road.

rail

and seaports

arc

typically

publlc

irfraslructure.

lniiastructure

such

as

conventionceDn'esand

nationalpatks

are

public asseis

provided tar social

ard

cnviron

ental

policy

objccriles.

Conde

N^st ranked lndia

amongst

thc

top I0 iourist

destiDalions.

lndia

is

probably rhe only

couDtry

rhat offcrs

arious

categorics

of

rourisnr.

These

iDcltrde motrntains.

lbrests.

history.

advenlure

huris .

rnedical

rourism

(nlcluding

ayLneda

and other

lbnns of

lrrdian

nledicatioos).

spiritual

tourism.

bcach touris

(lndia

has

the

longest

coxstliDe

in

thc

East).

It

has

bcen

said

that dcslinati(nrs

h

Indin

arc more

dilcrsc

than

thc

couDtries

clsewlrerc.

EacL

region

ol

India

has

a unque

culrrre. festivals/

dress. monu

ental

heritage

and

Thc Indian

tourisnr

industry did

not

havc

it

so

good since

rhe early

I990s.

Though

the lndian

ccono'ny

has

slo\\'ed.

it

is

still

gro virg fastcr

than

tlre rest otthe

world.

Wilh lndian

economy

glowing at arotrnd

5

fcr

cenr

perannum and rise

disPosable

incomes

of

Indians.

aD

increasing

number

of

pcople

gonrg on holiday

lrips within

the couDtry

and

abroad

is

resulting

ilr

Lhe

tourislrl induslry

growing

wings.

Thc

Porential

ibr

lDd;a to atlracl

totrisc

is

unlimited

and

tourism

can

phy rn

iDcreasingly

bcne6cial

role in

thc

Indian

econonry

in

lhe

years

lo co'ne.

Despite

the

nunrerous

Problems.

tourism

induslry

was

lhe

second_

largesr

fbreign

exchange

earner

lbr

IDdia. Tourism

conlributcd 6.6

Per

cent

ol India's

GDP

and

crcated

19.5

millioniobs

in

2012.

The

toralnumbcr

of

iDbornd tourisls

has

8ro\\'n

at

16

per cent

in

the

last

fivc

years and

is

expccled

to

gro\v al l2

Per

cent

in

thc

lcxl decadc.

During

2013.

tr.ivel

and

torrisnl

induslry

contributed

Rs

61.160 crore

to thc

econo'ny.

Inlcrnational

tourists account

for

a

litrle

over 5

million visitors.

while

domestic

market

is seen

at

Fore

ihaD

500

nrillion.

The

growth

pattern

suggesls

lhat

IndiaD

toirrism

growrh is nol

solely

based

on foreign

tourisl

arrivals

alonc

as due

10

global

rcasons

and

distur

bances.

lhis

phcnoffenoD

is

always

.llTectcd

adverscly.

Howevcr.

domestic

tourisnr

has

been

grouing

in a settled

way.

l-airs and

fesrivals

of lndia

are continuous

Phenomena.

Events

like Kumbha

in

norlh

dnd

onam and

Mahamastakabhishcka

in

lhe south

are

evcnls

lhat

lclch a

lot

ol

tolllisls

almost

cver vcar.

A

look

at

dle

Figurc-i

willdcDote

explicilly

thar

despi c

potertial

and

ab{ndance

oI

nann'al

beauty.

many

slatcs

have

lailed io

dttract

tourisnr

I

ikc

nor

th-.asrcrn

stalcs.

Lakshad\.rcep

and

Chhattiscarh

not

becausc

oi'any

rcason othcr

lhaD

lack

of lotrrisnr

AccordiDg

to Deloitte

Touche.

(he

Indian kmrism

sccror

is likelv

to

gencrale nearly

S'12.8

billion bv

2017

Destile

lhe

clrallengcs

being

lsced ir

lems

ofa slo\ting

economy.

sltrggish

denrand

and

security

concerns.

lhe

counn'y

was

figlrlirg back

and

tourisnr

devclopmenrs

were taking

placc. Despil;

rhe

deepeDing

world

er:ononic crisis.

