yes we can end violence against women by strengthening prevention through education yes we can end...
TRANSCRIPT
YES We Can
YES We Can
End violence against
End violence against
women by strengthening
women by strengthening
prevention through
prevention through
educationeducation
Prepared by the Anglicans Promoting Respectful Relationships Project
CommitteeAnglican Diocese of Melbourne
May 2012
Y
ES W
e
YES W
e
Can
Can
End v
iole
nce
again
st
End v
iole
nce
again
st
wom
en b
y s
trength
enin
g
wom
en b
y s
trength
enin
g
pre
venti
on t
hro
ugh
pre
venti
on t
hro
ugh
educa
tion
educa
tion
‘‘I came that
I came that they may they may have life, and
have life, and have it have it abundantly.’
abundantly.’ John 10:10John 10:10
2
BBib
lical
iblic
al
Impera
tive
Impera
tive
ChristiansChristians believe human beings believe human beings are created in the likeness of God, are created in the likeness of God, which demands a concern for the which demands a concern for the dignity and inherent rights of men, dignity and inherent rights of men, women and children women and children
The cornerstone of Christian belief The cornerstone of Christian belief is the example of the life of Jesus is the example of the life of Jesus Christ, who demonstrated high Christ, who demonstrated high regard for the dignity of women, regard for the dignity of women, respected them, and entrusted respected them, and entrusted them with his missionthem with his mission
Living Christian faith warrants Living Christian faith warrants ending all forms of violence ending all forms of violence
Anglican communities are the right Anglican communities are the right people to address violence, a crisis people to address violence, a crisis that threatens the preservation of that threatens the preservation of our Christian principlesour Christian principles
3
Our
focu
s to
day
Our
focu
s to
day
4The purpose of our
The purpose of our workshop is to raise
workshop is to raise awareness about
awareness about violence against women
violence against women
in our communities and
in our communities and
the role Anglican leaders
the role Anglican leaders
can play to facilitate
can play to facilitate violence prevention
violence prevention
Refe
rral
Refe
rral
Info
rmati
on
Info
rmati
on
Women’s Domestic
Women’s Domestic Violence Crisis Service
Violence Crisis Service
(Victoria) 1800 015 188
(Victoria) 1800 015 188
Men’s Referral Service
Men’s Referral Service
( Victoria) 1800 065
( Victoria) 1800 065 973973
State Wide Sexual
State Wide Sexual Assault Crisis Line
Assault Crisis Line (Victoria) 1800 806 292
(Victoria) 1800 806 292
5
Work
shop
Work
shop
Obje
ctiv
es
Obje
ctiv
es
At the end of this workshop you will
At the end of this workshop you will
be able to:
be able to: Accurately describe gender based violence
Accurately describe gender based violence
Understand what primary prevention of
Understand what primary prevention of
violence against women involves
violence against women involves
Describe 3 determinants of gender based
Describe 3 determinants of gender based
violence violence
Understand the purpose and how to access
Understand the purpose and how to access
the resources in the
the resources in the Promoting Equal and
Promoting Equal and
Respectful Relationships in Faith
Respectful Relationships in Faith
Communities: A Manual and Tool Kit
Communities: A Manual and Tool Kit
Understand the purpose of the Anglican Peer
Understand the purpose of the Anglican Peer
Mentor Program and pathways to involvement
Mentor Program and pathways to involvement
6
Key Te
rm
Key Te
rm
WHAT IS GENDER BASED WHAT IS GENDER BASED VIOLENCE? (GBV)VIOLENCE? (GBV)
The term gender-based violence is an The term gender-based violence is an umbrella term for any harmful act that umbrella term for any harmful act that is perpetrated against a person’s will, is perpetrated against a person’s will, and that is based on socially-ascribed and that is based on socially-ascribed (gender) differences between males (gender) differences between males and females.and females.
While GBV is usually targeted at While GBV is usually targeted at women and girls, boys and men may women and girls, boys and men may also be survivors of GBV. also be survivors of GBV.
GBV can occur within the family or GBV can occur within the family or community and, is perpetrated by community and, is perpetrated by persons in positions of power.persons in positions of power.
7
What is vio
lence
What is vio
lence
again
st wom
en?
again
st wom
en?
