Year 12 F211 Unit 1

Question Year Topic Marks

My score

1 2(c) Jan-09 polar and non-polar

substances 5

2 3(b) Jan-10 cell membranes and proteins 5

3 5(b)(ii) Jan-11 cell ultrastructure and

function 4

4 4(a)(i) Jun-12 osmosis in plant cells 5

5 2(c) Jan-13 organising the organism 5

6 3(c)(ii) Jan-13 cell membrane and cell

signalling 4

7 5(b) Jun-13 cell membrane 5

Small non-polar substances enter cells in different ways to large or polar substances. Outline the ways in which substances, other than water, can enter a cell through the plasma (cell surface) membrane. In your answer, you should use appropriate technical terms, spelt correctly.

small, non-polar substances

large substances (2(c) Jan 09, 5 marks)

Membranes contain a variety of proteins. Some of these proteins are combined with carbohydrates to form glycoproteins. Describe the functions of glycoproteins in the cell surface membrane. In your answer you should use appropriate technical terms, spelt correctly. (3(b) Jan 10, 5 marks)

Neutrophils are phagocytic blood cells that can engulf and digest foreign cells found in the blood. Describe how the ultrastructure of a neutrophil is specialised to enable it to perform this function. In your answer, you should use appropriate technical terms, spelt correctly. (5(b)(ii) Jan 11, 4 marks)

A student wanted to observe some red blood cells under the microscope. The student placed a small sample of blood onto a microscope slide and added a drop of distilled water. When viewed at high power, the student observed that the red blood cells had burst. In a similar procedure using plant epidermis, the student observed that the plant cells did not burst. Explain these observations. In your answer you should use appropriate technical terms, spelt correctly. (4(a)(i) June 12, 5 marks)

Yeast cells separate after cell division. In a multicellular organism, the cells do not separate but

become organised to form the body structure. Describe how the cells in a multicellular organism are

organised. In your answer you should use appropriate technical terms, spelled correctly.

(2(c) Jan 13, 5 marks)

Explain how cell surface membranes contribute to the process of cell signalling. In your answer you should use appropriate technical terms, spelled correctly. (3(c)(ii) Jan 13, 4 marks)

Describe the arrangement and functions of two named components of a cell surface membrane. In

your answer you should use appropriate technical terms, spelled correctly. (5(b) June 13, 5 marks)

Year 12 F211 Unit 2

Question Year Topic Marks

My score

1 4(c) Jan-09 the lung as an organ of

exchange 4

2 5(b)(ii) Jan-09 cardiac cycle 5

3 3(b)(iii) Jun-09 leaf adaptation 5

4 2(c) Jun-10 haemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin

4

5 5(b) Jul-10 water transport in plants 5

6 4(c)(ii) Jan-11 transpiration 5

7 1(c) Jun-11 cells and gas exchange 5

8 2(c) Jan-12 xylem and phloem cell

organisation 4

9 3(b)(ii) Jan-12 blood vessels 5

10 5(b)(ii) Jan-12 reducing water loss -

xerophyes 5

11 6(b) Jan-13 gas exchange 3

12 2(c) Jun-13 adaptations and gas exchange 4

13 4(b) Jun-13 blood, tissue fluid and lymph 4

Outline how the diaphragm and intercostal muscles cause inspiration. (4(c) Jan 09, 4 marks)

Describe how the action of the heart is initiated and coordinated. In your answer, you should use

appropriate technical terms, spelt correctly. (5(b)(ii) Jan 09, 5 marks)

State and explain two adaptations of leaves that reduce evaporation. In your answer, you should use appropriate technical terms, spelt correctly. (3(b)(iii) June 09, 5 marks)

The red colouration of the red blood cells is caused by the pigment haemoglobin. The main function

of haemoglobin is to transport oxygen in the form of oxyhaemoglobin.

Fig. 2.2 shows the dissociation curves of adult oxyhaemoglobin (curve A) and fetal oxyhaemoglobin

(curve F).

Explain why the curve for fetal oxyhaemoglobin is to the left of the curve for adult oxyhaemoglobin.

In your answer you should use appropriate technical terms, spelt correctly. (2(c) June 10, 4 marks)

Describe and explain how water is moved up the xylem from the roots to the leaves. In your answer

you should use appropriate technical terms, spelt correctly. (5(b) June 10, 5 marks)

Describe and explain how transpiration contributes to the mechanism of water transport up the stem. In your answer, you should use appropriate technical terms, spelt correctly.

(4(c)(ii) Jan 11, 5 marks)

Using the mammalian gaseous exchange system as an example, explain how the different cells and tissues enable the effective exchange of gases. In your answer, you should use appropriate technical terms, spelt correctly. (1(c) June 11, 5 marks)

In more advanced organisms, cells are organised into tissues consisting of one or more types of specialised cells. Describe how cells are organised into tissues, using xylem and phloem as examples.

(2(c) Jan 12, 4 marks)

Describe and explain how the wall of an artery is adapted both to withstand and maintain high

hydrostatic pressure In your answer you should use appropriate technical terms, spelt correctly.

(3(b)(ii) Jan 12, 5 marks)

Describe the xerophytic features of this leaf and explain how each feature reduces loss of water

vapour. (5(b)(ii) Jan 12, 5 marks)

All living organisms exchange substances with their external environment.

The following data apply to an average person:

the surface area of the body is approximately 1.8 m2

the volume of the body is approximately 0.07 m3

the surface area of the lungs is approximately 70 m2.

Comment on the significance of this information for gas exchange. (6(b) Jan 13, 3 marks)

In mammals, the lungs are adapted to enable efficient gaseous exchange. The table below lists some

of the adaptations of the lungs. Complete the table explaining how each adaptation improves

efficiency of gaseous exchange. (2(c) June 13, 4marks)

Describe and explain how substances that are dissolved in the blood plasma, such as oxygen or glucose, enter the tissue fluid from the capillaries. In your answer you should use appropriate technical terms, spelled correctly. (4(b), June 13, 4marks)