India s

economY

rcnrains

in deccnt

shapc

and is

slill

cxperienciog

$nre

of

thc sn'ongest

qrorvth

r

ales

irr

the $'orld

.

Ihe Dcloiite

It is

i_asl

turning

into

\'olunrc

ganrc whcre.

an

c er burgeoniDg

number

ofparticip{nts

arc

pushnrg up

rcvenues

ol induslry

flayers

(holels.

tour

operators.

airlincs.

sh

ippin

g

lines. etc).

This

wijl

r.sulr

in

grcaler

roonr occupancics

and

average

roonr

rcrenues(ARRs)

in the

corntry. ARRs

have

noved

up

and

rooln

occupancy

rxtes

h.vc

also shot

uP.

Thus-

lhc

lourisrn

sector

is

cxpecrcd

to

perlban

well

ir

tirrure

rnd thu

induslry

offers

a

intcresrirg

investlnenl

opportunity

lbr long-terrn

investors.

Real;zing

thc

potential in

India. intenrational

and

dornestic

Lolel

r,.

ti

t,

I'

YOJANA

May

2015

7/25/2019 Yojna Eng 515

3/7

Annud Growth

(

Der

cent)

,001

-1.2

2402.

2384164

200:l

2'126114

200,1

1157117

26.8

2005

l9t

86t0

l:t :l

2006

13.5

t0ul

508t504

t4.l

2008

5282603

2009

-2.2

5115692

8

20t1

4r109222

9.2

2012

657174s

.{.1

20tl

5.9

chains

werc

rushmg

io cash

in

on

i{-

Mcdical

tourism

was

poiscd for rapid

developmcnt

in tlrc

luture

and

India

is

'

busy

developing

firsFclass

lacilities

to

atlract

this muhi-billion

dollar

niche

The

suddcn

boonr

in

tourisn

nr

tndia

took

the tourism

industry

bv

stonn

forcing

everyone

lo

lhink

how

to

rstain

the

growth.

In

fact-

tourism

is a trillion

dollar

indusrry

nlxktug

it

onc of

the

largest

forcign

cxchangc

camers

and

geDerator

ofemplovment

in

tndia.

Accom

odation.

transPort

and

Sourcc:

B reau

ollmmigrerion,

India

Figurt

3: Domc\tic

and

Forci:n

Iouri\|.

in lndix

t2012_llr

S. No. state/uT

2l)12

20r3

Andanlan

&

Nicobar

lslands

238669

t7518

241701

14111

t5.94

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8

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l.

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t0li46

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45 t 1407

17541

468,1527

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21447099

It/6rll

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-:t0.l8

6.

9245ri9

l4B0

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g'16922

Lll

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469213

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2.64

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9.

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4601

819947

48 t4

t.99

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Delhi

18495139

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9.24

sourcc:

Minislryollounsn,Cov.mmcntorlndia.Tonrisn

starkri's2013

YOIANA

May

2015

7/25/2019 Yojna Eng 515

4/7

recrcaiioo

facilities

arc

the keY

colnponents

of

any major

toLrrism

destin rioo.

Thc

compeliliveness

of

lhcse facilitics

at

a national

or intemational

scale

dclermines

whethcr

they

bccome

valuable

assets

for. or

likely

impcdiments

lo.

at(racting

visitors

Lo

a dcslination.

Plans

for

improvin-s

rht

olerall

atlraction

oi

a

dcninarion

need

to

be

based

on dernilcd

inlornration

highlightnrg

rhc

cu

enl

starc

olsuch

lr

is

quil.

ob\ ious

IhrL India

docs

nor

|osscss

good roads.

only

l2

Pcr

c.fl

Dccl

$,orld clnss

criteria.

This

is i_ar

roo less

1o anlnct

intemalional

rourisrs.

Entirc

Eurofe

loves lo

lmvel

bv

road

tin

lourisnr

PUrposcs;

but

l;dians havc

m rhmk

multrplL'tines

risur.l

F(roign

TouriilArrivah

lron

lbp l5 mrrkets

(2013)

{Ntrmbers

in

Miltion

and

Percentage

snrre)

Sorrce:Minisrr,y

of

Tourism,

Goleflnncnr.

