1  

;’kLoh thoukpk jktekx Z

fo|kF k h Z thou

¼ fo|kF;k Z au h Lor%P;k Hk fo”;kph fufe Zrh Lor%p djkoh½

fo|kFkhZ thou Eg.kts euq”;kP;k thoukrhy Lo.khZe dkG gks;- Student  life  is  

the  golden  period  of  life. dkgh uos f’kd.;kpk] tk.kwu ?ks.;kpk o dkgh rjh fof’k”B

cu.;kpk lkFkZ iz;Ru ;kp dkGkr gksr vlrks- ,dk mR—“V fo|kF;kZph y{k.ks dks.krh]

;kfo”k;h iq<hy ‘yksdk e/;s Qkj Nku o.kZu vkys vkgs-

dkdps”Vk cdks/;kua ‘oku fuæk rFkSo pA

vYikgkjh] x`gR;kxh fo|kFkhZ iapy{k.ke~AA

1- dkd ¼dkoGk½ p s ”V k &

dkoGk gk nwj vkdk’kkr LoPNani.ks fogkj djhr vkiY;k rh{.k n`”Vh

}kjs tehuhoj iMysY;k Hk{;kyk c?krkp piGrsus R;ktoG tkÅu iksgksprks

vkf.k vkiys y{; xkBrks- R;kpizek.ks fo|kF;kZus lq)k Kku izkIrh lkBh rhoz

ftKklk Bsowu vkiY;k y{;kyk izkIr djhr tkos-

2- cdk s /;kue &

cxGk gk unh fdaok rykokdkBh ,dk ik;koj mHkk gksÅu /;kueXu

vlrks- ,[kknh eklksGh leksj fnlrkp R;kyk vkiys Hk{; cuowu iqUgk /;kuLFk

gksrks- fo|kF;kZus lq)k v’kkp izdkjs vH;klkr eXu Ogkos vkf.k Kku&foKkukP;k

vusd xks”Vhauk xzg.k djhr lrr izxrhP;k ekxkZoj vxzslj Ogkos-

3- ‘oku ¼dq=k½ fuæk &

>ksiysY;k dq«;ktoGwu gGwokji.ks xsY;kus lq)k rks tkxk gksrks] ;kp

izek.ks fo|kF;kZus lq)k vkiY;k thou&y{;kyk izkIr dj.;kr usgeh lko/k o

tkx#d vlkos-

4- vYikgkj h &

fo|kFkhZ thou gs lk/kuk o ri’p;sZps thou vkgs- vH;klw fo|kFkhZ gk

usgeh lk/kk] lkfRod o vYi izek.kkr vkgkj ?ksr vlrks- jktlh] rkelh o

  2  

tkLr tso.k dj.kkÚ;k fo|kF;kZaP;k ‘kDrhpk ,d eksBk Hkkx vkgkjkyk

ipfo.;kr] >ksi] vkGl vkf.k ‘kjhj o eukP;k fodkjka’kh y<k ns.;kr [kphZ

iMr vlrks- fo|kFkhZ thoukP;k ;’kklkBh vkjksX;kP;k izk—frd fu;ekaps ikyu

dj.ks Qkj vko’;d vkgs-

5- x `gR;kxh &

,d vkn’kZ fo|kFkhZ KkuktZuklkBh ?kjkrwu ckgsj iM.;kr lek/kku ekurks-

fo|k izkIr dj.ks Eg.kts ,d izdkjps rip vkgs] etk&ekSt dj.ks ukgh-

;kdfjrk lq[kkapk R;kx dj.ks vko’;d vkgs-

,dk eqyxk jLR;kojhy fnO;k[kkyh vH;kl djhr gksrk- ,d vksG[khpk

O;Drh R;kyk Eg.kkyk & ^^brds d”V ?ks.;kis{kk ,[kknh ukSdjh dj- rsOgk R;k

fo|kF;kZus mRrj fnys-** egk’k; ! vkiY;kyk ekghr ukgh dka] dh gh ekÖ;k

lk/kusph o ifj{ksph osG vkgs- vkt tj eh d”V mpysys ukgh o ckSf)d

{kersyk ok<foys ukgh rj v’kh la/kh eyk iqUgk dsOgk feGsy\** vls mÙkj

ns.kkjk rks ckyd Eg.kts egku f’k{k.kkpk;Z bZ’ojpaæ fo|klkxj gks;-

ÁR;sd fo|kF;kZus gs vuqHkok;yk gos dh] rks ,dk v’kk dkGkrwu tkr vkgs]

tks R;kP;k HkkX; o Hkfo”;kP;k fufeZrhe/;s fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk oBfo.kkj vkgs- euq”;kph

loZ xfjek gh R;kP;k xq.k&deZ&LoHkkokoj voyacwu vkgs-

,[kk|kps O;fDreRo dks.kR;k Lrjkps vkgs] ;kojp R;kP;k ckâÓk o vkarfjd

v’kk nksUgh {ks=krhy izxrh fuHkZj vkgs- iSlk] fo|k] lUeku] in] vkjksX;] eS=h ;k

xks”Vh QDr R;kaukp feGr vlrkr] T;kauh Lor%P;k O;fDreRokyk vkf.k xq.k] deZ o

LoHkkokyk ;ksX; fjrhus ?kMfoys o r;kj dsys vkgs-

;kp fnolkar ln~fopkj] ln~Hkkouk o lRÁo`Ùkhapk vH;kl gksr jkghY;kl R;kpk

izHkko vk;q”;Hkj fVdwu jkgrks vkf.k lq[k&’kkarrsP;k laHkkouk lkdkj gksr tkrkr- ;k

dkGkr tks’k tkLr o let deh vlY;keqGs vuqi;qDr izo`Rrh fo”k;h tkLr vkd”kZ.k

okVw ykxrs- ;keqGs R;kP;k ekufld ço`Rrh ;k yodjp ik.;kizek.ks [kkyP;k fn’ksus

çokghr gksÅ ykxrkr o R;k vk;q”;Hkj R;kaP;k ekxs iMwu jkgrkr] v’kh O;Drh

‘kksd&larkikus HkjysY;k ifjfLFkrhauk mRiUu djhr ujdklkj[ks vfHk’kkihr thou txr

vlrs-

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;kp dkGkr fe=kaps vkd”kZ.k vkiY;k loksZPp Lrjkoj vlrs- pkaxys fe=

ykHkY;kl Lor%ph izxrh o vkuanke/;s ok< gks.;kr enrp feGrs] Eg.kwu izR;sd

letwrnkj fo|kF;kZps gs drZO; vkgs dh R;kus dq.kklkscr eS=h dj.;kvk/kh gtkj osGk

fopkj djkok- eS=hP;k fufeÙkkus R;kyk mukMi.kkdMs rj QjiVr usY;k tkr ukgh uka]

dh T;keqGs rks f’k{k.kkiklwu oafpr gksbZy] Lor%P;k vkjksX;kyk u”V djsy] LoHkkokyk

fc?kMowu ?ksbZy vkf.k lektkdMwu feG.kkÚ;k lUekukyk o fo’oklkyk xekowu clsy]

;koj R;kus fopkj djkok o okbZV laxrh iklwu Qkj lko/k jgkos- pkfj«;oku fe=a]

pkaxyh iqLrds o loZ’kfDreku ijes’ojkphp lkscr R;kus djkoh- ln~fopkjkaph ,d ogh

cuokoh vkf.k tsOgk d/kh ,[kknh pkaxyh xks”V okp.;kr Çdok ,sd.;kr ;sbZy] rsOgk

rh oghe/;s fygwu dk<koh vkf.k R;kyk okjaokj okpkos] vkn’kZ O;ÇDrps o egkiq#”kkaps

/;ku vkf.k R;kaP;k pkfj«;koj lrr Çpru&euu djkos-

,fjLVªk;lyk /kkfeZd fo”k;kae/;s Qkj vkoM gksrh] Eg.kwu R;kP;k vkxzgkLro

R;kaP;k ofMykauh R;kyk izfl) nk’kZfud thuks ;kaP;k ‘kkGsr Vkdys- tsOgk rs f’k{k.k

?ksÅu ijrys rsOgk ofMykauh fopkjys & ^ckG] rw ‘kkGsr dk; f’kdykl\* eqykus mÙkj

fnys & ^ckck] ;kfo”k;h vkiY;kyk uarj dGsy-* ,ds fno’kh ,dk xks”Vhoj jkx ;sÅu

ofMykauh R;kyk csne >ksMiys ijarq ,fjLVªk;lus R;kauk dkghp izR;qÙkj fnys ukgh- ekj

[kkY;kuarj rs iqUgk iw.kZ ,dkxzrsus vkiY;k dkekyk ykxys- u vkRegR;sph /kedh

fnyh] u ?k#u iGwu tk.;kph- ;keqGs ofMykaps var%dj.k Hk#u vkys- R;kauh eqykyk

{kek ekxhryh- rsOgk ,fjLVªk;l Eg.kkyk & ^ckck] eyk ek÷;k xq#thauh uSfrdrk]

lnkpkj] lfg”.kqrk o /;s;&fu”Bspk gkp /kMk f’kdfoyk vkgs- eh vkt R;kpsp ikyu

dsys vkgs- eqykps mÙkj ,sdwu ofMykaps ân; v’kk egku f’k{kdkafo”k;h ÑrKrsus Hk#u

vkys-

vkjksX; izkIrh o R;kps laj{k.k dj.;kph ghp loksZÙke osG vkgs- vkjksX;kP;k]

izk—frd fu;ekaps] vkgkj&fogkj o >ksi.;k&tkx.;kP;k fu;ekaps O;ofLFkri.ks ikyu

dsY;kl vk;q”;Hkj lkscr dj.kkjs vkjksX; vkEgkyk izkIr gksrs- vkjksX; gh thoukph

loZizFke vko’;drk vkgs- ,d iw.kZr% LoLFk O;fDrp thoukpk [kjk vkuan ?ksÅ

‘kdrks- rksp R;kx] ri o ifjJe d: ’kdrks- ;k fnolkae/;s czãp;Z o ln~fopkjka

fo”k;h iq.kZr% lko/kfxjh ckGxk;yk goh vkf.k v’yhy okrkoj.kkiklwu v’kk çdkjs

okpk;yk gos] tls lki] foapw vkf.k fo”kkiklwu vkEgh Lor%ps laj{k.k djrks- v’yhy

  4  

fluses] xk.ks] dknacÚ;k] fp= o ?kk.ksjMs fopkj gs ?kk.ksjMîkk o frjLdj.kh; dk;kZphp

izsj.kk nsrkr vkf.k ‘kjhj o eukyk nqcZy d:u lksMrkr-

lkgl gk ,d Js”B xq.k vkgs- vuhfrpk izfrjks/k dj.;kph fgaer lq)k

O;fDre/;s vlk;yk goh- l`tu o fodklkP;k loZ laHkkouk] Js”B izo`Rrhae/;s

nMysY;k vlrkr- voKk] LoPNUnrk] vf’k”Vrk] vuq’kklughurk] e;kZnk o ukxfjd

drZO;kaps mYya?ku] ;kauk lkgfldrs e/khy Hk;adj foÑrh Eg.krk ;sbZy- ;keqGs

nqlÚ;kaps uqdlku rj gksrsp f’kok; Lor%pk LoHkko lq)k fuÑ”V cur tkrks-

vuH;klh o vdq’ky fo|kFkhZp cgq/kk vuq’kklughu vlrkr]

fyfg.;k&okp.;kr R;kaps eu ykxr ukgh- mÙke fo|kF;kZph y{k.ks R;kaP;kr ulY;keqGs

f’k{kdkafo”k;h R;kauk J)k ulrs- mÙke Js.khps fdaok ,[kk|k dkekps Js; ?ks.;kps Çdok

Lrqrhps rs ik= ulrkr- Hkkoh thoukP;k nkf;Rokaph R;kauk ekfgrh ulrs- R;kaP;k

thoukps ,[kkns fo’ks”k y{; lq)k ulrs- v’kk izdkjP;k ekufld ‘kwU;rseqGs mRiUu

>kysY;k U;wuxaMrsyk yifo.;klkBh vls fo|kFkhZ vuq’kklughursyk Lor%ph izfr”Bk

letw ykxrkr- vls fo|kFkhZ fo|k izkIr dj.;kdfjrk fo|ky;] egkfo|ky; fdaok

fo’ofo|ky;ke/;s tkr ulrkr rj rs dkWyst thoukrhy ekSt&eLrh o QW’kue/;s

vkiys thou o ikydkapk iSlk u”V dj.;klkBh tkrkr- T;k fo|kF;k±e/;s vH;klw

o`Ùkh vlrs] rs vH;klkf’kok; nqlÚ;k dks.kR;kgh csdkjP;k dqjkirh e/;s iMr ukghr-

VksjaVks ¼dWuMk½ ;sFkhy UgkO;kP;k ?kjkr tUeysY;k VkWDlu] ;kaps oMhy brds

xjhc gksrs dh eqykP;k f’k{k.kkph Qh ns.ks lq)k R;kauk dBh.k tkr vls- ijarq eqyke/;s

brdh fpdkVh o ifjJeh o`Rrh gksrh dh ‘kkGsr f’kd.;klkscrp R;kus ,dk fBdk.kh

ckcwph ukSdjh lq)k dsyh o nj efgU;kyk lkr #i;s lq)k okpfoys- gkp eqyxk iq<s

tkÅu vkiY;k fpdkVheqGs] n`< fu’p; o esgurheqGs 128 orZekui= o if=dspk] 15

jsfMvks o nwjn’kZu dsUnzkapk] 150 O;kikfjd o rkaf=d if=dspk] nksu izdk’ku laLFkk o

nksu VªWOgy ,tsalhpk ekyd cuyk-

Lokoyacu] nqlÚ;kauk enr dj.ks] iS’kkpk lnqi;ksx] osGsps lqfu;kstu vkf.k

R;kpk lnqi;ksx] ekufld larqyu] lRlkfgR;kpk Lok/;k;] dBksj ifjJe] n`< ladYi]

LoPNrk] lqO;ofLFkri.kk] mÙke laxr] fo/ks;kRed fopkj] LoLFk thou] ‘kkyhurk]

lH;rk] lTturk] galreq[k jkg.ks] f’k”V o uez O;ogkj gs rk#.;kyk vya—r dj.kkjs

ln~xq.k vkgsr- ;klkscrp vFkZizkIrhpk iz;Ru uo;qodkauh dsY;kl R;kaP;kr v’kk xq.kkapk

fodkl gksr tkbZy dh T;k}kjs R;kaps Hkfo”; Lo.khZe] mTToy o izfrf”Br cur tkbZy-

  5  

thou y{; fuf’pr djko s

thou fuokZg dj.ks o thou y{; xkB.ks ;k nksUghagh nksu osxosxG;k xks”Vh

vkgsr- loZlkekU; yksdkaps y{; QDr thou fuokZg dj.;kdMsp vlrs- iSlk defo.ks]

[kk.ks&fi.ks] yXu d#u eqGk&ckGkauk tUe ns.ks] dqVqackr fuR;&usek.ks pkyr vkysys

O;ogkj] nsok.k & ?ksok.k bR;kfnauk ijaijsuqlkj pkyw Bso.ks vkf.k v’kk ;k Øekyk iw.kZ

djhr ej.kkP;k nkjki;Zar ;sÅu iksgksp.ks- cl! ;kf’kok; R;kaps nqljs dks.krsgh y{;

ulrs- ifgyh xks”V Eg.kts thou fuokZgklkBh lk/kukph tqGoktqGo dj.ks] nqljs Eg.kts

yXu d#u Lor%ps dqVqac r;kj dj.ks vkf.k frljs] eqykaps ikyu&iks”k.k djhr R;kaps

yXu oxSjs ykowu ns.ks- cl! ,o<îkk drZO;kykp yksda vkiY;k thoukps y{; ekuwu

clysys vkgsr-

xksM QGa [kk.;kP;k bPNsus nksu fe= ,dk ckxsr xsys- rsFkhy ekGh Eg.kkyk

^^;k ckxsP;k ekydkP;k vkKsuqlkj bFks QDr ,dp fnol Fkkacrk ;sbZy] Eg.kwu

la/;kdkG gksri;Zar ftrdh QGa [kk;ph vlrhy] frrdh [kkÅu ?;k- nks?ksgh vkiY;k

vkoMhph QGs [kk.;klkBh fu?kkys- ,dkus iksVHkj QGa [kkYyhr] ijarq nqljk fe=] ;k

>kMkauk d’kk izdkjph ekrh goh o ;kauk fdrh ik.kh |k;yk gos- ;kpkp vH;kl

djhr jkghyk- v’kk izdkjs la/;kdkG gksbZi;Zar R;kus ,d uoh ckx yko.;klkBh

vko’;d vlysY;k loZ xks”Vha letwu ?ksrY;k] ;k njE;ku R;kus ,d lq)k QG

[kkYys ukgh o ?kjh tkÅu [kjks[kjp R;kus ,d lqanj ckx r;kj dsyh-**

gk lalkj lq)k vlkp vkgs- euq”; ;sFks ,dk fuf’pr dkGklkBh ;sr vlrks-

;k txkr T;k O;Drh lkalkfjd vkd”kZ.kkae/;s iMwu jkgrkr- R;k ifgY;k O;fDrizek.ks

vkgsr] ijarq letwrnkj rj rsp vkgsr ts nqlÚ;k O;fDrizek.ks ifjfLFkrhpk vH;kl

d#u thoukP;k [kÚ;k y{;kyk izkIr djrkr-

okLrfodrk rj ghp vkgs dh thou fuokZgkph gh ,d lk/kkj.k i)r ek= vkgs-

rs thoukps y{; ukgh- thou y{; rj R;k fuf’pr dsysY;k fopkjkykp Eg.krk

;sbZy] ts ;k txkrhy loZlkekU; O;ogkjkis{kk dkgh egku vlsy o T;kyk iw.kZ

dj.;klkBh FkksMk tkLr iq#”kkFkZ vkEgkyk djkok ykxsy-

thoukr ,[kkns lqfuf’pr y{; Bjowu ,[kk|k fo’ks”k /;s;kekxs ts yksda tkr

vlrkr] R;kauk vlkekU; yksdkaP;k Js.khe/;s BsoY;k tkrs- v’kk /;s;osMîkk ek.klkaps

oSf’k”V~; o Js”BRo ;krp vlrs dh rs loZlkekU; yksdkais{kk dkgh tkLr foy{k.krsyk

  6  

/kkj.k d#u vlrkr- yksda R;kauk ;kdfjrkp egku letrkr] dh rs ,dk osxG;k o

vlkekU; ekxkZus thou txrkr- tsOgk dh lkekU; O;Drh gh ijaijsus pkyr vkysY;k

,dk Bjkfod ekxkZusp iq<s tkr vlrs- ;k ekxkZus iq<s tkr vlrkauk R;kauk fdrhrjh

gky&vis”Vkauk lkeksjs tkos ykxrs- nks?kkaph rqyuk dsY;kl R;k vlkekU; O;Drhph

fgaer o d”V lgu dj.;kph ‘kDrh gh dkgh tkLrp vlrs-

thou fuokZgkP;k lkekU; izfØ;syk lq)k tj ,dk vlkekU; n`f”Vdks.kkus iw.kZ

dsY;k xsys] rj rs lq)k ,d izdkjps thou y{;p cuwu tkrs- ;k lkekU; izfØ;sr

foy{k.krk rsOgkp ;sÅ ‘kdrs] tsOgk rs irukP;k [kkbZr u iMrk ,dk vkn’kZ i)rhus

txY;k tkbZy- T;k O;fDrus vkiY;k thoukyk nq%[k] osnuk o ekufld Dys’kkiklwu

nwj Bsowu R;kyk g”kZ vkuan] mYgkl&mRlkg o vkeksn&izeksnkr ?kkyfoys vkgs] R;kus

lq)k ,d izdkjs ;’kLoh thoukps ,d y{;p izkIr dsys vkgs] vls Eg.kk;yk gjdr

ukgh- T;kus glr&[ksGr o lek/kkuiwoZd vkiyh thou ;k=k iw.kZ dsyh vkgs] R;kps

thou ;’kLohp ekuY;k tkbZy] tsOgk dh vkiY;k thoukyk jMr] rMQr o

i’pkrki djhr O;rhr dj.kkÚ;kyk vi;’khp Eg.kkos ykxsy-

thoukps lkSn;Z gs cká oSHkokr ¼iz’kLr caxyk] lq’kksHkhr dsysY;k [kksY;k] lqanj

o Åaph oL=&vkHkw”k.ks] lqo.kZ jk’khauh Hkjysyh dikVs o jax&:i&vkd”kZ.kkus Hkjysys

thou½ ulwu rs euq”;kP;k varjaxke/;s okl djhr vlrs- T;kaps xq.k deZ&LoHkko gs

ftrds lkfRod o Js”B vlrhy] R;kaps thou frrdsp izlé o lqanj EgVY;k tkbZy-

th O;Drh vfopkjh] O;fHkpkjh o voxq.kh vkgs] rh fdrhgh lqanj ‘kjhjkph] /kuk<~; o

FkkVkekVkr thou tx.kkjh vlyh rjh rh Js”B o lqanj thoukP;k ifj?kkr ;sÅ ‘kdr

ukgh- ;kfo#)] th O;Drh lkekU; ifjfLFkrhph vkgs- xjhc vkgs] Qkj lqanj lq)k ukgh]

ijarq tj rh lH;] ‘kkyhu] lq’khy] larq”V o ‘kkar LoHkkokph vlsy rj rhps thou

tkLr lqanj Eg.krk ;sbZy- ;’kLoh thoukps xed T;kizek.ks ,[kk|kP;k dr`ZRok}kjs

fnY;k tkrs] R;kpizek.ks ejrsosGh R;kP;k psgÚ;koj fdrh ‘kkarrk o lek/kku gksrs] gs

lq)k R;kpk ;’kLoh thoukps ,d Js”B izek.k vkgs-

thouke/;s ;’kLoh gks.;klkBh izR;sd O;Drhps vkiys ,d y{; o mÌs’;

vl.ks vko’;d vkgs- ;kdfjrk thoukr lokZr vk/kh ,d y{; fuf’pr djk-

vkEgkyk thoukr dk; cuk;ps vkgs o dk; djk;ps vkgs] ;kyk vk/kh Bjok- uarj

y{; izkIrhlkBh n`< ladYikus dkekyk ykxk- ;’k gk vkepk tUe fl) vf/kdkj vkgs]

  7  

vlk etcwr fo’okl Bsowu iq<s pyk- vkEgkyk lrr y{; xkB.;kps osM ykxk;yk

gos-

rk#.;kP;k ;k Lo.khZe dkGkyk O;FkZ tkÅ u nsrk] ;qodkauh vkiY;k thou

y{;kyk egku lkekftd mÌs’;ka’kh tksMkos- thou&y{; gs lok±lkBh dY;k.kizn

vlkos- gs lrr y{kkr vlw |kos dh vusd vMp.kh ekxkZr vkY;k rjh vkEgh y{;

xkB.kkjp- osG fu?kwu xsY;koj i'pkrki dj.;kf’kok; nwljs dkghp f’kYyd jkgr

ukgh-

dks.kR;kgh dk;kZr ;’kLoh gks.;klkBh fpdkVh] fu”Bk] dBksj ifjJe] nwjn`”Vh]

Bke fu’p; o vuq’kklu Qkj vko’;d vkgs- tsOgk euq”;kP;k loZ ‘kDrh tls

fopkj] osG] ‘kjhj o lk/ku&laink] ,dkp y{;kdMs fu;ksftr gksrkr] rsOgk ;’k

feG.;kr dkghgh ‘kadk jkgr ukgh- vkEgh vkeP;k ‘kDrhyk vksG[kkos o vkiY;k

thou y{;kyk ,dk vkOgkukP;k :ikus Lohdkj djkos- ladYi djkok dh eh vkiY;k

y{;kyk fuf’prp izkIr djsy] eh ;kyk uDdhp izkIr d# ‘kdrks- n`< ladYikiq<s

dks.krsgh fo?u] vMFkGs o [kMrji.kk fVdw ‘kdr ukgh- Eg.kwu vkiY;k y{; izkIrh

djhrk usgeh la?k”kZ djk] la?k”kZ djk] la?k”kZ djk] vkiyh fgaer d/khp lksMw udk-

fpdkVh o lrr iz;Ru ;k nksu egku lk/kukp v’kk vkgsr dh T;k}kjs

‘kDrhyk izlé d#u frP;kdMwu bPNhr ojnku izkIr dsY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- vki.k tks

dkgh dk;ZØe cufoyk vlsy] tks dkgh thoukpk mís’; Bjfoyk vlsy] R;kyk iw.kZ

dj.;kr izk.ki.kkus o ;kstukc) fjrhus ykxk- >ksirk&tkxrk R;k fo”k;hp fopkj djk

vkf.k iq<hy ekxkZyk ‘kks/kr jkgk- ifjJe! ifjJe !! dBksj ifjJe !!! gkp vkepk

LoHkko vlk;yk gok- tkLr dke dsY;kus vki.k Fkd.kkj] vlk fopkjgh eukr vk.kw

udk- okLro rj gsp vkgs dh ifjJe gh Lor%p ,d Lopkfyr ‘kDrh vkgs- rh

vkiY;k ok<r tk.kkÚ;k osxklkscr dk;Z{kersyk lq)k mRié djrs- fujk’k] grk’k]

vkG’kh o dkepksj O;Drh QDr rkl&nksu rklkP;k dkekusp ,[kknk igkM

p<Y;klkj[kk Fkdok vuqHkorks] ijarq mRlkgh] ifjJeh o Lor%P;k dkekr iw.kZ vkoMhus

ykxysyh O;Drh] >ksi.;kP;k osGsyk lksMwu] ckdh loZ osG dkekr ?kkyowu lq)k

FkksMhgh Fkdr ukgh- [kjh fpdkVh] vkoM o R;kfo”k;h vlysyk dy gk ,d izdkjpk

Mk;ueks vkgs] tks dke dj.;klkBh ykx.kkÚ;k {kersph fo|qr izR;sd {k.kkyk r;kj

djhr vlrks-

  8  

vkEgh gs y{kkr vlw |kos dh vkeph dks.krhgh bPNk fdaok mÌs’; gk vkeP;k

‘kDrh}kjsp iw.kZ gksÅ ‘kdrks- ,[kk|k dkekrwu vax dk<wu ?ksrY;kus dkghp izkIr gksr

ukgh- nqlÚ;kaoj voyacwu jkghY;kl uSjk’;p injkr iMr vlrs] Eg.kwu vkiY;k

mÌs’;kyk izkIr dj.;kdfjrk vkEgh Lor%P;k ik;kaojp mHks Ogkos- Lor%P;k dkeke/;s

iw.kZ ,dkxzrk o vkoM mRiUu d#u ,[kk|k e’khuizek.ks dBksj ifjJekus dkekyk

ykxkos- ;kr FkksMslq)k v/khj gksÅ u;s- ‘kDrh gh vkiY;k fgaerhph okjaokj ifj{kk

?ksbZy] vi;’k o uSjk’;kP;k vfXue/;s okjaokj rkiosy vkf.k [kÚ;k&[kksV;kph ijh{kk

lq)k ?ksbZy- vki.k d”V] [kMrji.kk] vi;’k] uSjk’; o ;’kizkIrh e/;s gks.kkjk foyac

bR;knh ifj{kse/;s ikl >kykr rj rh ‘kDrh izlé gksÅu leksj izdV gksbZy vkf.k

vki.kkl bfPNr ojnkup uOgs rj R;kis{kkgh vusd iVhus tkLr QG iznku djsy-

cjsp’;k O;Drh T;k Lor%yk detksj o lkeF;Zghu letr vlrkr] R;k ;koj

lgti.ks fo’oklp djhr ukghr dh dBksj ifjJekus rs lq)k Qkj ‘kfDroku cuw

‘kdrkr- rs Lor%P;k detksj voLFksdMs c?kwu gkp fopkj djhr vlrkr dh vkEgh

rj usgeh nhu&ghu o nqlÚ;kaP;k nMi.kkyk cGh iM.;klkBhp tUekyk vkysyks

vkgksr- ijarq R;kph gh /kkj.kk iw.kZi.ks Hkzked vkgs- izR;sd euq”;ke/;s ,d vlk ‘kDrh

L=ksr fo|eku vkgs] tks R;kyk R;kP;k bPNsuqlkj Js”B inki;Zar iksgkspow ‘kdrks- izR;sd

O;Drhe/;s vkRE;kph vuar o vikj ‘kDrh fo|eku vkgs- vkiY;k ‘kDrhizokgkpk

;ksX; iz;ksx dj.ks] gkp iq#”kkFkZ vkgs- vkEgkyk dq.kkiklwugh ‘kDrhph Hkhd ekxk;ph

ukgh] rj rh vkEgkyk u ekxrkp bZ’ojkdMwu feGkysyh vkgs- ijarq tksi;Zar

vkeP;ke/;s Kkukpk o foosdkpk mn; gksr ukgh] rksi;Zar rjh R;k ‘kfDrpk] fujFkZd

dk;kZ}kjs] fujFkZd fopkj o fujFkZd euu&fparuk}kjs nq#i;ksxp gksr tkbZy- vkeP;k

‘kfDrpk dks.kR;kgh fØ;s}kjs] iz;Ruka}kjs] Hkkouk o fopkjka}kjs nq#i;ksx gksr vkgs dh

lnqi;ksx] ;kdMs vkEgh lrr y{k |k;yk gos- v’kk izdkjs vkEgh Lor%yk feGkysY;k

’kfDrpk tkLrhr tkLr fodkl d# ‘kdrks- ‘kq) lkfRod vkgkj o bafnz; la;ekus

vkeph ‘kkjhfjd mérh gksr vlrs] ln~O;ogkj o ln~xq.kkaP;k fodklkus ekufld mérh

gksrs vkf.k Lok/;k;k}kjs feGkysY;k Kkukus ckSf)d mérh gksrs- izR;sd {ks=ke/;s ‘kfDryk

izkIr dj.ks o detksjhyk nwj dj.ks] ekuoh mRFkkuklkBh ;kphp vko’;drk vlrs-

tsOgk vkEgh fuHkZ; gksÅu ekxkZr ;s.kkÚ;k izR;sd vMp.khaoj ekr dj.;kr leFkZ gksÅ]

Lor%P;k y{;kdMs lrr vxzslj gksr tkÅ vkf.k vkeP;koj gks.kkÚ;k ‘kDrhP;k egku

Ñispk vuqHko ?ksÅ] rsOgk vkEgh [kjks[kjp ‘kfDrpk lnqi;ksx dj.kkÚ;k O;DrhP;k

#ikus Lor%yk /kU; letw-

  9  

,dnk] nksunk ukgh rj gtkj osGk ;k xks”Vhph xkB cka/kwu ?;k;yk goh dh

‘kfDrf’kok; ;’k feGw ‘kdr ukgh- vkiY;k mÌs’;kyk izkIr djk;ps vlsy rj mBk !

tkxs Ogk ! vkiY;k ‘kfDryk ok<ok! Lor%e/;s fpdkVh] dk;Zdq’kyrk o vkRefo’okl

mRiUu djk- vkiys f‘kj rGgkrh ?ksÅu y{;izkIrhP;k ekxkZr ;s.kkÚ;k izR;sd ladVkapk

o vMp.khpk lkeuk dj.;klkBh eh dacj dlwu r;kj vkgs] vlkp vuqHko lrr ?ksr

jkgk- vkrk ;k txkrhy dks.krhgh ‘kDrh eyk y{; izkIr dj.;kiklwu jks[kw ‘kdr

ukgh] v’kk n`<+ ladYikus iq<s xsY;kl ;’k gs inksinh vkeP;k lkoyhizek.ks vkEgkyk

lkFk nsbZy- tsOgk vki.k Lor%ph enr Lor%p djky] rsOgk ijesÜoj lq)k rqeP;k

enrhdfjrk /kkowu ;sbZy-

^xkjQhYM* gs ‘kkys; f’k{k.k ?ks.;klkscr ,dk xzaFkky;kr ukSdjh lq)k djhr

gksrs- frFks rs Kkuo/kZd lkfgR;kps Hkjiwj okpu djhr- inoh/kj >kY;kuarj R;kauk nqljh

pkaxyh uksdjh lq)k feGkyh- vkrk rs vkiY;k f’kYyd osGse/;s lektlsosph vusd

dkes djhr- R;kaP;k LoHkkokph o pkfj«;kph vksG[k R;k {ks=kr jkg.kkÚ;k vusdkauk

iVyh- v’kkizdkjs izxrhP;k ekxkZojhy vusd y{;kauk ikj djhr rs vesfjdsrhy

jkT;lHksps lnL; Eg.kwu fuoMY;k xsys- iq<Y;kp fuoM.kwdhr R;kauk jk”Vªirh in

feGkys- gs ;’k R;kauk Lor%ph ;ksX;rk o lsoklk/kusP;k vk/kkjsp izkIr >kys gksrs-

;’kkpk gk jktekxZ izR;sd O;fDrdfjrk eksdGk vkgs- T;k O;Drh dq.kkphgh

okV u c?krk Lor%p iq#”kkFkZ djrkr] R;k vkiY;k ladYi cGkus y{;kyk izkIr d:u

?ksrkr-

;’k kph tuuh & l adYi ‘kDrh

^gk ek>k ladYi vkgs*] ;kpk vFkZ gkp gksrks dh vkrk eh ;k dk;kZe/;s

izk.ki.kkus] iw.kZ eukus o ‘kfDrus ykxysyks vkgs- v’kk izdkjpk n`< fopkj Eg.ktsp

;’kkph tuuh gks;- ladYi gsp ri o fØ;k’kfDryk jp.kkjs rRo vkgs- ;krp vusd

izdkjP;k fl/nh o ojnku yiysys vkgsr-

T;k fopkjkapk eukoj LFkk;h izHkko iMrks vkf.k var%dj.kkoj vfeV Nki iMrs]

rs vkiY;k iqujko`RrheqGs LoHkkokps ,d vax cuwu tkrkr- v’kk fopkjkaps vkiys ,d

fo’ks”k egRo vlrs- ;k fopkjkauk Øec) fjrhus ltfo.ks T;kauk ters] rs vkiY;k

HkkX;kyk] n`f”Vdksukyk o lHkksorkyP;k okrkoj.kkyk ifjorhZr d# ‘kdrkr vkf.k ;k

cnykeqGs thoukr ,[kk|k fo’ks”k fLFkrhyk mRié d# ‘kdrkr-

  10  

vko’;drsyk ‘kks/kkaph tuuh EgVY;k tkrs- tsOgk ,[kk|k xks”Vhaph rhoz bPNk

eukr mRié gksrs rsOgk R;kyk iw.kZ dj.;kdfjrk lk/kukapk ‘kks/k ?ks.ks lq)k lq# gksrs

vkf.k ;koj dks.krk uk dks.krk mik; lq)k fu?krksp- eukr fuekZ.k >kysyh rh bPNk

tj izsjd vlsy] R;kyk iw.kZ dj.;kph Hkwd tj vkrwu vkysyh vlsy vkf.k R;kekxs

vkepk izk.k ykxysyk vlsy] R;k bPNsyk iw.kZ dj.;klkBh fdrhgh vMp.hkapk lkeuk

eyk djkok ykxyk rjh eh R;kdfjrk vkiys iz;Ru pkyw Bsohy] tjh ;kr fujk’kk

tud vls fdrhgh {k.k ek÷;kleksj dka ;soksr] v’kk izdkjP;k ladYikph LFkkiuk tj

eukr [kksyoj o n`<i.ks >kyh vlsy rj y{;ki;Zar iksgksp.ks Qkj lksis tkrs-

nqlÚ;kadfjrk dBh.k okV.kkjs dk;Z lq)k ladYioku O;fDarlkBh ,[kk|k lkekU;

fØ;sis{kk eksBs jkgr ukgh-

iq<s tk.;klkBh lrr uoh ‘kDrh izkIr djhr jkg.ks lq)k vko’;d vkgs-

mérhpk gk Øe d/kh rqVw u;s- iq<s vxszlj gks.;kr vkEgh Mxexw u;s] ijarq gs rsOgkp

‘kD; vkgs] tsOgk vkepk ladYi] vkepk mn~ns’k gk v[kafMr v’kk lkglkus] J)k o

‘kfDrus vksrizksr vlsy- v/kZoV eukus] mnklhu gksÅu dk;Z dj.kkjk cs<c o ew[kZ

EgVY;k tkrks] R;kyk ,[kkns fo’ks”k ;’k d/khp izkIr gksr ukgh-

tj eyk vewd&vewd lks;h ykHkY;k vlR;k] rj eh vewd&vewd dk;Z

dsys vlrs] v’kk izdkjs] QDr dYiuk djhr jkg.kkÚ;k O;Drh Lor%php Qlo.kwd

djhr vlrkr- HkkX; gs nqlÚ;kaP;k enrhus d/khp fodflr gksr ulrs- vkiyk Hkkj

ogu dj.;klkBh ;k txkr dq.khgh r;kj gks.kkj ukgh- vkEgkyk gh thou ;k=k

vkiY;k ik;kusp iw.kZ djk;ph vkgs- ;kdfjrk nqlÚ;kapk vk/kkj ?ksryk rj vkeps thou

dBh.k gksÅu tkbZy- vkeP;ke/;s th ,d egku psruk dk;Z djhr vkgs] R;kph ‘kDrh

gh vuar vkgs- R;kpk vkJ; ?ksrY;kl vkepk izR;{k vlysyk vkRefo’okl tkxk

gksbZy vkf.k rsOgk vkEgh nqlÚ;kaoj voyacwu lq)k jkg.kkj ukgh- ladYikpsp nqljs #i

Eg.kts vkRefo’okl vkgs- rks tkx`r >kY;kl Lor%pk fodkl gk vkiksvkip Qkj

osxkus gksÅ ykxsy- vkt vkEgh ts dkgh vkgksr vkf.k vkeP;k thoukyk T;k dkgh

fLFkrhr vkEgh Bsoysys vkgs- rks vkeP;k Lor%P;k fopkjkapkp ifj.kke vkgs- vkeps

fopkj tls vlrhy Hkfo”;kph fufeZrh lq)k r’khp gksbZy-

mnkl o e`rizk; ekufldrsyk lksMwu Åap mM.;kph dYiuk ekufld {ks=kyk

rstLoh cufor vlrs- ;keqGs lkgl] ‘kkS;Z] deZBrk] mRiknu ‘kDrh] uSiq.; bR;knh

xq.kkapk vkfoHkkZo euq”;kr gksrk- ;k xq.kkae/;s ‘kfDrpk rks L=ksr yiysyk vkgs] dh

  11  

T;keqGs vkEgkyk izR;sd {k.kh lq[k&lek/kku o vkuankpk vkLokn ?ksrk ;sbZy- fuєVrk

gh euq”;ke/;s nqxqZ.kkauk mRiUu djrs- R;keqGs pgqdMs d”V o Dys’kiw.kZ ifj.kkep fnlwu

;srkr- Eg.kwu ladYikyk thoukP;k mRєVrspk ea= letk;yk gos o R;kpk iz;ksx

thoukr xq.kkaP;k fodklkdfjrkp Ogk;yk gok-

rqEgh Lor%yk vleFkZ] v’kDr o vukFk letw udk] ^^lk/ku&lqfo/ksP;k

vHkkoh vkEgh iq<s dls tk.kkj \** v’kk detksj fopkjkapk R;kx djk- y{kkr vlw |k

dh ‘kfDrpk L=ksr gk lk/kukae/;s ukgh rj ladYike/;s vkgs- mUurh dj.;kph o iq<s

tk.;kph bPNk tj rhoz vlsy rj vkt vki.kkal T;k lk/kukaph deh fnlwu ;sr vkgs]

m|k rh deh fuf’prp nwj gksrkauk fnlwu ;sbZy- ladYi n`< vlY;kl euq”; LoYi

lk/kukauh lq)k Lor%pk tkLrhr&tkLr fodkl d: ‘kdrks vkf.k eLrhus Hkjysys thou

txw ‘kdrks- ,d NksVh’kh i.krh d/kh vls Eg.krs dka] dh eh ngk fdyks ekrhus

cuysyh vlrh o R;kr ngk fdyks rsy ?kkrys vlrs rj lokZauk izdk’k fnyk vlrk\

rh vkiY;k e;kZfnr lk/kukauhp lokZauk izdk’k nsr vlrs- mérhph bPNk Bso.ks gk

euq”;kpk LokHkkfod xq.k vkgs- R;kus lrr iq<s tk;ykp gos] ijarq gs rsOgkp ‘kD;

vkgs] tsOgk euq”;kps ladYi cG tkx`r vlsy- ladYik}kjs izR;sd euq”; ;’kkyk izkIr

d# ’kdrks- ,d v’kh O;Drh ;k txkr gksrh ftyk iRuh us egkeq[kZ EgVys o Qkj

okbZV izdkjs frjLÑr dsys- ;keqGs R;kauk Qkj okbZV okVys- R;kauh gh xks”V vkiY;k

vareZukyk ykowu ?ksryh- iRuhpk R;kx dsyk o izkS< o;kr rs fo|kizkIrh e/;s ykxysr-

nh?kZdkGkpk vH;kl o vVG ladYikP;k cGkoj rs laLÑrps izxk< iaMhr egkdoh

dkfynkl cuysr- laiw.kZ Hkkjr R;kaP;k izfrHksus o fo|sus peRÑr >kyk- R;kaP;k xqIr

euke/;s dkO; ‘kfDrps Qkj eksBs HkaMkj yiysys gksrs-

,d njksMs[kksj gksrk] T;kph thfodk ;k=sd#auk ywVwu o R;akph gR;k d#u

pkyr vls- ,ds fno’kh ,d equh R;kaP;k rkoMhr lkiMys- rks njksMs[kksj R;kauk lq)k

ekj.kkj gksrk ijarq tsOgk R;k riLohus R;kauk fouez Lojkr iz’u fopkjyk dh ^T;k

O;fDarps ikyu&iks”k.k dj.;klkBh rqEgh brD;k vla[; yksdkaP;k gR;sps iki vkiY;k

MksD;koj ?ksr vkgkr] rs rqeP;k ikikaps Hkkxhnkj gksrhy dka\ rqEgh vkrkp vkiY;k ?kjh

tkÅu dqVqafc;kauk ;k iz’ukps mÙkj fopkjk*- njksM[kksj ?kjh fu?kwu xsyk- R;kus dqVqafc;kauk

gk iz’u fopkjyk] ijarq iz’ukps mÙkj ,sdrkp R;kpk psgjk iMyk- R;kaps mÙkj gksrs &

^vkEgh rqeps vkfJr vkgksr- iki&iq.;k’kh vkEgkyk dk; ns.ks&?ks.ks\ dqVqafc;kaps mÙkj

,sdrkp R;kps MksGs m?kMys- okLrorsps Kku R;kauk >kys- rs cnyysr vf.k eg”khZ

  12  

okfYedhP;k ukokus çfl/n >kys- R;kaP;k xqIr ‘kDrh ,dk,dh tkx`r >kY;k vkf.k

R;kauh vkiY;k cqf)us txkyk peRÑr d#u lksMys- ;kpizek.ks fdrh rjh egkiq:”k

vls >kys vkgsr] T;kauk ,[kk|k ekufld vk?kkrkeqGs vareZukrhy lqIr ‘kDrhaps Kku

>kys gksrs- ;keqGs R;kaps thou ikyVys vkf.k vkiY;k xq.kkauh R;kauh txkyk pdhr

d:u lksMys-

vki.kkae/;s lq)k foy{k.k xqIr ‘kfDarps] eu] ‘kjhj o vkRE;kP;k vla[;

‘kfDarps HkaMkj yiysys vkgs- ijarq nq%[kkph xks”V gh vkgs dh vki.k Lor%yk lkekU;

izk.khp letr vlrks- vki.k d/khgh vlk fopkj d# u;s dh vkeP;kr ;k fnO; o

vk’p;Ztud ‘kDrh dqBs yiysY;k vlrhy\ fo’okl Bsok dh vkiY;kae/;s [kjks[kjp

‘kfDrps vQkV HkaMkj Hkjysys vkgs- ?kksMîkkauk tj Lor%P;k ‘kkjhfjd ‘kfDrps Hkku >kys

rj rs vkeps okgu jkg.kkj ukgh- gÙkh vkiY;k ‘kkjhfjd ‘kfDrus lEiw.kZ txkyk

vkiY;k rkC;kr djsy- ok?k] fpÙkk] vLoy] xok] gY;k] cSy] [kspj bR;knh tukojkauk

Lor%P;k ‘kfDrps Kku >kY;kl rs vkeP;koj jkT; d# ykxrhy- ;kpizek.ks vkEgkyk

vkeP;k ‘kfDrps Kku >kY;kl nq%[k] fHkrh] fpark] ladV] ‘kksd] }s”k bR;knhapk

FkksMklq)k vuqHko vkEgkyk gks.kkj ukgh] gs nq”V euksfodkj vkeps d/khp] dkghgh

fc?kMow ‘kd.kkj ukgh- vkeps vkjksX;] eu o thoukoj ;kapk dks.krkgh izHkko iM.kkj

ukgh- ijarq nq%[kkph xks”V ghp vkgs dh vkEgh ;k nq”V euksfodkjkaP;k rkoMhr lgti.ks

Qlrks vkf.k Lor%pk loZuk’k d#u ?ksrks-

vkeph [kjh detksjh ghp vkgs dh vkePkk Lor%pk Lor%ojp fo’okl ukgh-

vkEgh nqlÚ;kauk Jhear o FkkVkekVkps thou txrkauk c?kwu R;kauk lq[kh letrks ijarq

tj vkEgh R;kaP;k vkarfjd thoukyk fuj[kwu c?khrys rj vkeps gs fopkj [kksVs

Bjrhy] ex vki.kkl vlk iz’u iMsy dh yksdkadMs rj Hkjiwj iSlk vkgs] lq[k vkgs]

brds lkjs oSHko] eksBsi.k o vf/kdkj vkgsr- ex rs nq%[kh dka\ R;kaP;koj bZ’ojkph

,o<h eksBh Ñik vkgs] ijarq vkeP;koj gk izdksi dka\ vkeP;ktoG ,s’o;kZph lk/kus

ukghr] Eg.kwu vkEgh nq%[kh vkgksr vkf.k R;kaP;ktoG gh loZ lk/kus vkgsr] Eg.kwu rs

lq[kh vkgsr] vlk fopkj dj.ks Eg.kts vkepk dsoG ,d Hkze vkgs- bZ’ojkpk ;kr

dlykgh i{kikr ukgh- bZ’ojh; ‘kDrh rlsp ‘kkjhfjd] ekufld o vkfRed lainspk

tks va’k fodflr yksdkae/;s vkgs] rksp okLrfodi.ks vki.kkae/;s lq)k fo|eku vkgs-

vkEgh gs usgeh y{kkr vlw |kos dh lrr ifjJe dsY;kus o ,d fuf’pr y{;

BsoY;kusp HkkX;kph fufeZrh gksr vlrs- yksdkaP;k bPNk ‘kfDrusp dks.krkgh ns’k Åaph