Physical abusePhysical abuse
Financial abuseFinancial abuse
Property damageProperty damage
Social isolation Social isolation
Emotional abuse Emotional abuse
Spiritual abuse Spiritual abuse
Threats Threats
8
FORMS OF GENDER BASED FORMS OF GENDER BASED VIOLENCEVIOLENCE
What
is p
rim
ary
What
is p
rim
ary
Pr
eve
nti
on?
Preve
nti
on?
Primary prevention seeks to Primary prevention seeks to prevent violence against prevent violence against women before it occurs in women before it occurs in the first instancethe first instance
Strategies which do not have a Strategies which do not have a focus on violence but focus on violence but address its underlying address its underlying causes, such as, adherence causes, such as, adherence to rigid gender stereotypes to rigid gender stereotypes and unequal power relations and unequal power relations between men and women, between men and women, are primary prevention are primary prevention strategiesstrategies
9
Key
fact
s and s
tati
stic
s on
Key
fact
s and s
tati
stic
s on
the p
reva
lence
of
the p
reva
lence
of
viole
nce
again
st w
om
en
viole
nce
again
st w
om
en
(Sourc
e:
(Sourc
e:
ww
w.e
vas.
org
.au)
ww
w.e
vas.
org
.au)
10 A woman is killed in Australia almost every week
by a partner or ex-partner
More than 1 in 3 Australian women (34%) who have had an intimate partner, have experienced violence from a partner or ex-partner
31% of women who experienced physical violence in the past 12 months were assaulted by a current and/or previous partner, compared to 4.4% of men
An estimated 1 in 4 children and young people have witnessed violence against their mother or step-mother.
Why
focu
s on
Why
focu
s on
viole
nce
again
st
viole
nce
again
st
wom
en?
wom
en?
The Impact of the The Impact of the ProblemProblem
(WHO 2002; VicHealth 2004; KPMG 2009)(WHO 2002; VicHealth 2004; KPMG 2009)
Women exposed to violence risk developing Women exposed to violence risk developing health problems including: anxiety, depression, health problems including: anxiety, depression, pain syndromes and phobiaspain syndromes and phobias
For women under 45, intimate partner violence For women under 45, intimate partner violence contributes more to their poor health and death contributes more to their poor health and death than any other risk factor, including high blood than any other risk factor, including high blood pressure, obesity and smokingpressure, obesity and smoking
1 in 4 Victorian children have witnessed 1 in 4 Victorian children have witnessed intimate partner violence. This exposure increases intimate partner violence. This exposure increases their risk of mental health, behavioral and learning their risk of mental health, behavioral and learning difficulties in the short term, and of developing difficulties in the short term, and of developing mental health problems later in life mental health problems later in life
Violence against women and their children cost Violence against women and their children cost the Australian economy $13.6 billion in 2008-09. the Australian economy $13.6 billion in 2008-09. If there is no reduction in current rates, it will cost If there is no reduction in current rates, it will cost the economy an estimated $15.6 billion by 2021-the economy an estimated $15.6 billion by 2021-22 22
11
Why
does
viole
nce
Why
does
viole
nce
again
st w
om
en o
ccur?
again
st w
om
en o
ccur?
Australia identified 3 Australia identified 3 factors that determine its factors that determine its
prevalenceprevalence
Unequal power relations Unequal power relations between men and women between men and women
Rigid gender Rigid gender stereotyping of women stereotyping of women and men and men
Tolerance of violence in Tolerance of violence in popular culture (VicHealth popular culture (VicHealth 2012)2012)
12
Why d
oes vio
lence
Why d
oes vio
lence
again
st wom
en o
ccur?
again
st wom
en o
ccur?
The determinants
The determinants
are capable of
are capable of
being easily
being easily
changed, making
changed, making
violence against
violence against
women women
preventable
preventable
They link to the
They link to the
two goals set out
two goals set out
in the in the
International
International
Anglican Anglican
Women’s Women’s
Network which
Network which
reports to the
reports to the
Anglican Anglican
Consultative
Consultative
CouncilCouncil
They are:They are:
1. The 1. The
elimination of all
elimination of all
forms of forms of
violence against
violence against
women and
women and
childrenchildren
2. The promotion
2. The promotion
of gender of gender
equality equality
throughout the
throughout the
Anglican Anglican
communioncommunion
13
Why
does
viole
nce
Why
does
viole
nce
again
st w
om
en
again
st w
om
en
occ
ur?
occ
ur?