Govemnlent

of

lndia' Markel

Research

Dilision,

To .ism Sraristics

201l

\OJANc

\.4a) l0l5

bcfore travellnrg

or roads.

Moreover.

undisciplined

driving

nrakcs ]t even

more dangcrous.

India

lras

one

ofthe

highest

rankings in

road accidents.

Aboul

28

per cenl of

the route

kilomcter

39

perceni of nnrning

track

kilometer

and4I

per

cent

of

total track

kilonrercr

is

elcctri6ed.

lnland \\'rte

r Trn

nsporl

India

has abour

l'1.500

krn

oI

navigable

$aterlvays

which comprises

ri crs. canals.

back$'atcrs.

creeks.

etc.

About 50

million

tonDes oicargo

corrcsponding

10 l.8l

billion

nnnre

was lransporlcd

irr

2006-07 by lnlLlnd

WaterTransport

(lWT).

Ils opemtions

are cufl'cn(ly

restricted

to

r iew

strelches

in

thc Ganga

Bhagirarhi

Ilooghly

Rivers.

Thc Brahmapulra,

the

B.rak

River

tlrc rivers

in Goa.

the

backwaters

ir

Kerala.

inlandwalers

n1

M mbai

aDd

llre delt:ric

regions

oithe

Godavari-Krishna

rivers.

Bcsides

the

organized

opcrations

by nrechanized

essels.

conntrY

boats

of 'arious

capacities

also

oPerate

i, various

rivers

and

canals.

Data

of

cargo

and

passenger

molemcnl in

uDoqanized

sector

(i.e.

bY

counh'Y

boats.

clc.)

has

nol

becn

coDrpilcd

but

it is

a

fact

thal substantial

quantutn ol

cargo

and

passengcrs

are

transported

in the

nnorsanized

sector

s well

Airportr

in

lndir

lndia has

46 airportsr

fiowever,

theilj

are

not

many

which conncctwilh

thc rest ofthe

counlry.

Duc

to this.

thc

(ime

lrkcn tbrtrNellingbyair

is

manv

timcs more

than

whatis takenby tmin.

For examplc.

ifonc

wislrcs

to

travcl

l'o

Agra to

V.ranasi

or Jaipur

bv air.

he

or she

will lrave

1()

go ro

Dclhi

beibrc

boarding

rny

orher

llight.

lf

India

does

not

lake

ad antage

oftlris

tourisn

rcvohliorl,

il\till

havc

only

hersell

to

blarne

Wrtlr

just

a

Itw inilialives,lndia

can really

rake

benefits

of this

srnnise

sector.

The

lack

of iniiaslructure

is

visible

in

all

scgmena

oftotrrism

bc

it relatcd

to

airporls.

rail vay. sltrlace

transport.

accornmodation

ttairled

manpowcr.

shopping

with

case.llaveling

in

stvle.

medical

tourism.

tourism

cd

cation.

sustainablc

developrnent

norrns

clc.

The

tourism

iodustry

can

maximiTc

or

lhe infr.slruclue

devcloprnenl

palt

by

pro iding

priorily

ro rotrrisrrr

tax

incenlivcs

lo

pdvale seclor'.

speciali/ed

norNS

for

single

window

cleatance

for

lbreigD

investl]lents.

crealnrg

land,

bank

Iinancial

assislance

mainlv

long tenn

loan on

lc,w

rale

ofinleresl.

liee

ffow of

lbreign

exclraDge

in

thc

coun(ry.

invol ing

professionals

rnd

lcss

intedtrencc

by bureaucrats

or

free from

red-tape.

This

is the

riglrr

approach

and

onlY

way

to boosl

S,

NO

USA

|

085

(15.58

n r

ccno

2

LIK

SriLon\J

0.259

(-1.72 per

cenl)

0.:55

(l66

po'ccnt)

1.

0.252

(3.62 pcr

cent)

E.

0.220

(1.l6

pe.

cent)

)

0.175

(2.51

perccnt)

0.141

(2.05 per

cent)

5

Share

oflop

l0

co0tries

Share

ollop

l5

counlrics

4.927

(70.72

D

cent)

Soui.e:

\'linislry

ofTourisnr.