  13  

xkBr vlrks- bPNk gh ,d v’kh izcG ‘kDrh vkgs] th Lor%pk ekxZ Lor%p ‘kks/kwu

dk<hr vlrs- ew[kZ yksdkalkBh izkjC/k gk ,d cgk.kk ek= vlrks- okLro rj gsp vkgs

dh izkjC/k fdaok HkkX; ukokph dks.krhgh oLrq ;k txkr ukgh-

ftFks çR;sd fBdk.kh dk;Z o dkj.kkapk vrqV laca/k vkgs] frFks izkjC/k fdaok

HkkX;kP;k ekU;rsyk eq[kZrsf’kok; vk.k[kh dk; Eg.krk ;sbZy\ ;ksX; fopkj dj.;kpk

ekxZ dq.kkyk ekfgr ukgh\ o izR;sd dk;kZekxs dke dj.kkÚ;k dkj.kkyk dks.k tk.kr

ukgh\ tks vkiY;k dYiusrhy Hkwr&çsrka iklwu o thoukr ;s.kkÚ;k >a>kokrkiklwu

usgeh Mxexr vlrks] rks ;k dfYir Hkwr&izsrkapk o okbZV xzgkapk nkl cuwu jkgrks-

jktk olqlsukpk T;ksfr”k’kkL=koj Qkj fo’okl gksrk- rs izR;sd dk;Z eqgwrkZoj

dj.;klkBh Lor%lkscr usgeh ,dk T;ksfr”khyk Bsohr vlr- ,dnk rs nks?ksgh ,dk

;k=soj tk.;klkBh fu?kkysr- okVsr R;kauk ,d ‘ksrdjh] ukaxj o cSytksMhyk ?ksÅu

isj.khlkBh tkrkauk fnlyk- T;ksfr”kh R;kyk Eg.kkys] ^^vjs eq[kkZ ! vkt ;k fn’ksr

xzgn’kk Bhd ukgh- ijr fQj] ukgh rj rq>s Qkj uqdlku gksbZy-** ;koj ‘ksrdjh

Eg.kkyk & eh rj jkst ‘ksrkoj tkr vlrks- okbZV xzgn’kk ek>s dk; fc?kMfo.kkj\

‘ksrdÚ;kps mRrj ,Sdwu T;ksfr”khus R;kl gkr nk[kkfo.;kfo”k;h EgVys- rsOgk

‘ksrdjh Eg.kkyk & ^gkr rj rks iljosy T;kyk dkgh ekxk;ps vkgs- eh rj vki.kk

lkj[;ka vla[;kuk vé nsÅu] Lor% etsr thou txr vlrks- ‘ksrdÚ;kaps mÙkj ,sdwu

jktk o T;ksfr”kh pdhr gksÅu vk’p;kZus R;kyk c?kw ykxys-*

fdrhgh dBhu ifjfLFkrh vkyh rjh R;kr gkj u ekurk( ftrdh dBh.k

ifjfLFkrh vlsy] frrdsp tkLr /kS;Z o mRlkg Bsowu dkekyk ykxk- osxosxGîkk izdkjs

iz;Ru djk- vusd fBdk.kh dkes djk] dks.kR;k uk dks.kR;k ekxkZus ;’k uDdhp

vkiY;k injkr iMsy-

n`< ladYi] /kS;Z o fgaerhusp euq”; ;’kLoh gksr vlrks- vi;’kkeqGs ts d/khp

gkjys ukghr] T;kauh uSjk’;kyk d/khp toG ;sÅ fnys ukgh] T;kaP;k eukr vtwugh

;’kkph vk’kk vkgs- dkeke/;s mRlkg vkgs vkf.k eukr /kS;Z vkgs- R;kapk ladYi ,d

uk ,d fnol uDdhp ;’kLoh gksrks- fujk’kkoknh n`f”Vdksu BsoY;kus dks.kR;kgh dkekr

gkr ?kky.;kph eqGh bPNkp gksr ukgh-

okbZV fopkj gs fo”kk.kwais{kk tkLr ?kkrd o /kkU;kyk ykxysY;k dhM is{kk tkLr

lw{e vlrkr- rs vkeP;ke/;s Bk.k ekaMwu clrkr vkf.k xq.k&deZ&LoHkkOkkP;k loZ

  14  

lainsyk iksdG o fo”kkjh cuowu Vkdrkr- {kqnz LoHkkokps vkn’kZghu o y{;ghu O;Drh

thoukyk ,[kk|k vks÷;klkj[ks okgwu us.;kf’kok; nqljs dkghp d: ‘kdr ukgh] R;kaps

euksjFk gs d/khp iw.kZ gksr ukghr] dkj.k izxrhlkBh vko’;d vlysys iz[kj

O;fDreRo R;kP;ktoG ulrs-

vkEgh vk’kk o mRlkgkyk eukr dk;e Bsowu] lqanjkr lqanj Hkfo”;kph dYiuk

djk;yk goh- lq:okrhiklwup nq%[kkr iM.;kpk fopkj vkEgh dka djkok\ T;k

euq”;kph bPNk’kDrh n`< o cyoku vlrs] rks ,[kk|k unhizek.ks vkiY;k ;’kkpk ekxZ

dksBwugh dk<wup ?ksr vlrks- R;kaph n`< bPNk gh Lor%p R;kaps ekxZn’kZu djhr tkrs-

;’kkps ewG gs euq”;kP;k bPNk’kDrh e/;s nMysys vlrs- loZ ekuoh ‘kfDare/;s R;kph

bPNk’kDrh ghp lokZr izcG o eq[; vlrs- T;k euq”;kaph bPNk ‘kDrh detksj

vlrs] rs lk/ku laié vlwu lq)k dks.krsgh mYys[kuh; ;’k vkiY;k thoukr izkIr

d: ‘kdr ukgh- detksj bPNk’kDrh vl.kkjs yksda ekxkZr ;s.kkÚ;k lk/kkj.k’kk

vMp.khyk fdaok fojks/kkyk c?kwup Lor%ph fgaer xekowu clrkr-

euq”;kph [kjh ‘kDrh Eg.kts R;kph bPNk’kfDrp gks;- dkj.k gsp thoukps

y{k.k vkgs vkf.k dekZyk mRiUu dj.kkjh o izsj.kk ns.kkjh ‘kDrh lq)k ghp vkgs- ftFks

bPNk ukgh] frFks deZ vlw ‘kdr ukgh vkf.k ftFks bPNk vkgs] frFks dekZps vl.ks

vfuok;Z vkgs- bPNsP;k izsj.ksusp euq”; dekZe/;s izo`Ùk gksrks- tj R;kr bPNsps LQqj.k

ulsy] R;kph izsj.kk ulsy rj rks tM voLFksrp iMwu jkghy- vkfndkGkiklwu rs

vkti;Zar euq”;kpk tks dkgh fodkl >kysyk vkgs] rks loZ R;kP;k bPNk’kfDrpkp

peRdkj vkgs- bPNk’kDrhph detksjh Eg.kts ekuokP;k laiw.kZ thoukphp detksjh

vkgs- ftFks vls detksj bPNk’kfDrps o fHk=s yksda jkgr vlrkr frFks cgq/kk fHkrh o

vk’kadspsp okrkoj.k cuwu jkgrs- v’kk O;Drh nqlÚ;kauk lq)k detksj o fu#Rlkgh

cuowu Vkdrkr-

egkRek xka/kh gs izcG bPNk’kfDrps ,d thoar o tkx`r vkn’kZ gksrs- R;kaP;k

toG izcG] n`< o iz[kj bPN’kDrhf’kok; vk.k[kh gksrsp dk;\ uk lSU; gksrs] uk

‘kL= vkf.k uk lkezkT; gksrs] QDr ,dk n`< bPNk’kfDrP;k vk/kkjsp R;kauh baxzt

lkezkT;k’kh y<k fnyk- izcG bPNk’kDrh vl.kkjk T;k dkekr gkr ?kkyrks] R;kyk iw.kZ

djsi;Zar lksMr ukgh- rks vojks/k] o fojks/kdka’kh fgaerhus y<k nsr iq<s tkr vlrks-

mérh o ;’k izkIrhpk ;kf’kok; nqljk dks.krkgh ekxZ ukgh- ;k txkrhy loZ ;’kkpk

ewG ea= vkgs & izcG bPNk’kDrh- ;kP;kp cGkoj fo|k] laiÙkh o lk/kukauk

  15  

defoY;k tkrs- gkp rks lEeksgu o o’khdj.k ea= vkgs dh T;kP;k cGkoj ,dkdh

O;Drh lq)k dksVh&dksVh yksdkauk vkiys vuq;k;h cuowu ?ksrks- thoukr mUurh o

;’kkph vkdka{kk dj.;kvk/kh Lor%P;k bPNk’kfDryk izcG o iz[kj cufo.ks Qkj

vko’;d vkgs- v’kk O;fDrauk d/khp vi;’kh o fujk’k Ogkos ykxr ukgh- nqlÚ;k

fo”k;h lfnPNk Bso.kkÚ;k O;fDre/;s vk’kk] mRlkg] lkgl o lfØ;rsph deh ulrs

vkf.k T;ke/;s ;k ;’knk;h xq.kkapk lekos’k vlsy] vi;’k R;kaP;k toGgh ;sÅ

‘kdr ukgh- okbZV bPNk ftFks vkiY;k fo”kkjh izHkkokus euq”;kP;k ‘kfDryk u”V d#u

lksMrkr] frFks lfnPNk gh R;kaP;kr uoh LQwrhZ] uok mRlkg o vfHkuo vk’kspk lapkj

djrs-

,d bPNk] ,d fu”Bk o vkiY;k loZ ‘kfDrps ,dRo gs euq”;kyk R;kP;k

vfHk”V y{;ki;Zar uDdhp iksgkspfor vlrs- ;kr dks.kR;kgh izdkjph ‘kadk dj.;kph

xjt ukgh] vko’;drk vkgs rj QDr rhoz] ,dfu”B o izpaM bPNk’kfDrph-

vkiY;k euke/;s dks.kR;kgh izdkjpk v’kqHk ladYi fdaok fopkj ;sÅ nsÅ udk-

nqlÚ;kaP;k v’kqHk fdaok fojks/kh fopkjkauk vkEgh xzg.k u dsY;kl rs iqUgk R;akP;ktoGp

ijr tkÅu R;kauk uqdlku iksgpfor vlrkr- ladYikps ikfo«; gs euq”;kP;k laiw.kZ

thoukyk ifo= o r`Ir dj.kkjs vlrs- rkVke/;s ok<ysys vUu lq)k] tksi;Zar R;kyk

rksaMkr Vkd.;kpk o pko.;kpk iq:”kkFkZ djhr ukgh] rksi;Zar iksVkr iksgkspr ukgh-

vkEgh tsOgk izxfriFkkoj ladYiiwoZd vxzslj gksrks] rsOgk çfrdwy ifjfLFkrh lq)k

vuqdwyrse/;s cnywu tkrs vkf.k va/kkjkr lq)k izdk’k mRié gksrks- ;keqGs lq:okrhyk

ts y{; Qkj dBh.k okVr gksrs rs frrdsp lksis gksr tkrs-

thou fufeZrhP;k izR;sd {ks=ke/;s ladYi’kfDryk fof’k”V LFkku izkIr >kys

vkgs- loZ bPNk] ;k ladYikP;k lhesyk Li’kZ d: ‘kdr ukgh- R;kr dekZyk iw.kZ

dj.;kph ‘kDrh ulrs] Eg.kwu R;k bPNk futhZo letY;k tkrkr- ijarq tsOgk R;k

bPNk] cq)h] fopkj o n`< Hkkous}kjs ‘kq/n gksrkr] rsOgk ladYi cuwu iq<s ;srkr- /;s;

izkIrh dfjrk bPNsis{kk tkLr ‘kDrh ladYike/;s vlrs- ladYi gk R;k fdYY;kizek.ks

vlrks] tks Hk;adj vMh&vMp.kh vkf.k detksj o MGeGhr ifjfLFkrhe/;s lq)k

euq”;kps j{k.k djrks vkf.k ;’kkP;k njokT;ki;Zar iksgkspfo.;kr R;kyk enr djrks-

mRÑ”V fdaok fuÑ”V thou] gs [kjs c?krk euq”;kP;k fopkjkaoj voyacwu vlrs

vkeP;k fopkjkaps lØh; :i Eg.ktsp deZ gks;- T;k fopkjkaph euke/;s izfrfØ;k

  16  

mRié gksrs] rs vkiyh Lor%ph vkoM o n`< bPNseqGs eukr [kksyoj :trkr vkf.k

R;kuqlkj cká thoukph fufeZrh gksr tkrs-

izR;sd fopkjkaps ,d fuf’pr Lo#i vlrs] nqlÚ;k ltkrh; fopkjkalkscr feGwu

rs vk.k[kh tkLr cyoku gksr tkrkr- r’kkp izdkjpsp vusd ladYi o fopkj ;k

lw{e txke/;s fo|eku vlrkr] ijarq R;kpk ykHk euq”;kyk rsOgkp feGrks tsOgk rks

,[kk|k bPNsyk iw.kZ dj.;kdfjrk fo’ks”k ,dkxzrsus izo`Ùk gksrks- v’kk izdkjPks ,dkxz

vlysys eu ;k ltkrh; fopkj rjaxkauk lw{e vkdk’kkrwu R;kp izek.ks vks<hr vlrs]

tlk Hkqdsyk vtxj vkiY;k nh?kZ ‘oklkus vusd NksV~;k&NksV~;k tho&tarqauk o

dhVd&ik[kjkauk vkiY;kdMs vks<hr vlrks- ltkrh; rÙokae/;s vkiyh ,d vn`’;

‘kDrh vlrs- rh tsOgk dke d: ykxrs rsOgk ;’kkps vusd ekxZ vkiksvkip eksdGs

gksr tkrkr- rsOgk vls okVrs t.kw ,[kknh nSoh ‘kDrh vkiY;kyk enr djhr vkgs]

ijarq rh ‘kDrh ladYikphp vlrs] th R;k euq”;kP;k euke/;s vusd osxosxG;k

euq”;kaP;k eukrhy r’kkp izdkjP;k dYiusyk o fparukyk ‘kks/kwu&’kks/kwu vk.khr vlrs

vkf.k fopkjoku O;Drh R;krwup vkiY;kyk gO;k vlysY;k dYiusyk o fparukyk

vkiY;k ifjfLFkrhuq:i xzg.k djhr tkrks- ;keqGs ;’k izkIr dj.;kr R;kyk Qkjlk osG

ykxr ukgh-

letk vki.k ladYi dsyk dh ;k o”khZ vkEgkyk pkaxY;k xq.kkauh mÙkh.kZ Ogk;ps

vkgs- R;kdfjrk vkiY;kyk ldkGh mBkos ykxsy] vH;kl djkok ykxsy vkf.k ;kr

tj vki.k gyxthZi.kk dsyk rj vkiyk ladYi viwjkp jkg.kkj- n`< ladYike/;s

euq”;kph cq)h] gh fLFkj o ‘kjhj gs fØ;k’khy vlk;yk gos- vkeps eu tj cyoku

vlsy] dke dj.;kph fpdkVh vkeP;kr vlsy rj dks.krkgh vojks/k vkeP;k

;’kkP;k ekxkZe/;s vkiyk izHkko lksMw ‘kdr ukgh- Lor%P;k eukyk oknGh

vk?kkrkae/;s] Hkh”k.k xehZ] ikÅl o xkjihVhe/;s] v<G o vrwV jkg.kkÚ;k [kMdkaçek.ks

cuowu ?ksrY;kl fcdV ifjfLFkrh o lkalkfjd vMh&vMp.kh lq)k vkiys dkghp

fc?kMow ‘kd.kkj ukgh-

eukyk ,[kk|k okbZV fn’ksdMs tk.;kiklwu ijko`Ùk djusp iqjsls ukgh rj R;kyk

,d v’kh fn’kk lq)k |k;yk goh dh T;kr R;kyk tkLrhr&tkLr vkuan feGsy o

R;kr vkoM mRié gksbZy- ftFks tkLr vkd”kZ.k vlsy] eu frFksp jesy eukyk okbZV

ekxkZoj tk.;kiklwu okjaokj jks[k.ks] gs ,dkaxhp Bjsy- eukph fn’kk cnyfo.;klkBh

  17  

R;kyk dke dj.;kl o fopj.k dj.;kl ,[kkns tkLr vkd”kZd {ks= ns.ks Qkj

vko’;d vkgs-

lR; rj gsp vkgs dh ladYikP;k vHkkoh ‘kfDrps dkghp egRo vFkok ewY;

ulrs- ;kpizek.ks gs lq)k lR; vkgs dh ‘kfDrP;k vHkkoh ladYi lq)k iw.kZ gksr

ulrkr- QDr ladYi djhr jkg.kkÚ;k fu:|ksxh O;fDryk R;k vkG’kh O;fDrizek.ksp

EgVY;k tkbZy tks leksj vlysY;k vkaC;kyk rksaMkr Vkd.;kpk iz;Ru lq)k djhr ukgh

vkf.k QDr bPNsusp vkaC;kpk Lokn ?ks.;kph vkdka{kk Bsohr vlrks-

ladYiklkscr ‘kfDryk tksM.ks Eg.kts ,d dyk vkgs vkf.k ;kr Qkjp deh

yksda ikjaxr vlrkr- ;kps dkj.k ifjJe o iz;Rukaizrh fujis{k gks.ks vkgs- okLro rj

gsp vkgs dh R;kp bPNk iw.kZ gksr vlrkr] T;kaP;klkscr leFkZ iz;Ru lq)k tqGysys

vlrhy- bFks ‘kfDrpk vFkZ] mÌs’;kafo”k;h vlysY;k n`< fu”Bs’kh vkf.k R;kyk iw.kZ

dj.;kdfjrk ekxkZr ;s.kkÚ;k vMp.kha’kh la?k”kZ dj.kkÚ;k eukscG o lkglk’kh vkgs-

R;kf’kok; ladYi gs d/khp ‘kDrh cur ulrkr] tjh R;k}kjs dYiusps ykMw [kkYY;k

tkr vlrhy-

mi;qDr o Js”B ntkZph lk/kus tqGfo.;klkBh yksd okV c?kr jkgrkr vkf.k

egRokP;k dk;kZph lq#okr djrsosGh gk fopkj djhr jkgrkr dh vko’;d lk/kus tsOgk

tek gksrhy rsOgkp R;k dk;kZph lq:okr vkEgh d#- ;ksX; lk/kus tek gks.;kph okV

c?kr jkgk.ks] gs ;kp laHkkousyk n’kZfors dh rs dk;Z Hkfo”;kr dnkfprp lq: gksbZy-

dkekpk fopkj djhr jkg.;kis{kk R;k dkekph lq:okr dj.;kph vko’;drk tkLr

vkgs- LoYi lk/kukae/;s lq)k izcG lkglk}kjs eksBeksBs egRokps dk;Z laiUu dsys tkÅ

‘kdrkr- v’kk çdkjP;k mnkgj.kkauh bfrgklkph vl[a; i`”Ba Hkjysyh vkgsr-

vkf’k;k [kaMkP;k lHkksorky vl.kkÚ;k leqnzkph ykach&:anh T;k dkGkr gtkjks

eSy ekuY;k tkr gksrh vkf.k R;k lkxjkyk ikj dj.ks vlaHko letY;k tkr gksrs]

R;kp dkGkr 18 o”kkZP;k dksyEclph dYiuk vesfjdsi;Zr tkÅu iksgkspyh gksrh- ijarq

,dVk O;Drh dj.kkj rjh dk;\ dq.kh enr dj.kkjs rj gosr uk\ iksrqZxhtkauh R;kyk

[kksVs vk’oklu nsÅu R;ktoGhy udk’ks pks:u ?ksrys- v’kk okbZV ifjfLFkrhr

Lor%P;k cqf)us dke ?ksr dksyEclus vesfjdsyk ‘kks/kwu dk<ys o rsFki;Zar tk.;kpk

fu’p; dsyk- ;kr vusd /kksds vlwu lq)k R;kpk egRokdka{kh ladYi dqBsp vMyk

ukgh- ‘ksoVh R;k egk[k.Mki;Zar iksgksp.;kpk ekxZ R;kus ‘kks/kwu dk<ykp] tks R;k

  18  

vk/khi;Zar lokZlkBh vKkr gksrk- v’kk lkglh o cqf)eku euq”;kus ykoysyk ‘kks/k

;qxk&;qxki;Zar lokZaP;k y{kkr jkghy-

l a;e Eg.kt s ‘k fDrpk ln qi;k sx

euq”;kyk brj izk.;kis{kk Qkj tkLr Js”B foHkwrh feGkysY;k vkgsr- ‘kfDrP;k

vuar L=ksrk’kh lq)k R;kpk laca/k v’kk izdkjs tqGysyk vkgs dh rks vkiY;k

vko’;drsuqlkj] ikfgts rsOgk R;k ‘kDrh L=ksrkdMwu vfrfjDr ‘kfDryk izkIr d:u

?ksÅ ‘kdrks- euq”; gk ‘kkjhfjd n`f”Vus nqlÚ;k vusd izk.;kais{kk detksj vlwu lq)k

v’kh lk/kus fodflr dj.;kr ;’kLoh >kyk vkgs dh R;kyk ;k txkpk ,dN=

lezkVp Eg.krk ;sbZy- ;k txkr ,dhdMs vHkkoxzLr] v’kDr o vKkuh yksd HkjelkV

izek.kkr fnlwu ;srkr rj nwljhdMs vls egkiq:”k] lq)k >kys vkgsr] T;kauh Lor%P;k

izfrHksP;k cGkoj ;k txkyk ,dkis{kk&,d eksBs vuqnku fnys vkgsr- vkeP;k

lHkksorky foKkukps ts dkgh peRdkj fnlwu ;srkr] rs loZ R;k egkiq:”kkaphp nsu

vkgsr] T;kauh Lor%P;k foHkwfrpk mi;ksx d:u R;kauk ,dk fo’ks”k fn’kse/;s fu;ksftr

dsys- v’kk fopkj’khy O;Drh lq)k >kysY;k vkgsr] T;kauh lEiw.kZ lektkP;k

fparuizokgkyk ,dk uO;k fn’ksr oGfoys vkf.k Lor%e/;s v’kk fopkj ‘kfDryk

,df=r dsys dh nqljh vla[; yksda lq/nk R;kP;k vuq:i fopkj d: ykxyhr-

izfrHkkoku o ew[kZ v’kk nksUgh izdkjP;k O;fDaruh gk lalkj Hkjysyk vkgs- ,dhdMs vls

O;fDreRo vkgsr ts vkiY;k ‘kfDr}kjs lEiw.kZ lektkP;k leL;sps lek/kku d:

‘kdrkr rj nqljhdMs vls yksda lq)k vkgsr ts Lor%P;k lkekU;’kk vMp.khyk lq)k

nwj d: ‘kdr ukgh-

vkrk gk iz’u fuekZ.k gksrks dh R;k l`”Vh fuekZR;kus yksdkauk v’kk izdkjP;k

‘kDrh iznku djrkauk dkgh i{kikr rj dsyk ukgh uka \ ;kaps mÙkj ukgh vlsp jkghy]

dkj.k R;kus lokZauk lkj[;kp ‘kDrh iznku dsY;k vkgsr vkf.k R;kpk ykHk

mBfo.;klkBh izR;sdklkBh ekxZ eksdGs d:u Bsoys vkgsr- R;kus izR;sdkyk gh la/kh

çnku dsyh vkgs dh R;kus R;k ‘kfDrpk mi;ksx Lor%lkBh rlsp lektklkBh lq/nk

djkok- egkiq:”k gs lq)k vR;ar foijhr ifjfLFkrhrwu iq<s vkys vkgsr vkf.k egku

dk;Z dj.;kr ;’kLoh >kys vkgsr- ;k ;’kkpk vk/kkj R;kauk miyC/k vlysY;k

‘kfDrpk bfPNr fn’ksr dsysyk lnqi;ksxp vkgs- R;k ‘kDrh izR;sdklkBh miyC/k

vkgsr] ijarq vkEgh nksu dkj.kkaeqGs R;kpk ykHk mpyw ‘kdr ukgh-

  19  

;kps ifgys dkj.k gs vkgs dh euq”; R;k ‘kfDrauk vuko’;d o vuqi;qDr

dkekae/;s [kpZ d:u Vkdrks- ;keqGs R;kapk mi;ksx vko’;d o mfpr dk;kZe/;s gksr

ukgh- vkeP;k toGhy e;kZfnr lk/kuka}kjs ftrds ‘kD; gksbZy frrds vko’;d dk;Z

laié dsY;kuarj f’kYyd vlysY;k dk;kZdfjrk vfrfjDr lk/kus feGfoY;k tkÅ

‘kdrkr] ijarq e;kZfnr lk/kukauk vuko’;d dkekae/;s [kpZ dsY;kl rh lk/kus rj u”V

gksrhyp] R;kf’kok; R;kauk izkIr dj.;kpk Hkfo”;krhy óksr lq)k can gksÅu tkbZy-

mnkgj.kkFkZ] ,[kk|k ;ksX; O;Drhyk ,[kknk O;olk; fdaok m|ksxkph lq:okr djk;ph

vlsy vkf.k R;kph gh ;kstuk Bhd vlsy rj R;klkBh ykx.kkÚ;k HkkaMoykph O;oLFkk

dks.kR;kuk dks.kR;k ekxkZus iw.kZ gksÅ ‘kdrs- ;kdfjrk ,[kk|k ‘kkldh; fdaok fcxj

’kkldh; laLFksph enr R;kyk feGw ‘kdrs ijarq R;k HkkaMoyhyk tj etk&ekSt

dj.;klkBh [kpZ dj.;kph R;kph bPNk vlsy rj R;kyk enr dj.;klkBh dq.khgh

r;kj gks.kkj ukgh- vkf.k ;keqGs R;kps toGps HkkaMoy lq)k laiwu tkbZy- vkEgkyk

miyC/k vlysY;k ‘kfDrauk tsOgk vkEgh vuqfpr dkekae/;s [kpZ djrks] rsOgk

nqlÚ;kadMwu enr feGfo.;kP;k ik=rsyk xekowu clrks vkf.k R;keqGs vkeP;klkBh

cká enrhpk óksr lq)k iw.kZius can gksÅu tkrks- Lor%P;k ‘kfDariklwu ykHk mpyw u

‘kd.;kps nqljs dkj.k] R;k ‘kfDaruk ;ksX; fn’ksr mi;ksxkr u vk.k.ks vkgs- gok tsOgk

,[kk|k HkkaMîkkr tek gksrs] rsOgk R;kapk mi;ksx djkokp ykxrks] ukghrj rs HkkaMs QqVw

‘kdrs o ,[kkns eksBs uqdlku lq)k gksÅ ‘kdrs- ik.;kpk xq.k okgr jkgk.ks vkgs- tj

rks izokg vfu;af=r >kyk rj R;k}kjs lq/nk eksBs uqdlku gksÅ ‘kdrs- ikolkP;k

ik.;kpk vfu;af=r izokg Eg.ktsp egkiwj gks;- rkRi;Z gsp dh miyC/k vlysY;k

‘kfDryk ;ksX; fn’ksr mi;ksxkr vk.kwup R;kiklwu [kjk ykHk ?ksrY;k tkÅ ‘kdrks-

miyC/k ‘kfDarpk viO;; gksÅ u nsrk R;kyk dY;k.kizn dk;kZe/;s yko.;kps

ukops la;e vkgs- fo}ku yksdkauh o egkiq:”kkauh la;ekyk thoukps vko’;d vax

ekuys vkgs- vkti;Zar la;ekP;k ,dkaxh vFkkZykp letY;k xsys vkgs- rks vFkZ Eg.kts

‘kfDrP;k izokgkyk jksd.ks- ‘kfDrP;k izokgkyk vMfoY;k rj xsys ijarq R;kpk ;ksX;

mi;ksx dsY;k xsyk ukgh rj R;kiklwu ykHk gks.;k,soth uqdlkup gksbZy- u|kaps ik.kh

ca/kkjs cka/kwu vMfoY;k xsys ijarq R;kpk mi;ksx flapuklkBh fdaok fo|qr cufo.;klkBh

dsY;k xsyk ukgh rj rs ,df=r >kysys ik.kh fouk’kp mRié djsy- la;ekpk vFkZ

vkiY;k ‘kfDr&izokgkyk fujFkZd o uqdlkunk;d fn’ksr tk.;kl jks[kwu R;kyk lkFkZd

o dY;k.kizn fn’kse/;s yko.ks vkgs- ;k LrjkP;k la;ekyk fl) dj.;klkBh ts dkgh

iz;Ru dsY;k tkrhy] rs vkeP;k O;fDreRokyk mR—“V o rstLohp cufor tkrhy-

  20  

o sG spk ln qi;k sx

euq”;kyk bZ’ojkus fnysyh loksZ—“V laink Eg.kts osG gks;- osG gh txkrhy

lokZr ekSY;oku laink vkgs] gh rh ekSY;oku laiÙkh vkgs] T;kP;k cGkoj txkrhy

dks.krsgh ;’k vkEgh izkIr d: ‘kdrks- osGspk lnqi;ksx dj.kkÚ;k O;Drh d/khgh

v;’kLoh gksÅ ‘kdr ukgh- ifjJekusp ;’k feGr vlrs] vls EgVY;k tkrs- ijarq

ifjJekpk vFkZ lq)k osGspk lnqi;ksx dj.ks gkp vkgs-

euq”; fdrhgh ifjJeh dka vlks] ijarq tj R;kus ifjJeklkscr osGspk rkGesG

clfoyk ukgh rj fuf’prp R;kps Je] ,drj fu”QG gksbZy fdaok rs visf{kr QG

nsÅ ‘kd.kkj ukgh- ,[kknk ‘ksrdjh ifjJeh vkgs] ijarq tj rks vkiY;k Jekpk ;ksX;

osGh mi;ksx djhr ulsy rj rks R;kpk iwjsiwj ykHk ?ksÅ ‘kdr ukgh- vosGh isjysys ch

ok;k tkr vlrs- vosGh ukaxjysys ‘ksr vkiY;k lqihdrsyk izdV djhr ukgh] rlsp

vosGh dkiysys ihd lq)k u”V gksr vlrs- ,dk fuf’pr osGsoj u dsysys] ifjJekps

dks.krsgh o fdrhgh dk;Z gs R;k dkekyk ;’kLoh gksÅ nsr ukgh-

fulxkZrhy izR;sd dk;Z gs ,dk fuf’pr osGsoj fu;feri.ks gksr vlrkr-

osGsoj mUgkGk] osGsoj ikolkGk] fgokGk vkf.k osGsojp olar _rq ;sÅu

o`{k&ouLifrauk Qqyfor vlrks- izÑfrP;k ;k Øeke/;s FkksMkgh cny >kyk rj vusd

vMp.khauk lkeksjs tkos ykxrs- osGsps ikyu dj.ks gk bZ’ojh; fu;ekrhy lokZr

egRokpk o eq[; fu;e vkgs-

euq”;kpk osG] eukph ,dkxzrk o ‘kkjhfjd ifjJe T;k fn’ksus ykxsy] frFks rs

peRdkj mRié djsy- txkrhy loZ egkiq:”kkaps eq[; oSf’k”B~; gsp jkfgys vkgs dh

R;kauh vkiY;k thoukrhy ,dk&,dk {k.kkyk dkeke/;s lrr ykowu Bsoys vkf.k rs

lq)k iw.kZ vkoMhus o Je’khyrsus- thoukP;k ;k jhrhyk th O;Drh Lohdkjsy vkf.k

vkiY;k thoukP;k fn’ksyk fu/kkZfjr djsy] rh izR;sd {ks=kr ;’kkps Åap f’k[kj

lgti.ks xkBw ‘kdrs- euq”;kP;k lkeF;kZapk dqBs varp ukgh ijarq ;kr eq[; vMp.k gh

vkgs dh rs lkeF;Z loZ= vLrkO;Lri.ks fo[kqjysys vkgs- R;kaps ,dhdj.k vFkok

dsUnzhdj.k tks dks.kh djsy] rks vkiY;k izp.M ‘kfDrpk ifjp; lgti.ks nsÅ ‘kdsy-

;kstukc) jhrhus dk;kZps fu/kkZj.k d:u o R;kpk rRijrsus fuokZg d:up fo}ku

yksda Hkjiwj ;’k feGfor vlrkr- osG gh bZ’ojkus euq”;kyk fnysyh loksZRÑ”B laink

vkgs- R;kyk iw.kZ ,dkxzrsus Jeke/;s fu;ksftr d:up fofHké izdkjP;k laink o foHkwrh

  21  

izkIr dsY;k tkÅ ‘kdrkr- tks osGsyk u”V djrks] rks vkiY;k Lor%P;k thoukykp

u”V djhr vkgs] vls EgVY;k tkrs- dks.k] fdrh fnol txyk] ;kps eksteki R;kP;k

vk;q”;kps fnol ekstwu ukgh rj R;kus vkiY;k osGspk mi;ksx dks.kR;k egRoiw.kZ

iz;kstukalkBh dsyk] ;k vk/kkjsp Ogk;yk gos- osGsps [kjs iqtkjh ,d {k.k lq)k fujFkZd

u”V gksÅ nsr ukghr- rs vkiY;k ,dk&,dk {k.kkyk fgÚ;k&eksR;kus ekst.;k;ksX;

ekSY;oku cuowu R;kpk lnqi;ksx djrkr vkf.k ;’k o Js;kps vf/kdkjh curkr-

,dk J)kGw lkodkjkus ,dk egkRE;kyk fopkjys & ^izHkks ! Js”B dkeke/;s

osGsyk yko.ks rj vko’;d vkgs ijarq tj osG ulsy rj dk; djkos \* vkpk;Z Fkêsus

glr Eg.kkys & ^eyk vkti;Zar ,dgh O;Drh vlk feGkyk ukgh] T;kyk ijesÜojkus

24 rklkis{kk ,d {k.k lq)k deh fnyk vlsy- rsOgk osGsP;k deh‘kh vkiyk vFkZ

dk; vkgs\*

;k mRrjkus lkodkj yfTtr gksÅu pwi clysr- vkpk;Z iqUgk Eg.kkys & ^

T;kyk rqEgh osGsph deh Eg.krk] oLrqr% rh osGsph deh uOgs] rj osGsph vO;oLFkk

vkgs- ;k dkj.kkeqGsp osG vuqi;ksxh dk;k±e/;s [kphZ gksr vlrks] mi;ksxh dk;k±lkBh

rks jkgrp ukgh- ts osGspk lnqi;ksx d# ‘kdr ukgh] rs thou txr ukgh rj R;kyk

dls rjh dk<wu u”V djhr vlrkr- dks.k fdrh o”ksZ txyk] ;kyk thou Eg.krk ;sr

ukgh( rj dks.kh fdrh osGspk lnqi;ksx dsyk] ghp thoukph [kjh ykach vkgs-*

osGsyk u”V dj.;kpk vFkZ vkgs & vkiY;k thoukyk u”V dj.ks- thoukps ts

{k.k euq”; vkGlkr fdaok cslko/ki.kke/;s ?kkyforkr] rs {k.k d/khp ijr ;sr

ulrkr- thou:ih isY;krhy osGsph ftrdh Fksaca [kkyh iMrkr] isyk frrdkp fjdkek

gksÅu tkrks- isY;kph rh fjDrrk iqUgk dks.kR;kgh izdkjs Hkjrk ;sr ukgh- euq”; gk

thoukrhy ftrD;k {k.kkyk u”V djrks] frrD;k {k.kkae/;s rks brds eksBs dke d:

‘kdyk vlrk] dh gh deh R;kyk iqUgk dks.kR;kgh izdkjs iw.kZ djrk ;sr ukgh-

thoukpk izR;sd {k.k ,dk mTToy Hkfo”;kP;k laHkkousyk ?ksÅu ;sr vlrks-

;kiSdh dks.krkgh {k.k ,dk egku oG.kkpk vlw ‘kdrks- euq”; fuf’pri.ks gs lkaxw

‘kdr ukgh dh T;k osGsyk fdaok T;k {k.kkyk rks vlkp O;FkZi.ks u”V djhr vkgs]

rksp {k.k fdaok rksp osG R;kP;k HkkX;ksn;kpk osG rj ukgh uka \ ‘kD; vkgs dh T;k

{k.kkyk vkEgh O;FkZ letwu u”V djhr vkgksr] rksp {k.k vkeP;k >ksGh e/;s lqanj

lkSHkkX;kyk Vkd.kkjk vlsy-

  22  

lok±P;k vk;q”;kr ifjorZu ?kMowu vk.k.kkjs {k.k fuf’pri.ks ;sr vlrkr- ijarq

euq”; gk R;kP;k vkxeukfo”k;h vK vlrks- Eg.kwup izR;sd cqf)oku euq”; thoukrhy

izR;sd {k.kkyk ekSY;oku letwu R;kyk O;FkZ tkÅ nsr ukghr- ;keqGs fuf’prp rks

{k.k lq)k R;kP;k gkrkrwu lqVw ‘kdr ukgh] tks thoukr mi;qDr ifjorZu ?kMowu

vk.k.kkjk vlsy- vkG’kh O;Drh gh cgq/kk ,[kk|k mi;qDr la/khph okV c?krk&c?krk

vkiys laiw.kZ vk;q”; xekowu clrs vkf.k ‘ksoVh fryk d/khgh rh mi;qDr la/kh ykHkr

ukgh- cslko/ki.kkP;k u’kse/;s rh gk fopkjgh d: ‘kdr ukgh dh thoukpk izR;sd

{k.k Eg.kts ,d Lo.khZe la/kh vkgs] th v’khp ‘kkari.ks ;sr vlrs vkf.k udGr fu?kwu

lq)k tkrs- tksi;Zaar R;k {k.kkpk lnqi;ksx d:u R;kyk ikj[kY;k tk.kkj ukgh] rksi;Zaar

fuf’pri.ks gs dls Eg.krk ;sbZy dh veqd osG Eg.ktsp rh mi;qDr la/kh ukgh-

izR;sd euq”;kus osGsP;k NksVîkk&NksVîkk {k.kkps ewY; o egRo letk;yk gos-

vk;q”;kpk dkG gk e;kZfnr vkgs vkf.k dke cjsp ckdh iMysys vkgs- osGsyk pwdfo.ks

vkEgkyk i’pkrki dj.;kl Hkkx ikMrs- T;kauk thoukr dkgh egRokps dk;Z djko;kps

vlsy] R;kauh rj vkiY;k dks.kR;kgh dkekyk pqdqugh m|koj VkGw u;s- T;k dkekyk

vkt djk;yk gos] R;kyk vktp djkos- vktP;k dkekdfjrk vktpkp fnol fuf’pr

dsysyk vkgs rj m|kpk dkekdfjrk m|kpk fnol- vktps dke m|koj VkGY;kus m|kps

dke nqiVhus ok<wu tkbZy] ts fuf’prp m|kP;k osGsr iw.kZ gksÅ ‘kd.kkj ukgh- v’kk

izdkjs vktps m|koj vkf.k m|kps dke ijokoj <dyY;kl dke brds tkLr ok<wu

tkbZy dh rs ex dks.kR;kgh izdkjs iw.kZ dsY;k tkÅ ‘kd.kkj ukgh- T;k VkGkVkGhP;k

LoHkkokus o nh?kZlw=h ekufldrsus vktps dke vkt >kys ukgh] rs m|k gksbZy vls

Eg.krkp ;sr ukgh- VkGkVkG gh VkGkVkGhyk rj fØ;k gh fØ;syk izksRlkfgr djhr

vlrs- gk izÑfrpk ,d fuf’pr vlk fu;e vkgs- m|kP;k dkekpk ncko gk R;k

dkekyk dls rjh jMr&iMrp iw.kZ djhr vlrks- ;keqGs euq”;kph lo; rj fc?kMrsp

vkf.k R;kpk okbZV izHkko uO;k dkekaoj lq)k iMrks- v’kk izdkjs VkGkVkGhpk LoHkko

gk euq”;kP;k vkoMhyk o n{krsyk u”V d:u lksMrks- ;k nksUgh oSf’k”V~;kus jfgr

vlysyh O;Drh drZO; o ifjJekps Hkjiwj ewY; pqdowugh visf{kr ykHk izkIr dj.;kr

vi;’khp Bjrs-

thoukr ;’kLoh gks.;klkBh T;kizek.ks ifjJe o iq#”kkFkkZph vfuok;Z

vko’;drk vkgs] R;kp izek.ks osGse/;s lkaetL; LFkkfir dj.ks] R;kis{kkgh tkLr

vko’;d vkgs- T;k osGsyk u”V dsY;k tkrs] R;k osGsr dj.;kr ;s.kkjs fu/kkZfjr Je

  23  

lq)k u”V gksÅu tkrs- Je gs rsOgkp laiÙkh cur vlrs] tsOgk R;kyk ;ksX; osGse/;s

dsY;k tkrs vkf.k osG gh lainsP;k #ikus rsOgkp laiUurk o ;’kkyk Lor%dMs [kspwu

vk.kw ‘kdrs] tsOgk R;kpk Jeklkscr lnqi;ksx dsY;k tkrks- osGspk lnqi;ksx dj.kkjs gs

LokHkkfodi.ks ifjJeh cuwu tkrkr tsOgk dh vosGh ifjJe dj.kkÚ;kaph vkG’kh

O;fDarP;k Js.kh e/;sp x.kuk gksr vlrs-

osGspk lnqi;ksx dj.ks gsp [kjs Je vkgs- vkGl o cslko/ki.kke/;s vkEgh

cjkp osG xekfor vlrks] vkEgh fnolHkjkP;k dkekoj n`”Vh Vkdwu] tj R;kps

fo’ys”k.k dsys rj y{kkr ;sbZy dh vkepk vf/kdka’k osG gk ,d rj vkGlkr]

vkjke dj.;kr fdaok xIik vkf.k csdkjph cMcM dj.;kr u”V >kysyk vkgs- R;k

fjdkE;k osGspk lnqi;ksx d:u vkEgh Lor%P;k ;ksX;rsyk o {kersyk ok<ow ‘kdyks

vlrks- rRij o LQwfrZoku euq”; ,dk rklkr oj.k iksGh cuowu o [kkÅu fuf’apr

gksÅ ‘kdrks] ijarq vkG’kh o lqLr O;Drh R;kp dkekyk vO;ofLFkri.ks d:u

vkiY;k v/;kZ fnolkyk u”V d:u Vkdrs- loZlkekU; yksda gs vlsp lqLrko.;kr]

MqyD;k ekj.;kr] o NksV;k&NksV;k dkekr vkiyk laiw.kZ osG u”V djhr vlrkr-

tsOgk dh rRij] rjrjhr o osGsph fdaer let.kkjk euq”; frrD;kp osGsr ngk iV

dke d:u ?ksrks-

izslhMsaV vczkge fyadu ;kaP;k fe=kauh R;kauk lYyk fnyk & ^vki.k vkrk Qkj

Egkrkjs >kys vkgkr] Eg.kwu dkekps rkl FkksMs deh d:u ?;kosr-* fyadu glys o

Eg.kkys & ^egk’k;] pkaxyh dkes dj.;kdfjrk ;k ifjiDo voLFksis{kk pkaxyk osG

vk.k[kh dks.krk vl.kkj\ vls Eg.kwu R;kauh vkiY;k lfpokyk cksykfoys vkf.k

dkekP;k rklkr ,dk rklkph ok< iqUgk d:u ?ksryh-*

osGsP;k la;ekpk [kjk ykHk R;kaukp feGr vlrks ts Lor%ph ,d fu;fer

fnup;kZ cuowu ?ksrkr vkf.k fu;feri.ks lrr R;k Øekoj pkyr jkg.;kpk ladYi

?ksÅu R;kyk iw.kZ djrkr- ,dk fnolkr ,d iko rwi ihys o efg.kkHkj FkksMsgh ?ksrys

ukgh] ,adk fnolkr ‘kaHkj&nksu’ks naM&cSBdk ekjY;k vkf.k ia/kjk&ohl fnoli;Zar

O;k;kekps ukogh ?ksrys ukgh- rj R;k Hkjrh&vksgkVh lkj[;k mRlkgkpk ifj.kkep dk;

fu?k.kkj\ ,dk fuf’pr osGsoj dke dsY;kus vareZukyk R;kp osGsoj rsp dke

dj.;kph lo; lq/nk iMrs vkf.k r’kh bPNk lq/nk fuekZ.k gksrs- pgk] flxjsV lkj[;k

u’ksyk yksda fu;feri.ks djrkr- ;keqGs R;kauk R;k fuf’pr osGsoj rs inkFkZ ?ks.;kph

bPNk mRiUu gksrs vkf.k rks u’kk u feGkY;kl rs cspSu gksrkr- ;kpizek.ks ,dk fuf’pr

  24  

osGsoj ,[kkns dke dj.;kph lo; Vkd.;kr vkyh vlsy rj R;k osGsoj rsp dke

dj.;kph bPNk eukr mRiUu gksbZy] R;k dkekr eu ykxsy o rs O;ofLFkri.ks iw.kZ

lq)k gksbZy- ean xrhus pky.kkÚ;k dklokus osxoku ijarq {kf.kd mRlkgh vlysY;k

l’kkyk gjfoY;kph xks”V fu;fer o fujarj dke dj.kkÚ;kaoj v{kj’k% ykxw iMrs-

eancq/nh o LoYi lk/kus vl.kkÚ;k dkfynklka lkj[;k yksdkauh ,dk Bjkfod dk;kZr

,dkxz gksÅu o fu;feri.ks lrr dke djhr jkg.;kpk Øe cuowu izdk.M fo}ku o

doh cu.;kr ;’k izkIr dsys gksrs- v’kk izdkjps ;’k dq.khgh izkIr d: ‘kdrks- ;kr

tknw&peRdkjklkj[kh dkghp xks”V ukgh- gk rj QDr O;ofLFkr o fu;feri.ks vkf.k

iw.kZ ,dkxzrsus Øec) dke dj.;kpkp ifj.kke vkgs- ;k ekxkZyk dq.khgh Lohdkj d:

‘kdrks vkf.k mUurhP;k f’k[kjkoj iksgpw ‘kdrks-

loZlkekU;i.ks ‘kkGk&dkWystlkBh 6 rkl] >ksi.;klkBh 8 rkl] fuR;

dekZdfjrk 2 rkl ekuY;k xsys rjh ,dw.k 17 rkl gksrkr- 24 rklkrwu 17 rkl

dk<Y;kl 7 rkl rfjlq)k okprkr- gk osG toGikl ,dk dk;Z fnolkP;k cjkscj

vkgs- ;k 7 rklkr dq.kkph bPNk vlY;kl R;kP;k vkoMhP;k dks.kR;kgh fo”k;ke/;s

ykxwu vis{ksis{kk tkLr ;’k izkIr djrk ;srs ijarq ;kdfjrk vV ,dp vkgs dh R;k

O;fDrph R;k fo”k;kr vkoM vlkoh vkf.k vkiY;k osGsyk R;kr fu;feri.ks

yko.;kpk R;kpk n`< ladYi vlkok-

lokZdMsp 24 rklkpk osG vlrks- vkiY;k vYi’kk osGsyk O;FkZ xekfo.;kyk

T;k O;Drh Qkj eksBs uqdlku letwu] R;kpk lnqi;ksx djrkr] rs vk’p;Ztud

izek.kkr ykHk izkIr djhr vlrkr- loM ul.;kpk cgkuk gk rj dkeke/;s vkoM

ulY;keqGs gksr vlrks- ftFks n`< bPNk vkgs frFks ekxZ lq)k feGrksp-

vkEgh thoukpk mRd”kZ lk/kukÚ;k egRokP;k dk;kZe/;s vkoM mRiUu dsyh rj

R;kdfjrk osGsph deh vkEgkyk Hkkl.kkj ukgh- fu;feri.kk o lqO;oLFksus Hkjysyh

fnup;kZ cuowu dq.khgh osGspk lnqi;ksx d# ‘kdrks o vkiY;k bfPNr fn’kse/;s

vk’p;Ztud izxrh d#u nk[kow ‘kdrks- ijarq R;kus cufoysyh gh fnup;kZ nwjn`f”Viw.kZ

o O;kogkfjd vlkoh] ,[kk|k xiksM’ka[kklkj[kh rh cukoVh o dkYifud ulkoh- nSoh

lainspk nq:i;ksx dj.ks gs [kjs c?krk Hkxoarkyk ukjkt d:u R;kpk ‘kki Lor%oj

vks<wu ?ks.;klkj[ks vkgs-

thoukpk vFkZ vkgs & ^osG*- T;k O;fDr vkiY;k thouk’kh izse djrkr]

R;kauh vkiyk ,d {k.k lq)k O;FkZ xekow u;s-

  25  

vuq’k klu o fu;ferrk

thoukrhy loZ O;ogkjkauk fu;af=r o O;ofLFkr Bso.ks vkf.k R;kauk ekuoh;

vkn’kkZaP;k ifj?kke/;s dsfUnzr dj.ks ;kykp vuq’kklu EgVY;k tkrs- vuq’kklu gh

thou tx.;kph ,d v’kh lqfuf’pr o fu;fer i)r vkgs dh T;ke/;s euq”;kps

jkg.kheku] R;kps [kk.ks&fi.ks] okx.kwd] okrkZyki] dke dj.ks gs loZ O;ofLFkr o

lkSn;Ziw.kZ vlrs- gh thou tx.;kph v’kh dykRed i)r vkgs dh T;k}kjs thoukP;k

udk’kkrhy izR;sd iSywyk o jax&:ikyk vkiY;k ;ksX; LFkkukoj fp=hr dsY;k tkrs

vkf.k R;kr ekuoh; xq.kkapk o vkn’kkZapk lqanj jax HkjY;k tkrks- ;keqGsp R;krhy

foy{k.krk pgqdMs il: ykxrs-

xka/khathP;k vkJekr d/kh&d/kh R;akP;k eqykaP;k eqyh lq)k ;sr vlr- R;k

vkJekr ftrds fnol Fkkacr] frrD;k fnolkP;k [kpkZps chy cuowu R;kaP;k

ofMykadMs ikBfoY;k tkr vls- vkJekpk iSlk lkoZtfud dkekae/;sp [kpZ gksr vls-

dks.kR;kgh O;fDrP;k oS;fDrd dkeklkBh ,d iSlk lq)k [kphZ iMr uls- xka/khth] gs

leFkZ fczVh’k ‘kklukpk izpaM fojks/k dj.;kr rsOgkp ;’kLoh gksÅ ‘kdys] tsOgk R;kaP;k

ekxs vuq’kkflr Lo;alsodkaph Qkj eksBh la[;k gksrh- R;kaP;k fot;kps gsp ,dek=

jgL; gksrs-

loZ izdkjph mUurh] izxrh] ;’k o fodklkdfjrk vuq’kkflr thou tx.;kph

Qkj vko’;drk vkgs- vuq’kklughurseqGs vi;’kkf’kok; nwljs dkghp izkIr gksr ukgh-

ekuoh LoHkkokP;k ,dk vko’;d vaxkP;k :ikus vuq’kklu gs izR;sd osGh o izR;sd

ifjfLFkrhr vkf.k izR;sd O;fDrdfjrk vko’;d vkgs- vuq’kklukpk euq”;kP;k

vkarfjd o cká thouk’kh ?kfu”V laca/k vkgs-

vuq’kklughurseqGs euq”;kP;k vkarfjd thoukr o R;keqGs cká thoukr lq/nk

vO;oLFkk ektrs vkf.k ;keqGs ekuoh ‘kDrhe/;s ijLij la?k”kZ fuekZ.k gksrks- rs

vkikilkr fHkMw ykxrkr- jLR;koj pky.kkjh] Vkaxs] eksVj] lk;dy] fjD’ks] LdwVj] xkMh

bR;knh loZ izdkjph okgua tj vO;ofLFkri.ks o dk;|kps mYya?ku d#u pkyw ykxY;k

rj ijLijkae/;s rh Vdjkorhy o R;keqGs nq?kZVukp gksbZy- ;kpizek.ks thoukrhy

vla[; lw{e o LFkwy iSywe/;s vO;oLFkk iljY;kl rs vkilkr Vdjkorhy vkf.k

;keqGs thoukrhy fofo/k {ks=kr R;k O;fDryk ijkHkokpk lkeuk djkok ykxsy] ifj.kke

Lo:i R;kP;k thoukr v’kkarrk o cspSuhp ok<sy- euq”;kyk vkiY;k thoukr ‘kkarrk]

izlUurk o larq”Vh gha R;kp fLFkrhe/;s feGr vlrs tsOgk rks vkiY;k y{;kdMs lrr

  26  

izxrh djhr tkrks vkf.k R;kph gh fodkl&;k=k lrr lq: jkgrs ;keqGs R;kP;k

thoukrhy loZ iSywapk LoLFk fodkl gksr tkrks- ijarq gh loZ miyC/kh vuq’kkflr

thoukrp ‘kD; vkgs- vuq’kklukeqGs dks.kR;kgh dk;ZØekr ,d O;oLFkk o xrh mRié

gksrs vkf.k ;keqGs R;kph izxrh gksrs- R;kP;k ekufld ‘kDrh ijLij u Vdjkork la?kfVr

gksÅu iqjksxkeh curkr- T;keqGs izfrdwy ifjfLFkfre/;s lq)k euq”; iq<s ;sÅu ;’kkyk

oj.k djrks- vuq’kkflr thou tx.kkjh O;Drh gh usgeh izlUu o vkuanh vlrs-

R;kaP;k QDr mifLFkfrrsp okrkoj.kkr izlUurspk izokg okgw ykxrks] mRєVrspk lapkj

gksrks vkf.k R;k}kjs pkaxyh dkes vkiksvkip gksÅ ykxrkr-

vuq’kklu nksu izdkjps vlrs- ,d vkarfjd o nwljs cká- vkrafjd vuq’kklu

euq”; Lor%p letr vlrks] rks ;kyk vuqHkorks- tsOgk dh cká vuq’kklu gs

nqlÚ;ka}kjs ykoY;k tkrs- euq”;kus vkarfjd vuq’kklukpk vkJ; ?ksrY;kl R;kyk cká

vuq’kklukph vko’;drkp Hkklr ukgh- eqykauk vkarfjd vuq’kklukps Kku ulY;keqGs

vkbZ&oMhy o f’k{kd R;kyk vuq’kklu f’kdforkr vkf.k ;k vH;klkeqGs eqyxk

vkarfjd vuq’kklukP;k Hkwfedsr iksgkspwu iq<s Lor%p vuq’kkflr jkgw ykxrks-

tsOgk dq.kh O;Drh ,[kkns okbZV dke djrs rsOgk R;k dkekyk lektkP;k

n`”Vhe/;s ;s.;kiklwu rh okpfor vlrs- ;kyk dkj.k gsp vkgs dh rh R;k {kqnz dkekauk

o nq”khr izo`fRrauk lektkP;k fo:) letr vlrs- euq”;kps Js”B deZ] vkn’kZ] ln~xq.k]

o lRizo`Rrh Eg.kts Js”B lektkps :i vkgs- Js”B iq:”kkaP;k vkpkj&fopkjkaP;k vk/kkjsp

lektkps Lo:i Bjr vlrs- pksj] Mkdw] o xqaM yksdkaP;k pkfj«;koj lektkph fufeZrh

gksrkauk d/khp c?k.;kr ;sr ukgh- egkiq:”kkaps thou gs vkarfjd vuq’kklukP;k lk/kusps