DETERMINANT 1
DETERMINANT 1Unequal power relations
Unequal power relations
between men and women
between men and women
14
Contr
ibuti
ng
Contr
ibuti
ng
fact
ors
to v
iole
nce
fact
ors
to v
iole
nce
again
st w
om
en?
again
st w
om
en?
15
Determinant 1 Unequal Power Relationships
Between Men and Women
Research shows that ‘violence supportive attitudes’ are more likely to exist in cultures where unequal power relations and rigid gender roles between men and women exist (WHO 2004)
Contr
ibuti
ng
Contr
ibuti
ng
fact
ors
to v
iole
nce
fact
ors
to v
iole
nce
again
st w
om
en
again
st w
om
en
DETERMINANT 1DETERMINANT 1
Unequal Power Relations between men and womenUnequal Power Relations between men and women
16
Using inappropriate male power at an individual level
•He acts like he is the boss•He acts like she is a slave for him•He acts like the master of his castle•She must ask him to do anything
He is teaching her about his power and control
Contr
ibuti
ng
Contr
ibuti
ng
fact
ors
to v
iole
nce
fact
ors
to v
iole
nce
again
st w
om
en
again
st w
om
en
17
Factors which affect attitudes to violence against women
across society •Tolerance of violence in our society•A link between viewing of pornography and electronic games which demean/degrade women•Structural barriers and institutionalised discrimination •Use of the media to perpetuate myths and reduce empathy for victims
DETERMINANT 1DETERMINANT 1
Unequal power relations between men and womenUnequal power relations between men and women
Dete
rmin
ant
2
Dete
rmin
ant
2 R
igid
gender
Rig
id g
ender
Ste
reoty
pes
of
Ste
reoty
pes
of
men a
nd w
om
en
men a
nd w
om
en
18
Sandra Bem (1993) identifies three common beliefs about women and men in western society and that these beliefs have led to rigid stereotypes
1.Women and men have basically different psychological and sexual natures;
2.Men, are the superior, dominant gender;
3.Gender differences and male superiority are natural
Sandra Bem
Dete
rmin
ant
2
Dete
rmin
ant
2R
igid
gender
Rig
id g
ender
stere
oty
pes
stere
oty
pes
Rigid stereotypes of
Rigid stereotypes of Australian men
Australian men
19
Why vio
lence
Why vio
lence
again
st wom
en?
again
st wom
en?
Rigid stereotypes limit the range of
Rigid stereotypes limit the range of
behavior considered acceptable for
behavior considered acceptable for
womenwomen
20
Dete
rmin
ant
2
Dete
rmin
ant
2R
igid
Gender
Rig
id G
ender
Ste
reoty
pes
Ste
reoty
pes
Research has found that MEN who adopt Research has found that MEN who adopt a rigid masculine gender role:a rigid masculine gender role:
•Are more likely to be upset if their wives Are more likely to be upset if their wives earn more money than they do;earn more money than they do;
•Are less likely to be comfortable with Are less likely to be comfortable with child care;child care;
•Are less likely to ask for help when they Are less likely to ask for help when they need it;need it;
•Are less likely to be sympathetic and Are less likely to be sympathetic and tender;tender;
•Are less likely to be tolerant of their Are less likely to be tolerant of their spouses’ faultsspouses’ faults
21
Costs in Terms of Psychological Well-Being and Relationships
Dete
rmin
ant
2
Dete
rmin
ant
2R
igid
Gender
Rig
id G
ender
Ste
reoty
pes
Ste
reoty
pesResearch has found WOMEN who Research has found WOMEN who
adopt a rigid feminine gender role:adopt a rigid feminine gender role:
•Appear to have lower self-esteem;Appear to have lower self-esteem;
•Are less capable of bouncing back Are less capable of bouncing back from failure; from failure;
•Are more likely to believe that Are more likely to believe that women are to be seen and not women are to be seen and not heard;heard;
•Are more likely to conform to group Are more likely to conform to group pressurepressure
22Costs in Terms of Psychological Well-Being and Relationships
Dete
rmin
ant
3
Dete
rmin
ant
3To
lera
nce
of
Tole
rance
of
Vio
lence
in P
opula
r
Vio
lence
in P
opula
r C
ult
ure
Cult
ure
Advertising has been
Advertising has been called: called: ‘‘The most influential
The most influential institution of
institution of socialisation in
socialisation in modern society.
modern society. Advertising as a
Advertising as a
cultural form displays
cultural form displays
a preoccupation with
a preoccupation with
gender that is hardly
gender that is hardly
matched in any other
matched in any other genre’genre’ (Sut Jhally, 2007).