Corenn cnr

ollidi.. Totrris

Sratisrics

2011

rigu.c5:

Tourism RteiPts,

Rs

nillion.

(2009_2013)

US$ MiUion

:009

ltl6

3.7

t0

0

20.8

4193

2'1.6

l0

77591

16.7

20

').

9,1487

2l.ll

1131

7.1

20

r0767 t

t4.0

40

7/25/2019 Yojna Eng 515

5/7

Num

Der

of

Approv.t

Horet.

rrA

,lr"itrrriIrr.,r

_

Horet

Room,

Duritrg

20t:l

l0tl8

source:

Nl in istr)

o

i

lbu

ris i,

Covcrnmcnl

or

hrdia,

Marl\er

R".",

r"1,

Dt;;;

To;

Slatlsln\ zrlrr

around

tourisl

destiDations

for

at1

2

Proper

attenrion

rvoutd

necd

lo

be

given

ro

rhe

to

owing:

.

Desirn

Codcs.

Acsrhctics

rrd

Anthropotnerrics.

choicc

of

materirls.

Iabricarion.

durability.

wcarherirg

and

nraiftenaDce_

.

Signagcr

Adequacy

and

.

Liucr,/recyctinc

bins.

.

hrtbnnarion/waylind;Dg.

.

InfonnationandTouisl

Faciliration/

CoDvenicnce

Cenlrc

.

Parkirg

un;ts.

includirrgparking

lor

l{

o-whee

lers

and

park

irrg

tac

ititics

ibr

the physica

tly

;hallcnged.

..

Thechallen-se

is to

idcrr titi

c

ircuils

hcarrcning

thar

lhe

Union

Ministry

of

li,

inrcgrarcd

dcvetofnrerrt

and

setcct

Tourhm

(MOrt

1", trr,"a

g,,ta-.li,,.,

centers

wh.re

laciliries

to come

tor

touririrn

;nrru".,*.

i ,r,,i"ri

tup^

in

te.rns

of

popularity

as

in

a

stales

can

create

wortd

class

t(nn.isnr

infrastructuml

delctopment

financiat

inliashrdure.

SoDre

ourlines

of this

erun,Ii.

Lcr,nre.SuI\r'r]l.,.,ecr:re

gurJetirflndi.arcrh.

r,rcrcr.:,r.ro\c

aptro

tr.t.

r.

dtso

nc(d.d.

t\c

righr

oir(c

ion.

lnd

iJ

r

jnrrxsrr .rure

trobtenrs

a11sc

nol

tusr

frorn

rrs

inabilirv

r.

crearc

tircilities

as has

bcen

seen in

the

National

Highways

Dcretopmcnr

progr.tnmcs.

raijway.

expen

s

ive

programmes

lor

airport

devetopnrenrs.

Equally

fruslratins

is lhe

tailurc

of

most

imagcs

of

fiesc

intrastructure

projeots

to identify

lhe

Iasr

nrinure

problems

and

fix

them

berbre

thev

become

uDnranaseabte.

Dcspire

rhe

higlr

voltage

of6cirt

"Incredible

hrdia

campaign..

ro

scl

thc

country

as

an alte.nalivc

desrin:rrion.

the

Tourist

footfatls

are

rather

modest

for

r

conlinent

sizcd

counlry.

The

onl)

siy ue

can

progress

rr

lnrPro\e

InirastrucrLrre

dcfcienc ,.dnd

I ilt

wc

become

proactive.

our

tourist

arrivats

willstagnate

at 5

or6

Driti;on

o.ty.

Il

is

l0

l.

State/UT

Adm

irr

islration

should.

a\

lar

as

lrossrhte.

cnrpt,ry

drchrrc.rs.

inclLrJrng

c o n

e r

a

r

r

n

ll

.r n .]

Jandscrpe

Jrchrrerl\

ib

o$ Inq

codal

h'flnaJrties

nnd

rlresesho t,l

b;

liDded

from

rheir

oun resources

2.