,d mRєV mnkgj.k vlrs- Eg.kwu ekuoh lekt lq)k R;kaps vuqdj.k d:u vkiY;k

thoukr vuq’kklu vk.khr vlrkr-

vkarfjd o lkekftd vuq’kklukph xjt lektkr fdrh vfuok;Z vkgs] ;kyk

,dk mnkgj.kk}kjs ,dk ea«;kus vkiY;k jktkyk letkfoys- iztse/;s noaMh fiVfo.;kr

vkyh dh veqd&veqd jktdk;kZdfjrk gtkj ‘ksj nq/kkph vko’;drk vkgs- Eg.kwu

iztsus jk=hP;k osGh vkivkiY;k fg’;kps ,d ,d xMok nw/k vk.kwu eksdGîkk eSnkukr

BsoysY;k d<bZe/;s Vkdkos- osG jk=hph gksrh o frps pkSdhnkjkph O;oLFkk lq)k uOgrh-

;k nksu dkj.kkapk ykHk mpywu iztsus nq/kk,soth ik.kh Vkd.;kl lq:okr dsyh- izR;sdkus

gkp fopkj dsyk dh brD;k vla[; xMos nq/kke/;s vkeP;k ,d xMok ik.;kfo”k;h

dq.kkyk dkgh dG.kkjp ukgh- lokZauh gkp fopkj dsyk vkf.k nqlÚ;k fno’kh d<bZe/;s

  27  

QDr ik.khp ik.kh gksrs- lektke/;s uhfr fu”Bsyk thoar Bso.;klkBh lkekftd

vuq’kklukph fdrh tkLr vko’;drk vkgs] gsp ;k mnkgj.kk}kjs jktkyk letkfo.;kr

vkys-

vkrafjd thoukr dk;Z dj.kkÚ;k lw{e Hkkouk] fopkj o o`Rrhauk ‘kq) dj.ks

vkf.k R;kr larqyu LFkkfir dj.ks] gkp vuq’kklukpk ewG vk/kkj vkgs- lkekftd

vuq’kklu Hkax Ogkos] rqPN eukso`fÙkauk vkEgh Lohdkjkos fdaok dq.kk’kh >xMk&HkkaM.k

djkos v’kh cgq/kk dq.kkphp bPNk ulrs] ijarq dkgh dkj.kkeqGs v’kk dkgh ifjfLFkrh

leksj fuekZ.k gksrkr dh eukojpk rkck lqVrks vkf.k rs v’kk vuqi;qDr xks”Vhae/;s xqarwu

iMrkr- ;k dkj.kkeqGsp thoukr vuq’kklukyk iw.kZr% dk;e Bso.;klkBh vkarfjd

thoukr lq/kkj vk.k.;kph o R;kr vuq’kklu LFkkfir dj.;kph vko’;drk Hkklrs- ;k

dk;kZr] euq”;kyk vuq’kklu f’kdfo.kkÚ;k cká mik;kapk lg;ksx rj uDdhp feGrks

ijarq R;k}kjs laeL;sps iw.kZ lek/kku gksr ukgh- vkRekuq’kklu gkp vkeP;k vUrZcká

v’kk nksUgh thoukr vuq’kklu LFkkfir dj.;kpk ,dek= ekxZ vkgs-

fu;feri.k k

ekuoh izxfrP;k ekxkZrhy vR;ar {kqYyd ijarq Hk;adj letY;k tk.kkjh

vMp.k Eg.kts vfu;ferrsph lo; gks;- loZlk/kkj.ki.ks yksda vLrkO;Lr fnlwu

;srkr- gosP;k >ksrkus bdMs&frdMs mMr tk.kkÚ;k okGysY;k ikukaizek.ks] d/kh bdMs

rj d/kh frdMs] rs mMîkk ekjhr vlrkr- ,d fuf’pr fn’kk ulY;keqGs R;kaps Je o

R;kr ykxysyk osG fujFkZd ok;k tkr jkgrks- vYi {kerk vlysyk dklo ean xrhus

pkyr vkiY;k lrrP;k iz;Rukus lL;k’kh iSt ftadyk gksrk vkf.k vuqfpr izdkjs

mMîkk ekj.kkjk o bdMs&frdMs HkVdr jkg.kkjk llk] tkLr {kerklaiUu vlwu lq)k

gjyk gksrk- ‘kDrh & lkeF;kZaps vkiys ,d osxGs egRo rj vkgsp] ijarq R;kis{kk

tkLr egRo vkiY;ktoGhy lkeF;kZyk ;kstukc) jhrhus vkf.k ,dk Bjkfod

Øekuqlkj lqO;ofLFkri.ks] Js”B mn~ns’;kae/;s fu;ksftr dj.ks lq/nk vkgs- T;k O;Drh

vls d: ‘kdrkr] R;kp Øfed fodklkP;k jktekxkZoj pkyr mUurhP;k map

f’k[kjki;Zar tkÅu iksgksprkr- ts ;k xks”VhadMs y{k nsr ukghr] R;kauk ;ksX;rk o lks;h

miyC/k vlwu lq)k ekxklysY;k ifjfLFkfrrp iMwu jkgkos ykxrs] tsOgk dh lqfu;ksftr

thoup;sZoj pky.kkjs ,dkuarj nwlÚ;k eksB;k f‘kMh oj p<r frFks tkÅu iksgksprkr]

ftFks R;kaph] R;kaP;k nqlÚ;k fe=ka’kh rqyuk dsY;kl vls okVr;a] t.kq ,[kk|k nso

fdaok nkuokusp gk peRdkj d#u nk[kfoyk vkgs- ijarq ;kr okLro rj gsp vkgs dh

  28  

R;k izxfr’khy euq”;kus fu;ferrsyk vkiY;k thoukps vax cufoys vkgs vkf.k vkiyk

osG] Je o fparukyk ,dk fo’ks”k fn’ksusp ladYiiwoZd fu;ksftr dsys vkgs- ;kfo#)

nqHkkZX;kpk Ik’pkÙkki R;kaukp djkok ykxrks] ts ,[kknh eksBh ;kstuk rj cuforkr ijarq

R;koj iw.kZ fu’p;kus pky.ks rj nwjp] Lor%ph ,d O;ofLFkr fnup;kZ cufo.;kph

vko’;drk lq)k rs letr ukgh vkf.k vkiY;k vewY; osGsyk vkGl o

cslko/ki.kkP;k vLrkO;Lrrse/;s vlsp xekohr vlrkr- Eg.krkr uk dh y{; o

ØeO;oLFkk cuowu pky.kkjh eqaxh ioZr f’k[kjki;Zar tkÅu iksgkspr vlrs] rj vkG’kh

o izeknh x:M vlkp bdMs&frdMs vkiys ia[k QMQMfor o fo”Vk djhr vkiys

vk;q”; dk<hr vlrks-

pkaxY;k lo;he/;s lokZr pkaxyh lo; fu;feri.kkph vkgs- osG o dkeke/;s

lkeatL; LFkkfir d:u] o ;kstukc) fnup;kZ cuowu R;koj vk:< gks.;kps ukop

fu;ferrk vkgs- brds ‘kD; >kY;kl euq”;kyk fparu dj.;klkBh ,d fuf’pr fn’kk

feGrs- O;ofLFkri.ks dk;ZØe cuowu pkyY;kus ‘kjhjkyk lq)k R;kr layXu jkg.;kph

bPNk gksrs vkf.k R;kr izkfo.; izkIr gksrs- v’kk izdkjs fopkjiwoZd fuf’pr dsysyk

dk;ZØe gk ljGi.ks o ;’kLohiwoZd laiUu gksr tkrks-

lo;h au k l q / kj fo.k s gkp lok Zr ek sBk ijkØe

fopkj gs euq”;kyk ;ksX; fn’kk iznku djrkr ijarq lkeF;Z gs lo;h}kjsp

euq”;kr ;sr vlrs- ;k lo;h R;kyk ,[kk|k fu/kkZfjr fn’ksr pky.;klkBh QDr

izsj.kkp nsr ukghr rj cjspnk çfrdwy ifjfLFkrhe/;s lq/nk R;k euq”;kyk Lor%uq:i

pky.;klkBh ykpkj d:u lksMrkr- u’kk dj.;klkj[;k lo;h ;kaph mnkgj.ks vkgsr-

lo;h ;k dkgh vklearkrwu vpkudi.ks Vidr ulrkr- fopkjkauk dk;kZfUor djhr

jkg.;kpk lrr vH;kl ghp euq”;kph vkiyh lo; gksÅu clrs- vkf.k ;k vH;klkr

R;kapk ftrdk tkLr osG tkrks] frrdhp rh lo; n`< gksr tkrs- ‘ksoVh euq”;kph xkMh

R;kp :Gko:u ljiVr tkrs- lo;h ;k cufoY;k tkrkr] tjh R;kpk vH;kl

;kstukc) i)frus dsY;k xsyk vlsy fdaok ,[kk|k fo”k;kdMs vlysyk dy]

R;kP;k’kh vlysyk lrr laidZ] rlsp okrkoj.k o ifjfLFkrh bR;knh dkj.kkaeqGs R;k

cur xsY;k vlrhy- ;k lo;h Eg.ktsp euq”;kps okLrfod O;fDreRo o pkfj«;

vlrs- euq”; dlk fopkj djrks\ R;kP;k bPNk & vkdka{kk dk; \ ;kps brds egRo

ukgh] ifj.kke rj R;k O;ogkjkpsp fu?kr vlrkr] ts lo;huq:i fØ;kfUor gksr

  29  

jkgrkr- QG gs dekZuh feGr vlrs vkf.k rs deZ nqlÚ;k dks.kR;kgh dkj.kkais{kk

eq[;r% lo;h}kjsp izsjhr vlrkr-

T;k i)rhus lo;hauk LohdkjY;k tkrs] R;kp ekxkZus R;kauk lksMrk fdaok

cnyfork lq)k ;srs- ek.klkpk dy] laidZ] okrkoj.k o vH;kl bR;kfnauk tj

cnyY;k xsys rj R;keqGs dkgh fnol euq”;kyk =kl gksrks] ijarq ;keqGs R;kP;k lo;h

lq)k fuf’pri.ks cnyrkr] vusdnk izcG eukscykP;k vk/kkjs R;kauk ladYiiwoZd

fdaok ,dk nekr miVwu lq)k Qsdrk ;srs- ijarq v’kh mnkgj.ks Qkjp deh fnlwu ;srkr-

cká okrkoj.kkrhy vuqi;qDrrs’kh y<.;kps rj vusd mik; vkgsr] ijarq vkarfjd

detksjh’kh fudjkpk y<k nsÅu o R;kauk gjowu ek?kkj ?;k;yk yko.ks gs dkgh euLoh

O;fDarlkBhp ‘kD; gksr vlrs- detksj eukps yksda rj ;kauk lksM.;k&idM.;kpk

fdaok iq<s tkÅu iqUgk ekxs gV.;kP;k dqpØke/;sp Qlwu vlrkr vkf.k bfPNr cny

u >kY;kl ;kpk nks”k rs ;k uk R;k O;fDaroj Fkksifor vlrkr- ijarq ;krhy

okLrfodrk rj ghp vkgs dh vkReifj”dkjk dfjrk lRizo`fRrph lo; gks.;klkBh n`<

fu’p;kf’kok; nwljk dks.krkgh ekxZ ukgh- ekxklysi.kk iklwu oj ;s.;kph vkf.k

izxfr’khy thoukyk Lohdkj.;kph T;kaph n`< o [kjh bPNk vkgs] R;kauh vkiY;k

lo;hps i;Zos{k.k djk;yk gos vkf.k R;krhy T;k vuqi;qDr okVrkr R;kauk lksM.;kpk

fdaok cny.;kpk fu’p; djk;yk gok- vkiY;k lkSHkkX;kps fuekZ.k dj.kkÚ;k

izxfr’khy egkiq:”kkaiSdh izR;sdkyk gkp mik; Lohdkjkok ykxyk vkgs-

Lor%P;k vux< lo;hauk lq/kkj.;kps Js; izkIr dj.ks gkp lokZr eksBk ijkØe

vkgs- cká la?k”kkZ’kh y<.;klkBh vkf.k d”V o vMh&vMp.khauk nwj dj.;klkBh nqljs

yksda lq)k enr d: ‘kdrkr vkf.k vuqdwy ifjfLFkfr ykHkY;kl ;kps Js; lq)k feGw

‘kdrs ijarq Lor%P;k vuqi;qDr lo;hauk cnyfo.ks gs QDr vkiY;k Lor%P;k

iq:”kkFkkZojp fuHkZj vlrs Eg.kwup R;kyk izcG ijkØe Eg.k.;kr vkys vkgs vkf.k

v’khp yksda [kÚ;k vFkkZus ‘kwjohj EgVY;k tkrkr-

fopkj ‘k fDryk ifj”Ñr djko s

th O;Drh tlk fopkj o dk;Z djrs] rh O;Drh r’khp cuwu tkrs- euq”;kps

Hkfo”; o R;kpk fodkl ;k nksUgh xks”Vh R;kP;k fopkjkaoj voyacwu vlrkr- ch tls

vlsy] rlsp >kM mxosy- tls fopkj vlrhy] rlsp deZ cusy vkf.k tls deZ

dj.kkj] r’kkp ifjfLFkrh fuekZ.k gksrhy- Eg.kwup EgVY;k xsys vkgs dh euq”; gk

  30  

ifjfLFkrhapk xqyke ukgh rj R;kpk fuekZrk] fu;a=.kdrkZ o Lokeh vkgs- [kjh ‘kDrh gh

lk/kukae/;s ukgh rj R;kP;k fopkjkae/;s nMysyh vkgs-

vls EgVY;k tkrs dh euq”;kP;k HkkX;kpk fg’kksc gk R;kP;k dikGkoj

fyfgysyk vlrks- dikG Eg.kts esanw vkf.k esanw Eg.ktsp fopkj- Eg.kwup euksfoKkukps

vkpk;Z Eg.krkr dh vkeP;k HkkX;kpk vk/kkj gh vkeph fopkji)frp vlw ‘kdrs-

vkeP;k fopkjkaph izsj.kk o fn’kk t’kh vlsy R;k vuq:ip rs fopkj euq”;kdMwu deZ

djowu ?ksrkr Eg.kwup euq”;kyk Lor%P;k HkkX;kpk fuekZrk EgVY;k xsys vkgs-

,d euq”; ,dk xkokyk tkr gksrk- ÅUg o rgkusus O;kdwG >kysyk o Fkdysyk

rks ,dk >kMk[kkyh FkksMk vkjke dj.;kdfjrk vkMok >kyk- iMY;k&iMY;kp R;kus

dYiuk dsyh dh bFks fi.;klkBh ik.kh vlrs rj fdrh cjs >kys vlrs- eukr gk

fopkj ;srkp frFks ik.;kpk >jk QqVwu iMyk o ik.kh fiÅu R;kus vkiyh rgku

Hkkxfoyh- uarj R;kP;k eukr fopkj vkyk dh ;sFks [kk.;klkBh dkgh vlrs rj !

{k.kkrp Lokfn”V iDokarkauh Hkjysys ,d rkV R;kleksj vkys- Hkkstukuarj R;kaus

>ksi.;kph dYiuk dsyh rsOgk ,d uje xk|kapk iyax frFks mifLFkr >kyk- v’kk loZ

?kVukauk c?kwu rks ?kkcjyk vkf.k R;kus fopkj dsyk dh ;sFks dq.kh ek;koh jk{kl rj

ulsy uk\ vlk fopkj eukr ;srkp R;kleksj jk{kl ;sÅu mHkk jkfgyk vkf.k ‘ksoVh gk

eyk [kk.kkj rj ukgh uka\ v’kh dYiuk djrkp jk{klkus R;k ;k=sd:yk [kkÅu QLr

dsys- ;kr okLro rj gsp gksrs dh T;k >kMk[kkyh rks >ksiyk gksrk rks dYio`{kp

gksrk] vkf.k R;kpk eukrhy bPNsyk iw.kZ djhr gksrk- euq”;kps fparu o R;kps eukscG

gs ,d izdkjps dYio`{kp vkgs- R;kpk lnqi;ksx dj.kkjh O;Drh fuf’prp thou

y{;kyk izkIr djhr vlrs-

euq”;kph vkarfjd ‘kDrh o R;kpk iq:”kkFkZ Eg.ktsp R;kps fopkj gks;- ;kyk

T;k y{;koj fu;ksftr dsY;k tkrs- R;kr R;kuq:ip izxrh gksr tkrs o euq”;

vkiY;k mn~ns’kkyk xkB.;kr ;’kLoh gksr tkrks- loZlkekU; yksda vLrkO;Lr o foÑr

dYiuse/;s Lor%yk xqarowu R;k ‘kfDryk u”V djhr vlrkr] R;kf’kok; foÑrhP;k R;k

ispke/;s iMwu Lor%lkBh ladVa lq)k mRié djrkr- y{;ki;Zar iksgksp.;kpk iq:”kkFkZ

R;kauk bafnz; ‘kfDrP;k ek/;ekusp djkok ykxrks vkf.k R;k vk/kkjsp R;kauk ;’k feGr

tkrs- ijarq bafnz; ‘kfDryk ,dk fo’ks”k fn’ksr yko.;kpk iq:”kkFkZ] fopkj ‘kfDr}kjsp

‘kD; gksr vlrks- ;ksX; fn’ksr bafnz;kaph ‘kDrh u ykxY;keqGs dks.krhgh egku

miyC/kh R;kyk izkIr gksr ukgh- ijarq QDr ,o<îkkusp R;kps y{; iw.kZ gksr ulrs-

  31  

vkeps fopkj cnyys dh bafnz; lq)k vkiY;k fn’ksyk cnyowu Vkdrkr vkf.k gtkjks

izdkjP;k nq%[kkauk euq”; Lor%p mRiUu d:u ?ksrks- jko.k gk izdk.M iaMhr] fo}ku o

Kkuh gksrk- ijarq lRiq:”kkalkj[ks O;ofLFkr fparu dj.ks lksMwu R;kus lq[kyksyqika lkj[;k

vLrkO;Lr thou i)rhyk Lohdkjys- Eg.kwu rks vkiY;k Kkukpk Bksl ykHk lektkyk

nsÅ ‘kdyk ukgh- vkn’kZfu”B fparukyk lksMwu ladh.kZ LokFkhZ fparukr o {kqæ dkekae/;s

R;kus Lor%yk ykowu Vkdys o Lor%ph nqxZrh d:u ?ksryh- ;keqGs R;kP;k vkoMhps o

txkP;k vko’;drsps vusd dk;Z izfr{ksrp jkgwu xsysr-

fopkj Eg.kts lw{e Lrjkps deZ vkgs- dk;kZps ewG #i Eg.kts fopkj gks;-

vkEgh osGsizek.ksp fopkjkaP;k izokgkyk lq)k Js”B iz;kstukae/;s fu;ksftr djk;yk gos-

T;kizek.ks osGsyk ;kstukc) d#u ;’k feGfoY;k tkrs] R;kpizek.ks fopkj&izokgkyk

lq)k lqfu;ksftr d#u o ,[kk|k fo’ks”k y{;klkscr tksMwu ykHk feGfork ;srks-

,d izfl) vk”kZ nk’kZfud tsOgk ehekalk n’kZu ;k xzaFkkph jpuk djhr gksrs rsOgk

R;kauh Lor%yk vkiY;k [kksyhe/;s lkr fnol i;Zar dksaMwu ?ksrys- ;k dkGkr rs iw.kZr%

fujkgkj jkfgys- lkr fnolkuarj tsOgk rs ckgsj iMys rsOgk R;kaP;k psgÚ;koj foy{k.k

rst gksrs o ;’kkpk vkuan psgÚ;ko#u vkslaMwu okgr gksrk- egRokP;k lw=kauk Øec)

d:u xzaFkkph jpuk R;kauh iw.kZ dsyh gksrh- gk xzaFk v/;kR;kP;k ewG fl)karkoj

vk/kkfjr vkgs- gh ,d v’kh ?kVuk vkgs dh T;k}kjs fopkjkaP;k ‘kfDrph ekfgrh rj

vkEgkyk feGrsp R;kf’kok; ;k xzaFkkP;k jpusekxhy i`”BHkweh lq)k dGwu ;srs-

dks.krhgh izsj.kk gh vk/kh fopkjkaP;k :ikrp mBr vlrs vkf.k R;kuarjp vkeps

efLr”d gs R;kuqlkj ;kstuk cufo.;kr Lor%yk ykowu ?ksrs- ;kpk vFkZ gkp dh

dks.krsgh dk;Z dj.;kekxs fdaok euq”;kyk ,[kk|k fn’ksr izo`Rr dj.;kekxs ewG izsj.kk

fopkjkaphp vlrs- euq”; fopkj dj.;kr Lora= vkgs] tjh R;kuqlkj dk;Z dj.;klkBh

rks Lora= ulsy- Eg.kwup fopkj gs tsOgk vkdka{ksps :i /kkj.k djrkr rsOgk euq”; R;k

vkdka{ksyk iw.kZ dj.;kP;k la/khph okV c?kr jkgrks- vijk/kh ÑR; fdaok vuqi;qDr

dekZyk mRié dj.kkjs fopkj lq)k rlsp vijk/kh o vuqi;qDr vlrkr- cká ifjfLFkrh

;k rj euq”;kP;k vkiY;k fopkjkauq:ip R;koj vkiyk izHkko Vkdhr vlrkr- Eg.kwu

,[kk|k nq”dekZpk dyad feVfo.;klkBh vls Eg.k.ks ;ksX; jkg.kkj ukgh dh rs dk;Z

vkdfLedi.ks fdaok ifjfLFkfro’k >kys vkgs- okLro rj gsp vkgs dh R;k dk;kZps ewG

gs vukSfpR;kP;k :ikus vkeP;k fopkjkr o fparukr vk/khp iDds >kysys vlrs-

  32  

,dk xzkeLFkkus lar Kkus’ojkauk fopkjys&^gs nso! la;fer thou O;rhr d:u

lq)k eh vktkjh vkgs- vls dka \** rsOgk lar Eg.kkys( rq la;eh thou txrksl] gs rj

Bhd vkgs ijarq rq÷;k eukrhy fopkj rj fuÑ”V ntkZps vkgsr uk ! vkEgh ckgs:u

la;fer tjh fnlr vlyks ijarq vkeP;k eukrhy fopkj gs ?kk.ksjMs vlrhy rj rs

ek.klkyk vktkjh cufo.kkjp-

fparukP;k ,dk&,dk rjaxkyk fo/kk;d fn’ksus izokghr dj.;klkBh dsY;k

xsysyk dBksj iq#”kkFkZ Eg.ktsp fopkj&la;ekps ;ksX; Lo#i gks;- ,[kk|k vux<

izk.;kaizek.ks efLr”d:ih nkV >qMqiake/;s mMîkk ekj.kkÚ;k vuko’;d fopkjkauk

,dkxzrs}kjs fdaok Js”B mn~ns’;ke/;s rUe; d:u ;ksX; fn’kk fnY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- v’kk

izdkjs fopkj la;ekph ;ksX; leh{kk dsY;kl] R;kps nksu Hkkx vkEgkyk fnlwu ;srkr]

;kpk ifgyk Hkkx vkgs- fuxzg vFkkZr~ eukP;k fo[kqj.;kyk Fkkacowu R;kyk ,dk Bjkfod

fn’ksr yko.ks] ,dkxzrsyk mRié dj.ks lq)k ;krp ;sr vlrs- ;kpk nwljk Hkkx vkgs &

fopkjkauk fuÑ”V fparukiklwu gVowu R;kauk Js”B mn~ns’;kae/;s fu;ksftr dj.ks ;kdfjrk

vkEgh Lor%P;k dk;kZ}kajs mRÑ”Vrsyk izdV gksÅ |kos- bafnz;] ok.kh] osG o iS’kkP;k

vla;ekps o ;k ‘kfDraP;k viO;;kps ewG dkj.k Eg.ktsp fopkjkapk vla;e gks;-

fopkjkauk fopkjka}kjs dki.ks] gk ,d Qkj eksBk iq:”kkFkZ vkgs- Eg.kwu okbZV fopkjkauk

ln~fopkjka}kjs dki.;kps egkHkkjr lrr pkyw Bso.ks vkt xjtsps vkgs- okbZV o

vlaLÑr fopkj gs euq”;kps lokZr eksBs ‘k=w vkgsr vkf.k rsp euq”;kyk irukP;k [kkbZr

<dy.;kps vkf.k izxfriFkkoj vMFkGs mRié dj.;kps dkea djhr vlrkr- tksi;Zr

;kapk izcG izfrjks/k dsY;k tkr ukgh] rksi;Zr rs ek.klkP;k eukr te /k:u clrkr-

vkEgh vkiY;k fprukr Js”B fopkjkauk LFkku fnys o R;kauk dk;kZfUor dj.;kpk iz;Ru

djhr xsyks rj rs vkeP;k xq.k] deZ] LoHkkokr lafefyr gksÅu] mToy Hkfo”;kP;k

fufeZrhe/;s uDdhp egRokph Hkwfedk fuHkforhy] ;kr frGek=gh ‘kadk ukgh- vkEgh

dksBwugh vkf.k dks.kR;kgh izdkjs] thoukyk Js”B o lokZxh.k ckcrhr mUur cufo.kkÚ;k

;k mRÑ”V fopkjkauk vkeP;k efLr”dkr Hkjfo.;kph lk/kus tek djk;yk goh-

Lok/;k;] lRlax] fparu] euu vls T;k ek/;ek}kjs ‘kD; gksbZy R;k}kjs gk iz;Ru

djhr jkgkok dh vkeps efLr”d gs lrr Js”B fopkjizokgke/;s fueXu jkghy- tj

v’kk izdkjP;k mRÑ”V fopkjkae/;s vkeps eu ykxr xsys o R;kP;k mi;ksfxrsyk vkEgh

letw ‘kdyks vkf.k R;kyk vaxhdkj.;kr vkuankpk vuqHko gksÅ ykxyk rj vkEgh

v/ksZ y{; rj uDdhp xkBys vkgs] vls letk;yk gjdr ukgh-

  33  

T;kizek.ks vkEgh nqlÚ;k yksdkaph leh{kk djrks] R;kaP;krhy nks”k nqxqZ.kkauk ‘kks/kwu

R;kaph fuank djrks] R;kizek.ksp uOgs rj R;kis{kk tkLr dBksjrsus vkEgh vkiY;k

fopkjkaph] o xq.k] deZ] LoHkkokph ikj[k djk;yk goh- vkRefparukP;k ;k Øekyk

,dk fuf’pr osGsoj fuR; usekus djk;ykp gos- vlR;] diV] Qlo.kwd] fu”Bwji.kk]

O;fHkpkj] csbZekuh bR;knh vlkekftd vijk/kkaojp uOgs rj vkGl] cslko/ki.kk]

vkos’k] vlfg”.kqrk] dVw cksy.ks] vf’k”V O;ogkj] v/khjrk] dkGth] uSjk’;] H;kMi.kk

bR;knh O;fDrxr nqxqZ.kkaoj lq)k vkeps ckjhd y{k vlk;yk gos- ;k nqxqZ.kkauk gVowu

R;k tkxh R;kaP;k fojks/kh vl.kkÚ;k ln~fopkjkauk o ln~Hkkousyk vkeP;k ekufld {ks=kr

LFkkfir dj.;kpk iz;Ru vkEgh rlkp djk;yk gok] tlk ,d cqf)eku ‘ksrdjh

vkiY;k ‘ksrkr mRÑ”V ch&fc;k.ks is:u mRÑ”V ntkZps Hkjiwj ihd ?ksr vlrks-

;k iz;kstukdfjrk fopkj fufeZrhe/;s lgk¸;d Bj.kkÚ;k lRlkfgR;kpk Øec)

Lok/;k; dj.ks furkar vko’;d vkgs- ln~fopkjh] pkfj«;oku vkf.k mRÑ”V dk;kZe/;s

layXu vlysY;k O;fDrapk lRlax lq)k ;kr Qkj lgk;d Bjr vlrks- Lor%P;k

pqdkadfjrk izk;f’pÙk Eg.kwu Lor%psp ,dkarkr dku idM.ks] mBkc’;k dk<.ks]

Lor%ykp FkkiM ekj.ks] dksacMk cu.ks] tso.kkr dikr dj.ks ;klkj[ks ‘kkjhfjd n.M

fnY;k tkÅ ‘kdrkr- HkwrdkGkr >kysY;k pqdkaph iqujko`Ùkh Hkfo”;kr gksÅ u;s

;kdfjrk jkst ldkGh rlk fu’p; d:up dkekph lq:okr djkoh o fnolHkj

R;kfo”k;h n{krk ckGxkoh- rjhlq)k pqdk >kY;kl jk=hyk R;kapk fg’kksc d:u R;kps

izk;f’pÙk ?;kos- gh izfØ;k FkksM;kp fnolkr vkeP;k fopkj’kfDryk fuf’prp ifj”Ñr

cuosy lksMsy-

izfrHkk gh ijes’ojkph nsu vkgs] vls ekuY;k tkrs- ;k dkj.kkeqGsp gtkjks

yksdkae/kwu ,[kknkp oSKkfud] nk’kZfud fdaok ,[kk|k fo’ks”k fo”k;krhy izdk.M fo}ku

cur vlrks- oLrqr% ijes’ojkP;k ;k Ñispk o”kkZo lokZaojp gksr vlrks] ijarq ;kpk

ykHk QDr rsp mpyr vlrkr] ts Lor%P;k fopkjkauk fo/ks;kRed fparu o

dr`ZRoke/;s fu;ksftr djrkr] euq”;kps fparu o R;kps eukscG ;kyk ,d izdkjpk

dYio`{kp Eg.krk ;sbZy- R;kpk lnqi;ksx dj.kkjk thou y{; xkB.;kP;k vkiyk

bPNhr mn~ns’;kyk uDdhp iw.kZ d: ‘kdrks-

jktk Hkr`Zgjhaps fparu lq:okrhyk lq[k&yksyqirs fo”k;hp jkgr vls- ;keqGs

R;kaph dkO; izfrHkk R;kp fn’ksr ykxyh o R;kaP;k}kjs ^J`axkj&‘krd* gk xzaFk fyfgY;k

xsyk- vk;q”;kP;k nqlÚ;k pj.kke/;s R;kaps fparu jktfufrd mRrjnkf;Roka fo”k;h gksÅ

  34  

ykxys- R;keqGs fparukph fn’kk lq/nk r’khp jkfgyh] ;keqGs rs ,d dq’ky jktk o

^uhfr&‘krd* xzaFkkP;k jpukdkjkP;k :ikus izfl) >kys] thoukP;k vafre pj.kke/;s

R;kaps fparu v/;kRekdMs oGys- xq: xksj[kukFkkapk vuqxzg R;kauk izkIr >kyk vkf.k rs

^oSjkX;&‘krd* ps jpf;rk EgVY;k xsys- ,dkp O;fDryk rhu osxosxG;k izdkjP;k

miyC/kh R;akP;k fparukP;k vFkok fopkj&‘kfDrP;k fn’ksP;k vk/kkjsp izkIr >kY;k

gksR;k-

vkiys fopkj gs vkiY;k thoukoj rj eksBk izHkko Vkdrp vlrkr] ;kf’kok;

rs vkiY;k laidkZr ;s.kkÚ;k O;fDaroj vkf.k lHkksorkyP;k okrkoj.kkoj lq)k vkiyk

izHkko lksMrkr-

lra belZu Eg.kr vlr & ^^izfrHkkoku O;Drh T;k ‘kq) fopkjkapk ;k txkr

izpkj çlkj djrkr- R;k}kjs ;k txkr ifjorZu ?kMwu ;srs- ijarq ;ko:u dq.kh gs letw

u;s dh iqLrda] lHkk&lEesyus o vkilkrhy laHkk”k.kk}kjs izxV dj.;kr ;s.kkÚ;k

ln~fopkjka}kjsp ifjorZu ?kMwu ;sr vlrs- ;k izdV fopkjkaf’kok; vkeps xqIr fopkj

lq)k okrkoj.kkr il:u R;kapk lektkoj izHkko iMr vlrks-**

izR;sd O;fDrP;k lHkksorky R;kP;k fopkjkauq:i vkiys ,d fof’k”V okrkoj.k

cuysys vlrs- ;keqGs T;k nqlÚ;k O;Drh R;kP;k laidkZr ;srkr] R;k vuk;klp R;k

O;fDrP;k mn~ns’;kae/;s R;kaps lg;ksxh cuwu tkrkr- vkiys fopkj gs vkiY;k

O;fDreRok}kjs] gkoHkko o O;ogkjk}kjs vkf.k psgÚ;kojhy dkarh}kjs pdkdr vlrkr-

fopkjkapk izHkko laØked vktkjkaizek.ks gksr vlrks] Eg.kwu fopkjkauk lq)k

laØked EgVY;k xsys vkgs- vkiY;k laidkZr T;k O;Drh ;srkr] R;kaP;koj vkiY;k

fopkjkaps laØe.k gksr vlrs- vkiys eu tj ‘kkar] larqfyr] LoLFk] l’kDr o izlUu

vlsy rj vki.k ftFks dqBs tky] frFks izlUurkp iljsy o ‘kkarrspk lapkj gksbZy-

;kfo:) tj vkiY;ke/;s uSjk’; vlsy] fu:Rlkfgr thou vki.k txr vlky]

vkiyh fgaer FkaM iMyh vlsy rj vki.k ftFks dqBs tky frFks uSjk’;p iljsy o

mRlkgghurspk lapkj gksbZy vkf.k ;kpk izHkko vkiY;k eukoj lq)k iMsy-

tj vki.k ,[kkns pkaxys dke d# ‘kdr ulky rj dehr&deh ?kk.ksjMÓkk

fopkjkaP;k osyhyk rj ykowp udk- vkiY;k eukr nqlÚ;kafo”k;h usgeh n;k] mnkjrk]

enrhph o lsosph Hkkouk vkf.k Lusgiw.kZ fopkjkapkp mn; Ogk;yk gok vkf.k R;kps

iks”k.k vki.k djhr jkgkos] gkp iz;Ru vki.k djk;yk gok- dq.kkP;kgh eukyk vki.k

detksj o fu”Øh; cuow u;s] rlsp nhu&ghu lq)k cuow u;s vkf.k R;kaP;kfo”k;h

  35  

v’kk izdkjps fopkj lq)k vkiY;k eukr ;sÅ nsÅ u;s- vls ‘kD; >kY;kl vki.k

ftFks dqBs tky] frFks izlUursps okrkoj.k mRiUu gksbZy] yksdkaps] nq%[k] d”V nwj gksrhy]

R;kaP;ke/khy uSjk’; nwj iGsy vkf.k R;kaP;kr mRlkg] mYgkl o deZBrspk lapkj

gksbZy-

vki.k Hkxoarkyk izkFkZuk djkoh&^^vlrks ek ln~xe;** & gs izHkks] vkEgkyk

vlR;kdMwu lR; ekxkZdMs tk;ps vkgs Eg.kwu frdMsp vkEgkyk ?ksÅu py- vki.k

v’kh O;Drh cukos] T;kyk ;’kkps izfrfcac Eg.krk ;sbZy- T;k O;Drh nqlÚ;kauk enr

djrkr] R;kauk Åap mBfo.;kpk iz;Ru djrkr vkf.k va/kkjkdMwu izdk’kkdMs ?ksÅu

tkrkr] vki.k lq)k v’kkp izdkjs cu.;kph bPNk djk;yk goh- oLrqr% vlsp O;Drh

[kjs lgk¸;d vlrkr-

vkiY;k O;fDreRokrwu vk’ksph fdj.ka QqVwu iMrhy] mnkj O;ogkjkpk lqxa/k

njoGsy] vuqRlkgh yksdkae/;s mRlkgkpk lapkj gksbZy vkf.k Lusg o iszekph ean&ean

gok il:u yksdkaP;k thoukr olar Qqysy] vlkp iz;Ru vki.k djk;yk gok-

Lok/;k;kr c slko/k d/k hgh jkg w u; s

ln~fopkjkaps egRo rj vkEgh letrks ijarq R;koj n`< jkgr ukgh- ,[kkns pkaxys

iqLrd okp.;kr vkys fdaok lRlax] izopukr tk.ks >kys rj eukr R;kp ekxkZoj

pky.;kph bPNk mRié gksrs- ijarq rks izlax VGrkp( nqlÚ;k izdkjps fopkj T;kaph

vkEgkyk vk/khp lo; >kysyh vlrs( rs iqUgk vkeP;k eukoj vkiyk rkck

feGforkr vkf.k iqUgk R;kp tqU;k jgkVxkMX;koj vkepk thouØe pkyr jkgrks-

v’kk izdkjs mRÑ”V thou tx.;kph vkeph rh vkdka{kk ,d dYiuk ek= cuwu tkrs

vkf.k R;kyk pfjrkFkZ dj.;kph la/kh cgq/kk vkEgkyk izkIrp gksr ukgh-

vkeP;k ekufld {ks=kr mRєV fopkjkauk Qkjp deh osG LFkku feGr vlrs-

Lok/;k;] lRlaxke/;s ftrdk osG ?kkyfoyk] QDr frrdkp osG] rs pkaxys fopkj

vkeP;k eukr fVdwu jkgrkr- ;kuarj iqUgk rsp tqus okbZV fopkj ,[kk|k >a>kokrk

izek.ks ;sÅu R;k Js”B fopkjkaP;k NksVîkk’kk <xkauk dqBY;k dqBs iGowu ykorkr- fuÑ”V

fopkjake/;s rkRdkfyd ykHk o vkd”kZ.k gs LokHkkfodi.ks tkLr vlrs- fpjdkGkiklwu

R;kpk vH;kl gksr jkfgY;kus R;akph eqGs lq)k vkeP;k ekufld {ks=kr e/;s Qkj

[kksyoj tkÅu clysyh vlrkr- R;kauk miMwu R;ktkxh uO;k Js”B fopkjkaph LFkkiuk

dj.ks] gs [kjks[kjp Qkj dBh.k dke vkgs-

  36  

ikp&ngk fefuVs dkgh mRєV vls okpY;kus] ,sdY;kus fdaok rlk fopkj

dsY;kus o r’kh bPNk dsY;kus vkeP;k ekufld {ks=kps ifj”Ñr gks.ks vkf.k R;k}kjs

lRdekZpk izokg okgw ykx.ks Qkj dBh.k vkgs- T;k izdkjP;k fopkjkauk] ftrD;k rhozrsus

o fu”Bsus vkf.k ftrD;k tkLr osGi;Zar vkeP;k eukr jkg.;kph la/kh feGrs- R;k

fopkjkapk frrdkp tkLr izHkko vkeP;k eukaoj iMr vlrks- cÚ;kp osGsi;Zar euke/;s

LokFkZiw.kZ fopkj pkyr jkfgys vkf.k QDr dkgh osG ln~fopkjkauk LFkku ns.;kr vkys]

rj tkLr osG eukr jkg.kkÚ;k fopkjkapk izHkko deh osG jkg.kkÚ;k fopkjkaP;k izHkkokyk

u”V d:u lksMsy- Eg.kwu T;kauk [kjks[kjp mRÑ”V thou tx.;kph bPNk vkgs]

R;kaP;kdfjrk QDr ,dp ekxZ f’kYyd jkgrks- rks Eg.kts] R;kauh vkiY;k eukr

tkLrhr tkLr osGsi;Zaar pkaxY;k] izsj.kkizn o mRєV ntkZP;k fopkjkauk LFkku |kos-

cgqer T;k fopkjkaps vlsy] fot; R;kapkp gksbZy- okgr vlysY;k xaxse/;s

FkksMsls ?kk.k ik.kh VkdY;kl R;kpk frrdk okbZV izHkko xaxktykoj iM.kkj ukgh] rlsp

?kk.k ukY;kr FkksMsls xaxkty feGfoys rj rs xaxkty R;k ukY;kyk ifo= d: ‘kd.kkj

ukgh- ;kpizek.ks tj eukr cjkp osGsi;Zar okbZV fopkj Hk:u vlrhy vkf.k letk

dkgh FkksMklk osGk FkksMîkk’kk Js”B fopkjkauk vkEgh eukr LFkku fnys] rj R;kpk vlk

fdrh Js”B izHkko vkeP;k eukoj iM.kkj vkgs\ ;ksX; rj gsp vkgs dh vkepk

tkLrhr&tkLr osG v’kk izdkjs O;rhr Ogkok dh T;kr Js”B Hkkouk vkeP;k eukr

lrr lapkj djhr jkgrhy-

lar belZu ;kauk R;kaP;k ,dk fe=kus fopkjys & ^vkiY;kyk d/kh LoxkZr

tk;ps >kY;kl] R;kph r;kjh vki.k d’kh djky\* rsOgk belZu Eg.kkys & ^lokZr

vk/kh eh vkiY;k loZ iqLrdkauk cka/kwu ?ksbZy] ts.ksd:u LoxkZe/;s xsY;koj] rsFks ek>k

osG csdkj tk.kkj ukgh-

yksdekU; fVGdkauk ,dk fe=kus iz’u dsyk & ^vkiY;kyk ujdkr tkos ykxys

rj vki.k dk; djky\* ^eh Lor%lkscr iqLrdkauk lq)k ?ksÅu tkbZy] T;kpk Lok/;k;

d:u eh ujdkyk lq)k LoxkZr cny.kkjs fopkj] ,df=r d: ‘kdsy* yksdekU;

Eg.kkys-

mRÑ”V o izkS< fopkjkauk tkLrhr&tkLr osGsi;aZar vkeP;k efLr”dkr LFkku

ns.;kpk izca/k dj.;kr vkyk rj dkgh fnolkrp vkeP;k bPNk] vfHkyk”kk o izo`Rrh

R;kp fn’ksus ?kMr tkrhy vkf.k ;keqGs cká thoukr gks.kkjs lkfRod ifjorZu vkEgkyk

  37  

Li”Vi.ks fnlw ykxsy- fopkjkaph ‘kDrh Qkj eksBh vkgs- R;k}kjs vkeps thou rj

cnyrsp] R;kf’kok; ;k txkpk u{kk lq)k iw.kZi.ks cnyw ‘kdrks-

izkphu dkGkizek.ks] thoukP;k izR;sd iSywoj mRєV lek/kku izLrqr dj.kkjs

lk/kq] czkã.k tjh vkEgkyk feGkys vlrs] o R;kauh vkiY;k mTToy pkfj«;kus vkf.k

leL;sapk myxMk dj.kkÚ;k vkiY;k cqf)us o ifjiDo Kkukus] vkeps ekxZn’kZu dsys

vlrs] rj vkEgkyk okbZV ekxkZus us.kkÚ;k vkeP;k loZ nq”izo`fÙkaps ‘keu >kys vlrs-

ijarq vkt v’kk lk/kq&czkã.k iq:”kkaps n’kZu nqyZHk gksÅu xsys vkgs] ts ns’k] dkG o

ik=kP;k fLFkfryk y{kkr Bsowu vktP;k cqf)oknh o la?k”kZe; ;qxkçek.ks vkiys lek/kku

izLrqr d: ‘kdrhy vkf.k ekuoh thoukyk map mBfo.kkÚ;k O;kogkfjd lwpuk nsÅ

‘kdrhy- vkt vls fo}ku o euLoh O;Drh ‘kks/kwugh lkiMr ukghr- R;kapk vHkko

thoukr brdk Mkapr vkgs dh] R;kaP;kf’kok; loZ dkgh mtkM tk.kow ykxys vkgs-

_”kh&equhaph gh Hkwfe _”kh rRokus iw.kZr% jfgr >kY;klkj[kh okVr vkgs-

vktP;k ;qxkps vk.k[kh ,d nqHkkZX; Eg.kts Lok/;k;kP;k mi;qDr vls lkfgR;

lq)k dqBs&dqBsp n`f”V{ksikr iMrs- Eg.kwu vktP;k ifjfLFkrhe/;s] tsFkqu ‘kD; gksbZy

rsFkqu( vkEgh v’kk lkfgR;kpk ‘kks/k ?;k;yk gok] ts izdk’k o izsj.kk ns.;kP;k {kersus

laiUu vlsy- v’kk lRlkfgR;kps okpu dj.;kdfjrk vkEgh jkst dehr&deh ,d rkl

rjh fuf’prp |k;yk gok- v’kk iqLrdkauk gGw&gGw] iw.kZi.ks letwu o fopkj d#u

okpk;yk gos- okpu >kY;kuarj R;krhy fopkjkaoj euu dj.ks vko’;d vkgs- vkeps

Mksds tsOgk d/kh [kkyh vlsy] rsOgk ;koj fopkj dj.ks lq# d#u |kos dh vktP;k

Lok/;k; e/;s ts dkgh okp.;kr vkys vkgs] R;k vkn’kkZi;Zar iksgksp.;klkBh vkEgh

dks.krk iz;Ru djk;yk gok \ vkt vkeP;ke/;s th dkgh lq/kkj.kk dj.ks ‘kD; vkgs]

R;kyk dks.kR;k uk dks.kR;k :ikus yodjkr&yodj vkjaHk djk;yk gos- Js”B

yksdkaP;k pfj=kps okpu dj.ks vkf.k r’kkp xkSjokyk Lor%lq)k izkIr djhr jkg.;kpk

fopkj djhr jkg.ks] euu&fparukP;k n`f”Vus Qkj vko’;d vkgs-

eukr ftrD;k tkLr osGsi;Zar Js”B Hkkouspk izokg okgr jkghy] frrdsp

vkeP;klkBh mÙke vkgs- vls lkfgR; vkeP;klkBh lathouh cqVhps dke djsy-

lRlkfgR;kps okpu dj.;kyk vkeP;k vR;ar fiz; dkekaiSdh ,d cuowu ?;k;yk gos-

lalkjkP;k xqarkxqarhrwu ekxZ nk[kfo.kkÚ;k [kÚ;k ekxZn’kZdkaP;k vHkkokph iwrhZ

lRlkfgR;k}kjsp ‘kD; vkgs- fofo/k fcdV iz’ukauh xzLr vl.kkÚ;kaph la[;k vkt Qkj

tkLr vkgs- /kekZP;k ukok[kkyh vkGl] vdeZ.;rk] uSjk’;] nhuo`Rrh] drZO;kph

  38  

mis{kk] LokFkhZi.kk o ladh.kZrsps f’k{k.k ns.kkÚ;k lRlaxkiklwu ftrds nwj jkgrk ;sbZy]

frrdsp cjs vkgs-

thoukP;k lok±xh.k izxfrlkBh vko’;d vl.kkÚ;k mR—“V fopkjkauk] tsFkqu

dksBwu o T;kizdkjs ‘kD; gksbZy R;kizdkjs] vkiY;k MksD;kr Hkj.;kpk iz;Ru djk;yk

gok vkf.k R;klkBh vko’;d lk/kus teok;yk goh- Lok/;k;] lRlax] euu] fparu

vls T;k ekxkZus tesy] R;k}kjs] vkeP;k esanwe/;s Js”B fopkj /kkjk lrr izokghr gksr

jkgkoh] v’kh O;oLFkk djkoh- tj v’kk izdkjP;k fopkjkae/;s vkeps eu ykxw ykxys]