(Sut Jhally, 2007).
Dete
rmin
ant
3:
Dete
rmin
ant
3:
Tole
rance
of
Tole
rance
of
Vio
lence
in P
opula
r
Vio
lence
in P
opula
r C
ult
ure
C
ult
ure
What is noticeable in more
What is noticeable in more
recent ads is the level of
recent ads is the level of sexual violence
sexual violence. .
24
Calvin Klein Autumn/Winter
Collection 2010
Dete
rmin
ant
3
Dete
rmin
ant
3To
lera
nce
of
Vio
lence
Tole
rance
of
Vio
lence
in
popula
r cu
lture
in p
opula
r cu
lture
MINI PLENARY
How has what’s been talked about here impacted on
you?
PAIR
S
PAIR
S
A
Cle
rgy
Reso
urc
e:
A C
lerg
y Reso
urc
e:
ideas
for
infu
sing p
rim
ary
ideas
for
infu
sing p
rim
ary
pre
venti
on in
to y
our
pre
venti
on in
to y
our
min
istr
ym
inis
try
27
Y
ES W
e C
an
YES W
e C
an
End v
iole
nce
again
st w
om
en
End v
iole
nce
again
st w
om
en
by s
trength
enin
g p
reventi
on
by s
trength
enin
g p
reventi
on
thro
ugh e
duca
tion
thro
ugh e
duca
tion
28
Y
ES W
e C
an
YES W
e C
an
End v
iole
nce
again
st w
om
en
End v
iole
nce
again
st w
om
en
by s
trength
enin
g p
reventi
on
by s
trength
enin
g p
reventi
on
thro
ugh e
duca
tion
thro
ugh e
duca
tion
29
What
Happens
Nex
t?
What
Happens
Nex
t?
30
What
happends
What
happends
nex
t?nex
t?
31
What
happends
nex
t?
What
happends
nex
t?
32
What
happens
nex
t?
What
happens
nex
t?
33
34
Register your interest on line
www. melbourne anglican. com. au
Complete and send off the ‘register your
interest form’ in the Anglican Peer Mentor
Brochure
Want to find out more?
Contact the Project Coordinator to talk to members of your parish about their involvement
MINI PLENARY
What actions will I take to pursue this matter?
PAIR
S
PAIR
S
Y
ES W
e C
an
YES W
e C
an
End v
iole
nce
again
st w
om
en
End v
iole
nce
again
st w
om
en
by s
trength
enin
g p
reventi
on
by s
trength
enin
g p
reventi
on
thro
ugh e
duca
tion
thro
ugh e
duca
tion
36THANK YOU
For participating in this workshop. We’d like to know what you thought about it and if it was helpful to you. You do not need to give your name
Please use the form being circulated to provide your feedback about your experience
PVAW
Theological Resources for Anglican Parishes,
Chaplaincies, Schools & Agencies
www.melbourne.anglican.com
37
Y
ES W
e C
an
YES W
e C
an
End v
iole
nce
again
st wom
en
End v
iole
nce
again
st wom
en
by stre
ngth
enin
g
by stre
ngth
enin
g
pre
ventio
n th
rough
pre
ventio
n th
rough
educa
tion
educa
tion
Ack
now
ledgem
ent
Ack
now
ledgem
ent ss
With Special Thanks to
With Special Thanks to
Our Community Partners
Our Community Partners
Funding for the Prevention of
Funding for the Prevention of
Violence Against Women
Violence Against Women
workshop, which includes the
workshop, which includes the
Anglican Peer Mentor Program,
Anglican Peer Mentor Program,
has kindly been provided by
has kindly been provided by
Anglicare Victoria and VicHealth
Anglicare Victoria and VicHealth
and developed by the Anglicans
and developed by the Anglicans
Promoting Respectful
Promoting Respectful
Relationships Project Committee
Relationships Project Committee
with assistance from LifeWorks
with assistance from LifeWorks
38