EfTorts

shoutd

bc

made

bv ttc

Srarc/

LiT

Adminisrration

ro havc

one window

clcarance

ibr

lourism

L

While

formulnring thc

schcme\

undcr

Mcga

Desrinadon

proiecls/

(ircurrs

b)

the

Sl.res

UTs.

alrcnrpt\

shouU

be nrade

kr

bnnscun\euencc

u

rrh the

JNNURM

trrh:rn

(li\

ir

Anrclliiici

L

States

shouid

creale

atl

weather

circulalion

nerworks

and

connectivity

including

crearioD

01.

barier

lree

enviroDmcnt

in

and

i. States/Union Terrilorv

\dnrif

i trdlron\

\houtd

enrour.,S;

llce

and

ft(que

l

drsrnbuIoI

uf

higfi

qlllliry

lou

st

maps, guides.

CDs. postcrs.

rourisn

catendars.

fald

aDd

like

atong

nraps;

atso

cry

strong

graphic

displ.y

to

pronrole

I

ndia,s

ibrant

and

diveIse

4.

Delailed

proiecl

reporr

must

mlke

clearlhat

the

tand

is

avaitabte

with

thc

inrplemcntinC

agcncy.

tf

a

projcct

san loncd

b)

rhe

Mrnrstl",,

has

nor

bcen

sldrted

Jue ru n, r-

availabilily

of

tand

eveD

aticr

one

ycdr.

rhr

Inotcd

\r

be drofped

Jnd

the

lunds u

itt

be recutererl

.r

5. Waysidc

amenitics

should

be

located

afier

about

cvery

5okDls

on

the lvay

leadiDg

to the

rourisr

dcstinalions/

circuils.

6.

Signages

m

Llst confbrDr

to. as

faras

possible,

inremational

code (Wor

td

Tourism Organ;sat;on

websites

lbr

Sisnxses)

7.

Slates/U1'

Adnr

in islr atioDs

shoutd

nrake

efforl

to

upgrltde

rnd

strengthen

cx

istnrg

iorrjst

tacililies

as

a partol

rhe

lonrism

policy

from

their

own

resourccs.

8.

States

should

put

in ptacc,

as

fdas

possiblc.

insritutionrt

mechanism

lor

manageDrent

througtr

ary

YOJANA

May

2015

,rj

7/25/2019 Yojna Eng 515

6/7

Route

in Km

Total Tack

in KIn

Bomd

Cuage

(

1.616 nnn)

71,015

l\'1eler Guiqe

(1.000

nn

)

11.487

I3.412

Na'ro$

CLrase

(762

mm and 610

nnn)

Source hllD r11\,$

r

ibef.org/ind

ustry/roads-

md in.asp\

appropriare agcnc). of pu

b

lic

con\ cnicnccs aiier

lnllo$ing

cod.l

Built

Heritagc

&

Signrgcs

L Staies,L.nion

Territorv

Adnrinislr

iolls should tinlnularc.

as

liras

poss

ble. a Comprehensive

GDsellnlion ]\1xst.r Plan

inclrLdins

rescrl'(lr. ili)cufr.ntatron.

\.lue-

signilicanee.

dxnragc assessnrent.

c o

rr

s

crr

rl

ion.

nt

a n a

genrcn

t.

tourrs

nr rrr

lrr

s I ru

cl

u re.

tisli

assessmcnt

(can

ying

capaciry).

site rnterprculi{nr. salety,lirsl

aid

rnd

sc.urit .

uni\ ersal

.ccess.

Nasle rranrgcNcnt.

comtnunily

consultrlions

af d engagcnrenr

inrplerrenlation

strateg],.

business

l.

Srntcs/Un1oi Tcrritory

,\d

nr in isrrations

ay li)llow

inte rational nornis aDd gLridelioes/

UNESCO

C

hafters

lor

World

Heritage Sltes

nr

partictrlarand

lbr

othcr herirage

siteslnonunrents iI

gen

era I

7/25/2019 Yojna Eng 515

7/7

for

her

ll

;s a

cut throat competirion

among

alt de\reloping

nations

as it isthebackborre

of thcir

econonry.

Countries

like

China.Thaila

d,

Malaysia and

Indonesia

are spendinghcavily

oo building

lourism

infrasr.octure

so as ro

aur.act

more and

more: and

they an

successlirl in

dreir efknrs.