R;kP;k mi;ksfxrsyk vkEgh letw ‘kdyks vkf.k R;kapk vaxhdkj djhr vkEgkyk

vkuankpk vuqHko gksÅ ykxyk rj y{;iwrhZpk v/kkZ jLrk vkEgh xkByk] vlsp

letk;yk gos-

Jhen~Hkxon~xhrs e/;s EgVys vkgs & ^u fg Kkusu ln`’ka ifo=feg fo|rs* vFkkZr~

;k txkr Kkukis{kk Js”B vls nwljs dkghp ukgh- ;k txkr loZJs”B oLrqpk ‘kks/k

vkEgkyk ?;k;pk >kY;kl] ‘ksoVh Kkukykp rh Js”Brk vkEgkyk iznku djkoh ykxsy-

;kyk izkIr d:u lkekU; Js.kh] ;ksX;rk o ifjfLFkfrps O;Drh lq)k Qkj mPpntkZps

LFkku feGfor vlrkr] Eg.kwu Kkukyk ifjlkph miek ns.;kr vkyh vkgs- ifjlkpk

Li’kZ gksÅu yks[kaMkps lksus gksrs fdaok ukgh vkf.k vlk ifjl dqBs vfLrRokr rjh vkgs

dk\ ;kckcr dkgh fuf’pri.ks lkaxrk ;sr ukgh] ijarq Kku :ih ifjlkpk Li’kZ

>kY;kl rqPN ntkZps O;Drh eksBîkkr&eksBîkk LFkkukoj iksgkspw ‘kdrkr- gs fufoZokn lR;

vkgs-

T;k Kkukyk txkrhy loZJs”B oLrq EgVY;k xsyh vkgs] rs Kku Eg.kts fo|k

gks;- ‘kkys; Kku rj djksMks euq”;kauk vlrs- R;keqGs euq”;kpk cká fodkl lq/nk

FkksMîkk çek.kkr lk/kY;k tkrks ijarq R;k}kjs vkarfjd egkurk dq.kkphgh ok<r ukgh-

vkRefufeZrhP;k] pkfj«; fufeZrhP;k o ln~izo`fÙkaP;k Hkkouk tkx`r dj.kkÚ;k

ln~fopkjkaukp [kjs Kku EgVY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- thoukyk ;’kLoh cufo.kkjh loZJs”B oLrw

ghp vkgs o ;kykp izkIr dj.;klkBh vkeP;krhy izR;sdkus iw.kZ ‘kfDrus iz;Ru

djk;yk gos-

txkrhy loZJs”B rRoKkukyk izkIr d:u] thoukyk ;’kLoh cufo.;klkBh

vkf.k R;kyk Js”B fn’ksr fodflr dj.;klkBh Lok/;k; gsp egRokps ek/;e vkgs-

Eg.kwu Lok/;k;kyk ,d vko’;d /keZ&drZO; ekuY;k xsys vkgs] ‘kkó Eg.krs &

^Lok/;k;kRek i zekn%* vFkkZr Lok/;k; dj.;kr cslko/k jkgw u;s vkf.k ^vgjg%

  39  

Lok/;k;o s /p srRF k %* vFkkZr fnoljk= Lok/;k; dj.;kr ykxwu jgk- ‘kriFk czkã.k

e/;s fyfgys vkgs ^;koUr% okMbek i ` f F koh foÙk su i w. k k Z nnYyk sd a t;fr

f=LrkoUr t;fr Hk w; k a l apk{ k¸; a ; ,o a fo}kugjg% Lok/;k;e/k hr s * Eg.kts

ftrds iq.; /ku&/kkU;kus HkjysY;k ;k laiw.kZ i`Fohyk nku dsY;kus feGr vlrs]

R;kis{kk rhu iV vkf.k R;kis{kkgh tkLr iq.; Lok/;k; dj.kkÚ;kyk izkIr gksrs- ;k

dFkukoj vk’p;Z dj.;kph dkghp xks”V ukgh] Hkkousyk izsj.kk ns.kkjk eq[; vk/kkj

Lok/;k;ykp ekuY;k xsys vkgs o ;k}kjs izsfjr gksÅup euq”;kps fopkj o dk;Z]

lUekxkZP;k fn’ksus fodflr gksr tkrkr vkf.k fodklkpk gkp Øe ‘ksoVh R;kyk v{k;

v’kk iq.;QGkyk izkIr dj.;kps dkj.k cur vlrks-

‘kjhj] oó o ?kjkph LoPNrk fuR; fu;feri.ks djkoh ykxrs dkj.k ;koj

jkstp ?kk.k tek gksr vlrs- ;kizek.ksp eukoj lq)k ;k txkrhy okbZV okrkoj.kkph

?kk.k o R;kpk okbZV izHkko lrr iMr vlrks- R;kP;k LoPNrsdfjrk lRlax o

Lok/;k;kph >kMyksV dj.;kph fuR; vko’;drk vlrs- Eg.kwup ‘kkL=dkjkauh vkgkj]

Luku] >ksi.ks bR;knh fuR;&dekZ izek.ksp Lok/;k;kyk lq)k fuR; deZ ekuys vkgs-

ik.;kyk [kkyh Vkdrkp rs mrkjkdMs vkiksvki okgw ykxrs- ;kizek.ksp eukpk LoHkko

lq)k {kqnz dekZdMs vkdf”kZr gks.;kpk vlrks- tj R;kyk vMfoY;k xsys ukgh rj rs

i’kq&izo`fRrdMsp tkr jkfgy- ik.;kyk ojP;k fn’ksus vFkkZr p<kokdMs U;k;ps

>kY;kl ckYVh] iai bR;knh lk/kukapk iz;ksx djkok ykxrks] rsOgk dqBs R;kyk oj

p<fork ;srs- Lok/;k;yk rks vMFkGk Eg.krk ;sbZy tks eu :ih ik.;kyk okbZV ekxkZus

okg.;kiklwu vMfor vlrks- gkp rks iai vkgs] tks vkeP;k ekufld o`fÙkauk Js”B

ekxkZdMs p<owu ;k rqPN ekuo izk.;kyk egkiq:”kkP;k o HkwlqjkaP;k Js.khr usÅu

iksgkspohr vlrks- vkeP;krhy vusd nqxqZ.kkauk] nqHkkZousyk o U;wursyk Lok/;k;kP;k

vk/kkjsp letY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- vkRefujh{k.kk}kjs R;kauk ‘kks/kY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs vkf.k

iz;Ru dsY;kl R;kauk lksMrk lq)k ;srs- vkRe ‘kq)h o vkRefuekZ.kkpk lokZr egRokpk

mik; ^Lok/;k;* yk eku.;kr vkys vkgs- ;k}kjsp ijes’ojkph çkIrh lq)k gksr vlrs-

eg”khZ O;kl Eg.krkr & ^Lok/;k; ;k sx le ~iR;k ijekRek i zdk’kr s * vFkkZr

Lok/;k; ;qDr lk/kukauhp ijes’ojkpk lk{kkRdkj gksr vlrks-

vkEgkyk vkeP;k oS;fDrd o jk”Vªh; pkfj«; fufeZrhlkBh Lok/;k;kyk eq[;

vk/kkj ekukokp ykxsy vkf.k gh thoukph ,d vfuok;Z vko’;drk lq/nk vkgs] ;k

okLrfodrsyk tutukaP;k ân;kr mrjokosp ykxsy- vkeP;k oS;fDrd o lkekftd

  40  

thoukr T;k vusd nq”izo`Rrh Bke ekaMwu clysY;k vkgsr] R;kP;k uqdlkuhyk ;ksX;

izdkjs let.;klkBh vkf.k R;kapk R;kx dj.;kph izsj.kk izkIr dj.;klkBh Lok/;k;kP;k

‘kfDrykp eq[; mik; letkok ykxsy- ;kpizek.ks T;k ln~Hkkousyk o lRizo`fÙkyk

fodflr dj.ks vko’;d vkgs] R;kaP;k mi;ksfxrsyk let.;klkBh vkf.k R;kapk

vaxhdkj dj.;kdfjrk eukr mRlkg mRié dj.;kps dk;Z lq)k Lok/;k;kP;k lo;hyk

tkLrhr tkLr izksRlkgu fnY;kusp ‘kD; gksÅ ‘kdsy-

,dk O;fDrus ,dk egkRE;kyk fopkjys & ^egkRekth] jkek;.kkyk [kjs ekukos

dh [kksVs\ rsOgk rs Eg.kkys & tsOgk jkek;.k jfpY;k xsys] rsOgk rj eh uDdh uOgrksp-

rsOgk rs [kjs vkgs dh [kksVs] gs fuf’pri.ks dkgh lkaxrk ;sr ukgh- eh rj QDr

brdsp lkaxw ‘kdrks dh R;kps okpu dsY;kus eh lq/kjyks vkgs] okVY;kl rw lq)k ;kph

ifj{kk ?ksÅ ‘kdrks-*

,[kkns iqLrd okp.ks Eg.kts Lok/;k; uOgs- Lok/;k; R;kykp Eg.krk ;sbZy]

T;k}kjs vkeP;k thoukrhy leL;saoj o vkarfjd xaqrkxqarhoj izdk’k iMrks vkf.k

ekuorsyk mTToy cufo.kkÚ;k ln~izo`Ùkhauk Lohdkj.;kph izsj.kk izkIr gksrs- [kjs fuLokFkhZ

o vkReh; fe= ykHk.ks Qkj pkaxys vkgs] ijarq vkeP;kiSdh vusdkauk ;k laca/kkr

fujk’kp Ogkos ykxrs- lRlkfgR; v’kk fe=kaP;k U;wursyk iw.kZ djhr vlrkr- v’kh

iqLrds Qkj yodj vkeps [kjs fe= curkr- rsp vkEgkyk ;ksX; ekxZ nk[kforkr o

izxrhP;k ekxkZoj iq<s tk.;kr vkEgkyk lkFk nsrkr- egkRek xka/khuh EgVys vkgs] ^Js”B

iqLrds toG jkfgY;kus pkaxY;k fe=kaph deh vkEgkyk lyr ukgh- eh ;k iqLrdkaps

ftrds tkLr v/;;u djrks] frrdhp rh eyk mi;ksxh fe=a okVw ykxrkr-*

vkEgh gs y{kkr vlw |kos dh Js”B iqLrds Eg.ktsp tkx`r nsork vkgsr-

v/;;u] euu o fparuk}kjs R;kaps iwtu d:u R;kiklwu yxsp ojnku izkIr djrk ;srs-

vkEgh fu;feri.ks ln~xzaFkkps okpu djk;yk gos vkf.k mRre iqLrdkP;k Lok/;k;kyk

thoukrhy ,d vko’;d drZO; cuowu ?;kos-

b a fn z; l a;ek}kj s ‘k fDrpk Hk aMkj ok<okok

euq”;kP;k ‘kjhjkr o euke/;s ‘kfDrapk vQkV HkaMkj Hkjysyk vkgs- R;kyk u”V

gks.;kiklwu okpfoY;k xsys vkf.k R;k cprhpk lnqi;ksx dsY;k xsyk rj bfPNr

fn’kse/;s vk’kktud ;’k izkIr dsY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- ;k okLrorsyk u letwu vkEgh

vkiY;k ;k ekSY;oku ‘kfDrapk fujFkZd viO;;p djhr jkgrks vkf.k bZ’ojkus fnysY;k

  41  

‘kDrh HkaMkjkyk xekowu ‘kjhj o eukyk iksdG] :X.k o v’kDr d:u] vi;’kh

thou txr dlsrjh vkiY;k ej.kkps fnol iw.kZ djhr jkgrks-

‘kjhj o eu gs vkivkiY;k vkgkjk}kjs ‘kfDraps laiknu lrr djhr vlrkr

vkf.k vkeP;k lkeF;kZapk HkaMkj fujarj ok<r jkgrks- ;k mRiknukyk tj viO;;k iklwu

okpfoY;k xsys vkf.k R;kyk fo/kk;d dk;kZr mi;ksxkr vk.kY;k xsys rj dks.kR;kgh

fn’ksr vk’kktud izxrh dj.;kpk lq;ksx vkEgkyk uDdhp izkIr gksÅ ‘kdrks-

^vlqjka}kjs okjaokj ijkftr gks.;kps dkj.k dk;\* gk iz’u nsox.kkauk iMyk-

;kP;k lek/kkukdfjrk tsOgk rs HkxoarkdMs xsys] rsOgk Hkxoar Eg.kkys dh ‘kfDrps

laj{k.k gs la;ek}kjsp gksr vlrs- lq[klks;hauk o oSHko&,s’o;kZyk izkIr d:u ts R;kpk

miHkksx ?ks.;kr Mqcrkr] R;kauk ijkHkokps rksaM c?kkos ykxrs- rs rqeP;kizek.ksp Lor%P;k

thoukr vMp.khapk lkeuk djhr jkgrkr- euq”; gkp ,d vlk izk.kh vkgs tks vuar

‘kfDrus ifjiw.kZ vkgs o ;kapk rks la;ekus lnqi;ksx lq)k djhr vlrks- Eg.kwup R;kauk

ijkHkokus rksaM c?kkos ykxr ukgh- nsox.k o vlwj tj dqBs vlrhy rj rs vkeP;k

vkarp Øe’k% lRizo`RrhaP;k o nq“izo`fRrP;k :ikus fo|eku vkgsr- T;k O;Drh la;eh]

leFkZ o foosdoku vlrkr R;k i’kq&izo`fÙkauk Lor%oj rkck feGow nsr ukghr-

la;ekpk vFkZ gksrks & ‘kfDrP;k viO;;kyk jks[k.ks- gk viO;; cgq/kk vkeP;k

bafæ;ka}kjsp gksr vlrks- bafæ;kae/;s lq)k nksu izeq[k vkgsr & ,d thHk o nqljs

tuusafæ;- thHks}kjs fujFkZd cMcM dsY;kus] dq.kkph fuank o pqxyh dsY;kus] Lor%pk

VsaHkk fejfoY;kus vkf.k vlR; o dVqopu cksy.;kus thHksP;k Qkj eksBîkk ‘kfDrpk

viO;; gksrks o ;keqGs euq”;kps eukscG u”V gksrs- fujFkZd cMcM dj.;koj fu;a=.k

BsoY;k xsys] Lor%lkBh o nqlÚ;kalkBh ftrds vko’;d vkgs frrdsp ekstwuekiwu

cksyY;k xsys] vlR;] dVw o fujFkZd u cksy.;kpk thHkspk la;e vkEgh ikGyk rj

vkeph ok.kh brdh izHkkoh gksÅ ‘kdrs dh ;kpk nqlÚ;kaoj vk’p;Ztud izHkko iMsy

o R;kr ojnku&vk’khokZn ns.;kph {kerk mRiUu gksbZy-

thHkspk nwljk vla;e Eg.kts] pkspysi.kk- Loknkps vkd”kZ.k] vfu”Vdkjh vHk{;

inkFkkZauk [kk.;klkBh ykypko.ks] v’kk xks”VhaeqGs tkLr [kk.;kph bPNk eukr mRiUu

gksrs o R;keqGs ok<ysyh vkgkjkph ek=k o elkY;kaps ean fo”k gs iksVkoj vfrfjDr Hkkj

cuqu ikpu O;oLFksyk fnolsafnol detksj cuowu Vkdrkr- vth.kkZeqGs iksVkr fo”kkps

izek.k ok<wu rs ‘kjhjkP;k fofHkUu vax&vo;okai;Zar tkÅu iksgksprs o frFks fofo/k

vktkjkauk mRiUu djrs- ;keqGs rh O;Drh nq%[k o osnusyk Hkksxr vkiys vk;q”; daBhr

  42  

jkgrs- vkEgh Lokfn”V o egkxMîkk O;atukauk [kkÅu etk&ekSt djhr vkgksr] vls

yksda letrkr] ijarq oLrqr% gs rj Lor%P;k ik;kojp dqÚgkM pkyfo.;klkj[ks ÑR;

vkgs- euq”;kus tj ,[kk|k vkS”k/khizek.ksp lkfRod vUu xzg.k dsys rj R;kps iksV [kjkc

gks.kkj ukgh] R;kyk detksjh o vktkji.kkyk cGh iMkos ykx.kkj ukgh vkf.k R;kps

vkjksX;] thoukpk vkuan o nh?kkZ;q”;koj dqÚgkM lq)k pky.kkj ukgh- ,dnk /kUoarjh]

okXHkêkauk mins’k ns.;klkBh dk’khyk vkys- okXHkêkauh R;kauk fopkjys&^dk s·#d*]

vFkkZr~ LoLFk dks.k jkgrks\ rsOgk /kUoarjh Eg.kkys & ^fer Hk qd] _r Hk qd]

fgrHk qd* vFkkZr deh ek=se/;s _rqP;k vuqdwy o mi;ksxh vkgkj ?ks.kkjk LoLFk jkgrks-

*

‘kjhjkP;k fuokZgkdfjrk ftrD;k vkgkjkph xjt vkgs] frrdkp ?;kok- tls vUu

[kky rlsp eu cusy] gh Eg.k izfl)p vkgs- vUukeqGs QDr jDr o ekalp cur

ukgh rj fopkj laLFkku o var%dj.k lq)k izHkkfor gksr vlrs-

tuusafæ;kpk la;e gk vk.k[kh tkLr egRokpk vkgs- ‘kjhjkyk tks dkgh vkgkj

miyC/k gksr vlrks R;kps lkjrRo nw/kkrwu rwi fu?kkY;kizek.ks cur vlrs- ;kykp

vkstl Eg.krkr- psgÚ;kojhy dkarh] ok.kh] izHkko] MksGîkkrhy rst] rYy[k cq)h]

LoHkkokrhy lkgl gs loZ ;k vkstl rRokpsp QG vkgs- ;kr brdh tkLr ‘kDrh

Hkjysyh vkgs dh rh Lor%lkj[ks vk.k[kh fdrh rjh uos euq”; ?kMow ‘kdrs- ;k

vk’p;Ztud ‘kDrhyk lkikP;k e.khph miek fnY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- vls Eg.krkr dh

lki tsOgk Lor%pk e.kh xekowu clrks] rsOgk R;kps ‘kjhj toGikl futhZo

>kY;klkj[ks gksÅu tkrs- euq”;kph fLFkrh lq)k v’khp vkgs- vkstl ;k lkjrRokpk rks

ftrdk tkLr viO;; djrks] frrdkp detksj gksr tkrks- nksu lar ,d o”kkZuarj tsOgk

;k=so#u ijrysr] rsOgk T;k nkV o`{kkP;k lkoyhe/;s R;kauh ;k=syk tkrkauk tso.k dsys

gksrs] rks o`{k iMysyk vk<Gyk- gs c?kwu ,dk larkus nqlÚ;k ofj”B larkauk iz’u dsyk

& ^^gs egkREkk ! brD;k deh osGse/;s gk o`{k dlk dka iMyk\** rsOgk ofj”B lar

Eg.kkys & ^^rkr ! gk o`{k R;kyk vlysY;k fNnzkaeqGs iMyk vkgs] ;kpk thou jl

vlysyk fMad R;kP;k ;k fNnzkrwu lrr okgr vls- fMadkyk feGfo.;kP;k ykylsik;h

euq”;kus ;koj vusd fNæ d:u ;kyk iksdG cuowu Vkdys vk.kh iksdG oLrq gh

d/khp rkB mHkh jkgw ‘kdr ukgh- >a>kokrkauk lgu u d: ‘kdY;keqGs ;kph v’kh

voLFkk >kyh vkgs-** ;kizek.ksp dkeqd O;Drh gh fujksxh jkgw ‘kdr ukgh] rlsp nh?kZ

thoukpk vkuan lq)k yqVw ‘kdr ukgh] v’;k O;Drh vusd vktkjkauh xzLr vlrkr o

  43  

Lor%P;k eukscGkyk xekowu fnolsafnol nhu] nqcZG] fHk=s] ekufldfjR;k vfLFkj o

uSjk’;kus xzLr gksr tkrkr- v’kk O;fDraph eqya lq)k detksj o #X.k mRié gksrkr-

izR;sd fopkj’khy O;ÇDrlkBh dkeqdrsoj vadq’k yko.ks] czEgp;kZdMs ;ksX; y{k Bso.ks

vkf.k tuusafæ;kPkk la;e ckGx.ks Qkj vko’;d vkgs- yXukpk mÌs’; nksu vkRE;kaps

ifo= feyu vkgs- ,d&nqlÚ;kaP;k ‘kkjhfjd&ekufld ‘kfDaruk u”V&Hkz”V dj.;kr

ykx.;kps uko yXu uOgs- gh rj eS=h ulwu izR;{k ‘k=qRop vkgs-

oSokfgd thoukckgsjhy nqjkpkj rj Qkjp tkLr dqfRlr vkgs- ;k vuSlfxZd

fØ;spk yiwu&Niwu iz;ksx dj.;kpk izdkj vkt uo;qodkae/;s Qkj tkLr ok<ysyk

vkgs- óh&iq:”kkae/khy ifo= laca/kkP;k yXuklkj[;k iq.;&ijaijsyk nwf”kr dj.ks gs

izR;sd n`”Vhus fuÑ”Vp dk;Z vkgs- izse o eS=hpk vFkZ dkeqdrk uOgs- ‘kqHkfpard o

fgrsPNwd gks.;kpk vFkZ vkiY;k fiz; yksdkaps pkfj«; ifrr dj.ks vkf.k R;kyk vkiY;k

x`gLFk thoukfo”k;h vukLFkkoku cufo.ks uOgs- óh o iq:”kkae/;s lq)k ifo= izse vlw

‘kdrs- ;kr dlykgh nks”k ukgh ijarq tsOgk rh eS=h dkeqdrs}kjs fo”kkDr gksÅ ykxrs

rsOgk ln~Hkkouspk vkMkslk ?ksÅu R;kekxs n`”V mn~ns’;p lk/; dsY;k tkr vkgs] vlsp

letk;yk gos- ;ksX; rj gsp jkghy dh gh eS=h fo”kkDr gksÅ u;s vkf.k ;kP;k

nwjxkeh nq”ifj.kkekauk O;Drh o lektkyk Hkksxkos ykxw u;s-

vkeP;k nqlÚ;k bafnz;kauk lq)k la;ekps f’k{k.k feGk;yk gos- vkeP;k

MksGîkkae/;s ‘kq) lkSan;kZyk c?k.;kph vkdka{kk rj vlkoh] ijarq dkeqdrspk nqHkkZousus

pgqdMs fo[kqjysY;k lkSan;kZyk R;kauh c?kw u;s- ;keqGs vkEgkyk dkghp izkIr gks.kkj

ukgh] myV vkeph vkarfjd ‘kDrhp ;keqGs u”V gksbZy] eukph O;kdqGrk foukdkj.k

ok<sy] eu dyqf”kr gksbZy] okbZV ekxkZoj vkeph ikoys iMrhy vkf.k ‘ksoVh irukP;k

ekxkZoj xyaMr tk.;kph osG vkeP;koj ;sbZy] Eg.kwu vkeP;k MksGîkkalkBh mi;qDr

gsp vkgs dh R;kauh lqanjrsyk ifo= o mRd`”V v’kk vk/;kfRedrsP;k n`”Vhus c?kkos

vkf.k izR;sd {k.kkyk vkuafnr o lek/kkuh jkg.;kP;k fLFkfryk izkIr djkos- N=irh

f’kokthaP;k lSfudkauh ‘k=q i{kkrhy ,dk lqanj r:.khyk izfr’kks/kkP;k Hkkousus idMwu

vk.kys o fryk N=irh f’kokth leksj izLrqr dsys- f’kokthus R;k lqanjhyk y{;iwoZd

c?khrys vkf.k llEeku fryk frP;k ?kjki;Zar iksgpfo.;kph vkiY;k lSfudkauk vkKk

dsyh- fryk fujksi nsrkauk f’kokthus vkiY;k njckjh yksdkauk EgVys gksrs & ^^ek>h

vkbZ tj brdh lqanj vlrh rj vkt eh lq)k vlkp lqanj jkfgyks vlrks-** vkeps

dku gs J`axkfjd o v’yhyrsyk ,sd.;klkBh ykypkoysys ulkosr- dq.kkph fuank o

  44  

pqxyh dj.;kr R;kauh jl ?ksÅ u;s- cÚ;kp dkgh vko’;d xks”Vh vkEgkyk vtwugh

,sd.ks ckdh vkgs] R;kdMsp vkEgh vkeP;k dkukyk dka oGow u;s\ vkeP;k ukdkus

vkEgh ekal o nk: lkj[;k vHk{; inkFkkZP;k nqxZaf/kykp dka lgu djkos\ ukdkaph

LokHkkfod vkoM gh LoPNrk o lkfRodrsdMs vlkoh] ;ksX; rj gsp jkfgy dh vkeps

ukd gs ;ksX;k ekxkZyk nk[kfo.;kr leFkZ vlkos-

la;ekpk vFkZ gksrks & ‘kfDrph cpr vkf.k vla;e Eg.kts lkeF;kZyk u”V

dj.ks- fouk’kkpk vkJ; ?ks.kkÚ;kaps ,d fnol fnokGa oktrs] rj th O;Drh FkksMs&FkksMs

okpfor vlrs] rhph laink osGksosGh R;kyk vusd izdkjP;k lks;h miyC/k d:u nsrs-

ghp okLrfodrk vkgs- bafæ;kapk la;e gk Lor%yk u”V gks.;kiklwu okpowu le`f)dMs

vxszlj dj.;kpk cqf)iwoZd dsysyk iz;Ru vkgs- gsp czEgp;Z vkgs vkf.k ;krp vkEgk

lok±ps dY;k.k vkgs-

c zãp; Z

czEgp;kZpk vFkZ vkgs & czEg Eg.kts ijesÜoj o p¸kZ Eg.kts fopj.k dj.ks-

vFkkZr ijekRE;kP;k ‘kfDre/;s fopj.k dj.ks] gkp czEgp;kZpk vFkZ gks;- nqlÚ;k

‘kCnkae/;s ;kyk eu] la;e o lnkpkjk}kjs] eu] opu o dekZus mRd`”VrsdMs vxzslj

gks.ks Eg.krk ;sbZy- ghp thoukph Js”Bre Hkwfedk vkgs- ;kdfjrk nh?kZ dkG vH;kl

dj.;kph vko’;drk vlrs- czEgp;kZpk nwljk vFkZ gksrks & tuusafæ;kpk la;e-

okLro rj gsp vkgs dh czEgp;Z gs ,d izdkjps ozr o ri vkgs] T;k}kjs euq”;kyk

thou lk/kuse/;s ykxwu jkgkos ykxrs-

czEgp;Z gh lokZr Js”B ri’p;kZ vkgs- ,dk fo’ks”k izdkjP;k jkg.khekukps o

la;e&vuq’kkluiw.kZ thou tx.;kP;k] Hkkouk o fopkjiz/kku izfØ;sps ukop czEgp;Z

vkgs- ;k n`”Vhus dq.khgh O;Drh vkthou czãp;Z ozrkps ikyu djhr czãpkjh cuwu jkgw

‘kdrks- izkphu dkGkr yksda v’kk izdkjps thou lkekU;i.ks txr vlr- vkt lq)k

vls thou tx.kkÚ;k egkiq:”kkaph deh ukgh-

czEgp;kZeqGs cq)h iz[kj gksrs- bafæ;kaph papy o`Ùkh Fkkacrs] Lej.k ‘kDrh rhoz

gksrs] ekufld ‘kfDarpk fodkl gksrks] fpÙk ,dkxz gksrs] vkfRed cG ok<rs vkf.k

Lokoyacu] fuHkZ;rk o lkglh o`Ùkh ;klkj[ks ln~xq.k vkiksvkip tkx`r gksr tkrkr-

fo|kFkhZ thoukiklwup czãp;kZps ikyu dsY;kus ‘kjhj n`<] eu ifo= o vkRek fueZG

  45  

gksr tkrks] ;keqGs psgÚ;kojhy rst ok<rs o mRlkgke/;s ok< gksrs- vkjksX;] vk;q”;]

rst] fo|k o ‘kDrh&lkeF;Z gs loZ czãp;kZojp vk/kkjhr vkgsr-

eg”khZ n;kuan Lokeh ;kaph fcdkusjP;k egkjktka’kh nkV eS=h gksrh- rs Lokehthauk

usgeh czãp;kZP;k ‘kDrh&izn’kZukfo”k;h cksyr vlr ijarq Lokehth ;k xks”Vhyk usgeh

glwu VkGwu nsr- ,ds fno’kh egkjkt pkj ?kksMÓkkaP;k cXxhyk ?ksÅu izkr%Hkze.kklkBh

r;kj >kys- xkMhokukus ?kksMîkkauk gkd.;klkBh tksjkr pkcwd pkyfoyk- ?kksMs lq)k iw.kZ

‘kfDrus iq<s tk.;klkBh ljlkoys] ijarq ,d bapgh iq<s tkÅ ‘kdys ukgh- ;kyk dkj.k

dk;] gs c?k.;klkBh egkjktkauh ekxs oGwu c?khrys] rsOgk eg”khZuh ,dk gkrkus cXxhyk

idMwu BsoY;kps R;kauk fnlys- la;ekP;k brD;k vQkV ‘kfDryk c?kwu ujs’k

vk’p;Zpdhr >kys-

Hkkjrh; ijaijsuqlkj vk;q”;kyk pkj Hkkxkr fdaok pkj vkJekr okV.;kr vkys

vkgs- ;krhy ifgyk Hkkx tUekiklwu iapohl o”kkZi;Zarpk eku.;kr vkyk vkgs] ;kykp

czãp;kZJe Eg.krkr- ;qodkauh ;k dkGkr la;e&vuq’kklukps ikyu djhr Lor%dfjrk

vko’;d v’kk izR;sd izdkjP;k fo|sps v/;;u d:u] iw.kZ fodflr o lqjf{kr gksÅu

Hkkoh thoukr izos’k dj.;kph r;kjh djk;yk goh- ^lk/ks thou&mPp fopkj* gsp

R;kaps vkn’kZ vlk;yk gos-

fons’kkrhy fo}kaukauh lq)k czãp;kZP;k egRokyk Lohdkj d:u R;kph Qkj

iz’kalk dsyh vkgs- vesfjdsps izfl) izkd`frd fpfdRld MkW- csuhfMDV yqDVk Eg.krkr

& ^tks euq”; ftrD;k tkLr izek.kkr czãp;kZps fo’ks”k :ikus j{k.k djrks] rks

frrD;kp izek.kkr fo’ks”k egRokps dk;Z d: ‘kdrks*- izks- jksfcUlu vkiyh laerh

nsrkauk Eg.krkr& czãpkjh O;Drhph cq)h gh dq’kkxz o ‘kq) vlrs] R;kph ok.kh eksgd

vlrs] Lej.k ‘kDrh rhoz vlrs] LoHkko vkuanh o mRlkgh vlrks- MkW- xksy ,e-Mh-

;kaP;k erkuqlkj czãp;kZeqGs vk/;kfRed ‘kDrh izkIr gksrs- ‘kjhjkr oh;kZpk lapkj

>kY;kus o rs loZ= O;kIr >kY;kus R;kP;k nSoh ‘kfDre/;s foy{k.k ok< gksrs-

usiksfy;u] gs o;kaP;k iapsfolkO;k o”kkZi;Zar dkelq[k rj lksMkp] óhfo”k;h

lq)k vkÑ”V >kys uOgrs] U;wVuP;k MksD;kr ;kSukd”kZ.kkpk Hkko mByk vlrk rj R;kauh

vkiyh cq)h fulxkZps jgL; tk.k.;k,soth vifjfer dke&lq[kkyk izkIr dj.;kr

ykoyh vlrh- tUetkr izfrHkk ;k v/kkseq[kh ukgh rj m/oZeq[kh vlrkr vkf.k

R;kaP;ka}kjs dke&lq[kk is{kk eksBs lq[k o vkuan yksdkauk feGr vlrks] vkeP;k ns’kkr

rj [kÚ;k o ‘kk’or lq[kkP;k izkIrhe/;s dkeoklusyk eq[; vMFkGk eku.;kr vkyk

  46  

vkgs- Jh jkeÑ”.k ijegal gs fookfgr vlwu lq)k ;ksxh iq:”kkaizek.ks thou txysr-

Lokeh jkerhFkZ o Hkxoku cq)kauh rj m/oZeq[kh lq[kkdfjrk r:.k iRuhpk lq)k R;kx

dsyk gksrk- egkRek xka/khuh 36 o”ksZ o;kuarj dkeoklusyk iw.kZi.ks fu;af=r dsys gksrs-

;keqGs R;kaP;k thoukr izlUursps dkjats QwVr vls- oLrqr% ;kSu mYgklkyk ;ksX;

fns’ksr oGfo.ks Eg.ktsp dkerRokpk ifj”dkj dj.ks vkgs- eukoj dBksji.ks vadq’k

yko.;k,soth o dBh.k ri’p;sZpk ekxZ vaxhdkj.;k,soth varjaxkrhy lkeF;kZyk ;ksX;

fn’kk fnY;k xsyh rj vusd ifj.kkedkjd ifjfLFkfrauk mRiUu dsY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs-

c zãp;k Zpk i zH k ko &

czãp;kZps ikyu gk thoukpk vfuok;Z Hkkx vkgs czãp;kZP;k cGkojp

euq”;ke/;s vusd xq.kkapk fodkl gksr vlrks- ;k txkr ts dq.kh LoLFk] lqanj] :ioku]

dkafroku] euksgj fnlwu iMrkr vkf.k ‘kkS;Z] vkst] ijkØe] cqf)eÙkk] lkSE;rk] Js”Brk

bR;knh xq.kkauh vksrizksr letY;k tkrkr] rs loZ czãp;kZeqGsp vkgs- czãp;kZps ikyu

dj.kkjh O;fDrp ‘kkS;Z o fot;kyk oj.k djhr vlrs] tsOgk dh czãp;kZpk vHkko gk

R;kP;k iru] ijkHko o fouk’kkpsp dkj.k cur vlrs- brds vlwu lq)k vktps

foMacu gsp vkgs dh jkstP;k thoukr czãp;kZpk vHkkop loZ= fnlwu ;sr vkgs- ts

;qod czãp;kZps j{k.k d: ‘kdr ukgh] rs fHk=s] nhu&ghu] :X.k o detksj vlrkr-

czãp;kZeqGsp ,[kk|kpk iq:”kkFkZ ok<r vlrks- ts iq:”kkFkhZ vkgsr rsp lkgl o fgaerhus

dkes d: ‘kdrkr- rsp vMp.khapk lkeuk djrkr vkf.k mRlkgh] tkx`r] ‘kfDroku o

n`< fu’p;h vlrkr- R;kauk vktkj lrkfor ukghr] okluk R;kauk papy cufor ukgh

vkf.k nqcZyrk R;kauk ykpkj djhr ukgh- v’kk O;Drh izHkkoh O;fDreRokP;k vlrkr-

n;k] {kek] ‘kkarrk] ijksidkj] izse o ln~Hkkouk R;kP;k thoukr vkslaMwu okgr vlrs-

dehr deh iapsohl o”ksZ o;ki;Zar ts eu] opu o dekZus n`<i.ks czãp;kZps ikyu

djrkr] rs Lor%yk thouh ‘kfDrus vksrizksr vlysys vuqHkorkr- rs vkstLoh o

cyoku curkr- R;kaP;k vaxk&çR;axkrwu lkSn;Z vkslaMr vlrs- R;kP;k psgÚ;koj

vfHkuo rstkyk c?khrY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs-

czãp;kZps ikyu u dj.kkjh O;Drh gh U;wuxaMrsP;k Hkkousus xzLr vlrs- frps

dks.kR;kgh dkekr eu ykxr ukgh] rh lqLr jkgrs] frpk LoHkko fpMdk curks] rh

jkxhV curs o frP;k eukr lrr ?kk.ksjMs o dkeqd fopkj nkVwu ;sr vlrkr- R;kauk

v’yhy fp= c?k.ks o v’yhy iqLrds okp.ks vkoMrs- J`axkfjd dknacÚ;k o

fo”k;oklus laca/kh iqLrdkrp R;k jl ?ksrkr- ?kk.ksjMs fluses] ?kk.ksjMs xhr o v’yhy

  47  

pkGs] cl ! gsp R;kps nSo cuwu tkrs- T;kaps eu gs usgeh v’kkp izdkjP;k

gkypkyhe/;s ykxysys vlrs] rs ‘kkGsP;k vH;klkr :ph dls ?ks.kkj\ v’kk izdkjps

eqya&eqyh uk Lor% vH;kl djrkr] uk nqlÚ;kauk d: nsrkr Eg.kwu vki.k ;kiklwu

okp.;kpk fopkj uDdhp djkok-

gs rj ,dk vla;eh O;fDrP;k ekufld Lrjkfo”k;h lkax.ks >kys- vkrk R;kP;k

‘kkjhfjd fLFkfrdMs c?kk- ‘kjhjkr detksjh] Ropk dksestysyh] xky fipdysys] MksGs

:{k] xkykaoj eq:ekaps Mkx] ‘kjhjkoj iMysys dkGs Mkx] ‘kjhjkrhy lka/;kae/;s gks.kkÚ;k

vlgîk osnuk] rGgkr o rGik;kyk ?kke ;s.ks] vth.kZ] c)dks”Brk] jk=hyk gks.kkjk

LoIunks”k] MksGîkkaleksj va/kkjh ;s.ks] FkksMîkk’kk ifjJekus Fkdok ;s.ks] ?ksjh ;s.ks] cs’kq/nh

;s.ks bR;knh ‘kkjhfjd detksjh v’kk vkgsr] T;k czãp;kZps ikyu u dj.kkÚ;k

;qodkae/;s fnlr vlrkr- v’kk r:.kkauk rj d/kh&d/kh xehZ] izesg ;klkj[ks fuanuh;

vktkj lq)k tMrkr-

‘k=waoj fot; feGfoY;kuarj nsox.k eg”khZ nRrk=s;kadMs xsys o R;kauk iz’u dsyk

& ^Hkxoark ! nksunk ijkHko o ‘ksoVh fot;] ;kps jgL; dk;\* rsOgk eg”khZ Eg.kkys

& ^euq”; tksi;Zar lnkpkjh o la;eh vlrks] rksi;Zar R;kr R;kph iw.kZ ‘kDrh fo|eku

vlrs vkf.k tsOgk rks okbZV ekxkZoj vkiys ikÅy Vkdrks rsOgk R;kph v/khZ ‘kDrh gh

{kh.k gksÅu clrs- ijL=hps vigj.k dj.;kP;k iz;Rukr vlqjkaph ‘kDrh u”V >kyh

gksrh Eg.kwup R;kauk ftad.ks rqEgkl lgt ‘kD; >kys*

c zãp;k Zp s j{ k. k djko s &

fd’kksjkoLFksrwu rk:.;koLFksr izos’k dj.;kpk osG Qkjp uktwd vlrks- ;k

dkGkr ;qodkauh Lor%yk lkaHkGys rj Bhd] ukgh rj R;kaps fc?kM.ks o dqekxkZoj

tk.;klkBh lektkr brdh tkLr izyksHkus iljysyh vkgsr dh pkaxY;k dqVqackrhy

;qod lq)k okbZV ekxkZus tkrkauk fnlwu ;srkr- rk#.; gs czEgp;kZoj voyacwu vkgs]

Eg.kwu la;ekus jkgk ;keqGs rk#.;kps j{k.k vkiksvkip gksbZy-

Vsyhfotu] flusek o ?kk.ksjMs lkfgR; gs frUgh r#.kkauk feVfo.;kr ykxysys

vkgsr- gs v’yhyrsyk HkMdkforkr vkf.k r#.kkauk okbZV ekxkZus ykorkr- vki.k

nwjn’kZups dk;ZØe c?kr vlky rj QDr R;kp dk;ZØekauk c?kk] T;kapk thou

fufeZrh‘kh toGpk laca/k vkgs- QDr euksjatukRed o Kkuo/kZd /kkjkokfgdkaukp c?kk-

cs<c dk;ZØekauk c?kwu vki.kkl dk; feGsy\ R;kyk lksMwu |k o lkj rRokyk xzg.k

  48  

djk] tj vki.kkae/;s v’kk izdkjs fu.kZ; ?ks.;kph ‘kDrh fodflr >kyh vlsy rj

vki.k Vsyhfotu o flusekP;k okbZV izHkkokiklwu uDdhp okpw ‘kdky-

czãp;Z vkEgkyk lk/ks thou o mPp fopkj Lohdkj.;kps f’k{k.k o izsj.kk nsr

vlrs- ;klkscrp lgdk;Z] lgp;Z vkf.k ikfo«;iwoZd thou fuokZg dj.;kpk ekxZ

lq)k rs iz’kLr djrs- czãp;kZP;k cGkoj euq”; egkekuokP;k fLFkfre/;s tkÅu

iksgkspr vlrks-

c zãp; Z j{ k. k kp s mik; &

1- lw;ksZn;kiwohZ mBkos- jkst ldkGh fQjk;yk tkos o /kkokos-

2- fu;feri.ks ;ksxklu&izk.kk;ke djkok-

3- vadqfjr vUukph U;kgjh djkoh- rsydV] vkacV] fr[kV o elkysnkj inkFkk±pk

iz;ksx vkgkjkr deh izek.kkr djkok-

4- ,[kknk oklukRed fopkj eukr ;srkp] eukrY;k eukr ;k fopkjkaps lrr euu

djkos dh eh fo’kq) vkRek vkgs] loZ bafæ; ekÖ;k rkC;kr vkgsr] eh usgeh

‘kqHk fopkj djrks] ek>k ladYi egku vkgs] eh fo”k;&oklusP;k rkoMhr Qlw

‘kdr ukgh-

5- czEgpkjh cu.;kr Lor%ph izfr”Bk letkoh-

6- eukyk ‘kq) o lkfRod fopkjkae/;s ykowu Bsokos-

7- lnkpkjh cu.;kpk ladYi djkok-

8- eqyha fo”k;h ifo= Hkkouk Bsokoh-

9- urZdh o uVîkkauh dsysys xk;u&oknu] u`R;&vfHku; ;kaps fparu o Lej.k d#

u;s-

10- ‘kjhj] ex rs Lor%ps vlks dh nqlÚ;kps] R;kyk ekrhpk xksGk letkok- vkRek]

psruk o izk.k rRokaojp fopkj djkok- ;keqGs okluk nwj iGsy-

11- ladYi djkok dh vkEgh lnkpkjh cuwu iq<s vxzslj gksÅ vkf.k nqlÚ;kauk lq)k

iq<s usÅ-

lk/ ku l ain spk ln qi;k sx djkok

;k txkr lk/kukaph deh dqBsgh ukgh- R;kauk Lor%ph ;ksX;rk] Je’khyrk o

euks;ksxkyk ok<owu bfPNr izek.kkr izkIr djrk ;srs- bekunkjhP;k ekxkZus defo.kkjs o

Js”B iz;kstukae/;sp R;kpk mi;skx dj.kkjs /kukyk lkFkZd cufor vlrkr- iS’kkP;k

  49  

FkksMîkk’;k ek=spk lq)k lnqi;ksx dsY;kl rs vkEgkl egku QG iznku djhr vlrs]

tsOgk dh foiqy laink vl.kkjs R;kpk nq:i;ksx d:u R;kyk rj u”V djrkrp]

R;kf’kok; Lor%yk lq)k u”V d:u ?ksrkr- ukose/;s fNnz >kY;kl rh vkiksvkip

ik.;kr Mwcr vlrs-

;ksX;rk] Je o euks;ksxkP;k la;ksxkusp lk/kuakph fufeZrh gksÅu rh ok<r

vlrkr] gh ,d usgeh Lej.kkr Bso.kkjh okLrfodrk vkgs- iSlk gk izkekf.kdi.ks

defoY;kus o pkaxY;k dk;kZr [kpZ dsY;kus lkFkZdh ykxr vlrks] rlsp R;kpk

nq#i;ksx dsY;kl rks ?kkrd lq)k Bjrks- fNnz ul.kkjh NksVh’kh uko vkEgkyk

HkolkxjkP;k ikj ykow ‘kdrs] ijarq fNnz vl.kkjh eksBîkkr eksBh uko vkEgkyk ;k

lkxjkr Mwcowu Vkdrs- lk/kukauk defo.ks gs euq”;kP;k vkiY;kp gkrkr vkgs- vR;ar

ekxklysyk ifjfLFkrhe/;s lq)k vusd O;fDrauh iq:”kkFkZ d:u Lor%yk lk/kulaié

cufoys vkgs- ;kdfjrk Lor%e/;s ;ksX;rk vl.ksp iwjsls ukgh- esgurhph deh o

dkekae/;s rUe;rspk vHkko vlY;kl] vlysyh rh ;ksX;rk lq)k fujFkZd Bjr vlrs-

lk/kukauk defoY;kuarj lq)k tj R;kP;k lnqi;ksxkpk ekxZ r;kj dsY;k xsyk ukgh rj

R;kyk defo.;kr ykxysys loZ ifjJe gs O;FkZ tkr vlrkr- ;keqGs defo.kkÚ;kyk

rj d”V iksgksprkrp] R;kf’kok; rks vi;’kkpk Hkkxhnkj lq/nk curks-

thou&fuokZgkdfjrk vusd oLrqaph vko’;drk iMrs- ;k vko’;drsyk iw.kZ

dj.;klkBh Je gos] ijarq Jek}kjs loZ vko’;d oLrqauk tefo.;klkBh Lor%toG

Hkjiwj osG vl.ks lq)k vko’;d vkgs- Eg.kwu Jekps ewY; iS’kkP;k :ikus izkIr

dj.;kph o R;k iS’kk}kjs fofo/k vko’;drsyk iw.kZ dj.;kph O;oLFkk cufo.;kr

vkyh vkgs- iSlk defo.;kpk eq[; mÌs’; thou fuokZgkdfjrk nSuafnu o ewyHkwr

vko’;drsyk iw.kZ dj.ks vkgs-

dkGkP;k izHkkokus vkt ekuoh thoukr iS’kkyk Qkj egRokps LFkku izkIr >kys

vkgs- euq“;kps ygkui.k o eksBsi.k gs vkt iS’kkP;k :ikrp ekstY;k tkÅ ykxys

vkgs- iS’kk}kjs loZ&lq[k lks;h] loZ izdkjph ;ksX;rk o ‘kDrh vkt fodr ?ksrY;k

tkr vkgs- iS’kkyk vkt ts vuqfpr o Qkj tkLr egRo izkIr >kys vkgs] R;kdMs tjh

vkEgh y{k fnys ukgh] rjh iS’kkph vko’;drk izR;sdkykp iMr vlrs] ;k xks”Vhyk

rj ekukos ykxsyp- vUu] oL= o fuokÚ;kdfjrk iS’kkph xjt Hkklrs- vfrfFkapk

lRdkj] dqVqackps ikyu&iks”k.k] eqykaps f’k{k.k] yXu rlsp vkS”k/kksipkj] nq?kZVuk] vo”kZ.k

  50  

fdaok ;klkj[ksp ,[kkns ladV vpkudi.ks leksj vkY;kl R;kdfjrk FkksMk&Qkj iSlk

izR;sd dqVqackdMs vl.ks vko’;dp vkgs-

thoukP;k vko’;drspk fopkj dsY;kl ;k lk/ku çkIrhph dkgh e;kZnk vFkok

dlksVh Bjfork ;sr ukgh- euq”;kP;k dkgh vko’;drk vfuok;Z vlrkr] dkgh

lk/kkj.k rj dkgh Qkjp vko’;d vlrkr- vkiY;k Lor%P;k vkfFkZd fLFkfrdMs

c?kwup izR;sdkus gh O;oLFkk cuok;yk goh dh vk/kh Lor%P;k vfuok;Z vko’;drsph

iwrZrk Ogkoh vkf.k uarj nqlÚ;k vko’;drk iw.kZ OgkO;kr-

cjsp’ks yksda iS’kkP;k mi;ksfxrsyk Lor%ph [kksVh izfr”Bk nk[kfo.;kr vkf.k

fn[kkoVh Jhearh] QW’ku o nqO;Zlukauk iw.kZ dj.;klkBhp letr vlrkr] vlk fopkj

dj.ks Eg.kts QDr Lor%psp uqdlku dj.ks uOgs] rj rs lektklkBh lq)k uqdlkunk;d

vkgs- ;kyk dkj.k gsp dh] rs xjhc yksda T;kaP;kdMs Lor%P;k vfuok;Z vko’;drk

iw.kZ dj.;klkBh iSlk ulrks] rs v’kk FkkVkekVkP;k] fn[kkoVh o QW’kuscy thoukykp

eksBsi.kkps y{k.k letwu clrkr vkf.k Lor%toG iqjslh lk/kus ulY;keqGs nqlÚ;ka’kh

bZ”;kZ djrkr- le`) dqVqacke/;s lq)k viO;;keqGs iq.kZr% u”V >kysyh vusd mnkgj.ks

fnlwu ;srkr- viO;;kps ,dek= dkj.k vkepk vnwjn’khZi.kkp vkgs- vkEgh iS’kkyk

[kksV~;k FkkVkekVkP;k iwrhZps ,d lk/ku ek= ekuys vkgs o gk vkepk dsoG ,d

ew[kZi.kkp vkgs- ;ksX; rj gsp jkghy dh Lor%P;k vko’;drk iw.kZ dsY;kuarj f’kYyd

jkghysY;k iS’kkph cpr dsY;k tkoh] th ,[kk|k dBh.k dkGke/;s vkeP;k mi;ksxh

iMsy fdaok ,[kk|k nqlÚ;k pkaxY;k dk;kZr R;kyk ykork ;sbZy-

,dnk jsYosr izokl djrkauk xka/khthauh ,dk óh yk EgVys & ^vxa rkbZ ! rw

pkaxys diMs ?kkyw ‘kdr ukghl rj dehr&deh ;kauk LoPN rj d:u ?;k;ps uk !

