World Studies Faculty

Name ____________________ Teacher ___________________

Year 9 Geography Dynamic Development

Hello year 9 Geographers! Well done on completing the booklets on UK in the 21st Century, Climate Change and plate tectonics. This new booklet will help you master the more difficult types of questions you will expect to get in an GCSE.

All the work in here can be done on paper or a purple book if you can’t print a copy. Please keep completed work to show us how hard you have been working when we return to School. In addition to the work provided, here are some great links to Geography resources you’ll find helpful and interesting. Keep up the hard work! Mr. Peyton, Mr. Holmes and Mr. Bilbie www.timeforgeography.co.uk/ Fantastic library of videos about our world www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/subjects/zrw76sg BBC bitesize Geography with links to all the

topics, activities and daily lessons coming later in April.

Essential knowledge 1 Classifying countries AC- Advanced country Highest GDP per capita (richest) Long life expectancy Good education systems Economy is mainly tertiary Industry (services)

EDC- Emerging developing country Improving GDP per capita Increasing life expectancy Improving literacy rates Falling birth rate Economy mainly secondary industry (Manufacturing)

LIDC – Low income developing country Lowest GDP per capita (poorest) Shorter life expectancy Low literacy rates High birth rate Economy mainly primary industry (farming and mining)

Activity 1 – Country Classification: Label each of these countries – whether they’re AC, EDC or LIDC Country GDP (PPP) Life expectancy Adult literacy rate

Congo, Democratic Republic of $55.73 billion 56.54 years 61.2%

Ethiopia $139.4 billion 60.75 years 39%

Uganda $66.65 billion 54.46 years 73.2%

Mali $27.1 billion 54.95 years 33.6%

Kiribati $180 million 65.47 years No data

Comoros $1.211 billion 63.48 75.9%

Solomon Islands $1.046 billion 74.89 years 84.1%

Brazil $3.073 trillion 73.28 year 91.3%

China $17.63 trillion 75.15 years 95.1%

India $7.277 trillion 67.8 years 74%

Mexico $2.143 trillion 75.43 years 94.2%

Argentina $927.4 billion 77.51 years 97.9%

United Arab Emirates $605 billion 77.09 years 90%

United States $17.46 trillion 79.56 years 99%

United Kingdom $2.435 trillion 80.42 years 99%

Singapore $445.2 billion 84.38 years 96.4%

Switzerland $444.7 billion 82.39 years 99%

Germany $6.321 trillion 80.44 years 99%

Australia $1.1 trillion 82.07 years 99%

Activity 2 Exam Question Answer this question using the map above Describe the distribution of LIDCs in the world (3)

• To get full marks you need to say where the LIDCs are in the world and where they are not. Locate them using compass directions, continents, oceans, hemispheres and tropics. Aim to use 2 example countries using the atlas in your planner.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Literacy help Sentence starter: LIDCs are mainly located in Key words: North south east west, Africa, Asia, North America South America Europe Discourse markers: For example, in addition, whereas, such as.

Activity 3 Research task Zambia is an example of an LIDC. Using the internet research and mind map some statistics about Zambia. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/za.html

Activity 4 Exam question. Use your research and the information on the next page to help you. For an LIDC you have studied (Zambia) give evidence to show it is an LIDC (4) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Literacy help Sentence starter: There is a lot of evidence to show Zambia is an LIDC, for example Key words: Life expectancy, literacy rate, GDP per capita Discourse markers: For example, in addition, furthermore, such as.

Essential knowledge 2 Answering evaluation questions. Questions that ask you to evaluate something are worth the most marks at GCSE, either 6 or 8. Evaluation involves explaining the positives about something, then the negatives and then come to a conclusion. It doesn’t matter what your conclusion is, positive or negative as long as you can give reasons for your decision. You can break it down into 3 APE paragraphs Positive APE Negative APE Conclusion APE You are going to use some resources to practice answering an evaluation question.

Activity 1. Read the information and complete the box below

Education problems in Zambia: Summarise the information into 4 bullet points Aims of room to read: Summarise the information into 4 bullet points

Activity 2 Highlight the advantages and disadvantages of room to read: If you are working in your purple book make 2 lists. There is a reliance on volunteers and money from aid. If either one of these is lost then the projects can fail.

Improving education or healthcare has long term effects on improving literacy and life expectancy.

The money is spent directly on helping local people rather than wasted by government officials.

Projects may not be planned well causing some areas to improve and others not.

Different organisations might be providing similar projects in the same area wasting resources that could be used elsewhere.

Local people are involved in the decision making and projects meet their needs.

Activity 3 Exam question 6 marks Evaluate if room to read was successful or not Short introduction explaining what room to read is. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APE Paragraph 1. Positives A One positive aspect of room to read is…. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ P This is positive because….. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ E Therefore…….. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

APE Paragraph 2 Negatives A However one negative aspect of room to read is…. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ P This is negative because….. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ E Therefore…….. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APE Paragraph 3 Conclusion (decide if you think it is positive or negative) A Overall I think that room to read is…………………………… ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ P The main reason I think this is…………………….. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ E Someone may disagree with me because…………….. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Essential knowledge 3 Transnational companies (TNCs) Trans is a prefix that means across or beyond. Transport, transfer, transit all share this root. Transnational means across different nations. A transnational company operates in countries around the world. Most of the big brand names you have heard of are TNCs (Apple, Google, Nike, Coca cola ect.) TNCs operating in LIDCs have advantages and disadvantages for these countries. Benefits of TNCs…

• Provide jobs and an income • The company and workers pay taxes which supports the government • Investment helps the country exploit its natural resources

Problems of TNCs… • Large companies try to avoid paying tax • Small companies can’t compete • They pollute and damage the environment

One TNC that operates in Zambia is Associated British Foods. Associated British Foods (ABF) bought Zambia Sugar in 2001. Zambia sugar paid almost no tax in Zambia because profits were sent to ABF in the UK where tax rates are lower. Zambia, like other LIDCs needs taxes to pay for services like education and healthcare, but it also wants to offer tax incentives to encourage TNCs into the country. Activity 1 Using the information above and the APE structure from the last task answer this exam question. Evaluate the impact of Associated British Foods in Zambia 6 marks _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Check your answer did you include these things? Introduction naming the TNC and locating Zambia. Explanation of what the positives are. Explanation of what the negatives are. Conclusion – do you think it is positive or negative? If you missed any of these add an improvement _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Essential knowledge 4 Development indicators Development indicators are things we measure to decide if a country is an LIDC, EDC or AC. There are lots of ways to measure this. Remember the top trumps game we played in class. Activity 1 Match the development indicator to its correct definition:

Essential Knowledge 5 Aid Aid is the help one country or a group of countries give to another to help them develop Activity 1 Match the term to its definition:

Bi-lateral In response to a natural or humanitarian disaster e.g. earthquake/war.

Multi-lateral Given by one country to another.

Emergency Helps people to improve their lives and develop the country over a longer period of time.

Tied For a large scale construction project such as a dam.

Project Conditions are attached to the aid, likely to be that the receiving country has to use the aid in particular ways.

Development Assistance

Given by a group of countries through international bodies like the IMF.

Activity 2 What are the positives and negatives of aid in a country like Zambia?

Positives Negatives

Activity 3 You have already completed 2 evaluations, using the same strategy answer this question using Zambia as your example. Evaluate the impact of aid on an LIDC (6) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________