India.

on the

other haDd.

is stillseting

its

priorilies

right.

To conchrde_

I nrrct say lharall

altracrions

rre nreaningless

if

accessibilily

is llot snnx]th.

Indian ptanflers

wi

have to

understand

this.

The sooncr. the

belr.r.

Roads and

rails arc

not going to scNe tourists

alurel

India's

econonrv

roo

will

gel

a big

boos(

il

this

is done.

Readings

l.

cOHt\.

|

.u-oA

Ir"e

,

"cnnlogj,,.

t,nrr rt\fe.11rce.

:,

CROUCH.

C I..

&

RI]'CIIIE.

J, R.

B,

]999 TOU'i

N

.onrpctiileness

.nd societal

prosperiry:

.r

rmil oi BrNiness

I{esearch..l4(l):

ll7-152

l.

(ROLirllL

I

A\D

l(ll(

lll[.

'R

n

2an0 ttF

ru rpet i\e

destiratidr d

susrainabilily

pcspective.

To rism

Managcnrcrtl

:r

4 GEARINC,

C.E. 1974

Estabtishi g

a nea$ire

ot rouisrjc

atlracliveness.

loumal ol

Trivel Rescarch

12r t-8

5.

GUNN.C.A-

EDS.l98E rourisn pta.ning

(secondcdition).

Nrs

York:Taykr

& Fmncis

6.

K UL. R. N.

EDS. l9E5 Dynanrics

ol

ronrisnr:

.

trihgv

( ot.

I

L

I

)

T'lnsponation

and MarkctiDg.

Ncs

Dcthi

l.

KIM L. CI{OMPTON

l.

L

. DOTHA_

p

2000 RespondiDg

ft)

mnpctition:a

srratcay tbr SLrn/Losl

Cirr. sourtr

Ai-.jcaTourisD

Manascment

2l

(41)

8.

LIM C.

1997

Review ofinternarlonal

tourisnr

dcnmril nn)dck

Annah olTourism

Resea.ch.24.

(4)r

835

849

i

\4.EI

RO\ .r.

L.:00r

5

r.

.tand

.,,

"r

c.....

I

-r

"crus

lhe

liftcycle, Papcr prepared

kn.rhe trlenrationat

(innerence.

Beyond

MIRABTTltc

Polirical

Econonly

otSDa

rst

rds ir)

dre 2lsr

Century. School

olEcononrics

dd

trinance. Victoria

UniveLsiry,

Wellingron.

Ncw Zeahrd,23

t5 Febnkry:004

I0

MO, HOWARD

AND IIAVITZ

l99l

TeslirU

n

kuisr

tutc

)pclo")

4,,

dl\o

on,.

.

c\edr.,..

r'

ltu

lil

II.PRIDEAUX

Il.2000 rhe

rcle ofrhe rransporL

srsrenr in

destirarion devehpnrent.

Torrisnr

Managencnt

I

l

I2. SMITH.

S. L. J. lr)94.

The nntrisnr prodrcr.

Afnats

ol-(trtrisnr

Itesearch.

2l(3)r 582-595.

ll.TANC

AND ROCHANANOND

t990

Arlra.livcress

as a

rourisrdesrination:aconlt-ilrarivesludyolThaitand

rdscteded

countries. Socio-Econ

Planrilrg

l4(3)

14. wlTT

S AND wlTT

C

.

199s

Forecaslirs

tourisn demandl

A t iew

of enpirical

research.

Inrerndtiorat

lounrat

of

Forecasting:

ll:447-475

I 5 hltp /lvww.satariplus.co.in/KanjilalArlicle.aspx?Ctd-ll

I 6.

hup/www.ibelorglndusrry/.oadyirdia.asDx

17. N,liDistrl

of hrirn.

Colernnent

oflndi. s,obsite

l.

Courtesy: Mr.

(io r

Kanjilal. Tourisn

P,orisional.

ronner

Dy.

Dircctor

GeneraUltegional

Dnector.

Miiisq

of Tourisnr_

Covear

tr

IEn

dil

"ltrtuidi\it:3tit,sntdil

t on

)

I

12

YOJANA

Mav

2015