rsOgk rh óh Eg.kkyh] ^ckiw! eh dj.kkj rjh dk;\ ek÷;ktoG QDr ,dp lkMh

vkgs] ;kykp dlsrjh vaxkojp /kwowu okGowu ?ksr vlrs*- óh ps cksy.ks ,sdwu

xka/khthaps MksGs Hk:u vkys o rs Eg.kkys & ^T;k ns’kkr brds nkfjnz~; vlsy frFks

QW’kuscy thou tx.ks ‘kD;p ukgh* vls Eg.kwu R;kauh Lor% v/ksZ /kksrj ?kkywu ckdhps

v/ksZ vaxkoj vks<.;kph izfrKk dsyh vkf.k ;k izfrKsyk ejsi;Zar frrD;kp lgtrsus

fuHkfoys-

vkEgh ftrD;k FkkVkekVkps thou txw] Lor%P;k Jhearhps ftrds tkLr izn’kZu

d: vkf.k Lor%P;k xjtkauk ftrds tkLr ok<ow] yksda vkEgkyk frrdsp tkLr lq[kh

letrhy] v’kk izdkjpk fopkj dj.ks ewGkrp pwdhps vkgs- ;keqGs yksdkauh vkiY;kyk

  51  

lq[kh tjh letys rjh ;k O;FkZ vko’;drsyk ok<owu T;k vkfFkZd fooapuk vkEgh

Lor%dfjrk mH;k djhr vlrks] R;k vkEgkyk Qkj okbZV izdkjs nq%[kh d:u lksMrkr-

;k —f=e vko’;drk Eg.kts vlk nqxqZ.k vkgs] T;k}kjs euq”; Lor%P;k Ikk;koj Lor%p

dqÚgkM pkyfor vlrks- ;keqGs vkfFkZd vMp.kh rj ;srkrp] f’kok; oS;fDrd o

dqVqackP;k fodklke/;s vMFkGs lq)k mRié gksrkr-

QW’kuP;k O;lukus vkt loZp xzLr vkgsr- QW’kups çLFk ok<Y;keqGs iS’kkpk

viO;; rj gksrp vkgs] f’kok; vax izn’kZu gs lq)k vkt QW’kupsp ,d vax cuwu

xsys vkgs o ;keqGs vkeP;k uSfrd ewY;kaoj Qkj okbZV izHkko iMr vkgs- iS’kkP;k

ykylsik;h dqVaqcke/;s dyg] dVqrk o vusd okbZV xq.k ok<hl ykxys vkgsr- fo|kFkhZ

oxZ lq)k ;kiklwu lqVysyk ukgh] rj R;kr QW’ku o fn[kkoVhph ykylk Qkj fod`r

gksr pkyysyh vkgs] ts vkbZ&oMhy] vkiY;k eqykaP;k QW’kuP;k bPNsyk iw.kZ d:

‘kdr ukgh o R;klkBh iSls nsÅ ‘kdr ukgh rs ,drj eqykaP;k utjsr okbZV cuys

vkgsr fdaok vkfFkZd ladVkauk lkeksjs tkr vkgsr- ‘kjhj >kd.;klkBh] o FkaMh&xjeh

iklwu R;kaps j{k.k dj.;klkBh diMîkkaph xjt vlrs- ijarq rks dkiM Qkj egkxMk]

uO;k i)rhpk o fMtkbupkp vlkok] gs dkgh vko’;d ukgh- iksV Hkj.;klkBh

lkfRod o ikS”Vhd Hkkstu dj.ks vko’;d vkgs] ijarq yksd Lor%P;k LoknklkBh o

eksBsi.kk nk[kfo.;klkBh fe”Vké Hkkstu vkf.k fdrhrjh pVksjs inkFkZ [kkr vlrkr o

R;keqGs vktkjh iMwu vkiY;k esgurhP;k iS’kkyk O;FkZ xekfor vlrkr- iksV

Hkj.;klkBh o vkjksX;kP;k n`f”Vus tj R;kauh [kkYys vlrs rj Qkjp deh [kpkZe/;s

R;kaps dke pkyys vlrs- egkxMh oós] vkgkj] yXu lekjaHk] Hkkstu lekjksg] O;lu]

QW’ku o nkxnkfx.;kae/;s th O;Drh ftrdk tkLr iSlk mMfors] rh frrdhp Jhear o

eksBh letY;k tkrs- tj R;kp iS’kkyk ;k vuko’;d xks”Vhe/;s [kpZ u djrk R;kyk

,[kk|k pkaxY;k O;olk;kr] dkekae/;s] f’k{k.k fdaok lkekftd mRFkkukP;k dk;kZr

ykoY;k xsys rj ;kiklwu vkEgkyk QDr ykHkp feG.kkj ukgh rj vkeph ‘kkjhfjd]

ekufld o lkekftd mUurh lq)k ;keqGs gksÅ ‘kdrs-

lektkrhy vf/kdka’k vkfFkZd xqUgsxkjhps ewG gs iS’kkP;k ;k mn~n.M o

vfoosdiw.kZ izn’kZukrp yiysys vkgs- v’kk ;k vuko’;d [kpkZauk iw.kZ dj.;klkBh

;ksX;&v;ksX; v’kk loZ lk/kukapk iz;ksx euq”;kyk djkok ykxrks- izR;{kkr ;kaps

ifj.kke gs csbZekuh] ykpyqpir] pksjh] gR;k] x`gdyg bR;knhaP;k :ikusp c?krk ;srkr-

  52  

iSlk defo.ks lksis vkgs] ijarq R;kyk [kpZ dj.ks Qkj dBh.k vkgs- Jhear vlks

ok xjhc] viO;; rj dq.khp d# u;s] çR;sdkus iS’kkyk foosd cqf)us deokos o

fopkjiwoZd R;kyk [kpZ djkos-

dekfoysY;k iS’kkyk viO;;kiklwu jks[k.ks gs lq)k ,dizdkjs iS’kkyk defo.ksp

vkgs- vYi[kfpZdi.kkps vkeP;k thoukr Qkj egRokps LFkku vkgs- gk ,d vlkekU;

xq.k vkgs- ts yksda ;kP;k egRokyk letr ukghr o R;kP;k ‘kfDriklwu vifjfpr

vlrkr] rs usgeh vkfFkZd ladVkr Qlysys vlrkr- ;kf’kok; dqVaqckP;k mUurhpk ekxZ

lq)k rs vMowu Vkdrkr- T;k O;Drh Lor%P;k ewyHkqr vko’;drsP;k iwrZrslkBh

iS’kkpk mi;ksx djrkr] viO;; djhr ukgh] R;akps thou usgehp lq[kh o vkuanh

vlrs] Eg.kwup lk/ksi.kkyk Hkkjrh; ijaijse/;s Qkj egRokps LFkku ns.;kr vkys vkgs-

;k ozrkyk thoukr vk.kwu vkeP;k iwoZtkauh v’kk Kkukph egku lk/kuk dsyh gksrh] dh

T;keqGs laiw.kZ txkr Hkkjrkyk lH;rspk lw;Z] o Kku&foKkukpk ns’k ekuY;k xsys o

;kP;kp cGkoj R;kyk txn~xq: EgVY;k xsys- vkeps LoxhZ; jk”Vªirh MkW jktsUnzizlkn gs

tsOgk jkaaph ¼fcgkj½ izoklkr xsys gksrs- rsOgk R;kaP;k ik;kr tksMîkkpk f[kGk :rr

vlY;keqGs R;kauh uos tksMs ekxfoys- lsØsVjhus 19 :i;kps tksMs fodr vk.kys- fdaer

,sdwu rs Qkj dkGthr iMys o Eg.kkys] ^ngk :i;kP;k tksMîkkus lq)k ek>s dke pkyw

‘kdys vlrs*- lsØsVjh tsOgk R;kyk ijr dj.;klkBh fu?kkys] rsOgk rs Eg.kkys &

^vkrk nqdkukr xsY;kus xkMhP;k isVªksypk [kpZ lq)k gksbZy- ;kis{kk ;ksX; rj gsp vkgs

dh xkMh tsOgk d/kh frdMua ,[kk|k nqlÚ;k dkeklkBh tkbZy rsOgk R;kyk ijrwu

?;kos* jk”Vªirhapk lk/ksi.kk o vYi[kfpZd thou c?kwu frFks mifLFkr loZ yksda Qkj

izHkkfor >kys-

euq”;kyk feGkysY;k vusd ln~xq.kkauk tj ;ksX; izdkjs fu;ksftr dsY;k xsys rj

oS;fDrd vlks ok lkekftd] izR;sd {ks=kr LoxhZ; ifjfLFkfrauk mRiUu dsY;k tkÅ

‘kdrs- ;k okLrfodrsyk let.;kr vkeph cq)h v{ke ukgh ijarq okLrfodrk let.ks

osxGs vkgs o R;kyk pfjrkFkZ dj.ks osxGs- ln~xq.kkauk ;ksX; fn’ksr fu;ksftr dj.ks

la;elk/kus f’kok; ‘kD; ukgh- la;ekP;k o`Rrhpk fodkl o la;e lk/kuspk vH;kl

vkEgh ftrD;k rRijrsus d:] vkRedY;k.k o yksdY;k.kkP;k fn’ksus frrdhp tkLr

izxrh dj.ks vkEgkyk ‘kD; gksbZy-

[kp Z dj.;kvk/ k h fopkj djk

  53  

vkEgh euq”; ;ksuh e/;s tsOgk tUe ?ksryk vkgs] rsOgk ;kpk vFkZ gkp gksrks dh

lq[kh o lqO;ofLFkri.ks thou tx.;kpk vf/kdkj lq)k vkEgkyk vkiksvkip feGkysyk

vkgs- ;kdfjrk dks.kR;kgh ;qxkr] ex rs ;qx dlsgh dka vlks] iS’kkph vko’;drk

iM.kkj] gs uDdhp- iS’kkpk vHkko vlY;kl] lq[kkus rj lksMkp] lkekU; thou txw

‘kd.ks lq)k vkEgkyk ‘kD; gksr ukgh- ijarq ;klkscrp vkiY;k mRiUukP;k loZ

óksrk}kjs] vktP;k o ;s.kkÚ;k Hkfo”;krhy [kpkZae/;s ;ksX; larqyu lk/k.ks lq)k

vko’;d vkgs] rsOgkp euq”; lq[k&’kkarhps thou txw ‘kdrks- Hkfo”;kdfjrk iSlk

okpfo.;klkBh vkt vYi[kfpZd vl.ks Qkj vko’;d vkgs- th O;Drh vkiY;k

thoukP;k vko’;drsyk e;kZfnr Bsors] rhp [kjh ferO;;h vkgs- lar dchjkauh

Hkxoarkyk uez fuosnu dsys gksrs-

^^lkbZ bruk nhft,] tkes dqVqae lek;]

eSa Hkh Hkw[kk u jgwWa] lk/kw uk Hkw[kk tk;s AA**

vFkkZr gs Hkxoark ! eyk brds /ku rj uDdhp ns] dh T;k}kjs ek÷;k dqVqackpk

fuokZg O;ofLFkri.ks gksÅ ‘kdsy vkf.k dks.krkgh lk/kq&lar vFkkZr vfrFkh ek÷;k ?kjh

vkY;kl R;kph lsok dj.ks lq)k ekÖ;k’kh lgt ‘kD; gksbZy- thoukrhy izR;sd

{ks=kr] dqVqackdfjrk rlsp nSuafnu O;ogkjklkBh iS’kkph vko’;drk euq”;kyk Hkklr

vlrs- ijarq vkiY;k vko’;drsyk e;kZfnr Bsowu Lor%P;k ‘kfDr}kjs R;kyk iw.kZ dj.ks

gsp R;klkBh Qkj lq[knk;d Bjrs- Lor%P;k xjtk deh dj.;klkBh o ferO;;h

gks.;klkBh çR;sdkyk cq)h [kpZ djkoh ykxrs-

egkRek xka/kh gs Qkj lq{en’khZ egkiq:”k gksrs- R;kaP;k fl)karkuqlkj euq”;kus

frrdsp Hkkstu djk;yk gos ftrds tx.;klkBh vko’;d vkgs] frrdsp oó

?kkyk;yk gos ftrds ‘kjhjkP;k j{k.kkdfjrk vko’;d vkgsr vkf.k Lor%toG lkeku

lq)k frrdsp Bsokos ftrds rks Lor% mpywu dqBs usÅ ‘kdrks- Lor%P;k xjtk o

oLrqauk brds tkLr ok<owu ns.ks dh T;keqGs vkEgkyk nqlÚ;kaoj vkfJr Ogkos ykxsy-

gh xks”V euq”;klkBh [kjks[kj Qkjp yTtkLin vkgs-

NksVîkk&NksVîkk xks”Vhae/;s gks.kkÚ;k iS’kkP;k viO;;kdMs y{k ns.ks lq)k Qkj

vko’;d vkgs- vkEgh ikp&ngk :i;kaps dkgh egRop letr ukgh- okLrfodi.ks

gsp rs ekxZ vkgsr] T;k}kjs viO;;kph lo; vkeP;k thoukr izos’k djhr vlrs]

Eg.kwu ;qodkuks ! ;k ckcrhr cslko/k jkgw udk- tgktkP;k rGkrhy ,d NksVsls fNnz

lq)k R;kyk Mqcfo.;klkBh iqjsls vlrs- vkeP;k thoukr viO;;kph Hkkouk] ex rh

  54  

NksVh vlks ok eksBh] vlwp u;s] euq”;kyk iFkHkz”V dj.;klkBh gh FkksMh tjh vlyh

rjh iqjs’kh vkgs- nksu fe= lkscr&lkscr [ksGysr] f’kdysr vkf.k lkscrp eksBs >kys-

,d /kuk<~; dqVqackrhy gksrk o R;kyk eukizek.ks [kpZ dj.;kph iw.kZ lwV gksrh- nqljk

xjhc ijarq laLdkfjr ?kjkrhy gksrk- rks usgeh e;kZfnr [kpZ djhr vls- Jhear fe=

tksi;Zar R;klkscr gksrk] Lor%P;k viO;;ke/;s lkscr dj.;klkBh rks R;kyk usgehp

vkeaf=r djhr vls- ijarq xjhc fe= R;kP;k ;k vkea=.kkdMs d/khp y{k nsr uls]

ckdh xks”Vhfo”k;h ek= rks R;kiklwu ekxZn’kZu ?ksr vls o R;kyk vuko’;d [kpZ u

dj.;kpk lYyk lq)k nsr vls-

dkgh fnolkuarj rks xjhc fe= ,dk fo|ky;kpk iz/kkukpk;Z cuyk rj /kuk<îk

fe=kus O;olk;kr vkiyk iSlk xqarfoyk] Lor%P;k viO;;kP;k lo;heqGs /kuk<îk fe=

vkiY;k loZ lairhpk loZuk’k d:u clyk] ,dnk nks?kkaph HksV ,dk nok[kk.;kr

>kyh- nqO;ZlukeqGs /kuk<~; fe=kps fyoj [kjkc >kys gksrs- nks?kkauhgh ,d&nqlÚ;kpk

gkygoky ,sdyk] rsOgk ,dsdkGh] Jhear vlysY;k R;k fe=kP;k MksGîkkr vJq Hk:u

vkys] rks Eg.kkyk & fe=k ! eh rq>s Eg.k.ks vk/kh ,sdys vlrs rj vkt ek>h gh

voLFkk >kyh ulrh-* nqlÚ;k fe=kus R;kfo”k;h lgkuqHkwrh n’kZfoyh vkf.k ftrdk ‘kD;

gksbZy] frrdk vkfFkZd lg;ksx nsÅu R;kyk iqUgk uO;k fn’ksus thou tx.;k;ksX;

cufoys-

datw”k vl.ks o vYi[kfpZd vl.ks] ;kr rksp Qjd vkgs] tks vlR; o

lR;ke/;s fdaok jk= o fnolke/;s vkgs- ,d datq”k O;Drh] iS’kkdfjrk vkiY;k

thoukrhy vko’;drsps ?kksj neu djrks] R;kph pkeMh tjh fu?kwu xsyh rjh rks ,d

neMhlq/nk [kpZ djhr ukgh- iS’kkph vko’;drk ;kdfjrkp vlrs dh R;k}kjs

thoukP;k vko’;drk iw.kZ OgkO;kr vkf.k lkekU; thoukr euq”; izfr”Bk o

lUekuiwoZd ,dk lkekftd izk.;kP;k #ikus txw ‘kdkok- ijarq datw”k O;Drh gh iS’kkyk

tek dj.;kykp R;kpk mi;ksx letr vlrs- ;kfo#) ferO;;h O;Drh gh lkekftd

dk;k±lkBh eqDr gLrkus nku djrs-

fganw fo’ofo|ky;kps fHk”e firkeg ‘;kekpj.k Ms ;kaps uko loZJwrp vkgs- Ms

ckck lkfRodrk o ferO;;rsps izfrewrhZ gksrs- R;kauh vkiY;k thoukP;k vko’;drsyk

Qkj e;kZfnr d:u Bsoys gksrs- okLro rj gsp gksrs dh rs ek= tx.;klkBh vUu ?ksr

vkf.k ‘kjhjkP;k j{k.kklkBh oó ?kkyhr- R;kaP;k toGhy yksda Eg.kr vlr dh rs

vkgkj lq)k ekstwu&ekiwup ?;k;ps- jkstP;k Hkkth dfjrk vkyw lq)k rs ekstwup nsr]

  55  

ijarq ;k egkiq:”kkus vkiY;k laiw.kZ LovftZr o iSr`d v’kk nksUgh laiRrhyk

fo’ofo|ky;kyk nku d:u Vkdys fo’ofo|ky;kdMwu rs vk;q”;Hkj ixkjkP;k

ukok[kkyh QDr ,d :i;kp ?ksr vlr- Ms ckck v’kk izdkjs ferO;;h thou txys

ulrs rj rs brdk egku R;kx d: ‘kdys vlrs dka\ fo’ofo|ky;kph fufeZrh o

R;kP;k ik;kph etcqrh v’kkp egku R;kxh yksdkaP;k nkukoj vkfJr vkgs-

vkEgkyk dkgh fnol d”Vkus jkgkos ykxr vlsy] rjh jkgkos] ijarq dtkZiklwu

usgeh Lor%yk nwj Bsokos- vls Eg.krkr dh dtkZpk Hkkj ?ksÅu ldkGh mB.;kis{kk

;ksX; gsp vkgs dh jk=h tsou u djrk >ksikos- dqBysgh dtZ ?ksrsosGh vkEgkyk Qkj

vkuan gksr vlrks ijarq R;kph ijrQsM dj.ks gs frrdsp d”Vnk;h o vfiz; okVr

vlrs- euq”; gk ,[kk|kP;k midkjkeqGs m_.kh gksÅ ‘kdrks] rks r`”.ksP;k ca/kukauk rksMwu

eqDrh lq)k feGow ‘kdrks ijarq dtkZps ca/ku gs R;kis{kkgh tkLr nq%[kn vlrs] dtZ

Eg.kts thoukyk ykxysyh dhM vkgs] th vkeP;k lq[k&‘kkarh o ‘kfDarpk loZuk’k

djhr vlrs-

gs y{kkr vlw |k dh ferO;;h cu.;krp vkiys dY;k.k vkgs- Eg.kqu

vkiY;k mRiUukP;k e;kZnsckgsj [kpZ d# udk- vktP;k ,dk&,dk iS’kkph cpr gs

m|kps vuar lq[k cuw ‘kdrs- vkiys orZeku thou o pgqdMhy okrkoj.k gs vusd

izdkjP;k vkdfLedrsus Hkjysys vkgs- R;k vkdfLedrspk ;ksX; izdkjs lkeuk

dj.;klkBh vkt ftrdh tkLr cpr dj.ks ‘kD; gksbZy] frrdh vkEgh vo’;

djkoh] ijarq gs rksi;Zr ‘kD; ukgh] tksi;Zar vkEgh vuko’;di.ks ,d iSlk lq/nk [kpZ

u dj.;kpk fu;e cufor ukgh vkf.k rksi;Zar rjh vki.k uDdhp ferO;;h cuw

‘kd.kkj ukgh o iS’kkpk lap; d: ‘kd.kkj ukgh- Lor%lkBh] Lor%ps dqVqac o

vkfJrkaP;k j{k.kklkBh iS’kkpk laxzg dj.;kpk fu”ks/k dq.khgh o dqBsgh dsysyk ukgh-

izR;sd oLrqyk fodr ?ks.;kvk/kh] izR;sd uO;k xjtsyk ok<fo.;kvk/kh] Lor%yk

gk iz’u fopkjk dh R;k oLrq fdaok xjtsf’kok; vkeps dke pkyw ‘kdr ukgh dka \

R;kdfjrk iSlk [kphZ ?kky.ks vko’;d vkgs dka \ tj R;k oLrq fdaok vko’;drsP;k

vHkkoh vkiY;k thoukyk] vkiY;k izfr”Bsyk o lkekftd laca/kkuk dks.krsp uqdlku

iksgkspr ulsy rj foukdkj.k ,d uoh vko’;drk ok<fo.;kiklwu Lor%yk okpok-

egkRek xka/khthaP;k oS;fDrd oLrq ,dk NksV;k’kk xkBksMhr dqBsgh Bsork ;sr

gksR;k- yaxksV] pknj] pIiy o CyWadsV ;kp rj R;kaP;k thoukP;k vko’;d oLrq

gksR;k- R;kauk u d/kh Øheph xjt Hkklyh] u oWlyhuph] vlk gk e;kZfnr lkeqxzh

  56  

vl.kkjk euq”; ve;kZfnr ‘kDrhpk Lokeh gksrk- ;kaP;k pj.kh Hkkjrkps laiw.kZ oSHko

yksV.;klkBh vkrwj gksrs ijarq R;k egkRE;kyk rj [kÚ;k oSHkokph vko’;drk okVr

gksrh-

ik’pkR; ns’kkaph uDdy dj.kkÚ;k o Lor%P;k ns’kkP;k vko’;drsyk u

let.kkÚ;k O;Drh lq)k ns’kæksghp vkgsr- tj vkiY;kyk Lor%P;k ns’kkP;k

Lok/khursps j{k.k djko;kps vlsy rj ,dk lkekU; euq”;kP;k thou Lrjkyk rqEgkyk

Åap mBokos ykxsy- gs dk;Z izR;sd O;fDraP;k enrhusp gksÅ ‘kdrs- vki.k Lor%

ferO;;h cukos vkf.k vkiY;k lHkksorkyP;k nhu&ghu o nq%[kh O;fDaruk iq<s

vk.k.;kr] R;kaph mUurh dj.;kr enr djkoh- nq/kkP;k u|k izokghr d:u R;kyk

O;FkZ ?kkyfo.kkjs] vkf.k dq«;kauk e[keyhP;k xk|kaoj >ksifo.kkjs gs fol:u clrkr dh

R;kaP;k ns’kkrhy v/;kZis{kk tkLr yksad gs v/ksZiksV tso.k d:u o QkVysY;k diMîkkauh

vaxkyk dls rjh >kdwu vkiys thou txr vkgsr- Eg.kwu vki.kk lokZaps gs drZO;

vkgs dh viO;;:ih jk{klkiklwu vki.k ;k ns’kkps j{k.k djkos vkf.k nhu&ghu

yksdkaph enr djkoh- egkRek VkyLVk; Eg.kr vlr dh ;k ns’kkr tksi;Zar ,d euq”;

tjh Hkqdsyk vlsy] ,d O;Drh tjh ukxMh vlsy] rksi;Zar rjh rqEgkyk nksunk

tso.kkpk o nksu dksV Bso.;kpk dks.krkgh vf/kdkj jkgr ukgh- tj vki.k vls djhr

vlky rj gk vkiyk Hk;adj LokFkZ vkgs vkf.k gh vkiY;k vkierychi.kkph gn~n

vkgs-

O;FkZ Vhdk&VhIi.kh dj.kkÚ;k yksdkaiklwu Lor%yk okpok- QDr ,o<îkkusp

vkiys dY;k.k gksbZy- viO;;] dtZ] foukdkj.k dsysyk FkkV vkf.k O;FkZ [kpZ

djfo.kkÚ;k ijaijsiklwu vkEgh okpkos- vki.k Lor%P;k ?kjkr brdk la;e ckGxw

‘kdys] rj ;k ns’kkyk uDdhp egkRek xka/kh o VkWyLVk;pk ns’k cufo.;kr leFkZ

Ogky- vkiY;k gkrkrp ns’kkyk LoxZ fdaok ujd cufo.ks vkgs-

vki.k Lor%P;k eukoj la;e Bsok] vkiY;k xjtkauk ok<w nsÅ udk] R;kaps neu

djk- cl! brdsp vkiY;klkBh iqjsls vkgs- ;keqGs dkgh fnolkrp vkiyk gk ns’k

iqUgk lqo.kZjk’khauh Hkjysyk vkiY;kyk fnlwu ;sbZy-

de Z djk & deZ;k sxh cuk

nksu ekGh lkscr&lkscrp nksu ckxk ykorkr- dkgh fnolkrp ,dk ekGîkkph

ckx iYyfor gksÅu QGk & Qqykauh cg:u ;srs- laiw.kZ ckx ,dlkj[khp fodflr

  57  

gksÅu vkiY;k lqoklkus o lkSn;kZaus vktwcktwP;k okrkoj.kkyk vkuanhr d:u lksMrs-

th dq.kh O;Drh] ex rks vkiyh vlks vFkok ijdh] fe= vlks ok ‘k=w] R;ktoGwu

fu?krs] R;akps ân; ckxsdMs c?kwu izlUu gksrs] MksGs r`Ir gksrkr vkf.k rsOgk R;kps eu

iqyfdr gksÅu R;kP;k rksaMkrwu vuk;klp gs ‘kCn ckgsj iMrkr & ^^vgkgk ! fdrh

lqanj o euksje ckx vkgs- gh ;kpk ekGh rj Qkjp dq’ky fnlrks vkgs-** vkiY;k ;k

;’kkyk c?kwu o ,sdwu rks ekGh vkiY;k vkRE;ke/;s ,dk vfuoZpuh; vkuankpk

vkLokn ?ksrks- R;kyk vkiY;k Jekps] lk/kusps o vkiY;k dekZps Js; izkIr gksrs-

;kykp deZ&dkS’kY; EgVY;k tkrs o gkp deZ;ksx vkgs-

nqlÚ;k ekGîkkph ckx] dqBs fgjoh rj dqBs :{k o okGysyh fnlwu ;srs] ,[kknh

Qkanh Qqykauh ltysyh vkgs rj nqlÚ;k Qkanhoj ,d iku lq)k fnlwu ;sr ukgh- ,d

>kM ljG mHks fnlrs rj nqljs dq.kkyk ueLdkj dj.;klkj[ks okdysys fnlwu ;srs- dqBs

dGîkk iqf”ir >kysY;k vkgsr] rj dqBs Qqy.;kpk vk/khp dksestwu xsY;k vkgsr-

,[kk|k dksiÚ;krwu lqxa/k ;sr vkgs rj dqBwu dsjdpÚ;kpk nqxZa/k ;sr vkgs- >kMkalkBh

r;kj dsysys okQs lq/nk Bhd ukghr- >kMkauk O;ofLFkri.ks dkiysys ukgh] ckxsr loZ=

vO;oLFkk o vLrkO;Lrrsps lkezkT; iljysys vkgs- ckxsr ,[kk|k fBdk.kh vl.kkjs

lkSna;Z lq)k loZ= iljysY;k dq:irse/;s feGwu dq:i okVr vkgs o R;kr rs iw.kZr%

folaxr o vuqi;qDr fnlwu ;sr vkgs-

v’kh ckx u dq.kkyk izlé d: ‘kdrs] u lqokflr] v’kk R;k ckxstoG

dq.khgh Fkkacr ukgh- dq.khgh R;kph iz’kalk djhr ukgh- vusdnk rj yksdkauk gs tk.kor

lq)k ukgh dh gh ckx vkgs dh ,[kkns ou yksda ;kdMs c?krkr vkf.k rlsp fu?kwu

tkrkr- dq.kkyk dkgh fVIi.kh djko;kph >kY;kl] rks gsp Eg.krks dh gh ckx Qkjp

csdkj vkgs- ;kpk ekGh rj Qkjp v;ksX; o vdq’ky fnlrks vkgs-

cl ! R;k ekG;kps loZ Je o deZ csdkj xsys- R;kph lk/kuk vi;’kh Bjyh

vkf.k rks vkiY;k vkRE;ke/;s ,dk Xykuhyk] {kkse] yTtk] uSjk’; o vlek/kkukyk

vuqHkor jkfgyk ;keqGs R;kps lq[k&lek/kku] Je o Js; vls loZ dkgh u”V gksÅu

xsys- ;kykp vdeZ o vdkS’kY; EgVY;k tkrs-

nks?ksgh ekGh euq”;p vkgsr- nks?kkauhgh ,d lkj[ksp dke dsys- nks?kkatoGhy

lk/kus o lks;h lq)k ,d lkj[;kp gksR;k- nks?kkauhgh ;’kkps y{; Bsowup ifjJe ?ksrys

gksrs] rsOgk ,d ekGh Js;kpk rj nqljk gs;kpk vf/kdkjh dka cuyk\ ;kyk dkj.k gsp

vkgs dh R;kiSdh ,d deZ;ksxh gksrk rj nqljk deZHkksxh-

  58  

,dkus vkiY;k drZO;kP;k izR;sd i{kkoj iw.kZ y{k Bsowu iw.kZ ,dkxzrsus dke

dsys- R;kus ;ksX; osGsoj isj.kh dsyh] ;ksX; osGsoj ik.kh fnys] okQs cufoys] vadqfjr

fidkaps j{k.k o ok<ysY;k >kaMkaoj y{k Bsoys- dqBs ,[kknh nqljh ouLirh rj mxor

ukgh uka \ dqBs dhM rj ykxr ukgh uka\ ,[kkns >kM lqdr rj ukgh uka\- gosaP;k

>ksrkeqGs >kMkaP;k ,[kknk Qkanhyk uqdlku rj iksgkspr ukgh uka\- dksBwu ,[kknk izk.kh

ckxsr ;sÅu R;kyk uqdlku rj iksgkspfor ukgh uka\- v’kk loZ xks”VhadMs R;kus y{k

?kkrys- R;kus fotkrh; ouLirhauk miMwu lkQ dsys- ckxsr ;s.kkÚ;k tukojkapk ekxZ

jks[kyk- R;kP;k ;k lko/ki.kk o tkx:drseqGs R;kyk ;’k o Js;kps vf/kdkjh cufoys-

R;kus deZ;ksxkus ;qDr gksÅu dk;Z dsys] Eg.kwu rks deZ;ksxh cuyk-

nqlÚ;k ekGîkkus ;kiSdh dks.kR;kgh xks”Vhaoj y{k fnys ukgh- R;kus flapukph

O;oLFkk dsyh ukgh- ch;k vadqjhr gksr vkgsr dh ukgh] ;k xks”VhadMs y{k iqjfoys

ukgh- >kMa lMr vkgsr dh [kkyh iMr vkgsr] ;kph iokZ R;kus dsyh ukgh- vkysyh

Qqya dksestr vkgsr dka\ dGîkk okGr vkgsr dka\ ikua mUgkus tGr vkgs dka\ ;kdMs

R;kus nqyZ{k dsys- okQs rwVr vkgsr dka\ ik.;kpk izokg ok¶;kyk QksMr rj ukgh uka\

;kdMs R;kus y{k fnys ukgh o r’kh O;oLFkkgh dsyh ukgh- R;kus QDr isj.kh dsyh

vkf.k rks HkkX;kP;k Hkjo’;koj clwu jkfgyk- ts >kMa Lor%P;kp ‘kfDrus izQqfYyr

>kys] th Qqya Lor%gwup iqf”ir >kyhr] R;krp rks larq”V jkfgyk vkf.k R;kykp

vkiys ;’k letwu vkG’kh cuyk- nksu&pkj cgjysY;k >kMkaojp rks vklDr >kyk

vkf.k okjaokj R;kaP;ktoG ;sowup rks R;kauk c?kw ykxyk- nqlÚ;k >kMkaP;k voLFksdMs

R;kus y{kgh fnys ukgh- iqf”ir&Qfyr >kMkafo”k;hp vklDrh Bsowu R;kaphp mikluk

dj.;kr rks ykxwu jkfgyk- R;krp vkiY;k vkiqydhyk o vgadkjkyk R;kus dsUnzhr

dsys- ;keqGs ckdhph ckx mtkM gksÅu xsyh- ;keqGs ekGh fuanspk ik= Bjyk- R;kP;k

vdeZ.;rsph fuHkZRlZuk dsY;k xsyh vkf.k ‘ksoVh rks v’kkarrk- vlek/kku o vi;’kkpk

Hkkxhnkj cuyk-

;k mnkgj.kko:u gsp fl) gksrs dh ekuoh thoukps ;’k gs deZ;ksxh cu.;krp

vkgs] deZHkksxke/;s ukgh- Eg.kwu euq”;kus Js; izkIrhlkBh] deZHkksxh uOgs rj deZ;ksxh

cuk;yk gos- R;kus thoukP;k izR;sd ygku&eksBîkk iSywaoj iw.kZ ;ksX;rsus o ,dkxzrsus

y{k |k;yk gos- T;k dkekae/;s R;kpk tkLr Qk;nk vkgs] T;kps QG tkLr ekSY;oku

vkgs] R;kyk iw.kZ ru o eu%iwoZd iw.kZ dj.ks vkf.k T;k dkekr vis{ksis{kk deh ykHkkph

laHkkouk vkgs] R;kph mis{kk dj.ks Eg.kts deZ&dkS’kY; uOgs] deZdkS’kY; gks.;kps

  59  

çek.k rj ;krp vkgs dh R;kus NksVîkkr NksVs dke lq)k v’kk dkS’kY;kus djkos dh rs

lqanj o egRokps cuwu dR;kZP;k bekunkjhph lk{k nsbZy- dekZps Lo:i Eg.ktsp

euq”;kP;k xq.k&deZ&LoHkkokps fp=.k gks;- xq.koku yksda ;kuqlkjp ,[kk|k

deZ;ksX;kyk xq.k nsr vlrkr o R;kps ;ksX; ewY;kadu djhr vlrkr-

euq”;kps laiw.kZ thoup dekZus Hkjysys vkgs- ,dk {k.kkyk lq)k rks deZjfgr

gksÅu txw ‘kdr ukgh- >ksirk&tkxrk] mBrk&clrk o ‘okl ?ksrkauk lq)k rks deZp

djhr vlrks- J)k] fu”Bk o iw.kZ eukus dsY;k xsysys dks.krsgh dke euq”;kyk

ln~Hkkouk] Js”B fopkj] mRlkg] larq”Vh o ‘kkarh iznku djhr vlrs- dks.kR;kgh pkaxY;k

dkekr ykxwu euq”;kus ;k cká lalkjkr FkksMstjh ;’k izkIr dsys rjh] ;kpk vkarfjd

ykHk R;kyk ekufld ‘kkarrk] vkRelarq”Vh] Js”B fopkj o ln~xq.kkaps voyksdu

dj.kkÚ;k n`”VhP;k :ikus izkIr gksrks- ekufld fodkjkaoj fu;a=.k feGowu Lor%ph uSfrd

o ckSf)d mUurhp gksr vlrs- ,danjhri.ks fopkj dsY;kl deZ;ksX;kyk vUrZcká v’kk

nksUgh thoukr ;’k gs feGrsp-

okbZV fopkj o nq”izo`Rrhaiklwu okp.;klkBh vkiY;k laiw.kZ ‘kfDryk fo/kk;d

dk;kZr yko.ks] Qkj Qk;|kps Bjrs- ;keqGs ,drj nq”deZ dj.;kdfjrk osGp feGr

ukgh vkf.k R;klkscrp okbZV fopkjkauk Qyhr gks.;kph la/khlq)k izkIr gksr ukgh-

vdeZ.;rsP;k fLFkfre/;s vusd nq”khr Hkkouk eukr mBr vlrkr- R;k ok<rkr o

Hk;adj :i /kkj.k djrkr- dkekr ykxwu jkfgY;kus nq”khr Hkkoukaph ‘kDrh gh fo/kk;d

dk;kZe/;s ifjofrZr gksrs- lfØ; jkfgY;kus euq”;kP;k pakxY;k&okbZV v’kk nksUgh

izdkjP;k Hkkouspk leUo; ?kMwu ;srks vkf.k rs ,doVwu dk;kZyk iw.kZ dj.;kr ykxrkr-

;keqGs vkarfjd la?k”kkZph fLFkrh mRiép gksr ukgh-

fparsiklwu eqDr jkg.;klkBh lfØ; vl.ks Qkj vko’;d vkgs- ;keqGs euq”;kph

bPNk’kDrh ok<rs vkf.k nwf”kr Hkkousph ‘kq)h lq)k gksrs- dks.krsgh vls dke ts lksis o

vkiY;k vkoMhps vlsy R;kr vkEgh ykxk;yk gos- fpark] Øks/k] ‘kksd bR;knh ghu

Hkkousus xzLr vlysY;k O;fDrlkBh rj vdeZ.; vl.ks Eg.kts Qkjp eksBs dqiF;

vkgs] ;keqGs R;kapk gk vktkj >ikVîkkus ok<r tkrks- nqlÚ;kaph lsok] ?kjdke] vH;kl]

f’kYi] dyk] lkfgR; lk/kuk bR;knh ygku&eksB;k dkekaiSdh dks.krsgh vkoMhps dke

fuoMwu R;kr iw.kZ ,dkxz gksÅu vkEgh ykxk;yk gos- fpark] ekufld fodkj o

O;kdqGrk bR;knhaiklwu Lor%yk okpfo.;kpk gk lokZr lksik mik; vkgs- ts yksda

vkiY;k dkeke/;s ,dkxz gksr ukghr] cgq/kk R;kaukp osxosxG;k fpark lrkfor vlrkr-

  60  

T;k O;Drh Lor%yk n`<i.ks dkeke/;s ykorkr] R;kp ;k fodkjkaiklwu eqDr gks.;kr

leFkZ gksrkr- deZ’khy O;Drh gh Hkwr&Hkfo”;kpk fopkj djhr clr ukgh- rh rj

usgeh orZekukykp egRo nsowu vkiY;k dkekr ykxysyh vlrs-

tks euq”; lrr vkiY;k drZO;kyk iw.kZ dj.;kr ykxysyk vlrks- R;kyk

lq[kkph fuank vFkok Lrqrh dj.;klkBh loMp feGr ukgh- usgeh dekZe/;s ykxysY;k

O;DrhalkBh ,d {k.k lq)k csdkjP;k xks”VhalkBh dk<.ks dBh.k vlrs- dks.kR;kgh

O;fDryk Lor%P;k dk;Zfl)hlkBh nqlÚ;kaP;k xq.kkauk c?k.;kph] let.;kph o R;kps

vuqdj.k dj.;kph vko’;drk vlrs- deZ;ksxh O;fDryk nqlÚ;kaP;k ln~xq.kkauk

c?k.;kph lo;p tMrs- R;kaP;k nks”knqxqZa.kkdMs c?k.;kpk mRlkg R;kaP;kr ulrks o

rso<k osG lq)k R;kaP;ktoG ulrks- ijnks”k n’kZu] nqHkkZouk o okbZV fopkj gs cgq/kk

vdeZ.; yksdkae/;sp fnlwu ;srkr- ik.;kP;k izokgke/;s T;kizek.ks dsjdpjk vkiksvkip

okgr tkrks] R;kpizek.ks drZO;ijk;.k O;fDrP;k eukr lq)k okbZV fopkj fVdw ‘kdr

ukghr-

mRd`”V] vkn’kZ] fo/kk;d] mi;ksxh o vkRelarq”Vh ns.kkÚ;k dk;kZr layXu gksÅu

euq”;kyk tks vkuan izkIr gksrks] rks nqlÚ;k dks.kR;kgh izdkjs feGr ukgh- dkeuk o

ykylsyk lksMwu [ksGkMw o vfHkusR;kP;k o`Rrhus o mnkRr cqf)us T;k O;Drh dk;Z

djrkr] R;kaP;kdfjrk gs thoup uOgs rj laiw.kZ tx o R;krhy izR;sd dk;Z lq)k

vkuane; cuwu tkrs- dekZps egkRE; vuar vkgs] Eg.kwup R;kyk ;ksx EgVY;k xsys

vkgs- nqlÚ;k ;ksx lk/kusizek.ksp deZ;ksxkP;k lk/kusus euq”; iw.kZRokyk izkIr d: ‘kdrks-

izR;sd dk;Z gs thoukr egku laHkkousyk ?ksÅu ;sr vlrs- thoukP;k

fodklkdfjrk NksVîkkr NksVs dke lq)k frrdsp egRokps vkgs] T;kizek.ks ,d NksVsls

cht dkgh dkGkuarj fo’kky o`{kke/;s cnyr vlrs- euq”;kP;k thoukps eksteki

R;kP;k o;kus ukgh rj R;kP;k R;k dkekusp dsY;k tkrs] ts R;kus vkiY;k thoukr

dsys vkgsr- Eg.kwu loZ deZohjkauh dkekykp thoukpk vk/kkj cufoys vkgs- ,dk

euh”kh O;fDrus rj ;sFki;Zar EgVys vkgs dh ^^gs dk;Z ! rwp ek>h dkeuk vkgsl] rwp

ek>h izlérk vkgs o rwp ek>k vkuan vkgsl-**

vkEgkyk rqPN iklwu egku] lkekU;kaiklwu lkeF;Zoku] jad iklwu jktk o

eq[kkZiklwu fo}ku cufo.kkÚ;kr NksVÓkkaiklwu eksBîkk dkeki;Zarph] rh loZ dkes ;srkr]

th osGksosGh vkeP;k leksj mifLFkr >kyh vlrkr] ;kr frGek=gh ‘kadk ukgh- ijarq

vkEgha ,d vls vkgksr] ts R;k deZnsokfo”k;h vusd rØkjh d:u R;kpk viekup

  61  

djhr jkgrks vkf.k tsOgk rks vkeP;k njokT;ko:u ijr fQjrks rsOgk R;koj i’pkrki

dj.;kf’kok; vkeP;ktoG dkghp f’kYyd jkgr ukgh-

cjspnk vkEgh v’kk rØkjh djhr fQjrks dh gs dke rj Qkjp NksVs vkgs] gs

ek÷;k O;fDreRokP;k vuqdwy ukgh] eh ;k rqPN dkekadfjrk cuysyks ukgh- ijarq

vkEgh d/kh vlk fopkj dsyk vkgs dka] dh Lor%P;k mxe óksrkiklwu fu?kkysyh unh

lq:okrhyk brdh NksVh vlrs dh fryk ,d NksVsls ewya lq)k ikj d: ‘kdrs- ,d

fo’kky o`{k tks vusdkauk vkiyh lkoyh nsrks] xksM QGkauh r`Ir djrks] vla[;

i{;kauk vkljk nsrks] rks lq)k lq:okrhyk ,d vls NksVsls cht vlrks ts gosP;k ,dk

>ksrkusp mMw ‘kdrs-,d NksVh’kh fpe.kh lq/nk R;kyk [kkow ‘kdrs o ,d eqaxh lq/nk

R;kyk mpywu usÅ ‘kdrs- ekSY;oku eksrh gk lq)k lq:okrhyk ,d jsrhpk d.kek=

vlrks- ghp fLFkrh vkeP;kleksj ;s.kkÚ;k dkekaph lq)k vlrs- izR;sd egku o

vlkekU; cu.kkjs dke lq)k lq:okrhyk Qkjp NksVs o lkekU;ls okV.kkjs vlrs] ijarq

deZohj tsOgk R;kr ,dkxz gksrkr] rsOgk rs NksVsls dke lq)k egku o foy{k.k gksÅu

tkrs- vki.kkl gs ekfgr vkgs dka dh oSKkkfud cu.;kph bPNk Bso.kkÚ;k ckyd

,Mhluyk R;kP;k f’k{kdkauh lokZr vk/kh vkiY;k ?kjkr lkQ&LoPNrsps dke lksifoys

gksrs- ;k dkekr lq)k R;k ckydkph oSKkfud cq)h o vkoM dke djhr vkgs] gs tsOgk

R;k f’k{kdkauh cf?krys] rsOgk R;kyk foKkukps f’k{k.k ns.;kl R;kauh lq:okr dsyh

vkf.k ‘ksoVh rksp ckyd vkiY;k ;k ln~xq.kkyk fodflr djhr ,d fnol egku

oSKkfud cuyk- izR;sd egku cu.kkÚ;k O;fDrP;k thoukpk izkjaHk R;k NksVîkkNksVîkk

dk;kZauhp gksr vlrks] T;kauk vkEgh NksVs] lkekU; o egRoghu letwu VkGr vlrks-

R;k NksV;k&NksV;k dk;kZojp vkeP;k thoukrhy Hkkouspk egky mHkk gksr vlrks-

euq”; tsOgk Lor%yk drZO; ikj ikM.;kr rlsp] ifjJe o iq:”kkFkkZP;k vfXue/;s

rkiforks] rsOgk R;kP;k vkr >ksiysyk usrk] lektlq/kkjd] ys[kd] /keZ izpkjd]

oSKkkfud fdaok m|ksxirh tkxk gksÅu ckgsj iMrks-

bZ’ojkph euq”;kyk feGkysyh lokZr eksBh nsu fdaok lokZr egRokpk izlkn

Eg.kts R;kps efLr”d gks;- Eg.kwu Lor%P;k efLr”dkyk loZ izdkjP;k foÑrh iklwu

fjDr djk] R;kr foosd o ln~cqf)pk fnok izTofyr djk] R;kyk fo/kk;d fn’kse/;s

ykok vkf.k rsOgk vkiys fufoZdkj efLr”d vkiY;kyk d’kk&d’kk fo/ks;kRed ;kstuk

iznku djrs] ;k xks”Vhyk çR;{k vuqHkok- vkiys efLr”d vkiY;kyk QDr ;kstukp

iqjor ukgh rj vkiys ;ksX; ekxZn’kZu d:u ,[kk|k igkjsnkjkizek.ks rs rqeps laj{k.k

  62  

lq)k djhr vlrs- ,[kk|k dk;kZph lq:okr djrkp vusd fo?u o vMFkGs leksj

vkysyh fnlwu ;srkr- ijarq R;kauk ?kkc:u gkrkr ?ksrysY;k dkekyk viwjs lksM.ks Eg.kts

vkeP;k H;kM o`Rrhpk ifjp; ns.ksp vkgs- v’kk O;Drh dks.kR;kgh dk;kZr ;’kLoh

gksÅ ‘kdr ukgh- euq”; rj R;kykp EgVY;k tkrs] tks vMFkGîkkaP;k ;k [kMdkyk

rksMwu vkiY;k izxrhpk ekxZ eksdGk djhr vlrks- dk;Z lq)k R;kykp Eg.krk ;sbZy]

T;kr vMp.kh ;srhy vkf.k deZohj lq/nk rksp vkgs tks v’kkp dk;kZyk iw.kZ djsy]

T;kr okjaokj vMFkGs ;sÅu R;kyk ;’kkP;k njokT;kdMs n`<i.ks <dyrhy Eg.kwu ;k

vMh&vMp.khapk lkeuk djk- rs uDdhp rqEgkyk ;’kkps jgL; letkorhy-

lw;Z] pUnz] rkjs gs loZ vkiY;k deZe; xfrpØke/;s d/khp dks.krkgh vMFkGk

;sÅ nsr ukghr] vkiY;k deZe; vLr o mn;ke/;sp R;kaP;k vfLrRokpk cks/k o

lkFkZdrk tk.kowu ;srs- unhps deZ vkgs&ekxkZr ;s.kkÚ;k LFkGkaps flapu djhr o R;kauk

fgjosxkj cufor lrr okgr jkg.ks] tM izÑrh o R;kP;k fofo/k :ikae/;s tj gk fu;e

ykxw gksr vlsy rj pSrU; vlysyk euq”; deZghu dlk dka jkgw ‘kdrks \ thou o

izÑfrP;k ;k :ikauk] R;kaP;k fu;ekauk o jgL;kauk letwup lar rqylhnklthus ^^deZ

iz/kku fo’o jfp jk[kk** ps lR; leksj ekaMys vkgs- ;kpk vFkZ gkp dh ;k txkr deZ

djhr jkg.ks] gsp thoukps vafre lR; vkgs- okLro rj gsp vkgs dh ;k lalkjkph

jpukp deZ dj.;klkBh dj.;kr vkysyh vkgs-

;k txkr lq[kkpk vf/kdkjh QDr deZohj O;fDrp vlrks] dekZiklwu nwj

iG.kkjk ukgh- Eg.krkr uk dh lrr pkyr jkg.kkjkp vkiY;k y{;ki;Zar tkÅu

iksgkspr vlrks- ekxkZP;k dMsus cl.kkjk dqBsp iksgkspr ukgh- leqækr [kksyoj Mqcdh

ekj.kkjkp R;krwu eksrh dk<wu vk.kw ‘kdrks- T;k O;Drh Lor%P;k vkRecGkoj fo’okl

djhr ukgh vkf.k lk/kukaukp loZ dkgh letr vlrkr] R;k ;k txkr dkgh d:

‘kdrhy] ;koj fo’oklp clr ukgh- Lokeh v¸;j gs rsOgk Qkj ygku gksrs- R;kaps

oMhy vka/kGs gksrs- vkbZ pDdhoj nG.k nGwu dkgh iSls deowu ?ksr vls- R;k}kjsp

fr?kkapk fuokZg gksr vls- v¸;j FkksMs eksBs >kY;kuarj f’kdw ykxys vkf.k rsOgk ,d

:i;k efgU;kph ukSdjh R;kauh idMyh- ;klkscr R;kaps f’k{k.k pkyw gksrsp- vH;klkr

mPpJs.khr ikl >kY;keqGs R;kauk 500 :i;s iqjLdkj Lo:i izkIr >kys- ;klkscr

rglhy dk;kZy;kr 10 :i;s ekfldps ckcwfxjhps dke lq)k R;kauk feGkys- v¸;j

;kauh cjhp esgur ?ksryh- rs f’kdr jfkgys vkf.k ,d fnol gk;dksVkZps U;k;k/kh’k

cuysr- iq:”kkFkZ o izkekf.kdrsps rs thoar o tkx`r mnkgj.k gksrs-

  63  

dekZf’kok; vkeph xrh ukgh] izxrh ukgh] gs tsOgk ,d loZekU; lR; vkgs

rsOgk d’kkpk fopkj d:u rqEgh fu:|ksxh clys vkgkr \ mBk vkf.k dacj dlwu

deZ{ks=ke/;s mMh ekjk- v/;;u] f’kYidyk] lkfgR; lk/kuk bR;knh ts dkgh dkeZ

rqeP;k gkrkr vlrhy] R;kr iw.kZ ,dkxzrsus ykxk- ;’k gs Lor%gwup rqeP;kdMs

vks<Y;k tkbZy- ,dk pkj o”kkZP;k eqyhP;k ik;kyk ydok ekjyk dqcM;kph enr

?ksÅu rh eksBîkk d”Vkus pkyr vls- ijarq frus fgaer gkjyh ukgh- pky.;kph xks”V rj

lksMkp R;kis{kk iq<s tkÅu rh /kko.;kpk vH;kl d: ykxyh vkf.k ,d osGh v’kh

vkyh dh frus vksyafid [ksGke/;s /kko.;kpk ‘k;Zrhr Hkkx ?ksryk o rhu ind

ftadysr- ;k fu”Bkoku eqyhps uko gksrs & ^xksYMhu :ykQ*] rh vesfjdsP;k Vsuslh

izkarkrhy jfgoklh gksrh-

vkEgh gs lrr Lej.kkr Bsokos dh ;’k gs deZB o deZ;ksxh O;fDrP;k izfr{ksr

vkiY;k gkrkr ekG ?ksÅu lrr mHks vlrs- rsOgk deZiz/kku vlysY;k ;k txke/;s]

vkiyh deZB ikÅys iq<s Vkdwu R;k ekGsyk vkiY;k daBkpk gkj cuowu ?;k- thou o

deZ ;k nks?kkapsgh gsp ije lR; o vafre y{; vkgs- Eg.kwu ^mBk ! tkxs Ogk ! vkf.k

tksi;Zar y{; xkBr ukgh rksi;Zar Fkkacw udk-*

mUurhlkBh vko’;d vlysy s rhu x q. k

¼vkRecG] vkRefo’okl o vkRefuHk Z jr k½

loksZR—“V o loZlkeF;Zoku ‘kDrh Eg.kts vkRecG gks;- vkRecGkP;k vHkkoh

loZ HkkSfrd lkeF;Z o miyC/kh ;k QDr vkeP;koj Hkkj cuwup jkgr vlrkr- QDr

cyoku vl.ksp iqjsls ukgh rj cGkpk ;ksX; fn’ksr lnqi;ksx gks.ks lq)k egRokps vkgs-

gsp rs dkS’kY; vkgs] T;k vk/kkjs R;k HkkSfrd lkeF;kZpk ykHk mBfoY;k tkÅ ‘kdrks-

viO;; o nq:i;ksxkus ekSY;oku lk/kus gh fujFkZdp Bjr ukghr rj rh uqdlkunk;d

lq)k cur vlrkr- Eg.kwu iSlk] cq)h o vkjksX; ;klkj[;k ‘kDrhaoj fu;a=.k lk/kwu

R;kauk ;ksX; fn’kse/;s mi;ksxkr vk.k.;klkBh ,d dsUæh; ‘kDrh vl.ks lq)k Qkj

vko’;d vkgs] R;k ‘kfDrykp ^^vkRecG** EgVY;k tkrs-

vkEgh gs letk;yk gos dh euq”; Eg.kts QDr ,d ‘kjhj uOgs] R;kr ,d

ije rstLoh vkRek lq)k fo|eku vkgs- euq”; gk QDr iSlk] cq)h o vkjksX;klkj[;k

HkkSfrd ‘kfDar}kjs lkalkfjd lq[k] laink] le`)h o izxfryk izkIr d: ‘kdr ukgh]

;kyk vkEgh letk;ykp gos- R;kyk vkRecGkph lq)k vko’;drk vkgs- vkRE;kP;k

  64  

vHkkoh ‘kjhjkph fdaer nksu iS’kkph lq)k vlw ‘kdr ukgh- ;kpizek.ks vkRecGkP;k

vHkkoh ‘kjhjcG gk ek= ,d [ksG [kaMksck gksÅu clrks- ‘kjhjcG dq.kktoG fdrhgh

vlys rjh R;kiklwu R;kyk lq[kkph vuqHkwrh feGw ‘kdr ukgh- rs lkeF;Z rj R;klkBh

HkkjLo:i vkf.k ruko] fpark o m}sxkusp dkj.k cusy vkf.k tj R;kapk nq:i;ksx gksÅ

ykxyk] rsOgk rj rs loZuk’kkph Hkwfedkp leksj vk.kwu mHkh djsy-

vkn’kZ o fl)karkoj vMwu jkg.ks] dks.kR;kgh izyksHkukr o d”VkP;k nckokr u

;srk okbZV ekxkZoj u pky.ks] Lor%P;k vkRexkSjokuq:i fopkj o dk;Z dj.ks vkf.k Qkj

nwjP;k Hkfo”; fufeZrhlkBh vkt gks.kkÚ;k xSjlks;hauk] /kS;kZus o vkuankus lgu dj.;kP;k

n`<rsps ukop vkRecG vkgs- th O;Drh okluk o r`”.ksyk rlsp LokFkZ o lqfo/ksyk

ykFk ek:u Lor%lkBh uOgs rj yksddY;k.kklkBh lnkpkj] izse o vkReh;rsus Hkjysys

thou txrs v’kk egkiq:”kkykp vkRecGlaié Eg.krkr- pkfj«;kps /kuh] n;k o

d:.ksus ifjiw.kZ vls var%dj.k vkf.k mnkjrk o vkReh;rsus vksrizksr vlysys

O;fDreRo] gsp vkRecGkps izrhd vkgs- v’kk yksdkaP;k mifLFkfrusp gk lalkj

lqxa/khr] lokZaxh.k ckcrhr mUur o lqO;ofLFkr gksr vlrks- vlsp yksda vkiY;k

lkeF;kZus txkP;k fn’ksyk cnyfo.;kr o yksdizokgkyk iyVfo.;kr leFkZ gksr

vlrkr- vkRecG Eg.kts rh {kerk vkgs] T;kpk ftrdk va’k ,[kk|ktoG vlsy] rks

frrdkp vkiY;k foosdkyk tkx`r dj.;kr leFkZ gksbZy- vkeph foosdcq)h ghp rh

‘kDrh vkgs] th /ku] cq)h o vkjksX;klkj[;k HkkSfrd ‘kfDrauk fu;a=.kkr Bsowu R;kauk

lUekxkZoj pkyfor vlrs vkf.k Js”B mÌs’;kae/;s o lRiz;kstukae/;s R;kauk izo`Ùk djrs-

iq:”kkFkkZe/;s lokZr eksBk iq:”kkFkZ Lor%P;k xq.k deZ o LoHkkokyk lqlaLÑr

cufo.ks vkgs- T;kus Lor%yk lq/kjfoys] R;kP;k loZ leL;k vkiksvkip lqVwu tkrkr-

T;kus Lor%ps fuekZ.k dsys vkgs] R;kdfjrk ;’k gs izR;sd {ks=kr R;kP;kleksj gkFk cka/kwu

mHks jkgrs- mérh o lq[k&le`)hph vkdka{kk dj.ks ;ksX; vkgs] ijarq ;kdfjrk vko’;d

{kerk o ;ksX;rsyk fodflr dj.ks lq)k vko’;d vkgs- cká ifjfLFkrh fdrhgh

vuqdqy vlY;k ijarq tj rh O;Drh vkarfjd n`f”Vus detksj vlsy rj fryk

izfrdwyrspk lkeuk djkokp ykxsy- Eg.kwu bPNhr ekxkZoj ;’k izkIr dj.;klkBh cká

lk/kus tefo.;klkscrp vkarfjd lq/kkj dj.;klkBh lq)k vkEgh iz;Ru’khy jkgk;yk

gos- nqxZ.kh O;fDryk {kf.kd ;’k feGrkauk tjh fnlr vlys rjh ‘ksoVh R;kP;k injkr

vi;’kp iMr vlrs] ;k okLrorsyk vkEgh fol: u;s-

  65  

txkrhy loZ fodflr O;Drh ;k vkRefo’okflp jkghysY;k vkgsr- v’kk

O;Drh Lor%P;k vkRE;kfo”k;h o vkiY;k ‘kfDrfo”k;h vkLFkkoku jkgwu dks.krsgh dk;Z

dj.;kph fgaer Bsorkr vkf.k tsOgk d/kh] ts dkgh dk;Z rs Lor%lkBh fuoMrkr]

R;kyk iw.kZ ladYikus o ,dkxzrsus iw.kZ d:u lksMrkr- ekxkZr ;s.kkÚ;k dks.kR;kgh

vMFkGîkkeqGs rs fopfyr gksr ukghr- vk’kk] lkgl o m|ksxh o`Rrh gs R;kps LFkk;h

fe= vlrkr- dks.kR;kgh ifjfLFkrhr ;k fe=kapk lkFk rs lksMr ukghr- vkRefo’oklh

euq”;] gk LrqR; vlk deZohj vlrks- {kqærk] nhurk fdaok fu—“Vrk R;kaP;k toGgh

;sr ukgh- rks fuR; uO;k mRlkgkus vkiY;k dÙkZO; ekxkZoj vxzslj gksrks- ;kdfjrk

uos&uos iz;Ru o iz;ksx djrks- izfrdwy ifjfLFkrh o vMh&vMp.khaPkk /kS;kZus lkeuk

djrks o ‘ksoVh fot;h gksÅu Js;kyk izkIr djrks-

vkRek gk vuar ‘kfDrapk HkaMkj vkgs- ;k txkrhy izR;sd çdkjps lkeF;Z ;k

HkaMkjkr nMysys vkgs vkf.k ‘ksoVh rs dka vlw u;s] tsOgk vkRek gk ijekRE;kpkp va’k

vkgs! loZ çdkjps ‘kDrh] lkeF;Z vkf.k loZ xq.k gs R;k ,dk ijes’ojke/;sp vlrkr

vkf.k rsFkwup izokfgr gksÅu ;k txkr ;srkr- v’kk izdkjs ijekRE;kpk va’k vlysY;k

vkRE;ke/;s R;kP;k loZ fo’ks”krk vl.ks LokHkkfodp vkgs- vkRE;koj fo’okl dj.ks

Eg.ktsp ijes’ojkoj fo’okl dj.ks vkgs- T;kus vkRE;kP;k ek/;ekus ijekRE;koj

fo’okl dsyk o R;kpk lgkjk ?ksryk R;kyk dks.kR;kgh xks”Vhph deh jkgw ‘kdr ukgh-

v’kk O;DrhaP;k leksj loZ izdkjP;k ‘kDrh ;k ,[kk|k nklh izek.ks mH;k jkgwu R;kP;k

vkns’kkph izfr{kk djhr vlrkr-

thoukrhy loZ {ks=kae/;s ;’kLoh gks.;klkBh ^vkRefo’oklkph* vko’;drk

vlrs- pkaxY;kr pkaxyk iksg.kkjk lq)k vkRefo’oklkP;k vHkkoh ,[kk|k unhyk ikj

d: ‘kdr ukgh- ;keqGs rks unhP;k izokgkr e/;sp vMdwu clsy fdaok izokgklkscr

okgr tkbZy fdaok dlsrjh gkr&ik; ek:u ijr fQjsy- çR;sdkP;k thoukr

osxosxG;k izdkjps d”V] vMh&vMp.kh] xqarkxqarh o vfiz; ifjfLFkrh ;k ;srp jkgrkr-

;k >a>kokrke/;s ,[kk|k etcwr [kMdkizek.ks Lor%P;k ekxkZoj v<Gi.ks fVdwu

jkg.;klkBh vkRefo’oklkph vko’;drk vlrs-

vkeps y{; gs ftrds eksBs jkghy] ekxZ lq)k frrdkp ykac jkghy vkf.k ;k

ekxkZr vMFkGs lq)k frrdsp tkLr ;srhy- Eg.kwu frrD;kp izcG vkRefo’oklkph

vko’;drk vkEgkyk iMsy- gk lalkj lq)k vkRefo’oklh O;fDarpsp leFkZu djhr

vlrks- vkRefo’okl gk psgÚ;koj vls vkd”kZ.k cuwu QwVr vlrks dh R;k}kjs nqlÚ;k

  66  

O;Drh lq)k vkiY;k cuwu tkrkr] vkf.k vuksG[;k O;Drh lq)k ,[kk|k lgpjkizek.ks

lkFk nsrkr- foijhr ifjfLFkrh lq)k vkRefo’oklh O;Drhdfjrk vuqdwy ifj.kke iznku

djhr vlrs- ;k txkr dks.krhgh O;Drh rksi;Zar ;’kLoh gksÅ ‘kdr ukgh tksi;Zar

gkrkr ?ksrysY;k R;k dkekyk eyk iw.kZ djk;ps vkgs] o R;kr eh uDdhp ;’kLoh

gks.kkj vkgs- gk fo’okl R;kP;k eukr n`< gksr ukgh-

vkEgh Lor%P;k ;ksX;rsoj o dk;Z{kersoj ftrdk fo’okl d:] frrdsp vkeps

thou ;’kLoh gksbZy vkf.k Lor%P;k ;ksX;rsoj ftrdk vfo’okl d:] frrdsp vkEgh

;’k o fot;kiklwu nwj jkgw- vkepk ekxZ gk d”Vnk;h ladVkus fdrhgh Hkjysyk o

va/kkje; dka vlks] vkEgh vkiY;k vkEfo’oklkyk d/khgh frykatyh nsÅ u;s- vkeP;k

dk;kZpk ik;k gk vkeP;k vkRefo’oklkojp fuHkZj vkgs- vkEgh vewd dk;Z uDdhp

d: ‘kdrks] ;k fopkjkr Qkj vn~Hkwr ‘kDrh Hkjysyh vkgs- ;k txkr T;k&T;k

O;Drhauh eksBeksBh dkes laiUu dsyh vkgsr] R;k lokZe/;s Qkj Js”B Lrjkpk

vkRefo’okl jkghysyk vkgs- R;kapk gk fo’okl R;kP;k Lor%P;k ‘kfDraoj vlrks-

Lor%P;k ;ksX;rsoj vlrks o dk;kZoj vlrks-

vkRefo’oklke/;s rh ‘kDrh vkgs] th gtkj ladVkapk lkeuk d:u lq)k R;koj

iw.kZ fot; feGfor vlrs- euq”;kpk [kjk fe= o R;kph lokZr eksBh laiÙkh Eg.kts gkp

vkRefo’okl gks;- vkEgh gs c?khrys vkgs dh lk/kughu vlwu lq)k vkRefo’oklh

O;fDaruh ;k txkr vk’p;Ztud dkes laié dsyh vkgsr] tsOgk dh vusd lk/kulaié

O;Drh vkRefo’oklkP;k vHkkoh Qkj tkLr vi;’kh BjY;k vkgsr-

dohUæ johUnzukFk VSxksj ;kaps ,dkdh py ‘kh”kZd vl.kkjs xhr vki.k d/kh

okpys fdaok ,sdys vlsyp] R;k xk.;krhy Hkko vls vkgsr & ^tj rqyk dq.kh

dkghgh cksyr ulsy] rqyk HkkX;ghu letwu loZ rq÷;kiklwu vizlUu jkgr vlrhy

fdaok rqyk Hkhr vlrhy] rjh lq)k rw eksdGîkk vUr%dj.kkus Lor%ph xks”V nqlÚ;kauk

lkaxr py-*

^^tj rq÷;kiklwu loZ yksda rksaM fQjfor vlrhy- ,[kk|k dBh.k ekxkZoj

izLFkku djrkauk rq÷;kdMs dq.kh rksaM oGowugh c?kr ulsy] rjh lq)k ;k xgu

ekxkZojhy dkV~;kauk rw vkiY;k ik;kus rqMohr ,dVkp iq<s py-**

^tj rqyk leksj izdk’k fnlwu ;sr ulsy] >a>kokr o eqlG/kkj ikolkrhy

va/kkÚ;k jk=h rq÷;k ?kjkps njokts lq)k rq÷;klkBh can >kys vlrhy] rjh lq)k R;k

  67  

nk:.k voLFksr vkiY;k NkrhP;k fiatÚ;kyk izTofyr d:u R;k izdk’kkr rw ,dVk

py-*

thoukrhy izR;sd ifjfLFkrhe/;s euq”;kpk [kjk o ,dek= lkscrh gk fuf’prp

R;kpk vkRek vlrks- Lokeh foosdkuankP;k ‘kCnkae/;s lkaxko;kps >kY;kl

^vkRefo’oklklkj[kk euq”;kpk nwljk fe= ukgh- vkRefo’oklkeqGs nqxZe ekxZ lq)k lqxe

cuwu tkrkr vkf.k ekxkZr ;s.kkjs vMFkGs lq)k /;s;ki;Zar iksgpfo.kkÚ;k f’kM;k cur

vlrkr-* belZu Eg.krkr & ^vkRefo’okl gs ;’kkps eq[; jgL; vkgs-*

euq"; fdrhgh fo}ku] xq.koku o ‘kfDroku vlyk] ijarq tj R;kr

vkRefo’okl ulyk rj rks fo}ku vlwu lq)k eq[kkZizek.ksp thou txsy] vkf.k

‘kfDroku vlqu lq)k HksdMp fl) gksbZy- vkRefo’okl gk euq”;kP;k dk;kZe/;s]

R;kP;k thou&O;ogkjke/;s o R;krhy xrh e/;s ,d izdkjph pSrU;rk o /kkMl Hkjhr

vlrks- R;kP;k laiw.kZ thoukyk rks izk.koku cuowu Vkdrks- v’kh O;Drh nqlÚ;kaoj

QDr vkiyh n`”Vh Vkdwu vkiyk izHkko R;koj lksMr vlrs vkf.k nqljs ykasd lq)k

R;koj iw.kZ fo’okl Vkdr vlrkr- v’kk O;fDre/;s R;kauk ,d izdkjph fnO;rk o

egkurk tk.kow ykxrs-

vkRefo’okl euq”;kP;k ‘kfDrauk laxfBr d#u R;kauk ,dk fuf’pr fn’ksyk

ykohr vlrks- euq”;kP;k ‘kkjhfjd o ekufld ‘kDrh ;k vkRefo’oklhP;k ,dk

ladsrkojp ukprkr o dkekyk ykxrkr- tks Lor%P;k ‘kfDrapk Lokeh vkgs] R;kapk

fu;a=.kdrkZ vkgs] R;kyk ;k txkr d’kkphpgh deh jkgr ukgh- loZ izdkjP;k fl)h o

;’k Lor% R;kP;k nkjh ;sÅu R;kdMs ik.kh Hkjrkr-

baXyaM ;sFks jkg.kkjk osYl gk ygk.ki.kh Qkjp v’kDr gksrk ijarq R;kr

dekyhps lkgl gksrs- rks ,dk lkekU;’kk f’kik;kiklwu lsukirh inki;Zar tkÅu

iksgkspyk- R;kus v’kk dBh.k eksfgek ftadY;k dh T;kaP;k ;’kkph vk’kk dq.kh lq)k

d# ‘kdr uOgrs- ,dk ;q)ke/;s R;kpk mtok gkr fudkeh >kyk] rjh lq)k rks fgaer

gjyk ukgh- ,dk nqlÚ;k eksfgesoj R;kpk ,d MksGk csdkj >kyk- ‘kklukus R;kyk viax

lkaxwu R;klkBh fu/kkZfjr dsysyh isa’ku ns.;kph bPNk tkghj dsyh ijarq R;kaus ;klkBh

Li”Vi.ks udkj fnyk- R;kuarjP;k ;q)kr rks vk.k[kh tkLr mRlkgkus y<.;kl xsyk]

;q)kr vkiY;kyk uDdhp ;’k feG.kkj] ;kpk R;kyk iw.kZ fo’okl gksrk] dkj.k

R;ktoG ,d foy{k.k fopkj dj.kkjh cq)h o /kkMlkus Hkjysys dkGht gksrs- izR;sd

ifjfLFkrhe/;s brds Hkjiwj ;’k feGfo.kkÚ;k osYl ps uko lSU;kaP;k bfrgklke/;s eksBîkk

  68  

xkSjokus ?ksrY;k tkrs- R;kauk baXy.Mpk jk.kk lkaxk EgVY;k tkrs- HksdM O;Drh gh ,dnk

tUe ?ksÅu vk;q”;Hkj] osGksosGh ejr vlrs rj vkRefo’oklh gk ,dnkp tUe ?ksÅu

,dnkp ejr vlrks-

Lor%oj fo’okl dj.ks] Lor%P;k ‘kfDraoj fo’okl dj.ks] gk ,d vlk fnO;

xq.k vkgs dh tks izR;sd dk;kZlkBh vko’;d vlysyh fgaer] fopkj o ;ksX;rsyk

mRiUu djrks- nqlÚ;kaoj voyacwu jkfgY;kus vkeph ‘kDrh deh gksrs vkf.k bPNk iwrhZ

dj.;kr vusd vMFkGs mRiUu gksrkr- vkeps Lokra«;] fuHkZ;rk o izfr”Bk ;krp vkgs

dh vkEgh Lor%ojp voyacwu jkgkos- ;’kkpk gkp [kjk o ljG ekxZ vkgs-

vkiY;kyk ykHkysY;k izR;sd cká ifjfLFkrhph tckcnkjh nwlÚ;kaoj Vkdw udk-

rj R;kaph tokcnkjh Lor%oj ?;k- ;k txkyk ,dk vkj’;kizek.ks letk] T;kr vkeps

Lor%psp izfrfcac vkEgkyk fnlr vlrs- nqlÚ;k yksdkae/;s ts dkgh pkaxys&okbZV xq.k

vkEgkyk fnlwu ;srkr] lHkksorky T;k dkgh fiz;&vfiz; ifjfLFkrh vkEgkyk

vuqHkok;yk ;srkr] R;k lokZaps dkj.k nqljs dq.kh O;Drh ukgh rj vkEgh Lor%p

vkgksr vkf.k R;kr cny ?kMowu vk.k.;kph ‘kDrh lq)k dq.;k nqlÚ;kae/;s ukgh rj

vkEgk Lor%e/;sp vkgs- euksfoKkukuqlkj Lor%P;k pqdhyk fdaok U;wursyk Lohdkj u

dj.ks gk nks”k toGikl izR;sd euq”;kae/;s vlrks- ;kaps mRrjnkf;Ro rks Lor%oj

?ks.;klkBh d/kh r;kjp ulrks- Lor%P;k nks”kkauk nqlÚ;kaoj Fkksifo.;kpk iz;Ru d:u rks

Lor%yk funksZ”k lkaxr vlrks-

vkEgkyk gs ekU; vkgs dh nqlÚ;kae/;s lq)k dkgh nks”k vkgsr vkf.k R;keqGs

,[kknh vfiz; ifjfLFkrh vuk;klp vkeP;k leksj vkY;kl] R;k dkVîkkaiklwu Lor%yk

lgti.ks okpfo.;klkBh vkeP;ktoG foosd&n`”Vh rj vkgsp uka! okbZV ifjfLFkfr

e/kwu O;ofLFkri.ks ckgsj iM.ks gs cqf)eRrspsp dk;Z vkgs- v’kh cq)h vkEgkyk rsOgkp

;sr vlrs tsOgk vkEgh vkRefuHkZjrsP;k n`”Vhdks.kkyk Lohdkjrks- vki.k Lor%P;k

,[kk|k leL;syk fdaok iz’ukyk lksMfo.;klkBh nqlÚ;kaph enr ?ksÅ ‘kdrk] ijarq

R;kaP;koj iw.kZi.ks voyacwu jkgw udk- vki.k Lor%P;k iz’ukauk] d”V o vMp.khauk

Lor%p lksMfo.;kpk iz;Ru djk- tksIk;Zar vki.k nqlÚ;kaoj vkfJr vlrk] rksIk;Zar rjh

gsp letr vlrk dh dq.kh vkeP;k d”Vkauk nwj djsy] ijarq gk vkiyk dsoG ,d

Hkze vkgs- loZ leL;saP;k lek/kkukph pkch vkeP;k vkarp fo|eku vkgs- vki.k

nqlÚ;k yksdkadMwu T;k xks”Vhaph vis{kk djrks] R;k ;ksX;rsyk Lor%e/;s mRié djk-

vls dsY;kus vkiY;k bPNk dq.kkleksjgh gkr u iljfork fouklk;lp iw.kZ gksrhy-

  69  

vkiY;kyk vls okVr vlsy dh Lor%yk vktkj gksÅ u;s rj vkjksX;kP;k

fu;ekaps n`<rsus ikyu djk] yksdkauh vkiys opZLo ekU; djkos] vls okVr vlsy rj

R;k ;ksX; ‘kfDryk izkIr djk- vkiY;kyk izfr”Bk feGfo.;kph bPNk vlsy rj

R;klkBh ;ksX; rs dk;Z djk- eksBs in vkiY;kyk gos vlsy rj R;kdfjrk ;ksX; xq.kkauk

Lor%toG ckGxk- iSlk] cq)h] cG] fo|k vls ts dkgh vkiY;kyk gos vlsy] rj

R;kdfjrk ifjJe djk] Lor%e/;s mRlkg mRiUu djk- tksi;Zar eukrhy bPNsyk iw.kZ

dj.kkjs xq.k vki.kkae/;s ;sr ukghr rksi;Zar vkiys loZ euksjFk iw.kZ gksrhy] v’kh vk’kk

dj.ks O;FkZp vkgs-

;k txkr ;’k&izkIrhph bPNk Bso.;klkscrp Lor%P;k ;ksX;rse/;s ok<

dj.;kph lq#okr lq)k djk- Lor%P;k HkkX;kyk Lor%P;k bPNsuqlkj fygh.ks gs

vkiY;kp gkrkr vkgs- tj vki.k vkRefuHkZj >kykr] vki.kkal tls Ogk;ps vkgs] R;k

vuq#i Lor%yk cufo.;klkBh izo`Ùk >kykr] rj ijesÜojkyk lq)k ykpkj gksÅu

vkiY;k bPNsuqlkj vkiys HkkX; fygkos ykxsy-

vkRefuHkZj O;Drh gh d/khgh eksBeksBîkk dYiuk djhr ukgh rj rh dsoG

rso<kp fopkj djhr vlrs] ftrds dk;Z fryk djk;ps vkgs vkf.k ftrds dj.;kph

{kerk frP;kr vkgs- fryk gs pkaxY;k izdkjs ekfgr vlrs dh Lor%ps dke Lor%P;k

‘kfDrusp djk;ps vkgs- nqlÚ;kaP;k Hkjo’kkoj R;kyk jkgk;ps ukgh vkf.k ;k txkr

brdh loM dq.kktoG vkgs dh rks nqlÚ;kaP;k iz’ukaP;k lek/kkukr vkiyh :ph

n’kZosy\ Tkks vkRefuHkZj vkgs] vkRefo’oklh vkgs] T;kr Lor%pk fu.kZ; Lor%p

?ks.;kph {kerk vkgs] T;kaP;k toG vkiyh Lor%ph cq)h o Lor%pk foosd vkgs]

R;kapsp thou ;’kLoh o lek/kkuh gksr vlrs- Lokoyach O;fDryk ,[kk|k dkekdfjrk

nqlÚ;kaP;k rksaMkdMs c?k.;kph xjt iMr ukgh- rh vkiY;k ekxkZr ;s.kkÚ;k vMFkGîkkauk

vkiY;kp gkrkus nwj djhr iq<s tkr vlrs-

vkRefuHkZjrk o vkRefo’okl gs vls fnO; xq.k vkgsr] T;kauk fodflr dsY;kl

txkrhy dks.krsgh dk;Z dBh.k jkgr ukgh- tj vkiY;kyk thoukr ;’k] mUuÙkh]

laiUurk o le`)h goh vlsy rj Lokoyach cuk] vkiY;k thoukpk ekxZ Lor%

vkiY;k gkrkus iz’kLr djk vkf.k R;k ekxkZoj Lor%P;kp ik;kus pyk- tj vki.kkl

fu”dyad] fuHkZ; o fu}ZU} v’kk thoukr lq[k le`)hps lq[k feGok;ps vlsy rj

vkRefuHkZj cuk] Lor%ps dke Lor%p djk- vkiY;k ‘kfDraoj iw.kZ fo’okl Bsok vkf.k

d/khp] dks.kR;kgh xks”Vhdfjrk nqlÚ;kaoj ‘kD;rks fuHkZj jkgw udk- vki.k rsOgk uDdhp

  70  

vkiY;k /;s;ke/;s ;’kLoh Ogky- vkf.k vkiY;kyk gO;k vlysY;k thoukps vf/kdkjh

cuky- ijkoyach fdaok ijkfJr jkgwu vki.k ;k txkr dkghgh d# ‘kd.kkj ukgh-

euq”;kph ‘kksHkk gh vkfJr cu.;kr ukgh] rj vkJ; cu.;kr vkgs- tsOgk ;k txkrhy

nqljs yksda iq<s tkÅ ‘kdrkr] mUurh d: ‘kdrkr] rsOgk R;kaP;kp lkj[ks gkr&ik; o

cq)h&foosd vkiY;k toG vlrkauk vki.k ;’kLoh o le`) dka gksÅ ‘kd.kkj ukgh\

mUurhp s pkj lk si ku

let wrnkji.k k ] bekunkj h ] tckcnkj h o cgkn q j h

lkekU; fLFkrhiklwu Åap mB.;klkBh ijes’ojkus izR;sd O;fDryk Hkjiwj Lokra«;

iznku dsys vkgs- letwrnkji.kk] bekunkjh] tckcnkjh o cgknqjh ;k pkj foHkwrh v’kk

vkgsr] T;kapk lnqi;ksx o lqfu;kstu d#u izR;sd euq”; izxfrP;k fn’ksus iq<s tkÅ

‘kdrks- oLrqr% gs vkReksérhps pkj pj.kp vkgsr- ;kapk vaxhdkj dj.;klkBh vkEgh

iw.kZ tkx:d] rRij o rUe; gksÅu lrr iz;Ru djk;yk gos-

letwrnkji.kk & gk euq”;kpk loksZR—“V xq.k vkgs- letwrnkji.kk gs lkSHkkX;kps

izos’k }kj vkgs] rj eq[kZi.kk gs nqHkkZX;kps- letwrnkji.kk Eg.kts rkRdkfyd

vkd”kZ.kkae/;s la;ekps ikyu dj.ks] nwjpk fopkj dj.ks] ,[kk|k dkekph izfrfØ;k o

ifj.kkekP;k Lo#ikyk let.ks o fLFkfruq#i fu.kZ; ?ksÅu rlk iz;Ru dj.ks gks;-

letwrnkji.kk Eg.kts nSoh vuqnku uOgs] rj n{k o foosdoku O;Drh vkiY;k lrr

vH;klkus ;k ekuoh; xq.kkyk vkRelkr d:u Lor%P;k O;fDreRoke/;s pdkdh

vk.kr vlrkr- letwnkji.kk lkscr nwjn`”Vh o foosdcq)h gh vfuok;Zi.ks tqGysyh

vkgs- letwrnkj O;Drh] ;k la;e] Je] ,dkxzrk o vuq’kklukyk mTToy Hkfo”;kpk

ik;k letrkr- R;k rkRdkfyd ykHkkaoj tkLr y{k nsr ukghr rj nwjP;k ifj.kkekapk

fopkj djrkr Eg.kwu R;k iw.kZ lrdZrsus] rRijrsus o rUe;rsus vla[; miyfC/kauk

vkiY;k thoukr izkIr djhr tkrkr-

;kfo#) letqrnkji.kkus dke u ?ks.kkÚ;k O;Drh] {kf.kd ykHkkapkp fopkj

djhr vlrkr- vkt dsysY;k dkekpk Hkfo”;kr dk; ifj.kke fu?ksy] ;kpk fopkj R;k

djhr ukghr] R;kaP;k ?kkbZxnhZpk o vnwjnf’kZrspk ifj.kke tsOgk R;kaP;kleksj ;srks] rsOgk

R;kauk nq%[kp&nq%[k lgu djkos ykxrs- mrkohG o vfLFkj ekufldrsph vkG’kh o

cslko/k O;Drh loZ izdkjP;k lks;h miyC/k vlwu lq)k /kwrZ yksdka}kjs BxY;k tkrkr

  71  

vkf.k inksinh Bspk [kkr] fujFkZd Je djhr o d”Vkauk lgu djhr nqlÚ;kalkBh

migklkLin curkr o frjLÑr gksrkr vkf.k izR;sd osGh uqdlkuhe/;s jkgrkr-

vkiY;k NksVîkk cgh.kh lkscr ,d eqyxk fQjk;yk fu?kkyk jLR;kr R;k [kksMdj

cgh.khus ,dk is:okY;kyk /kDdk fnY;keqGs R;kps loZ is: fp[kykr iMwu csdkj

>kysr- gs c?kqu rks eqyxk R;k is:okY;kyk vkiY;k ?kjh ?ksÅu vkyk vkf.k vkiY;k

vkbZyk R;k is:aph uqdlku HkjikbZ dj.;klkBh lkafxrys- gs loZ c?kwu vkbZ vkiY;k

eqykaoj fpMyh vkf.k is:okY;kps iSls lq)k frus fnys ukgh- rsOgk R;k eqykus vkiY;k

U;kgkjhps iSls okpowu is:okY;kps uqdlku Hk:u fnys vkf.k Lor% nhM efguk QjkGp

dsyk ukgh- gkp eqyxk iq<s tkÅu usiksfy;u cksukikVZ cuyk-

ew[kZi.kk gk thoukrhy vusd {ks=kr cf?krY;k tkÅ ‘kdrks- fo|kFkhZ thoukr

okbZV laxrhe/;s iM.ks] mukMi.kk dj.ks] nqO;Zluh yksdkalkscr jkgwu u’kk dj.ks]

O;fHkpkjk lkj[ks nks”k&nqxZq.k rlsp thHksps pkspys iqjfo.ks] nqlÚ;kadMwu iSls fdaok oLrq

m/kkj ekx.ks] rlsp QW’ku bR;knhauk euq”;kpk ew[kZi.kkp Eg.krk ;sbZy- osG tk.;kpk

vkr tj euq”;kus letqrnkjhus dke ?ksrys ukgh rj R;ktoG Lor%P;k pqdhaoj

i’pkrki dj.;kf’kok; nqljs dkghp ckdh jkg.kkj ukgh- eklksGh gh T;kçek.ks

NksVÓkk’kk d.khdsP;k xksGîkkalkBh vkiys izk.k xekowu clrs] R;kizek.ksp ew[kZ O;Drh gh

FkksMÓkk’kk izyksHkuke/;s iMwu vkiys vewY; thou u”V djhr vlrs- euq”;kus tj

FkksMîkk letwrnkji.kkus dke ?ksrys rj rks bafnz;la;e] osGspk la;e] o vFkZla;ekps

ikyu djhr vkiY;k thou lainsyk u”V dj.kkÚ;k ;k nqxqZ.kkauk lgti.ks nwj d:

‘kdrks- nks”k&nqxqZ.kkauk vkiY;k LoHkkokps vax cufo.kkjs osG fu?kqu xsY;koj d’kk izdkjs

i’pkrki djhr clrkr] ;kph vusd mnkgj.ks vkEgh vkiY;k lHkksorkyp c?kw ‘kdrks-

letwrnkj yksda fopkj d:u&d:u vkiyh ikÅys iq<s Vkdr vlrkr- rs

xq.k&nks”kkaoj fopkj djrkr] vuqfpr xks”VhalkBh n`<i.ks udkj nsrkr] vkfRed fodklk

dfjrk ;ksX; xks”Vhauk ,dkdh fu’p;kP;k vk/kkjs Lohdkjrkr] Lor%pk ladYi o

lkglkeqGs fuf’apr gksÅu vkiY;k mÌs’k iwrhZP;k ekxkZoj pkyrkr vkf.k y{;ki;Zar

tk.;kr ;’kLoh gksrkr-

bekunkj h & letwrnkji.kkf’kok; ekuoh xfjesyk lq’kksfHkr dj.kkjh nqljh

xks”V vkgs & bekunkjh- bekunkjhpk vFkZ BkscG ekukus vkfFkZd O;ogkjke/;s

izkekf.kdrk Bso.;k’kh ?ksrY;k tkrks- ijarq rks ek= frrD;kp {ks=ki;Zar e;kZfnr ukgh-

  72  

O;kikjh oLrqae/;s HkslG u dj.ks] ew[kZ O;Drhauk u ywV.ks] dj&pksjh u dj.ks]

ykp nsÅu fdaok ?ksÅu vuqfpr dke u dj.ks ;kp xks”Vh loZlkekU;i.ks bekunkjhP;k

lhese/;s ;sr vlrkr- ;k uhrhyk Lohdkj dsY;kl lq:okrhyk uqdlku gksrkauk tjh

fnlr vlys rjh ‘ksoVh R;kph HkjikbZ gh gksrsp-

ts yksda FkkVkekVkps o QWa’kuscy thou tx.;klkBh vkf.k lq[kksiHkksxklkBh

vuko’;d iSlk [kpZ djrkr] rs bZekunkj jkgw ‘kdr ukghr- ;k vuko’;d [kpkZph

iwrZrk gh ojP;k dekbZus fdaok csbZekuhus feGfoysY;k mRiék}kjsp gksr vlrs- vls

yksda dtZ ?ks.;kiklwu rs nqlÚ;kauk Bxfo.ks o Qlosfxjh dj.;ki;Zarph loZ dkes d:

‘kdrkr- vkf.k tsOgk ;k iS’kkP;k ijrQsMhph osG ;srs] rsOgk rs Li”Vi.ks R;kyk udkj

nsrkr- T;k dekbZe/;s ;ksX; Je ykxysys ukgh] R;kyk csbZekuhph dekbZp Eg.krk

;sbZy] tls tqxkj] lV~Vk] pksjh] ykWVjh bR;knh- v’kh dekbZ T;k O;DrhdMs tkbZy]

R;kauk rh nqO;Zlukae/;sp vks<sy-

Jh peuyky lhryokM eqacbZP;k ,dk daiuhr dke djhr vlr- dke/ka?kkP;k

,dk O;ogkjkiklwu okp.;klkBh ,d euq”; R;kaP;ktoG vkyk o R;kauk ,d y{k

:i;kph ykp nsÅ ykxyk- ijarq lhryokM ;kauh R;kyk Li”Vi.ks udkj fnyk rsOgk rks

euq”; Eg.kkyk & egk’k;] brdh eksBh jDde vkiY;kyk dq.khgh ns.kkj ukgh- ;k

xks”Vhoj lhryokM glys o Eg.kkys & ^ns.kkjs rj cjsp feGrhy] ijarq R;kyk Li”Vi.ks

udkj ns.kkjk ek÷;klkj[kk ,[kknkp feGsy* gsp lhryokM ,d fnol eqacbZ fo|kihBkps

dqyxq: cuysr-

vkEgh Lor%Árh rlsp bZ’oj] dqVqac o lektkizrh lq)k bZekunkj jkgk;yk gos-

vkEgh vkiY;k vkRE;kP;k njckjkr [kksVkjMs o csbZeku fl) gksÅ u;s- tls vkarwu

vkgksr] rlsp ckgs:u lq)k vlkos- diV&dkjLFkku] /kwrZi.kk] [kksVkjMsi.kk] gk

dks.kR;kgh izdkjs vkeP;kr ;sÅ u;s- dkSVqfEcd tckcnkÚ;kafo”k;h vkEgh vkiY;k

drZO;kps fu;feri.ks ikyu djkos-

bekunkjhpk O;ogkj dj.ks Qkj lksis vkgs] tsOgk dh csbZekuh dj.kkÚ;kauk vusd

Ádkjps <ksax jpkos ykxrkr o diV&dkjLFkkukpk lgkjk ?;kok ykxrks- y{kkr

Bso.;k;ksX; xks”V rj ghp vkgs dh bekunkjhP;k vk/kkjsp ,[kknh O;Drh izkekf.kd o

fo’oklw cur vlrs- v’kh O;Drh tu&tukP;k Lusg&lg;ksxkyk o lUekukyk izkIr

djrs- csbZeku O;fDryk lq)k bZekunkj ukSdjp gos vlrkr- ;ko:u bZekunkj O;fDrps

lkeF;Z o R;kph vko’;drk fdrh tkLr vkgs] gsp Li”V gksrs- R;kph izfr”Bk o xfjek

  73  

gh ‘ksoVi;Zar fVdwu jkgrs- [kksVkjMîkk yksdkaph csbZekuh rj ykdMkP;k HkkaMîkkizek.ks

,dnkp vfXuoj p<r vlrs- v’kk yksdkaeqGs dq.kh O;Drh ,[kkns osGh Qlyk rjh

iqUgk iqUgk rks Qlr ukgh-

tckcnkjh & Hkxoarkus euq”;koj vusd izdkjP;k tckcnkÚ;ka lksifoY;k

vkgsr- lektkus lq)k R;kyk vusd izdkjP;k e;kZnsps ikyu dj.;klkBh o fuf”k)

xks”Vha iklwu okp.;klkBh ck/; dsys vkgs- ;k lokZaph tks voKk djrks] R;kyk mÌaM o

mPN`a[kyp ekuY;k tkrs-

izR;sd O;Drh gh ‘kjhjkps j{k.k] dqVqackph O;oLFkk] lektkfo”k;h fu”Bk o

vuq’kklukps ikyu ;klkj[;k drZO;ka’kh cka/kysyh vkgs- v’kk tokcnkÚ;kauk

fuHkfoY;kusp R;kaP;k ‘kkS;k±e/;s vk.k[kh tkLr pdkdh ;sr vlrs- ;k}kjsp R;kaP;koj

vusdkapk fo’okl clw ykxrks vkf.k ;k fo’oluh;rsP;k vk/kkjsp R;kyk vk.k[kh

eksBîkk tckcnkÚ;k fnY;k tkrkr] ts.ksd#u izxfrP;k map f’k[kjkoj iksgksp.;kpk la;ksx

R;kaP;kdMs vkdf”kZr gksbZy- yksda R;kauk vkxzgkus cksykorhy vkf.k vknj&lUeku

nsrhy- tckcnkj yksdkapsp O;fDrRo gs fnolsafnol pdkdr vlrs o rsp dkgh eksBs

Eg.k.;k;ksX; vls ijkØekps dk;Z d: ‘kdrkr-

Ñ”.kjko gs vykmn~nhu dfjrk gsjfxjh djhr vkgsr] ;kph ekfgrh tsOgk R;kaP;k

ohj iRuhyk&ohjerhyk dGkyh] rsOgk frus vkiY;k ifryk thokfu’kh ek:u Vkdys-

Ñ”.kjko ejrkauk iRuhyk Eg.kkys & ^ohjerh] vxa gs dk; dsysl rw\ Hkkjrh; fó;k

rj d/khp vls djhr ukghr-* rsOgk ohjerhus mRrj fnys & ^rqEgh iq.kZr% ;ksX;p

Eg.kr vkgkr] ijarq Hkkjrh; iq:”k lq)k d/khp vlk ns’knzksg djhr ukghr- vkf.k ;k

osGh jk”Vªkps j{k.k dj.ks gkp ek>k /keZ vkgs- ifrozr /kekZps ikyu tjh ekÖ;kdMwu

>kys ulays rjh ;kr xSj vls dkgh ukgh* vls Eg.kwu frus Lor%yk lq/nk dVîkkjhus

Hkksldwu Vkdys o irh lkscr lrh xsyh-

izR;sd letwrnkj O;fDrph gh tckcnkjh vkgs dh T;kizek.ks R;k vkiY;k

vFkZO;oLFksoj y{k Bsorkr] R;kpizek.ks vkiys eq[; midj.k vlysys ‘kjhj o eukyk

lq/nk R;kauh LoLFk o larqfyr Bsokos- ‘kjhj Eg.kts bZ’ojkus vkEgkyk lksifoysyh ,d

Bsop vkgs- R;kyk la;fer o O;ofLFkri.ks BsoY;kl vkEgkyk vk;q”;Hkj LoLFk jkgrk

;srs- T;kizek.ks pksjkyk ?kjkr ?kqlw fnY;k tkr ukgh] R;kpizek.ks vkeP;k efLr”dke/;s

lq)k vuqi;qDr fopkjkauk vkEgh izos’k nsÅ u;s] gh lq)k vkeph ,d tckcnkjhp

  74  

vkgs- euq”;kpk cstckcnkji.kk gk R;kP;k fc?kMysY;k ‘kkjhfjd o ekfuld

vkjksX;ko:up fnlwu ;sr vlrks-

uo;qodkauks ! bZ’ojkus rqEgkyk lq)k foosd’khy eu o fo’kky var%dj.k fnys

vkgs- rqEgh Lor%P;k tckcnkÚ;kauk fuHkfous f’kdk vkf.k vkiyk ns’k] /keZ] lekt] o

laLÑrhyk HkkSfrd n`”Vhus fodflr o HkkoukRed n`f”Vus lqlaLÑr cufo.;kpk iz;Ru

djk- dkj.k rqEghp orZeku vkgkr vkf.k rqEghp Hkfo”; vkgkr- vkeps dqVqac] lekt

o jk”Vª gs izR;sd n`f”Vus ;’kLoh cukos] gh rqephp tckcnkjh vkgs-

cgkn q j h & letwrnkj] bZekunkj o tckcnkj vl.;klkscrp euq”;kus cgknqj

lq)k vlk;yk gos- lkglh o ijkØeh O;Drh gh ,[kk|k HksdM ek.klkizek.ks

vi;’kkP;k vk’kadsUks o ekxkZr ;s.kkÚ;k dBh.k izlaxkiklwu ?kkc#u vkiY;k drZO;kyk

lksMr ukgh- ts dk;Z dj.;k;ksX; vkgsr] R;kyk rh iw.kZ eukus djhr vlrs-

bZ’ojkus euq”;kyk brds detksj cufoys ukgh dh R;kyk nhu&ghu voLFksr

jkgkos ykxsy- T;k O;Drh Lor%oj fo’okl djhr ukghr] R;kaP;kp ekxkZe/;s vMFkGs

;sr vlrkr- lq[k&lks;haP;k lk/kukauh laiUu vlwu lq)k fdrh&rjh O;Drh U;wuxaMkP;k

Hkkousus xzLr gksÅu Lor%yk okbZV voLFksr vuqHkor vlrkr- v’kk izdkjP;k yksdkauk

vls HkkX;ghu O;Drh letk;yk gos T;kauh Lor%p nkfjæîkkyk vkeaf=r d:u R;kyk

vkiY;k MksD;koj clowu Bsoys vkgs- cgknqjh rj ;krp vkgs dh rqeP;ktoG LoYi

lk/kus vlyh rjh Lor%ph fpdkVh] fgaer o esgurhP;k cGkoj vls dk;Z d#u

nk[kok T;kauk c?kwu yksda vk’p;kZus rksaMkr cksVa ?kkyrhy-

gsyu dsyj gh vka/kGh] cgjh o eqdh efgyk gksrh- ijarq Lor%ph cq/nh o

ladYicGkP;k vk/kkjs frus ;k uk R;k izdkjs f’k{k.k izkIr dsysp vkf.k rh ;kr ;’kLoh

lq)k >kyh- frus baxzth fo”k;kr ,e-,- dsys- ;klkscrp yWVhu] Qzasp] teZu bR;knh

Hkk”ksr lq)k frus uSiq.; çkIr dsys- ?kjkrhy dkes lq)k rh O;ofLFkri.ks d:u ?ksr

vls-

vkiY;k cq)hdkS’kY;kpk mi;ksx frus Lor%lkBhp dsyk ukgh rj viax yksdkaps

f’k{k.k o LokyacuklkBh frus laiw.kZ txkr izokl dsyk o djksMks :i;s ;k dk;kZlkBh

,df=r dsys- frP;k gq’kkjhus izHkkfor gksÅu vusd fo|kihBkauh fryk MkWDVjsVph ekun

inoh iznku dsyh- yksda fryk txkrhy vkBos vk’p;Z Eg.kr vlr-

  75  

okbZV laLdkj gs la?k”kZ dsY;kf’kok; tkr ulrkr vkf.k la?k”kkZdfjrk lkglh

cu.ks vko’;d vlrs] ;k okLrfodrsyk vkEgh y{kkr vlw |kos- cgknwj yksdkais{kk

H;kM yksdkaojp nqtZukaps vkØe.k gs gtkj iVhus tkLr gksr vlrkr- ;kyk loZ yksda

tk.krkrp- d”Vnk;h [kMrj vMFkGÓkkauk ikj d#u izxfrP;k ekxkZus iq<s tk.;klkBh

fgaer gkp ,d ek= vlk lkscrh vkgs dh T;k}kjs rqEgh ,dVs vlwu lq)k nqxZe

fnl.kkÚ;k ekxkZoj pky.;kr vkf.k y{;kIk;Zar iksgksp.;kr leFkZ gksÅ ‘kdrk-

Lor%P;k n ` f ”Vdk s. k kyk l q / k kj ko s

T;kizek.ks MksGîkkaoj fgjok p”ek p<foY;kus lHkksorkyps tx fgjos vkf.k yky

p<foY;kus yky fnlwu iMrs] R;kpizek.ks ;k txkr fnl.kkjh fofHkérk gh euq”;kP;k

osxosxGîkk n`f”Vdks.kkpkp ifj.kke vlrs] dks.kR;kgh >kMkdMs c?krkuk ,d lqrkj

R;krhy mi;ksxh ykdMkadMsp c?ksy] rj ,d nk’kZfud R;kyk fo’opSrU; o tM

inkFkkZus cuysys lkSn;Z letwu vkuafnr gksbZy- ,d izk.kh R;kyk Hkkstukph oLrq

letsy rj ,d lkekU; O;Drh R;kyk dkghp egRo ns.kkj ukgh-

euq”; gk nqlÚ;kafo”k;h tlk fopkj djrks o T;k n`f”VdksUkkus R;kaP;kdMs c?krks]

R;kaps fopkj lq)k rlsp vlrkr vkf.k ;keqGs R;kp izdkjps okrkoj.k o ifjfLFkfryk

rks izkIr djrks- nqlÚ;kae/khy nks”k&nqxZq.k c?k.kkjs ftFks dqBs tkrkr frFks R;kauk pkaxY;k

xks”Vh fnlqup ;sr ukghr- ;keqGs R;kaph eua gh R;k yksdka’kh tqGrp ukghr- ljG o

lkfRod LoHkkokps yksda lok±uk pkaxY;k n`”Vhus c?krkr] ;keqGs R;kauk lxGhdMs pkaxys

i.kkp fnlwu ;srks- okbZVkae/;s lq)k rs egku vkn’kk±uk c?kr vlrkr- esysY;k dq«;k’kh

yksda ?k`.kk djrkr ijarq d:.ksph ewrhZ vlysY;k ;s’kw f[kzLrkauh R;kr lq)k ijes’ojkP;k

lkSn;kZps n’kZu dsys gksrs o R;kyk vkiY;k ekaMhoj ?ksrys gksrs-

okLro rj gsp vkgs dh T;k O;fDrae/;s okbZV xks”Vh HkjysY;k vlrkr] R;kauk

gs laiw.kZ txp okbZV fnlr vlrs- gk fl/nkar txkrhy izR;sd O;fDroj iw.kZi.ks ykxw

iMrks- Eg.kwu izR;sd euq”;kus lokZr vk/kh Lor%e/khy nqxqZ.kkauk nwj djkos vkf.k uarj

nqlÚ;ka e/khy nqxqZ.kkauk c?kkos- ghp R;kaph izFke vko’;drk vkgs- ;kp loZ xks”Vhauk

y{kkr Bsowu lar dchjkauh Lor%P;k vuqHkokP;k vk/kkjs EgVys vkgs-

  76  

cqjk tks ns[ku esa pyk] cqjk u fefy;k dks; A

tks fny [kkstk vkiuk] eq> lk cqjk u dks; AA

;kpk vFkZ gkp dh tsOgk eh ;k txkr okbZV yksdkauk ‘kks/k.;klkBh fu?kkyks]

rsOgk eyk dqBsgh ,d lq/nk okbZV euq”; fnlyk ukgh- ;kuarj tsOgk eh Lor%e/;s

cf?krys] rsOgk ;k txkr ek÷;kis{kk okbZV nqljk dq.khgh ukgh] gsp eyk fnlwu vkys-

;ko:u lar dchj gkp ladsr djrkr dh euq”;kus Lor%P;k okLrfodrsyk letwup

vkiyk n`f”Vdks.k cuok;yk gok vkf.k nqlÚ;ke/khy nqxqZ.kkauk ‘kks/k.ks fdaok R;akps

fo’ys”k.k dj.ks can djk;yk gos-

loZ= Js”Brsyk c?khrY;kus nqlÚ;kae/khy okbZV xks”Vh lq)k vkeP;k vuqdwy cuwu

tkrkr- v’kkizdkjs lHkksorkyps okrkoj.k o ifjfLFkfrP;k fufeZrhe/;s vkepk Lor%pk

n`f”Vdks.k vkf.k R;kiklwu izsfjr >kysys Hkko] fopkj o vkpj.k gsp izeq[k Hkwfedk

fuHkfor vlrkr- euq”;kps fe= fdaok ’k=w Eg.kts R;kps Lor%ps Hkko] fopkj] vkpj.k

o n`f”Vdks.k gsp vkgsr-

,dnk ;qf/kf”Bj o nq;ksZ/ku nks?ksgh ,dkp lHksr clys gksrs- nq;ksZ/kukyk dq.kh iz’u

fopkjyk&^;k lHksr vki.kkl fdrh lTtu O;Drh fnlwu ;sr vkgsr-* rsOgk nq;ksZ/kukus

mRrj fnys & ^,dgh ukgh*-

gkp iz’u tsOgk ;qf/kf”Vjkyk fopkjY;k xsyk rsOgk rs Eg.kkys & ^eyk rj bFks

loZ= lTtu O;fDrp fnlwu ;sr vkgsr- ;sFkhy ,dgh O;Drh okbZV ukgh-*

euq”; gk vkiY;k pkaxY;k&okbZV n`f”Vdksukykp ckâ; ifjfLFkfraoj vkjksfir

d#u R;kauk rlsp c?kr vlrks- euq”; Lor% tlk vlsy] rlkp rks ckgsj lq)k c?ksy-

ojhy dFkukP;k iq”Vh dfjrk jkek;.kkrhy ,d nksgk ,dne ;ksX; clrks-

tkdh jgh Hkkouk tSlh A izHkq eqjfr ns[kh frUg rSlh AA

vkEgh Lor% lq/kkjyks] vkf.k Lor%P;k n`f”Vdks.kkyk lq/kkjys rj nqlÚ;kauk

lq/kkj.ks dkghp dBh.k jkg.kkj ukgh- nqlÚ;kauk lq/kkj.;kvk/kh vkEgh Lor%ykp

lq/kkj.;kpk fopkj djk;yk gok- nqlÚ;kadMwu lTtursP;k O;ogkjkph vis{kk

dj.;kvk/kh vkEgh Lor%ykp lTtu cuok;yk gos- nqlÚ;kaP;k detksjhoj Øks/k

dj.;kvk/kh vkEgh Lor%e/khy vusd nks”knqxqZ.kkauk c?kkos- nqxqZ.kkauk nwj dj.ks gh

iz’kaluh; izo`Rrh vkgs ijarq v’kk pkaxY;k dk;kZpk ‘kqHkkjaHk Lor%iklwup djk;yk gok-

  77  

;k txkr ,dgh vlk euq”; fnlwu ;s.kkj ukgh] T;kyk iw.kZr% lq[kh Eg.krk

;sbZy] T;kyk loZ ifjfLFkrh eukizek.ks feGkY;k vlrhy] T;kyk dks.krsgh d”V ulsy

vkf.k vi;’k rj d/khp feGkys ulsy- Hkxoarkus euq”;kyk vusd lq[k&lk/kus miyC/k

d#u fnyh vkgsr] rj dkgh vHkko lq)k R;kus Bsoys vkgsr- foosdoku O;Drh

thoukr ykHkysY;k lq[k&lks;ha fo”k;hp tkLr fparu djhr vlrkr vkf.k R;k

miyfC/kaoj larq”V gksÅu R;k bZ’ojkyk /kU;okn nsrkr- ;kfo#) vusd yksda rj

R;kaP;ktoG vlysY;k vla[; lq[k&lks;hauk rqPN letwu] ts dkgh FkksMsQkj d”V o

vHkko R;kauk vkgsr( R;kyk ioZrklkj[ks letwu Lor%yk Qkj ladVxzLr vuqHkor

vlrkr- v’kk yksdkaph vf/kdka’k ekufld ‘kDrh gh jMxk.ks xk.;kr o iLrko.;krp

[kphZ iMr vlrs-

thoukyk ‘kkarrke; fjrhus O;rhr dj.;kph i)r ghp vkgs dh Lor%P;k

d”Vkauk o leksj ;s.kkÚ;k dBh.k izlaxkuk vkEgh eksBs letw u;s- vkEgh R;kauk frrdsp

egRo |kos] ftrD;k R;k okLrfodi.ks vkgsr- ;keqGs vkeP;k vusd izdkjP;k fpark

;k lgti.ks nwj gksÅ ‘kdrkr-

,d fo|kFkhZ ifj{ksr ukikl gksrks- ;keqGs R;kps ekufld larqyu fc?kMrs- ;k

vi;’kkyk rks ,[kk|k otzikrkizek.ks letrks- ;keqGs loZ tx ek>k frjLdkj djsy]

fe=kleksj ek>h izfr”Bk /kqGhyk feGsy] vkbZ&oMhy eyk dVq ‘kCn cksywu ek>k

frjLdkj djrhy] vlk fopkj rks d: ykxrks- gh dYiuk R;kyk vlá okVw ykxrs

vkf.k rks jsYosP;k baftu leksj ;sÅu fdaok unhr mMh ek:u fdaok ,[kk|k nqlÚ;k

izdkjs vkRegR;k d:u clrks- ;keqGs R;kP;k ?kjkr gkgkdkj ektrks- Egkrkjs

vkbZ&oMhy jMwu&jMwu vkiys MksGs xekowu clrkr vkf.k ,dk mYgkliw.kZ o

glR;k&[ksGR;k ?kjkrhy okrkoj.k ‘kksd] {kksHk o uSjk’;se/;s cnywu tkrs- ;k foié

fLFkrhyk mRié dj.;kpk laiw.kZ nks”k gk R;k fo|kF;kZP;k pqdhP;k n`f”Vdks.kkykp |kok

ykxsp- T;keqGs rks ,dk NksVîkk’kk vi;’kkyk brds eksBs letwu clyk-

,d nqljk fo|kFkhZ lq)k R;kp oxkZr ukikl gksrks- R;kyk ;kps nq%[k rj gksrs]

ijarq oLrqfLFkrhps ;ksX; ewY;kadu rks djrks- vktP;k ;k ifjfLFkrhr ukikl gks.ks gh ,d

lkekU;’kh xks”V vkgs- ;kr usgeh fo|kF;kZaphp pwd vlrs] vls ukgh] rj f’k{kdkaph

v/;kiukfo”k;h vlysyh mnkflurk] okp.;kr u vkysys iz’u ifj{ksr ;s.ks vkf.k

mRrjif=dk rikl.;kr dj.;kr vkysyk cslko/ki.kk] ;k loZ xks”Vh dkj.khHkwr vkgsr]

vlk fopkj rks djrks- ;k o”khZ ukikl >kyks rj dk; >kys] iq<Y;k o”khZ tkLr ifjJe

  78  

?ksÅu tkLr pkaxY;k xq.kkauh eh ikl gksbZy] v’kk fopkjkauh rks vkiY;k eukyk

letkforks vkf.k ukikl >kY;keqGs mRié >kysY;k fujk’ksyk yodjp vkiY;k eukrwu

dk<wu iq<hy dk;ZØekr Lor%yk ykowu Vkdrks-

nksUgh fo|kFkhZ gs ,dkp osGh ,dkp oxkZr ukikl >kys gksrs- ;krhy ,dkus

vkRegR;k dsyh rj nqlÚ;kus ;k xks”Vhyk lkekU; letwu vkiY;k thoup;sZyk iwohZ

çek.ksp pkyw Bsoys- ;kr Qjd QDr n`f”Vdks.kkpk vkgs] ifjfLFkrhpk ukgh- ifjfLFkrh

;k ekuoh; ?kVusyk tckcnkj vlrh rj nks?kkaukgh lkj[ksp nq%[k >kys vlrs vkf.k

rsOgk nks?kkauhgh vkRegR;k djk;yk goh gksrh] ijarq vls ?kMys ukgh- ;ko:u gsp Li”V

gksrs dh ifjfLFkfrps ewY;akd.k dj.;kr xMcM >kY;kus ekufld larwyu fc?kMys vkf.k

R;keqGsp vkRegR;k dj.;klkj[kh nq%[kn ?kVuk ?kMyh- vkEgh Lor%P;k d”Vkauk ok<owu

c?k.;kis{kk] nqlÚ;k ladVxzLr yksdka’kh R;kph rqyuk d#u] R;kaP;kis{kk deh nq%[kh

vlysys vuqHko djkos- ;kp lanHkkZr ,dk ‘kk;jus EgVys vkgs & ^nqfu;k esa fdruk

xe gS] esjk xe fdruk de gS-*

ojhy nksu mnkgj.kkao:u ,d fu”d”kZ leksj ;srks] rks Eg.kts thoukfOk”k;h

vlysyk vkepk n`f”Vdks.k gk ‘kD;rks ldkjkRedp vlkok- ,dk isY;kr tj v/ksZ

ik.kh Hkjysys vlsy] rj R;kyk rks v/kkZ fjdkek vkgs vlk udkjkRed fopkj

dj.;kis{kk] rks isyk v/kkZ Hkjysyk vkgs vlk ldkjkRed n`f”Vdksu vkEgh Bsokok-

vkeP;ktoG miyC/k vlysY;k lk/kukapk lnqi;ksx dj.ks tj vkEgh f’kdyks

vkf.k izR;sd oLrqpk dkVdljhus mi;ksx d:u R;kpk iwjsiwj Qk;nk mpyyk rj vkt

ts dkgh vkeP;ktoG vkgs] rsp vkeP;k vkuankyk vusd iVhus ok<ow ‘kdrs- ;k

fo:) tj vkepk n`f”Vdksu vLrkO;Lr vlsy] rj Hkjiwj izek.kkr lq[klks;hph lk/kus

miyC/k vlwugh R;kiklwu vkEgkyk dkghp ykHk gks.kkjk ukgh- lq[kh thoukph bPNk

lok±ukp vlrs] ijarq R;kyk izkIr dj.ks rsOgkp ‘kD; vkgs tsOgk vkEgh vkiY;k

n`f”Vdksuke/;s vlysY;k =qVhauk letwu R;kauk lq/kkj.;kpk iz;Ru d#- vkepk lq/kkjysyk

n`f”Vdks.k LoYi lk/kus o lkekU; ifjfLFkrhe/;s lq)k thoukr ‘kkarrk o lek/kkukyk

dk;e Bsoq ‘kdrks-

izR;sd euq”; gk vkiY;k HkkX;kpk fuekZrk Lor%p vkgs- dksGh vkiys tkGs

Lor%p fo.kr vlrks vkf.k Lor%p R;kr xqarqu iMrks- euq”; lq)k vkiY;k

lHkksorkyP;k ifjfLFkfrps tkGs Lor%p fo.kr vlrks] rks Lor%p R;kr xqarqu iMrks

vkf.k Lor%p ckgsj lq)k fu?krks-

  79  

;k txkr v’kk yksdkaph deh ukgh ts vLoLFk vlwu lq)k vusd osxosxGîkk

dkekae/;s ykxwu vlrkr- rs Lor%P;k nq%[kkyk] o osnusyk fol:u nqlÚ;kP;k lsose/;s

Lor%yk ykowu Bsorkr- rs d/khp [kkVsoj iMwu fdaok ?kjkr clwu vkiY;k vktkjkph

vkjk/kuk djhr ukghr- ;klkscrp vls yksda lq)k ;k txkr vk<Grkr] ts FkksMîkk’;k

lnhZ&iM’Ókkus fdaok FkksMklk rki vkY;kus [kkVsoj iMwu jkgrkr- dke dsY;kus vktkj

ok<sy] ’kjhj detksj gksbZy ;k fHkrhus rs Lor%yk diMîkkr xqaMkGwu Bsorkr- ;ko:u

vkEgkyk gsp fnlwu ;srs dh nq%[k] =kl fdaok vHkko gs ifjfLFkrh oj voyacwu ukghr]

rj vkeph fopkj dj.;kph ‘kDrh fdaok vkeP;k n`f”Vdks.kkojp rs voyacwu vkgsr-

v’kkarrk o vlek/kku gs cÚ;kp va’kh euq”;kP;k vkiY;k eukoj lq)k

voyacwu vkgs- vkEgkyk tj [kjks[kjp nq%[kkiklwu eqDr Ogk;ps vlsy o lq[k

feGok;ps vlsy rj cká oLrq o ifjfLFkfryk R;kps dkj.k let.;kP;k vKkukyk nwj

lkjkos ykxsy- nqlÚ;kauk nks”k ns.;kpk LoHkko cnykok ykxsy- vkiY;k eukyk]

vkoMhyk] /kkj.kk o fo’oklkyk ‘kq) cuokos ykxsy] Lor%P;k n`f”Vdks.kkyk O;kid o

lqanj cuowu ;k txkyk c?kkos ykxsy] rsOgkp vkeps nq%[kkiklwu lqV.ks o lq[kkyk izkIr

dj.ks ‘kD; vkgs- vkiY;k ladqfpr fdaok ghu n`f”Vdks.kkyk lnkpkjke/;s cnyfoY;kl

;k txkr pgqdMs vkEgkyk lksan;Z o lq[kp fnlwu ;sbZy- Eg.krkr uk dh ^utjs cnyh

rks utkjs cny x;s*- vkeph c?k.;kph n`”Vh cnyyh rj leksjhy n`’; lq)k cnyys

vkgs] ;kph vuqHkwrh vkEgkyk ;sÅ ykxsy-

x q. k&de Z&LoHk kokph J s ”Brk

¼[kjh yk sdfi z;rk½

thoukrhy [kÚ;k ;’kkyk o yksdfiz;rsyk feGfo.;klkBh /ku&laiRrh fdaok

‘kDrh o vf/kdkjkph xjt ulrs] rj R;kdfjrk xq.k] deZ o LoHkkokP;k Js”Brsph

vko’;drk euq”;kyk iMr vlrs- tksi;Zar euq”;kP;k xq.k&deZ&LoHkkokr Js”Brspk

lekos’k gks.kkj ukgh] rksi;Zar rjh Hkjiwj /ku&laink o ‘kDrhyk izkIr d:u lq)k rks

[kÚ;k yksdfiz;rsyk izkIr d: ‘kdr ukgh-

tks xq.koku vkgs] R;kpk vknj] /kuh dk; o fu/kZu dk;] vls loZp djhr

vlrkr- R;kaph iwtk fdaok izfr”Bk cká ifjfLFkrhoj gksr ulrs rj ;kyk dkj.k R;kps

vkarfjd xq.k gsp vlrkr- lgkuqHkwrh] laosnuk] lg;ksx o lsospk xq.k euq”;kyk rh

yksdfiz;rk nsÅ ‘kdrks] th ,d /kuk<; O;Drh gtkjks&yk[kks :i;s [kpwZu lq)k feGow

  80  

‘kdr ukgh- lgkuqHkwrhpk ,d ‘kCn] laosnuspk ,d vJw o lsosps ,d NksVsls dk;Z gs

gtkjks eu lqo.kkZis{kk tkLr ekSY;oku vkgsr- ,[kk|k ‘kksd izlaxkyk] ihMhr O;fDryk

fnysyk lkaRouspk ,d ‘kCn rlsp nhu&nq%[kh fdaok ladVxzLr yksdkaph lsok gh R;kaph

vkfFkZd enr dj.;kis{kk tkLr lek/kkudkjd Bjr vlrs- ,d fu/kZu O;Drh lq)k tj

R;kus Lor%e/;s [kÚ;k xq.kkapk fodkl dsyk vlsy- rj ,[kk|k /kuk<;kis{kk lq/nk tkLr

yksdfç; gksÅ ‘kdrs-

ckn’kkg >kY;kuarj glu yk dq.kh rjh fopkjys & ^vkiY;ktoG Hkjiwj

/ku&laiRrh o lqo.kZjk’kh ulrkauk lq/nk vki.k lqyrku dls dka cuykr\*

glu us ;koj mRrj fnys & ^fe=ka fo”k;h vlysys ek>s [kjs izse] ‘k=wa fo”k;h

vlysyh mnkjrk vkf.k euq”;kafo”k;h vlysY;k ek÷;k ln~Hkkouk] ;k xks”Vh ek>s

lqyrku cu.;klkBh iqjs’;k ukghr dka\*

tks lnkpkjh vkgs] ln~deZ dj.kkjk vkgs] R;kps vkpj.kp R;kyk yksdfiz;

cuowu Vkd.kkj gs fuf’pr- yksda R;kaoj fo’okl Vkdrhy vkf.k R;kyk vknjkP;k

n`f”Vus c?kwu R;kfo”k;h ppkZ djrhy- dekZP;k Js”Brsoj o pkfj«;kP;k fu”dyadrsoj

fo’okl Bso.kkÚ;k O;Drh] eksB;kr&eksBs d”V mpywu lq)k dq.kkyk nxk ns.kkj ukghr-

[kksVs vkpj.k dj.;kpk fdaok voMacjkpk vk/kkj R;k ?ks.kkj ukghr- R;k vls dks.krsgh

dke dj.kkj ukghr T;keqGs R;kaps dqVqac] lekt] jk”Vª fdaok ekuork dyafdr gksbZy-

ln~deZ dj.kkÚ;kaP;k var%dj.kkr diV&dkjLFkku] bZ”;kZ&}s”k] o dke&Øks/k bR;knh

fodkjkapk osx fnlwu ;sr ukgh- v’kk lqanj pkfj«;kps yksda vkiY;k drZO;kpk]

vf/kdkjkapk fdaok ‘kfDrpk iz;ksx v’kk fn’ksus djhr ukghr] dh T;keqGs R;kaP;k

ukxfjdrsyk vkf.k uSfrdrsyk >G iksgkspsy- v’kk Js”B O;fDrdMs yksdkaps y{k

vkiksvkip vkdf”kZr gksr vlrs-

bZjkupk ckn’kkg vCckl ;kauh f’kdkjho:u ijrrkauk eksgEen vyh csx ukokP;k

xqjk[;kyk Lor%lkscr jktegkykr vk.kys- rks xqjk[kh gtjtokch o izHkkoh

O;fDreRokpk /kuh gksrk- ckn’kkgkus R;kyk jkT;kpk [kftunkj cufoys- xjhc dqVqackrhy

vlwu lq)k brD;k Hkjiwj iS’kkyk c?kwu R;kps eu d/khp fopfyr >kys ukgh- rks

Lor%yk [kftU;kpk j{kd letwu vR;ar lk/ksi.kkus thou O;rhr djhr vls- ckn’kkg

esY;kuarj R;kpk ukrw ‘kkg lQh gk jktflagklukoj clyk- ,ds fno’kh R;kus dq.kkykgh

u dGfork jktegkykps fujh{k.k dsys- ,dk v’kk [kksyhoj R;kph n`”Vh xsyh T;kyk

rhu&rhu dqywia ykowu gksrh- ‘kkg ;kauh fopkjys & ^;kr vls dk; vkgs dh ;kyk

  81  

rhu eksB&eksBh dqyqis yko.;kr vkyh vkgsr\ yxsp dqyqikauk m?kMY;k xsys] rsOgk

R;k [kksyhr ,d dkBh] ,d dkpsph lqjbZ] ,d tkMk HkjMk iks’kk[k o nksu tkM CyWdsV

Bsoysys vk<Gwu vkys- [kftunkj vyh csx us ;koj mRrj fnys & ^tsOgk LoxhZ;

ckn’kkgkus eyk ;sFks vk.kys gksrs rsOgk ;kp oLrq ek÷;ktoG gksR;k vkf.k vkt lq)k

ek÷;k Eg.k.;k;ksX; oLrw ;kp vkgsr- ;kiklwu izsj.kk ?ksÅu eh R;kp Lrjkps thou

tx.;kpk vH;kl djhr vlrks-* v’kk vkn’kZfu”B O;fDryk c?kwu ckn’kkg R;kleksj

ureLrd >kyk-

T;k O;fDrpk LoHkko xksM vkgs] th O;Drh Øks/kkps dkj.k vlwu lq)k ‘kkar o

larqfyr jkgrs- ygku&eksB;k loZ O;fDra’kh ,d lkj[;k izlérsus HksVrs o cksyrs-

dq.kkph fuank dj.ks fdaok R;akP;krhy nks”k c?k.ks] T;kaP;k LoHkkokr ukgh] th nqlÚ;kaP;k

nks”kkauk u c?krk R;kaps xq.kp c?krs] v’kh O;Drh vkiY;k Js”B LoHkkokeqGs lgtp

yksdfiz; gksr vlrs- v’kk ifo= LoHkkokP;k O;Drh fuf’prp ijksidkjh dk;kZaoj

vkiyk fo’okl Bsohr vlrkr- ijekFkkZph NksVh’kh la/kh tjh R;kauk feGkyh rjh R;k

dks.kR;kgh izksRlkgukf’kok; R;k dkekr Lor%yk okgwu ?ksrkr- dq.kkps nq%[k c?kwu R;kaps

MksGs Hk:u ;srkr rj dq.kkyk vkuanhr gksrkauk c?kwu rs lq)k iqyfdr gksrkr- gs R;akps

izkÑfrd oSf’k”Vîk vlrs- v’kk ikou iq:”kkauk dks.k vksG[k.kkj ukgh o dks.k ;kauk

vkBo.khr Bso.kkj ukgh\

jktk ckyhd ;kauh dkgh dkj.kkeqGs ukjkt gksÅu vkiyk iz/kkuea=h Hknzthryk

inko:u dk<wu Vkdys] yksddY;k.kk dfjrk in uOgs rj Js”B Hkkouk vl.ks vko’;d

vkgs] ;k vkn’kkZoj Hknzthr vVG gksrs- R;kauh tulaidZ lk/kyk o yksdlsosP;k dk;kZr

Lor%yk okgwu ?ksrys- ;keqGs iztsps lgdk;Z R;kauk vk/khis{kk tkLr ykHkys o R;keqGs

R;kaP;k lq[k&lek/kkuke/;s ok<p >kyh-

ea«;kyk fnysY;k naMkps QG c?k.;kph bPNk jktkyk >kyh- rs os”k ikyVwu

tsOgk HknzthrtoG tkÅu iksgkspys] rsOgk rs Qkj dq’ky vlY;kps R;kauk tk.koys-

fpark o vHkkokps dks.krsgh fpUg R;kaP;k psgÚ;koj uOgrs- os”k cnyysY;k jktkus

Hknzthrpk gkygoky fopkjyk] rsOgk rs Eg.kkys & ^^ek÷;koj jktkps Qkj eksBs midkj

vkgsr- inkis{kk Lor%ps deZ o O;ogkjkpk izHkko gk tkLr lkFkZd Bjr vlrks] gs

let.;kph la/kh eyk R;kaP;keqGsp feGkyh- vkt ek÷;kr o ek>s vkjk/; vlysY;k

turse/;s QDr Lusgkps lw= vkgsr- in] izfr”Bk o vkSipkfjdrsph [kkbZ iw.kZi.ks HkjY;k

xsyh vkgs- nqlÚ;kaP;k lq[knq%[kke/;s tks vkReh;rspk vuqHko vkt eyk gksr vkgs rks

  82  

vk/kh d/khp >kysyk ukgh-** vkrk jktkyk gs dGwu pqdys gksrs dh Js”B iq:”k gs inkus

uOgs rj vkiY;k xq.k&deZ LoHkkokP;k Js”BrseqGs lUekukps ik= cur vlrkr-

xq.k&deZ&LoHkkokP;k Js”BrseqGsp euq”;kyk [kjh yksdfiz;rk feGr vlrs-

,[kknh O;Drh Qkj xq.koku vlsy] n;kGw o Hkkoqd vlsy] rj R;kph lgkuqHkwrh o

laosnuk tkx`r gks.;kr FkksMkgh osG ykxr ukgh] ijarq tj R;kaps deZ gs R;kaP;k

xq.kkuq:i ulrhy rj R;kaps rs xq.k [kksVs letY;k tkbZy- dq.kkP;k MksG;karhy vJwauk

c?kwu R;kaps MksGs rj Hk:u vkys ijarq R;k vJwauk nwj dj.;k;ksX; fdaok iql.;k;ksX;

,[kkns NksVsls dk;Z lq)k R;kdMwu ?kMwu ;sr ulsy- rj R;kph gh lgkuqHkwrh ekufld

detksjheqGs mRié >kysyh Hkkoqdrkp EgVY;k tkbZy- v’kk fuf”Ø; HkkoqdrseqGs [kjh

yksdfiz;rk çkIr gksÅ ‘kdr ukgh- th O;Drh xq.koku vkgs vkf.k T;kaps deZ lq)k

lqanj vkgsr] ijarq LoHkko d”Vdkjd vkgs rj rh lq)k yksdkauk vkoM.kkj ukgh-

,[kk|k’kh lgkuqHkwrh Bsowu R;kph ;ksX; enr dj.kkÚ;k O;fDrus tj HkkousP;k

vkosxke/;s ;sÅu dkgh dBksj xks”V fdaok O;ogkj R;klkscr dsyk rj R;kus vkti;Zar

dsysY;k loZ dkekaoj ik.kh fQjsy- Eg.kwu [kÚ;k yksdfiz;rsyk izkIr dj.;klkBh xq.k]

deZ] LoHkko v’kk fr?kakphgh Js”Brk vl.ks Qkj vko’;d vkgs-

,[kk|k O;fDrus fdrh iSlk] oSHko] ‘kDrh o vf/kdkj izkIr dsys vkgsr] ;kr

R;kP;k thoukps ;’k ukgh rj R;kus fdrh yksdkaps ân; ftadys vkgs] fdrh yksdkaP;k

var%dj.kkoj vkiY;k ekuorsph vfeV Nki lksMysyh vkgs] fdrh yksdkapk fo’okl

dks.kR;k e;kZnsi;Zar ftadyk vkgs] Lor%P;k vkpj.kkus fdrh yksdkauk vkiY;k Lej.kkr

Bso.;klkBh ykpkj dsys vkgs] ;krp R;kP;k thoukps ;’k yiysys vkgs- v’kk

izdkjph yksdfiz;rk gsp thoukps okLrfod ;’k vkgs vkf.k gh yksdfç;rk

xq.k&deZ&LoHkko v’kk fr?kkaP;kgh Js”Brsusp izkIr gksÅ ‘kdrs-

folkO;k ‘krkCnhps egku oSKkfud vkbULVkbu ,dnk csfYt;eP;k egkjk.khP;k

fuea=.kkoj czqlsYl ;sFks xsys- R;kauk ?ks.;klkBh egkjk.khus vusd mPp vf/kdkÚ;kauk

ikBfoys ijarq lkekU; os’kHkw”kk o lk/;k jkg.khekukeqGs rs vkbULVkbZuyk vksG[kw ‘kdys

ukghr- ;keqGs rs vf/kdkjh rlsp ijr fQjysr-

bdMs vkbULVkbZu vkiyh cWx gkrkr ?ksÅu jktegkykr tkÅu iksgkspys- jk.khus

vkiY;k vf/kdkÚ;kaP;k vKkukeqGs >kysY;k xSjlks;hlkBh R;kaph {kek ekxhryh] rsOgk rs

glr&glr Eg.kkys] ^^vki.k NksVîkk&NksVîkk xks”VhlkaBh okbZV okVwu ?ksÅ u;s] eyk

ik;h pky.ks Qkj vkoMrs**] T;k jktlh lUekukdfjrk yksda vk;q”;Hkj ifjJe ?ksr

  83  

vlrkr] rks lUeku egkiq:”kkauk vkiY;k lk/ksi.kkiq<s brdk NksVk okVrks dh R;kph ppkZ

dj.ks lq)k rs fujFkZd letrkr-

ln ~x q. k k au k ok<oko s ] l ql aLÑr cuko s

euq”;ktoG vlysys lokZr eksBs /ku Eg.kts] R;kps ln~xq.k gks;] T;akP;k

toG ftrds tkLr ln~xq.k vkgsr] rks frrdkp eksBk Jhear vkgs- T;kçek.ks iSlk nsÅu

cktkjkrhy izR;sd oLrq fodr ?ksrk ;srs] R;kpizek.ks ln~xq.kkaP;k iwathus bfPNr

vlysY;k dks.kR;kgh fn’ksr euq”;kyk izxrh djrk ;srs- T;k O;fDre/;s ln~xq.kkaph

laink Hkjysyh vkgs] R;kauk R;kaps vkRecG o vkRefo’okl gs ,[kk|k nSoh enrhizek.ks

usgeh izxrhpk ekxZ nk[kohr vlrs- vkiY;k xksM LoHkkokeqGs v’kh O;Drh ftFks dqBs

tkrs] frFks vkiys ,d osxGs LFkku rh cufor vlrs- vkiY;k oSf’k”B~;kus rh lokZauk

izHkkfor d:u ?ksrs vkf.k R;kaP;k lgkuqHkwfryk çkIr djrs- nqlÚ;kuka çHkkfor dj.;kps

o ;’k feGfo.;kps eq[; dkj.k rj vkiys ln~xq.kp vlrkr- T;kaP;kdMs gs oSf’k”V~;

vlsy] R;akP;klkBh ijD;k O;Drh lq)k vkiY;k cuwu tkrhy vkf.k ‘k=wauk fe=

cufo.;kr R;kauk FkksMkgh osG ykx.kkj ukgh- ekuoh thoukpk vk/kkjLraHk Eg.kts R;kaps

ln~xq.kp vkgsr- vkiY;k xq.k&deZ&LoHkkokyk Js”B cufo.ks o vkiY;k lo;hauk

Js”B&lTtu yksdkaizek.ks ?kMfo.ks Eg.kts] vls egku ;’k vkgs T;kph rqyuk nqlÚ;k

dks.kR;kgh lkalkfjd dkeka’kh djrk ;sr ukgh- ln~xq.kkaP;k fodklkpk ;ksX; ekxZ gkp

vkgs dh vkEgh R;kaP;kfo”k;hp fo’ks”k #ikus fopkj djkok] rlsp okpkos] rlsp ,sdkos]

rlsp cksykos vkf.k rlsp fparu djkos] ts ln~xq.kkauk o lRizo`fÙkauk ok<fo.;kr

lgk¸;d Bjsy- ln~xq.kkapk vaxhdkj dsY;kus vkeP;k mRFkkukpk o vkuankpk ekxZ fdrh

iz’kLr gksÅ ‘kdrks] ;kps fparu o euu vki.k lrr djk;yk gos-

Lor%e/;s ln~xq.kkaps ts dkgh chtkadqj vkf.k T;k dkgh pkaxY;k xks”Vh o

lRizo`Ùkh vkEgkyk fnlwu ;sr vlrhy] vkEgh R;kaukp ‘kks/kr jkgkos- ;k}kjs ts ln~xq.k

Lor%e/;s vk<Grhy R;koj izlUu Ogkos vkf.k R;kauk ok<fo.;kr o eksBs dj.;kr

Lor%yk ykowu |kos- pgwdMs mxoysY;k xorkr tj ,[kkns pkaxys >kM mxoys vlsy

rj R;kyk c?kwu ,d gq’kkj ‘skrdjh vkuafnr gksrks vkf.k R;kP;k laj{k.kkph o ok<hph

;ksX; rh O;oLFkk rks ykorks] ts.ksd:u rs >kM eksBs >kY;kuarj R;kpk ykHk R;kyk

izkIr gksbZy- vkEgh lq)k vkeP;k ln~xq.kkauk v’kkp izdkjs ‘kks/kkos- ts ln~xq.k vadqjhr

>kys vkgsr] R;kaP;kdMs O;ofLFkri.ks y{k iqjfoY;k xsys rj rs uDdhp fodflr

gksrhy vkf.k ,d fnol QGk&Qqykauh cg:u vkeP;k fpÙkkyk vkuafnr djrhy-

  84  

vkEgh lTtu O;Drh cuw] Lor%e/khy Js”Brsyk ok<ow] ln~xq.kkapk fodkl d:] v’kkp

çdkjP;k bPNk vkeP;k vlk;yk gO;k] vkeP;ke/;s FkksMîkk izek.kkr tjh ln~xq.k

vlys rjh Hkfo”;kr R;akpk fodkl >kY;kl vkeps HkkX; o Hkfo”; Qkj mTToy gksÅ

‘kdrs fdaok rlk iz;Ru lgti.ks dsY;k tkÅ ‘kdrks- ‘kD; vkgs dh vkt vkeP;kr

ln~xq.kkaph la[;k deh vlsy] rs NksVs&NksVs o detksj lq)k vlrhy ijarq gs dk;

deh vkgs dh vkeP;kr rs ln~xq.k vkgsr vkf.k ;kyk lq)k dkgh deh ys[krk ;s.kkj

ukgh dh vkEgh R;kauk ok<fo.;kpk fopkj lq)k djhr vkgksr- ;k txkr ,dgh vlk

fnO; xq.k ukgh] T;kyk rhoz bPNk’kDrh o izcG iq:”kkFkkZP;k vk/kkjs izkIr djrk ;s.kkj

ukgh- ln~xq.kkaP;k ekSY;oku laiRrhyk ekuoh thoukrhy lokZr eksBh foHkwrh ekuY;k

tkrs] R;kyk izkIr dj.ks FkksMs dBh.k rj vkgs ijarq gs R;kaP;klkBhp dBh.k vkgs] ts

;kdMs y{k nsr ukghr- T;kauh vkiY;k eu o efLr”dkyk Js”Brsps egRo let.;klkBh

o R;kauk izkIr dj.;klkBh r;kj dsys vkgs- R;kauk R;kaps y{; rj izkIr gksbZyp f’kok;

rs Js”B o lTtu O;Drh cuwu Lor%yk ije HkkX;’kkyh lq/nk vuqHko djrhy gs

fuf’pr-

,dk jktkyk ,ds fno’kh ,d LoIu iMys- R;kr R;kyk ,dk lk/kqus lkafxrys

dh m|k jk=h rqyk ,d fo”kkjh lki pkosy o rq>k e`R;q gksbZy- gk lki Eg.kts rq>k

ekxhy tUekrhy ‘k=w vkgs vkf.k rks veqd >kMkP;k eqGk’kh jkgrks- ldkGh jktk

>ksiwu mByk vkf.k vkRej{k.kklkBh dks.krk mik; djk;yk gok] ;koj fopkj d:

ykxyk- R;kyk iMysys LoIu gs lR; vkgs] ;koj R;kpk iw.kZ fo’okl gksrk- R;kus

lkiklkscr e/kqj O;ogkj dj.;kpk fu’p; dsyk- la/;kdkG gksrkp R;k >kMkP;k

eqGkiklwu rs Lor%P;k fcNk.;ki;Zar R;kus Qqykapk xkfypk vaFkjyk] R;koj lqxa/khr

nzO;kps flapu dsys- nq/kkph HkkaMh jLR;koj tkxkstkxh Bsoyh vkf.k vkiY;k lsodkauk

vkns’k fnyk dh lki vkY;kl R;kyk dlykp =kl nsÅ u;s-

jk=hyk lki tlk&tlk jktegkykdMs tkÅ ykxyk] R;kpk jkx ‘kkar gksr xsyk

vkf.k ‘ksoVh tsOgk rks jktktoG tkÅu iksgkspyk rsOgk rj R;kP;k ln~O;ogkjkus izlé

gksÅu lkikus vkiyk ekSY;oku e.kh lq)k R;kyk nsÅu Vkdyk vkf.k jktkyk u

pkorkp rks rlkp vkiY;k fcGkr ijr vkyk- lTturk o ln~O;ogkj gs nksu vls

izcG vó vkgsr dh T;kaP;kleksj okbZVkr&okbZV LoHkko vlysY;k nq”V ek.klkauk

lq)k ijkHko Lohdkjkok ykxrks-

  85  

ln~xq.kkapk fodkl dj.;kpk iz;Ru vki.k djhr vlky rj uDdhp vki.kkl

;ksX; lUeku izkIr gksbZy- yksda xq.kkaph iwtk djhr vlrkr] O;fDraph uOgs- rs

lR;kleksj vkiys eLrd >qdforkr] cukoV fdaok vlR;kiq<s ukgh- iGlkph Qqya Qkj

vkd”kZd fnlrkr ijarq yksda xqykckP;k lqxa/kkykp tkLr ilar djrkr- vki.kkae/;s

ln~xq.kkapk fodkl >kY;kl vki.k lq)k nqlÚ;kaP;k iz’kalsps ik= cuky- euq”;ke/;s

xq.kkaps izek.k ftrds ok<r tkrs] yksda lq)k R;kp çek.kkr R;kaP;kdMs vkdf”kZr gksÅ

ykxrkr- Js”B dk;Z dj.kkÚ;kaph iz’kalk izR;sd fBdk.kh gksr vlrs- vkiY;ktoG

vl.kkjk ,[kknk xq.k lkekU; Js.khP;k O;fDrais{kk ftrdk tkLr vlsy] frrdsp eksBs

;’k vkiY;kyk çkIr gksr tkbZy-

xq.k&xzkgd vl.ks gk Qkj fof’k”B xq.k vkgs- euq”;kus loZ fopkjkauk cktwyk

lk:u tj xq.kxzkgdrsyk ok<fo.;kdMs vkiY;k loZ ekufld ‘kfDrauk dsUnzhr dsys

vkf.k jkst ;k Hkkousyk n`< djhr xsys rj rks Lor%p ln~xq.kkpk ,d n`’; iqrGk cuwu

tkbZy- ;keqGs R;kP;k ekufld ‘kDrh ok<rhy] ‘k=qRokph Hkkouk nwj gksbZy] ijds

okV.kkjs lq)k vkiys cuwu tkrhy vkf.k R;kps nq%[k deh gksÅu] lq[kke/;s ok< gksbZy-

Eg.kwu vki.k usgeh xq.kkaukp c?kkos] xq.kkaphp ppkZ djkoh] vkf.k xq.koku O;fDraukp

izksRlkfgr djkos- vkepk vlk LoHkko nqlÚ;kalkBhp uOgs rj vkEgk Lor%lkBh lq)k

ije eaxydkjh fl) gksÅ ‘kdrks-

lqdjkr gs fnl.;kr Qkj dq:i gksrs] rjh lq)k rs usgeh ,d vkjlk Lor%toG

ckGxr o okjaokj R;kr vkiyk psgjk c?kr- ,dk fe=kus ;kps dkj.k R;kauk fopkjys

rsOgk rs Eg.kkys & ^vkj’;kr c?kwu eh usgeh gk fopkj djrks dh ;k dq:irsyk nwj

dj.;klkBh eh dkgh pkaxys dk;Z d:u Lor%P;k lkSn;kZyk ok<ok;yk gos- ekÖ;k

dq:irsyk usgeh Lej.kkr Bso.;klkBh eyk okjaokj vkj’;kph enr feGr vlrs-*

,d nqljh xks”V lq)k lqdjkr ;kauh lkafxryh- rs Eg.krkr & ^th O;Drh

lkSan;Zoku vkgs] R;kauh lq)k okjaokj vkj’kkr c?kk;yk gos vkf.k Hkxoarkus fnysY;k ;k

lkSan;kZoj ek÷;k nq”izo`fRreqGs FkksMk lq)k dyad ykxw u;s] ;kpk iz;Ru djk;yk gok-*

R;kaps er gksrs & ^euq”;ke/;s panuklkj[ks xq.k vlkosr- lqMkSy vlks dh csMksy]

panukps ykdwM gs lqxa/kp iljfo.kkj-*

f’k ”Vkpkj kyk Lohdkjko s & vknj feGokok

  86  

vls Eg.krkr dh euq”;kph vksG[k gh R;kP;k f’k”Vkpkjko:u gksr vlrs- R;kaps

mB.ks&cl.ks] pky.ks&fQj.ks] nqlÚ;ka’kh cksy.ks R;kaP;k ?kjh tk.kkÚ;k&;s.kkÚ;k o

jLR;kr HksV.kkÚ;k vksG[khaP;k yksdka’kh R;kaps HksV.ks] v’kk izR;sd dk;kZauk c?kwu ,[kk|k

vuqHkoh O;fDryk gs lkax.ks dBh.k tk.kkj ukgh dh gh O;Drh [kjks[kjp Qkj

lkekftd] lH; o ‘kkyhu vkgs-

lH;rk o f’k”Vkpkjkpk ,dnqlÚ;ka’kh vlysyk lEcU/k brdk ?kfu”B vkgs dh

,dk f’kok; nqlÚ;kyk feGfo.;kpk fopkj dj.ks lq)k fujFkZd vkgs- th O;Drh lH;

vkgs] rh uDdhp lTtu o lq’khy vl.kkj vkf.k th f’k”Vkpkjkps ikyu djrs] rhyk

loZ yksda lH;p Eg.k.kkj- v’kk O;Drh usgeh] dq.kkP;k eukyk d”V iksgkspw u;s fdaok

R;kapk vieku >kY;kph Hkkouk R;kr ;sÅ u;s] ;klkBh iz;Ru’khy vlrkr- R;k

vkiY;k fopkjkauk uezi.ks nqlÚ;kleksj ekaMrkr vkf.k nqlÚ;kaP;k Eg.k.;kyk lq/nk

vknjiwoZd ,sdrkr- R;k vkReç’kalsiklwu nwj jkgrkr- Lor%P;k rksaMkus Lor%ph iz’kalk

dj.ks gs {kqnz O;fDrps y{k.k vkgs] ;kyk R;k pakxY;k izdkjs letrkr- lH; o lq’khy

O;fDrus rj vkiyk O;ogkj o laHkk”k.k vls Bsok;yk gos dh R;kaP;k laidkZr

;s.kkÚ;kauh Lor%p R;akph iz’kalk djkoh- Lor%ph iz’kalk ,sd.;kph rhoz bPNk gh

O;fDreRo fufeZrhe/;s ?kkrd Bjr vlrs- f’k”Vkpkjke/;s v’kh ‘kDrh vkgs dh dq.kkyk

dkghgh u nsrk fdaok dq.kkadMwu dkghgh u ?ksrk lq/nk euq”; vkiY;k o ijD;k] v’kk

nks?kkaP;kgh J)spk o vknjkyk ik= cur vlrks- ijarq T;akP;kr f’k”Vkpkjkpk vHkko

vkgs vkf.k T;k dq.kklkscrgh vf’k”Vrspk O;ogkj djhr vlrkr] R;k yksdkaP;k

?kjkrhy lnL; lq)k R;kaP;k vuqdwy ulrkr-

cjsp’ks yksda f’k{k.k o pkaxY;k QW’kuscy diMîkkapk okij dj.;kykp lH;rk

o f’k”Vkpkjkps eq[; vax letr vlrkr- ijarq R;kaph gh /kkj.kk iw.kZr% pqdhph vkgs-

egkxMs o lqanj os”kHkw”kk dj.kkÚ;k O;Drh lq)k vf’k”V vlw ‘kdrkr vkf.k xkokrhy

,d ukaxj pkyfo.kkjk fuj{kj ‘ksrdjh lq)k f’k”V EgVY;k tkÅ ‘kdrks- ;k n`f”Vus tsOgk

vkEgh vkiY;k lHkksorky vk/kqfud f’k{k.k ?ksrysY;k uo;qodkadMs c?krks] rsOgk

nq%[kiwoZd gs Lohdkjkos ykxrs dh vkt vkeP;k ns’kkrwu f’k”VkpkjkP;k izkphu Hkkouspk

Úgklp gksr pkyysyk vkgs- vktps vf/kdka’k f’kf{kr ;qod gs f’k”Vkpkjkyk ‘kwU; rj

mPN`a[kyrsyk tkLr egRo nsr vkgsr- ‘kkGk&dkWyst e/;s f’kd.kkjs vf/kdka’k fo|kFkhZ

jLR;kr fdaok ‘kkGsr lq)k vkilkrhy laHkk”k.kke/;s foukdkj.k f’kO;kapk iz;ksx djhr

  87  

vlrkr- rs v’yhy Hkk”kspk iz;ksx djrkr vkf.k ijLijkae/;s ekj/kkM djrkuk fnlwu

;srkr- ;k lokZaP;k mB.;k&cl.;kP;k i)rhyk lq)k lH; EgVY;k tkÅ ‘kdr ukgh-

vkeP;k vkpj.kkr o jkg.khekukr lq)k v’kk vusd ygkueksBîkk okbZV

lo;hapk lekos’k vlrks- T;k vkeP;k jkstP;k O;ogkjkeqGs vkEgkyk okbZV okVr

ukghr- ijarq ,[kk|k ckgsjhy O;fDryk R;krhy vlH;rk yodjp y{kkr ;srs-

mnkgj.kkFkZ dq.kkiklwu ,[kknh oLrw m/kkj vk.kwu R;kyk ijr dj.;kdMs y{k ul.ks]

dq.kkdMwu ekxwu vk.kysY;k oLrwauk cstckcnkji.ks Bso.ks fdaok R;kauk [kjkc d:u ijr

dj.ks] cktkjkrwu oLrw m/kkj ?ksÅu R;kps ewY; pqdfo.;kr fnjaxkbZ dj.ks] ,[kk|k

O;fDryk opu nsÅu R;kyk ?kjh cksyfo.ks vkf.k Lor% R;kosGh xSjgtj jkg.ks- i=kaps

;ksX; osGsoj mRrj u ns.ks] dk;kZy;kr usgeh m’khjk iksgksp.ks] v’kk izdkjP;k ‘ksdMks

lo;h v’kk vkgsr dh T;keqGs euq”;kP;k izfr”Bsoj Qjd iMr vlrks vkf.k rks

nqlÚ;kaP;k n`f”Ve/;s gyD;k Lrjkpk fl) gksrks-

;k txkr fofHkUu izdkjph jk”Vªh;rk] /keZ] laiznk;] gokeku o okrkoj.k fnlwu

;srs- ;kpçek.ks gs tx jktfurhd] HkkSxksfyd] vkfFkZd o lkekftd n`f”Vus lq/nk gtkjks

çdkjkr foHkkxysys vkgs- ;k loZ xks”Vhauk c?krk loZ euq”;kdMwu ,dlkj[;k fu;ekaps

ikyu dj.;kph vk’kk dj.ks ;ksX; o cqf)laxr okVr ukgh- fganw] eqlyeku o f[kz’pu

;kaP;k tkrh; f’k”Vkpkjke/;s vusd xks”Vh ,d&nqlÚ;kaiklwu Qkj osxG;k vkgsr] rjh

lq)k vktP;k dkGkr >kysY;k oSKkfud ‘kks/kkaeqGs txHkjkrhy yksdkaps ijLijkaP;k

laidkZr ;s.ks] rlsp ,d nqlÚ;ka’kh O;ogkj o nsok.k&?ksok.k brdk tkLr ok<ysyk

vkgs dh R;keqGs vkrk f’k”Vkpkjkps dkgh lkekU; fu;e lq)k cuwu xsys vkgsr- ;kaps

Kku izR;sd euq”;kyk vlk;ykp gos- nqlÚ;k ns’kkae/;s ftFks lH;rk o f’k”VkpkjkP;k

cká fu;ekaoj o dk;kZojp tkLr cG ns.;kr vkys vkgs] frFks Hkkjrh; laLÑrh

vkEgkyk lkaxrs dh vkEgh vkeP;k vksG[khP;k O;fDarfo”k;h f’k”VkpkjkP;k cká

fu;ekaps ikyu djhr R;kaP;k fo”k;h vkiY;k vUr%dj.kkr ln~Hkkouk o lgkuqHkwrh lq)k

Bsokoh- ;k vkarfjd HkkouseqGsp vkeP;k O;ogkjkr yksdkauk vkdf”kZr dj.kkjh

okLrfodrk mRié gksr vlrs-

f’k”Vkpkj o lgkuqHkwrhpk ijLij Qkj ?kfu”V laca/k vkgs- T;kaph fopkj/kkjk o

ekufldrk :{k] fujl o dBksj >kysyh vkgs] v’kk O;Drh dq.kkalkscr çseiwoZd HksVw

‘kdr ukgh vkf.k gkfnZd f’k”Vkpkjkpk O;ogkj lq/nk d: ‘kdr ukgh- ;keqGs nqljs

yksda lq)k R;akph mis{kk d: ykxrkr vkf.k rs ;k txkr ,dVsp jkgr vkiY;k

  88  

thoukyk O;FkZ xekfor vlrkr- lgkuqHkwrh gk ,d vlk xq.k vkgs dh T;keqGs ,d

lkekU; Js.khph O;Drh lq)k nqlÚ;k vusd yksdkaP;k vkoMhph o ?kfu”B cuwu tkrs

vkf.k lk/kkj.k lk/kukauh laié vlwu lq)k vkuafnr thou O;rhr djrs-

f’k”VkpkjkP;k ;k fu;ekae/;s lokZr vk/kh gsp lkax.;kr vkys vkgs dh

vkeP;kdMs th dq.kh O;Drh ;sr vlsy] R;kpk vknj vkEgh QDr ojo:up uOgs rj

eu%iwoZd] n`”Vh] psgjk o ok.kh v’kk loZizdkjs djkos- dks.kR;kgh vfrFkhps Lokxr o

lsok dj.ks gs vkeps ekuoh; drZO; vkgs] ;kyk vkEgh xkaB cka/kwu ?;kos- tj vkEgh

;k fu;ekaps ikyu djhr ulsy rj ekuorsiklwu irhr >kysY;k ,[kk|k i’kwizek.ksp

vkEgh letY;k tkÅ- Hkkjrh; f’k”Vkpkjkpk eqG vk/kkj gkp vkgs vkf.k ;kp vk/kkjs

;sFks vfrFkh&lRdkjkyk x`gLFkkpk lokZr eksBk /keZ lkafxrY;k xsys vkgs- vfrFkh lRdkj

gk ;k ns’kkpk fØ;kRed f’k”Vkpkj gksrk o ;k}kjs vkEgh d”V lgu dj.;klkBh vkf.k

R;kx o ifjJe dj.;klkBh [kjks[kjp r;kj vkgksr] gsp izdV gksr vls- v’kk

izdkjP;k Lokxr&f’k”Vkpkjkpk izHkko ikgq.;kaoj nh?kZdkGki;Zar jgkr vls- ijarq izkphu

dkGkrhy R;k O;ogkjke/;s o vktP;k ifjfLFkrhe/;s Qkj varj ;sÅu iMys vkgs-

txHkjkrhy yksdkaps ,dnqlÚ;kaP;k ns’kkr tk.ks&;s.ks] ijLij nsok.k?ksok.k o

O;ogkj vkt Qkj tkLr ok<wu xsY;keqGs ;k dkGkr f’k”Vkpkjkph O;k[;k dj.ks Qkj

dBh.k >kys vkgs- ;kyk dkj.k gsp dh ts dk;Z ,dk ns’kkr f’k”Vkpkj ekuY;k tkrs]

rsp nqlÚ;k ns’kke/;s R;kP;k fo:) letY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- ,dk fo’ks”k LFkkukojhy

fdaok ns’kkrhy f’k”VkpkjkP;k xks”Vhauk lksMys rjh ekxhy ‘kaHkj&nhM’ks o”kkZr txkrhy

fofo/k lH;rsP;k ijLij feyukeqGs dkgh vls fu;e cufo.;kr vkys vkgsr] T;kauk

varjkZ”Vªh; f’k”Vkpkj EgVY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs-

Hkkjrh; laLÑrhyk vuqdwy vl.kkÚ;k f’k”VkpkjkP;k fu;ekaph tsOgk vkEgh xks”V

djrks] rsOgk R;k varjkZ”Vªh; f’k”Vkpkjkrhy dkgh fu;ekaps oxhZdj.k v’kk izdkjs dsY;k

tkÅ ‘kdrs-

/ k k fe Zd] u S frd o pkfj f=d f’k ”V kpkj

1½ izR;sd /kekZpk vknj dj.ks vkeps drOZ; vkgs- dq.kkP;k /kfkeZd pkyhjhrhe/;s

gLr{ksi dj.ks ;kyk ekuorsps y{k.k Eg.krk ;s.kkj ukgh-

2½ Hkxoarkph mikluk] ti] ikjk;.k bR;knh djrs osGh R;k O;Drh’kh cksy.ks fdaok

R;kyk Vksd.ks ;ksX; uOgs-

  89  

3½ cjsp yksd tksjtksjkr Hkxoarkps uko tls lhrkjke]jk/ks’;ke fdaok f’ko&f’ko

vls ?ksr vlrkr- R;kaps gs uko ?ks.ks] toGikl vksjM.;klkj[ksp vlrs- fo’ks”k

d:u jk=hyk tsOgk nqljs yksda >ksiysyh vlrkr rsOgk rj v’kk vksjM.;kyk

d/khp ;ksX; Eg.krk ;s.kkj ukgh-

4½ ‘kjhjkus dke dj.;kr leFkZ vlwu lq)k nqlÚ;kadMwu Lor% ifjJe u ?ksrk

ekxwu [kk.ks Qkj okbZV vkgs-

5½ ,[kk|k fHkdkÚ;kyk fHk{kk ns.ks ;ksX; okVr ulsy rj R;kyk ljG&ljG udkj

|kok-

6½ /kkfeZd LFkGka toG ‘kakrrk o lnkpkjkps okrkoj.k fVdowu Bsokos-

7½ lw;ksZn;kvk/kh >ksiwu mB.ks gk Hkkjrh; laLÑrhpk Lo.khZe fu;e vkgs- ;keqGs

vkjksX; izkIrhf’kok; euq”;kP;k ekufld o vk/;kfRed o`Rrhlq)k Js”B curkr-

8½ Hkkjrh; lH;rsuqlkj ,[kk|k /kkfeZd o ifo=LFkGkoj tksMs&piyk ?kkywu tkÅ

u;s- tjh rs /kkfeZd LFkG dks.kR;kgh /keZ&laiznk;kps dk vlks\

9½ eanhjkr izos’k djrkuk tksMs] piyk] dkBh] N=h] bR;knh oLrq ckgsjp dk<wu

BsokO;kr-

10½ v’kh LFkGa T;kaP;k lHkksorky fHkar fdaok ,[kk|k nqlÚ;k izdkjpk LFkk;h vFkok

vLFkk;h vMFkGk r;kj dj.;kr vkyk vkgs] frFks R;k tkxsP;k ekydkP;k

fdaok izca/kdkP;k vkKsf’kok; ?kql.ks v;ksX; vkgs-

11½ jsYos LVs’ku] cl LVkWi] iksLV vkWQhl fdaok ,[kk|k [ksG fdaok lkaLÑfrd

dk;ZØeklkBh fodY;k tk.kkÚ;k frdhV f[kMdhoj xqíkxqíh dj.ks okbZV vkgs-

;kdfjrk ‘kkafriwoZd ykbZu cuowu mHks jkgkos o vkiyk Øe vkY;kojp frdhV

f[kMdhoj iksgkspkos-

12½ lkoZtfud LFkGa vkf.k oS;fDrd fuoklx`gkae/;s ;s.kkÚ;k&tk.kkÚ;ka fo”k;h T;k

dkgh lqpuk fyfgysY;k vlrhy] R;kps O;ofLFkri.ks ikyu djkos-

13½ lHkk] lkoZtfud mRlo] t=k] [ksGdwn Li/kkZ o lkaLÑfrd dk;ZØekP;k fBdk.kh

O;oLFkslkBh cufo.;kr vkysY;k fu;ekauk eqn~nke rksM.ks vkf.k vfr mRlkg

nk[kfo.ks ;kyk iksjdVi.kkp Eg.krk ;sbZy-

  90  

14½ ftFks frdhVa ?ksÅu fQj.Ókkph fdaok vkuan ?ks.;kph O;oLFkk vkgs frFks frdhVk

f’kok; ?kql.;kpk iz;Ru d: u;s- vls vkpj.k dj.ks Eg.kts ,d izdkjph

pksjhp vkgs-

lkek ftd O;ogkj krhy f’k ”V kpkj

1½ fuR;usekus ldkGh mBkos vkf.k vkbZoMhy o xq:tukapk pj.kLi’kZ djkok-

Hkkajrh; laLÑrhrhy gk fo’ks”k fu;e vkgs-

2½ vkiY;k ?kjh ,[kknh O;Drh vkY;kl R;kyk izseiwoZd ueLdkj djkok- R;kaP;k

leksj gkr&ik; iljowu vlH; i)rhus clw u;s-

3½ vfrFkh o vknj.kh; O;Drhaleksj ?kjkrhy ,[kk|k O;fDryk fdaok ukSdjkauk

jkxkow u;s fdaok R;kauk f’kO;k nsÅ u;s-

4½ vkiY;kis{kk eksBîkk fdaok vknj.kh; O;Drhaleksj R;kaP;kis{kk mPpklukoj d/khp

clw u;s-

5½ tkEgbZ] Nhad fdaok [kksdyk vkY;kl rksaMkleksj :eky yko.ks lH;rsps fpUg

vkgs-

6½ jLR;kus tkrkauk ,[kknk vksG[khpk O;Drh HksVY;kl ‘kD;rks R;kauk Lor%gwu

ueLdkj djkok- Egkrkjs] :X.k] óh] o viax O;Drh bR;knha dfjrk jLrk vk/kh

eksdGk d:u |kok-

7½ dq.kkP;k ?kjh xsY;kl] ?kjekyd o nqlÚ;k yksdkaP;k lks;hauk y{kkr Bsowu

O;ogkj djkok-

8½ lkoZtfud mRlo fdaok lHkk&lEesyukrwu foukdkj.k vpkudi.ks mBwu tk.ks

vlH;rsps fpUg letY;k tkrs- dk;ZØekP;k e/kwup ijr ;k;ps vlY;kl frFks

tkÅp u;s fdaok v’kk fBdk.kh ekxP;k Hkkxkr tkÅu clkos] tsFkwu mBY;kus

dq.kkpsp y{k rqeP;kdMs vkdf”kZr gks.kkj ukgh- ;kpizek.ks dFkk] izopu]

lHkk&lEesyus bR;knh e/;s >ksi.ks fdaok MqyD;k ekj.ks lq)k v;ksX; vkgs-

9½ ‘kstkÚ;kafo”k;h usgeh izse o f’k”Vkpkjkpk O;ogkj djkok- R;kauk xjt iMY;kl]

loZ izdkjs R;akph enr dj.;klkBh usgeh r;kj jgkos- xjhc vlrhy rj

R;kaP;kleksj vkiY;k oSHkokps izn’kZu d:u R;kauk yfTtr dj.;kpk iz;Ru d:

u;s- ;kp izek.ks Jhear ‘kstkÚ;kaleksj vkiY;kojhy ladVkps jMxk.ks xkÅu

  91  

R;akph lgkuqHkwrh feGfo.;kph i)r lq)k ;ksX; ukgh-’kstkÚ;ka’kh ‘kD;rks

lekurspk O;ogkj djkok- R;kaph th dkgh enr djk;ph vlsy rh fu%LokFkZ

Hkkousus vkf.k Lor%ps drZO; letwu djkoh-

10½ ,[kk|k :X.kkyk HksV.;kl tk;ps >kY;kl R;kaP;kleksj d/khgh R;kaP;k

vktkjkyk eksBs d:u nk[kfo.;kpk iz;Ru d: u;s] rlsp uSjk’;kus HkjysY;k

xks”Vh lq)k R;kaP;kleksj d: u;s- vktkjh O;Drh toG usgeh izlé eqnzse/;s

tk;yk gos vkf.k R;kph fgaer ok<ok;yk goh-

11½ dq.kkyk jRL;ko:u tksjktksjkr vkokt ek:u cksyko.ks ;ksX; ukgh- jLR;kr

,[kk|k fBdk.kh Fkkacwu Qkj tksjkus laHkk”k.k dj.ks] fouksn&migkl dj.ks fdaok

[knk[knk gl.ks lq)k ;ksX; uOgs-

12½ jLR;kr ,[kk|k vuksG[kh óhP;k ekxs v’kk izdkjs pkyw u;s dh R;keqGs frP;k

eukr ladkspkph Hkkouk mRiUu gksbZy- dks.kR;kgh óh dMs okjaokj eku oGowu

c?kw u;s- ;kp izek.ks ?kjkr clysY;k fdaok ckyd.khe/;s mH;k vlysY;k

fó;kadMs c?k.ks fdaok R;kP;kdMs MksGs oVk:u ikg.ks vlH;rsps fpUg vkgs-

13½ /keZ’kkGk] ikdZ bR;knh lkoZtfud LFkGkaP;k LoPNrsdMs fo’ks”k y{k |k;yk gos-

vkiys dke iw.kZ >kY;kuarj R;kauk ?kk.ksjMs lksM.ks Eg.kts vlH;i.kk gks;-

H k k stu o vkj k s X; j{ k. k k fo” k;d f’k ”V kpkj

1½ Hkkstu dj.;kps LFkku LoPN o lq:fpiw.kZ vlkos-

2½ Hkkstu djrkauk] [kkrk&firkauk pi&pi vkokt dj.ks vf’k”Vrsps |ksrd vkgs-

3½ mtO;k gkrkusp tso.k djk;yk gos] cksVkauk oji;Zar vUukus Hkjowu ?ks.ks o

R;kauk pkV.ks lq)k lH;rsP;k fo:) vkgs-

4½ ik.;klkj[ks is; inkFkZ mHks jkgwu ih.ks ;ksX; ukgh- gs vkjksX;klkBh uqdlkunk;d

vkgs-

5½ Hkkstu djrkauk dks.kR;kgh v’kk oLrqps uko ?ksÅ u;s] T;keqGs ?k`.ksps Hkko eukr

mRié gksrhy-

6½ iw.kZ fuf’par gksÅu o ‘kkarrsus Hkkstu djkos-

7½ pkyr&fQjr tso.k dj.ks] vkjksX;kP;k n`f”V.ks uqdlkunk;d rj vkgsp] rs

lH;rsP;k fo:) lq)k vkgs-

  92  

8½ [kk.;k&fi.;kP;k inkFkkZauk vksykaMwu tk.ks lq)k okbZV vkgs-

l aH k k ” k. k o jkg.k hekukp s f’ k ”V kpkj

1½ ftFks nksu&pkj O;Drh clwu ijLij okrkZyki djhr vlrhy] frFks tkÅu cl.ks

v;ksX; vkgs-

2½ okrkZyki djrkauk tj ,[kknh vuqfpr xks”V rksaMkrwu fu?kkyh rj yxsp R;kfo”k;h

{kek ekxwu ?;k;yk goh-

3½ laHkk”k.k djrkuk QDr Lor%p cksyr jkgw u;s] nqlÚ;kauk lq)k cksy.;kph la/kh

|koh-

4½ dBksj mRrj nsÅu yxsp R;kyk >xMîkkps :i ns.ks Eg.kts ew[kZi.kkp vkgs-

dBksj mRrj ns.;k,soth fouez ‘kCnkae/;s] ^ek÷;k fopkjkuqlkj vki.k FkksMs pwdr

vkgkr fdaok vki.kkl ;ksX; ekfgrh feGkysyh ukgh* vls cksykos-

5½ rksaMkrwu okjaokj FkksM;k&FkksM;k xks”Vhaoj f’kO;k fdaok v’yhy ‘kCn dk<.ks

lH;rsfo:) vkgs-

6½ dq.kkyk ,[kkns opu fnys vlY;kl ‘kD;rks vkiY;k iw.kZ ‘kfDrus R;kyk

fuHkfo.;kpk iz;Ru djkok-

7½ dks.kR;kgh xks”Vhyk Qkj tkLr rk.kw u;s-

8½ vkt vusd óh&iq:”k vls vkgsr] ts QW’kups HkDr cuwu v’kksHkuh;

diMîkkapk iz;ksx djrkr- fo’ks”k d:u fó;kauh rj rax diMs ?kky.ks] Hkkjrh;

laLÑrhP;k n`f”Vus iw.kZr% gs;p EgVY;k tkbZy- v’kk efgyk lTtu iq#”kkaleksj

Lor%pk lUeku Lor%p deh djhr vlrkr-

9½ lkoZtfud lEesyus o O;fDrxr mRlokae/;s osGsP;k vuqdy iks’kk[k ?kky.ksp

;ksX; vkgs-

ln~O;ogkj o lnkpkj gs f’k”Vkpkjkpsp vax vkgsr- f’k”Vkpkjh O;Drh eu] opu

o dekZus dq.kkykp uqdlku iksgkspfor ukgh- R;k okbZV xks”Vh lq)k d/khp djhr ukghr

vkf.k dq.kkps okbZV Ogkos vlsgh R;kauk d/khp okVr ukgh- dq.kkps eu nq%[kh gksbZy vls

dk;Z R;k djhr ukghr- fou;’khy o xksM O;ogkj gsp R;kaP;k thoukps vax vlrs-

dks.kR;kgh izdkjpk vfHkeku R;k djhr ukghr- uezrk] fou;’khyrk bR;knh ln~xq.k gsp

f’k”Vkpkjkps vk/kkjLraHk vkgsr- brdsp uOgs rj f’k”Vkpkjkph laink ok<.;klkscrp R;k

  93  

O;fDrph uezrk] fujgadkfjrk o fou;’khyrk lq)k ok<r tkrs- T;kizek.ks QGkaP;k

Hkkjkus >kM [kkyh >qdrs] R;kp izek.ks v’kk O;fDratoG ,s’o;Z fdaok ykSdhd laink

ok<Y;kl R;kaph uezrk o fou;’khyrk lq)k ok<r tkrs-

f’k”Vkpkj gk ,d vlk ln~xq.k vkgs] T;kyk fujarj vH;kl o vkpj.kk}kjsp

izkIr djrk ;srs- ;kdfjrk ,[kk|k fo’ks”k ifjfLFkrhph fdaok ,[kk|k mPp dqGkrhy

vl.ks vko’;d ukgh- dks.kR;kgh fLFkrhr vl.kkjh O;Drh f’k”Vkpkjkpk vH;kl

iz;RuiwoZd vkiY;k thoukr d: ‘kdrs] ijarq ;kdfjrk laosnu’khy vUr%dj.k vl.ks

ek= vko’;d vkgs- v’kk O;fDarps y{k vkiY;k nSuafnu thou&O;ogkjkrhy v’kk

NksVîkk&NksVîkk xks”Vhaoj lq)k vlrs] T;keqGs nqlÚ;kauk nq%[k iksgksp.kkj ukgh-

f’k”Vkpkjke/;s nqlÚ;kaP;k HkkousdMs y{k Bso.ks Qkjp vko’;d vkgs-

vk ar fjd n qc Zyr s’ k h y<k |k

euq”;kps vkiys nqxqZ.k o nqHkkZouk R;kyk brdk tkLr =kl nsr vlrkr dh

frrdk ;k txkr dq.khp dq.kkyk nsr ukgh- nqxqZ.k #ih ‘k=q gk izR;sd osGh euq”;kP;k

ekxs ykxysyk vlrks- rks R;kyk d/khp ‘kkarrsus jkgw nsr ukgh-

vls Eg.krkr dh Lor%ph cq)h o nqlÚ;kaph laiRrh gh prqj ek.klkyk pkSiV

rj ew[kkZyk ‘kaHkjiV fnlr vlrs- izR;sd euq”; gk Lor%yk iw.k±r% funksZ”k o iw.kZ

cqf)eku letr vlrks] txkr loZ= iljysY;k ;k Hkzekyk egkek;sps eksgd tkGsp

Eg.kk;yk gos- v’kk O;fDrauk Lor%e/khy U;wurk rj fnlwup ;sr ukghr- ;k ,dkp

nqcZyrsus ekuo tkrhP;k izxrhe/;s brdk eksBk vMFkGk mRiUu dsyk vkgs] dh

txkrhy loZ vMp.khauh ,df=r ;sÅu lq)k frrdk mRié dsyk ulsy-

l`”Vhrhy loZ izk.;kae/;s lokZr tkLr cf)eku letY;k tk.kkjk euq”; tsOgk

gk fopkj djrks dh nks”k rj nqlÚ;karp vkgsr] Eg.kwu R;akphp fuank djk;yk goh o

R;kaukp lq/kkjk;yk gos] vkEgh Lor% rj iw.kZi.ks funksZ”k vkgksr] vkEgkyk lq/kj.;kph

xjtp dk; \ rsOgk gsp Eg.kkos ykxrs dh R;kaph gh rFkkdfFkr cqf)eRrk [kksVh vkgs-

v’kk ;k n`f”Vdks.kkeqGs Lor%P;k pqdhauk lq/kkj.ks rj nwjp] dq.kh R;kdMs FkksMk ladsr

tjh djhr vlyk rjh rs vkEgkyk viekukLin okVrs] nks”k nk[kfo.kkÚ;kyk Lor%pk

‘kqHkfpard letwu R;kps vkHkkj eku.;kis{kk tsOgk euq”; R;koj jkxkow ykxrks]

R;kaP;k’kh ‘k=wRo Bsorks vkf.k ;kr Lor%pk vieku letrks] rsOgk gsp Eg.kkos ykxrs

dh [kÚ;k izxrhP;k ekxkZoj ,d ikÅy mpy.ks lq)k rks vkti;Zar f’kdyk ukgh-

  94  

T;kizek.ks cká mUurhph dkGth ?ksrY;k tkrs R;kpizek.ks vkarfjd mUufrfo”k;h

lq)k ?ks.;kr vkyh rj euq”; nqIiV Qk;|kr jkgw ‘kdrks- ijarq vkarfjd mUurhdMs

nqyZ{k d:u tj R;k {ks=kyk vfodflrp jkgw ns.;kr vkys] vkf.k cká mUurhlkBh

lxGh /kkoiG dj.;kr vkyh rj ;k}kjs vkEgh lk/ku&laiÙkhus laié tjh >kyks rjh

R;kr vkEgkyk dkghgh ‘kkarrk ykHk.kkj ukgh- vkiY;ke/khy nks”k nqxqZ.kka fo”k;h vK

jkg.;klkj[kk cslko/ki.kk ;k txkr nwljk dks.krkp vlw ‘kdr ukgh- ;kph fdaer

thoukrhy vi;’kk}kjsp vkEgkyk pqdokoh ykxrs-

vkarfjd nqcZyrs’kh y<k ns.;kph lq:okr vkEgh NksVîkk&NksVîkk

nks”k&nqxqZ.kkaiklwu djk;yk goh- vkEgh vk/kh R;kaukp ‘kks/kkos vkf.k R;kauk ckgsjpk jLrk

nk[kokok- v’kk Øekus lrr iq<s tk.kkÚ;kyk ts NksVs&NksVs ;’k feGr tkrs] R;keqGs

R;kph fgaer ok<r tkrs- ;k lq/kkj.kseqGs R;kyk ts izR;{k ykHk feGrkauk fnlwu ;srkr]

R;kaP;kdMs c?krk dkgh eksBh ikÅys mpy.;kph fgaer lq)k rks djrks vkf.k R;kauk iw.kZ

dj.;klkBh vko’;d eukscG lq)k R;ktoG tek >kysys vlrsp-

xq.k] deZ o LoHkkoke/;s vko’;d lq/kkj.kk dsY;kf’kok; izxrh gks.ks ‘kD;

ukgh] Eg.kqu xq.k] deZ] LoHkkoke/;s ekuoh; n`f”Vus lq/kkj.kk djhr] O;fDreRokyk

lqfodflr dj.;kr vkEgh ykxk;yk gos- nqO;Zogkjkps okbZV QG Eg.kts nq%[k o

v’kkarrk vkgs] ex gk nqO;Zogkj Lor%’kh dsysyk vlks fdaok nqlÚ;ka’kh- pkaxyh xks”V

rj ghp vkgs dh vki.kkl nqlÚ;kadMwu ts dkgh gos vkgs] rlkp O;ogkj vki.k

nqlÚ;kalkscr lq)k djkok-

% & & & & %% & & & & %

  95  

euq”;ke/;s cq)h o fopkj ‘kDrh gh nqlÚ;k izk.;kais{kk Qkj tkLr vkgs] Eg.kwu

rks Lor%P;k dY;k.kkpk fopkj d: ‘kdrks- cqf)pk lnqi;ksx fdaok nq#i;ksx d:up

rks lq[k&’kkarrk fdaok Dys’k o dygkP;k ifjfLFkrhauk fuekZ.k djhr tkrks- Eg.kwu ;kpk

nks”k nqlÚ;k dq.kkaoj yko.ks] ;kyk euq”;kP;k tM cqf)psp y{k.k letk;yk gos-

euq”; Lor%P;k dekZps QG Lor%p Hkksxr vlrks] ;kdfjrk nqlÚ;k dq.kkyk nks”k nsrk

;s.kkj ukgh-

vkEgh Lor%P;k ‘kkjhfjd detksjhaoj fopkj djkok- vktP;k yksdthouk e/;s

cjsp’ks yksd iku] chMh] flxjsV] rackdw] fejph&elkys] feBkbZ] vkacV inkFkZ] vaMh]

ekal v’kk fdrhrjh vHk{; inkFkkZps lsou djhr vlrkr- ;keqGs yksdkaps vkjksX;

[kjkc gksr vlsy rj ;kr vk’p;Zp dk;\ vkf.k ;keqGs jkst uos&uos vktkj

tUekyk ;sr vlrhy rj ;kpk nks”kh R;k euq”;kf’kok; vk.k[kh dks.kkyk Bjfork

;sbZy\ ,dhdMs [kk| inkFkkZae/;s gksr vlysyk fo”kkjh rRokapk izos’k] rj nqljhdMs

euq”;kpk lrr ok<r tk.kkjk vla;e] ;k nks?kkauh feGwu R;kP;k vkjksX;kpk vlk dkgh

uk;ukV d:u Bsoyk vkgs dh] vkt euq”;kr QDr pky.;k&fQj.;k brdhp ‘kDrh

f’kYyd jkghysyh vkgs- gokekukrhy ifjorZukyk lgu dj.;kph ‘kDrh R;kr

jkghysyhp ukgh- ‘kjhjkfo”k;h dj.;kr ;s.kkjs vls gs vkRe?kkrklkj[ks Hk;adj —R;

euq”;kP;k ukokyk dyadhrp djhr vkgsr-

v’yhy lkfgR;] flusekrhy ?kk.ksjMs xk.ks] nwjn’kZu o ?kk.ksjMîkk fp=kaeqGs mRiUu

gks.kkÚ;k dkeoklus eqGs euq”;kps ‘kjhj rj u”V gksrsp] R;kf’kok; R;kps eu lq)k nw”khr

gksr vkgs- ;keqGs R;kps laiw.kZ thoup nq%[k] ‘kksd o vktkjkaP;k #ikr cnywu xsys

vkgs- FkkVkekVkps o oSHkoiw.kZ thou vkf.k Ük`axkjkP;k vkoMheqGs pkfjf=d iru lq)k

vkiY;k dekyhP;k Lrjki;aZr tkÅu iksgkspys vkgs- ;keqGs R;kps vkfFkZd larqyu lq)k

Mxexr vkgs- euq”;kyk dqBsp ‘kkarrk vFkok larq”Vh feGsuk’kh >kyh vkgs- fcpkjk

euq”; ,[kk|k fof{kIrkaizek.ks bdMs&frdMs HkVdr vkgs vkf.k R;kps uSfrd Lrj

fnolsa&fnol ifrrp gksr pkyys vkgs-

Hkz”VkpkjkeqGs vkt loZp nq%[kh vkgsr] rjh lq)k R;kpk fojks/k dj.;kph uSfrd

fgaer dq.kke/;sgh tkx`r gksr ukgh- loZ yksda LokFkZ lk/k.;krp ykxysys vkgsr-

nqlÚ;kauk dkghgh u nsrk] nqlÚ;kadMwup tkLrhr tkLr dk<.;kP;k uhrh eqGs lg;ksx o

lgkuqHkwrhph Hkkoukp t.kq dqBs jkghysyh ukgh- ladVkae/;s [kÚ;k var%dj.kkus lgkuqHkwrh

n’kZfo.kkjs lq)k dqBs fnlr ukghr- ekuorsps brds tkLr v/k%iru dnkfprp ,[kk|k

  96  

;qxk e/;s >kys vlsy- ;keqGs R;kp izek.kkr yksdkaps d”V o osnusus nq%[kh gks.ks lq)k

LokHkkfodp vkgs-

Lor%P;k lq[kkauk u”V dj.;kph tckcnkjh gh Lor% R;kphp vkgs- ;kdfjrk

vko’;d iz;Ru dj.;kP;k xks”Vhauk fol:u rks vlqjrs dMsp tkr vkgs vkf.k ;keqGsp

rks nq%[kh vkgs- ;krwu Lor%ph lqVdk d#u ?ks.;kpk mik; ,dp vkgs dh R;kus ;k

irukdMs us.kkÚ;k nq”izo`fÙkapk R;kx djkok vkf.k lnkpkjh thou tx.;kr lq[k o

larq”Vhpk vuqHko ?;kok- vkEgkyk ckgsjhy O;Drh] inkFkZ o dkj.k gs okbZV fnlwu

;srkr] ijarq vkepk Lor%pk n`f”Vdks.k rj nwf”kr ukgh uka] gk fopkjp vkeP;k eukr

;sr ukgh- vkRefujh{k.k gs ;k txkrhy lokZr dBh.k dk;Z vkgs- Lor%e/khy

nks”k&nqxqZ.kkauk ‘kks/kwu dk<.ks gs leqnzkP;k rGkrwu eksrh ‘kks/kwu dk<.kkÚ;k ikucqMîkkP;k

dkekis{kkgh tkLr nq”dj vkgs- Lor%P;k nks”k&nqxqZ.kkauk Lohdkj dj.ks] ,[kk|k lkglh

O;fDr’khp ‘kD; vkgs vkf.k ;kauk lq/kkj.;kpk iz;Ru rj yk[kkrwu ,[kknk ‘kwjohjp

djhr vlrks- ;k dkj.kkaeqGsp vkeP;krhy vf/kdka’k O;Drh ijnks”kn’khZ n`f”Vdks.kkykp

?ksÅu clrkr vkf.k izR;sd nqlÚ;k O;fDryk nks”kh] fuanuh;] ?k`f.kr o nqHkkZouk;qDr

letr vlrkr- ;kpk ifj.kke gkp fu?krks dh vkEgkyk loZ= nq”Vi.kk o ‘k=qRop

fnlwu iMrsa vkf.k vkEgh uSjk’; o O;Fksus usgeh =Lr jkgrks- Eg.kwu vkrk vkEgh gs c?kw

;k dh dks.kdks.krs nks”k&nqxqZ.k] nq”izo`Ùkh o nqHkkZouk vkeP;k mUurhe/;s d’kk izdkjs

vMFkGk mRiUu djhr vkgsr-

1- nqO;Zlus %& nqO;Zluh O;Drh gh lokZr tkLr nqxqZ.kh vlrs- nqO;Zlua gs

euq”;kP;k ‘kkjhfjd o ekufld v’kk nksUgh vkjksX;kps ‘k=w vkgsr- QDr nk#]

tqxkj o O;fHkpkj ;kaukp nqO;Zlus Eg.krk ;s.kkj ukgh] rj vkGl] cslko/ki.kk

gh lq)k nqO;Zluka e/;sp eksMrkr-

euq”; tj nk# ihr vlsy fdaok ,[kk|k nqlÚ;k izdkjpk u’kk djhr

vlsy] tqxkj [ksGr vlsy fdaok O;fHkpkjke/;s izo`Ùk >kyk vlsy rj rks

QDr iS’kkykp u”V djhr ukgh rj vusd izdkjP;k ‘kkjhfjd] ekufld o

ckSf)d O;k/khauk lq)k vkeaf=r djrks- Lor%P;k mUurh dfjrk ;kapk R;kx dj.ks

Qkj vko’;d vkgs-

2- vgadkj o yksHk %& euq”;kpk vgadkj gk R;kP;k çxfrP;k vkM ;s.kkjk lokZr

eksBk vMFkGk vkgs- vgadkjkeqGs Hksn&cq)h mRiUu gksrs] th euq”;kyk

euq”;kiklwup nwj djrs- ;keqGs R;kr iki&o`Ùkh izcG gksrkr vkf.k rks u

  97  

dj.;k;ksX; dk;Z d# ykxrks- vgadkjkeqGs cq)h Hkz”V gksrs vkf.k euq”;kyk

pqdhps dk;Z] gsp [kjs okVw ykxrkr-

vgadkj o yksHk gs nks?ksgh ,d nqlÚ;kaps vfHkUu fe= vkgsr- ftFks ,dkps

vfLrRo vlsy] frFks nqlÚ;kps vl.ks vfuok;Zp vkgs- vgadkjkP;k nks”kkus

euq”;kpk yksHk brdk tkLr ok<wu tkrks dh txkrhy izR;sd oLrqaoj vkiyk

,dkf/kdkj vlkok] vls R;kyk okVw ykxrs- R;kph vf/kdkjkph Hkwd ve;kZfnr

gksÅu clrs- txkrhy loZ lk/kukapk ykHk QDr R;kauh Lor%p mpykok] ;kr

dq.khgh Hkkxhnkj gksÅ u;s] vlsp R;kauk okVr vlrs- loZ ckcrhr detksj

vlysyk gk vgadkjh euq”;] tks lektkps dkghp fc?kMow ‘kdr ukgh] vkiY;k

eukr tGr&iksGr o {kksHk djhr jkgrks vkf.k Lor%P;k ân;kyk tkGwu

Lor%P;kp ‘kDrhyk u”V d:u ?ksrks-

Lor%ph mUurh o izxrh dj.;klkBh vko’;d vlysY;k iz;Rukae/;s

ifgyk o egRokpk iz;Ru Eg.kts vgadkjkpk R;kx dj.ks vkgs- ;keqGs mUurhpk

ekxZ rj iz’kLr gksrksp] f’kok; Lor%yk ‘kkarrk o lek/kku lq)k ykHkrs-

3- vfHkeku %& euq”; tsOgk Lor%yk lkekU; Lrjkpk u letrk vlkekU;]

dkghrjh fo’ks”k] nqlÚ;kais{kk eksBk o egRoiw.kZ letw ykxrks- rsOgkp R;krwu

vfHkekukpk vadwj QqVwu iMrks- gkp vadwj fnolas&fnol fodflr gksÅu ,d

fnol fo’kky :ikyk /kkj.k djrks- [kksVÓkk iz’kalsus] csjMi.kk] LosPNkpkj o

Lor%pk VsaHkk fejfor jkghY;kus lq)k euq”; oLrqfLFkrhyk u letrk

vfHkekukP;k ia[kkus mMw ykxrks-

Lor%P;k jax&#ikpk o ‘kDrha&lkeF;kZpk vfHkeku] euq”;kP;k irukps

dkj.k cur vlrkr vkf.k ;keqGs rks dkgh rjh osxGkp okVw ykxrks- R;kph

foosd cq)h] fopkj ‘kDrh] o nwjn`”Vh loZ dkgh u”V gksÅu clrs vkf.k nqljs

yksda vuk;klp R;kaps ‘k=w cuwu tkrkr- vkiY;k v’kk O;ogkjkeqGs fnolsafnol

R;kP;k fojks/kh yksdkaph o ‘k=waph la[;k ok<r tkrs vkf.k gsp R;kP;k irukps]

vi;’kkps o fouk’kkps dkj.k cuwu tkrs- R;kP;k loZ ‘kDrh yksdkapk fojks/k o

}s”k dj.;kr vkf.k dV&dkjLFkku jp.;kr u”V gksÅu tkrkr- ;keqGs fo/kk;d

Eg.k.;k;ksX; vls dks.krsgh dk;Z rks d: ‘kdr ukgh-

,[kk|k fo’ks”k fo”k;kpk vfHkeku >kY;kus euq”;kP;k izxfrpk o

fodklkpk ekxZ can gksÅu tkrks- egku oSKkfud U;wVu ;kauh xf.krkr dsysyk

  98  

vkiyk egRokpk ‘kks/k cÚ;kp dkGki;Zar izdkf’krp dsyk ukgh- cÚ;kp

fnolkuarj tsOgk R;kauh R;kyk ,dk orZeku i=ke/;s izdkf’kr dsys] rsOgk vusd

yksdkaph /kU;oknkph] iz’kalsph o vfHkoknukph i=a R;kauk ;sÅ ykxyh- ;koj

nq%[kh gksÅu R;kauh EgVys gksrs & ^^vkrk eyk [kwi izfl)h feGsy] ijarq rh

fo|k] T;kdfjrk eh vkiys thou ykowu Vkdys] frpk fodkl Fkkacwu tkbZy-**

4- vfu;af=r egÙokdka{kk %& vkeP;k thou y{;kyk Hkz”V dj.;kr fo—r

egRokdka{kspk Qkj eksBk gkr vkgs- ;k vkEgkyk thoukP;k lgt o LokHkkfod

ekxkZiklwu HkVdowu pqdhP;k ekxkZus ?ksÅu tkrkr- ;keqGs vkEgh ts djk;yk

gos] R;kdMs rj nwyZ{k d#u clrks vkf.k ts d# u;s] rs d: ykxrks-

ekuoh thouke/;s vkdka{kk vl.ks rj vko’;dp vkgs] dkj.k

;kf’kok; euq”;kps thou tM cuwu tkbZy o R;kP;k izxrhpk ekxZ [kqaVsy- vkt

txkps ts dkgh fodflr o izxfr’khy Lo#i fnlwu iMr vkgs] rs vusd

O;fDraP;k vkdka{kspkp ifj.kke vkgs- ;keqGsp vusd egku oSKkfud vk’p;Z

vkeP;kleksj vkys vkgsr-

mR—“Vrk] egkurk o vkn’kk±uk lkdkj dj.;klkBh jkcfo.;kr vkysyh]

Çger o deZBrsus ifjiw.kZ v’kh eksghe Eg.ktsp egRokdka{kk gks;- ;kP;k

xHkkZe/;s LoLFk o larqfyr euksHkweh] tkx`r] pSrU;e;h o foosd;qDr cq)h dke

djhr vlrs] vkf.k ghp ;k txkr vk’p;Ztud ;’kkps ekxZ eksdGs djrs-

fo—r egRokdka{kk gh [kkyP;k ekxkZus tk.kkjh vlrs- ;keqGs vkEgh vk;q”;Hkj

lgt] o lksI;k ekxkZyk Lohdk: ‘kdr ukgh vkf.k R;keqGs nq%[k o

vlek/kkup vkeP;k injh iMr vlrs-

vkeP;k egRokdka{kk fdrh okLrfod o mi;ksxh vkgsr] ;kfo”k;h vkEgh

foosdiw.kZ cqf)us fopkj djk;yk gok- vkEgh dqBs HkVdr rj pkyyks ukgh uka\

R;k egRokdka{kk vkEgkyk thoukP;k [kÚ;k ekxkZojp usr vkgsr dh iFkHkz”V

djhr vkgsr \ R;k vkdka{ksekxs ,[kkns izyksHku rj ukgh uka \ ,[kknh LokFkZ

cq)h rj ;kekxs dke djhr ukgh uka \ v’kk loZ n`f”Vus vkEgh fopkj djk;yk

gok- vkeP;k egRokdka{kk fu—“V LrjkP;k vlrhy rj R;kauk vkEgh lksMwu

|kos- QDr Js”BrsdMs ?ksÅu tk.kkÚ;k egRokdka{kkp Js;Ldj letY;k tkrkr-

5- vlR; %& txkrhy loZ /keZ&laçnk;kauh o lkekftd O;oLFksus vlR;kyk

okbZV ekuys vkgs- loZp egkiq#”kkauh ;kpk R;kx dj.;kpk mins’k dsyk vkgs-

  99  

,[kk|k okLrfod rF;kyk vFkkZr [kÚ;k xks”Vhyk yiowu R;k,soth ,[kk|k

nqlÚ;k diksydfYir xks”Vhyk lkax.ks o rls dj.ks Eg.ktsp vlR;kps vuqdj.k

dj.ks vkgs- yksda cgq/kk ,[kk|k naMkiklwu okp.;klkBh fdaok vkiY;k

nks”k&nqxqZ.kkauk yifo.;klkBh fdaok ,[kknk ykHk feGfo.;klkBh [kksVs cksyr

vlrkr- vuqfpri.ks nqlÚ;kauk nks”k ns.ks o R;kaph fuank dj.ks ;kyk lq)k vlR;

Hkk”k.kp letY;k tkrs- ;kpizek.ks ok;QG cMcM dj.ks] dMos cksy cksy.ks gs

lq)k vlR; Hkk”k.kkpsp izdkj vkgsr- dks.kR;kgh #ikus vlR; cksy.;kpk

vk/kkj gk osxosxG;k izdkjps izyksHku] jkx] }s”k] yksHk bR;knhp vlrkr vkf.k

;kpk euq”;kP;k thoukoj Qkj okbZV izHkko iMrks- vlR;kpk R;kx dj.;kps

f’k{k.k gs QDr ,[kk|k izFkk&ijaijsoj vk/kkfjr ukgh] rj R;k oSKkfud

fl)karkoj lq/nk vk/kkfjr vkgs] T;kr ekuoh thoukoj iM.kkÚ;k R;kaP;k okbZV

izHkkokph ppkZ dj.;kr vkyh vkgs-

6- LokFkhZi.kk %& fulxkZrhy izR;sd fØ;k gh ijLij nsok.k&?ksok.khP;k vk/kkjs

pkyr vlrs- izR;sd inkFkZ tsOgk dkgh lksMrks] rsOgkp R;kyk dkgh feGr

vlrs- R;kx d#u dkgh izkIr dj.;kpk fu;e] brdk lqfuf’pr vkgs dh R;kps

mYya?ku dj.;kps nq%lkgl dj.kkjh O;Drh Lor%P;k izxrh o fLFkrhlkBh

ladVp mRiUu djsy- iz—rhP;k ;k lqfuf’pr O;oLFksyk vkEgh letk;yk gos

vkf.k ;klkscrp vkeph uhrheÙkk] fopkji)rh] vkLFkk o dekZyk lq)k R;kp

vk/kkjs fufeZr dj.;kpk iz;Ru lq)k djk;yk gok- ladh.kZ cq)h o LokFkkZdfjrk

euq”;kP;k thoui)rhe/;s dlysp LFkku vlw ‘kdr ukgh- thoukr ;kyk

ftrD;k izek.kkr LFkku fnY;k tkbZy] R;kdfjrk vourh o ladVkph frrdhp

tkLr ‘kD;rk fVdwu jkghy-

nq%[kkps ,d eksBs dkj.k Eg.kts vkepk vrh LokFkZ gks;- gs tx

lok±lkBhp cuysys vkgs- vkivkiY;k vko’;drsuqlkj ;krhy lk/kukapk mi;ksx

dj.;kpk vf/kdkj lok±ukp vkgs- LokFkhZ O;Drhyk lq#okrhyk izR;sd oLrq gh

QDr Lor%lkBhp goh vlrs- ;kuarj rks ;ksX;&v;ksX; v’kk dks.kR;kgh

mik;kus tkLrhr&tkLr lk/kukauk tek djhr tkrks- brds d:u lq)k tsOgk rks

nqlÚ;k O;fDrauk ;k lkalkfjd lk/kukapk mi;ksx djrkauk c?krks] rsOgk R;kyk

;kps okbZV okVrs o rks R;kaP;k’kh bZ”;kZ d: ykxrks- LokFkhZ O;ÇDryk ;k

txkrhy izR;sd ijdh oLrq gh vkiyhp okVr vlrs- tsOgk rks nqlÚ;kauk ;kpk

  100  

mi;ksx djrkauk c?krks rsOgk rh mi;ksx dj.kkjh O;Drh t.kw dkgh R;kP;k

Lor%P;kp oLrqyk R;kdMwu fgldkowu ?ksr vkgs] vlk vuqHko R;kyk gksr

vlrks- vkEgkyk xjt iMY;kl ,dnkpk ‘k=q lq)k enr djsy ijarq LokFkhZ

O;Drh gh d/khgh dj.kkj ukgh- ;kyk dkj.k gsp dh rh lokZr eksBh vlg;ksxh

o vfr ladqfpr o`Ùkhph vlrs- Lor%P;k mUurhe/;s vMFkGk Bj.kkÚ;k LokFkZ

:ih Hk;adj fo”k/kjk iklwu izR;sd cqf)eku O;Drhus Lor%ps j{k.k djk;yk gos-

7- bZ”;kZ %& bZ”;kZyq O;fDrph lokZr eksBh vksG[k ghp vkgs dh rh

dq.kkykgh lq[k&’kkarrsus jkgrkauk c?kw ‘kdr ukgh- nqlÚ;kaP;k mUurhyk rh

d/khgh lgu d# ‘kdr ukgh- mUufr’khy O;ÇDroj rh foukdkj.k Vhdk djrs-

R;kaP;koj [kksVs vkjksi ykors vkf.k R;kaP;k dk;kZaps voewY;u djrkauk fnlwu

;srs- bZ”;Zspk tUe vkeP;ke/khy R;k detksjh eqGsp gksr vlrks] T;k vkeP;k

izxrhe/;s vMFkGk mRiUu djhr vlrkr- euq”; tsOgk Lor%P;k nqcZyrseqGs

vi;’kkyk cGh iMrks] rsOgk R;kr ijkt;kph Hkkouk n`< gksÅu clrs] ijarq rks

Lor%P;k vgadkjkeqGs R;kps dkj.k Lor%e/khy detksjhauk u lkaxrk ;kpk nks”k

nqlÚ;kaoj ykorks-

detksj o gyD;k ekufldrsP;k O;fDaruk bZ”;kZ gh Qkj yodj vkiyk

f’kdkj cuohr vlrs- v’kk yksdkae/;s ‘kDrh&lkeF;kZph o iq#”kkFkkZph deh

vlY;keqGs rs vkiY;k thoukr lek/kkudkjd vls dks.krsgh dke d: ‘kdr

ukgh o ;keqGs Lor%e/;s lrr ,dk fjDrrsyk rs vuqHkor vlrkr- gh

vlarqf”Vp bZ”;sZyk tUe ns.kkjh vlrs- euq”;kus tj ,[kkns lek/kkudkjd dk;Z

dsys fdaok Lor%P;k fLFkrhiklwu rks larq”V jkghyk rj uDdhp rks bZ”;sZP;k

vfXuiklwu Lor%yk okpow ‘kdrks-

dq.kkafo”k;h bZ”;kZ fdaok ln~Hkkouk Bso.ks] gs fuf’prp euq”;kP;k vkiY;k

gkrkr vkgs- dq.kkP;k ;’kkus fdaok mUurhus izlUu >kY;kus vkiY;k f[k’kkrwu

rj dkghp tkr ukgh uka ! ex dka Eg.kwu R;kaP;k’kh bZ”;kZ djkoh\ ;keqGs rj

myV nqlÚ;kP;k iszekps o J)sps ik= cuwu vkEgkyk ykHkp&ykHk feGr

vlrks-

8- v’yhyrk o dkeqdrk %& dq.kk’kh izR;{ki.ks ‘kkjhfjd laca/k LFkkfir dj.ks

Eg.ktsp v’yhyrk o dkeqdrk uOgs rj eukus v’kk fo”k;kps /;ku dj.kkjs

O;Drh R;kis{kk tkLr nwf”kr gksr vlrkr- dkeqdrkiw.kZ fopkjkaps lrr fparu

  101  

dsY;kus euq”;kps ekufld o vkfRed cG u”V gksr tkrs- ‘kkjhfjd n`f”Vus rks

cyoku o vkd”kZd tjh fnlwu ;sr vlyk rjh uSfrdrk] lkgl] /kS;Z bR;knh

xq.kkapk R;kr iw.kZr% vHkko vlrks- czEgp;Z o la;ekeqGs euq”;ke/;s fo|qr

fdaok pqacdklkj[kh th vkd”kZ.k ‘kDrh mRiUu gksr vlrs] rh v’kk izdkjP;k

fu—“V fopkjkus o vkpj.kkus u”V gksÅ ykxrs- v’kk O;Drh vkiY;k opukoj

n`< jkgw ‘kdr ukgh] rlsp ,[kk|k dBh.k ifjfLFkrhpk /kS;kZus lkeuk lq)k R;k

d: ‘kdr ukgh- Çprk] vk’kadk] uSjk’; o vfo’okl ;klkj[;k nqHkkZouk

R;kaP;k eukr lrr mRiUu gksr vlrkr- euq”;kP;k lok±xh.k mUurhe/;s ;s.kkjk

lokZr eksBk vMFkGk o ‘k=w Eg.kts gkp fodkj gks;- ;kiklwu Lor%ps j{k.k

dj.;kps ‘kD;rks loZ iz;Ru izR;sdkus djk;yk gos vkf.k v’kk izdkjs Lor%P;k

‘kÇDrpk nq#i;ksx gks.;kiklwu R;kauh Lor%yk okpokos-

9- eukph O;kdqGrk %& ijesÜojkdMwu euq”;kyk T;k dkgh laink feGkY;k

vkgsr] R;kr efLr”d gh lokZr ekSY;oku o egRokph laink vkgs- ;kpk

O;ofLFkri.ks mi;ksx dsY;kl gh ,d Qkj eksBh l`tukRed ‘kDrh fl) gksrs

Eg.kwu vkEgh ;k ’kDrhps vkarfjd }U}kiklwu rlsp lansg] fHkrh] okbZV fopkj]

okbZV Hkkouk] vkos’k] o euksfodkj bR;knha iklwu j{k.k djk;yk gos- ‘kkjhfjd

‘kDrh o lk/kukaP;k lks;h vlwu lq)k tj euq”;kps efLr”d fo—r vlsy rj

rks ;k txkrhy dks.krsgh dke dj.;k;ksX; jkgr ukgh- R;kph okLrfod ‘kDrh

Eg.kts R;kps ‘kjhj uOgs rj R;kpa eup vkgs-

vkos’k o m}sxk iklwu efLr”dkyk okpfo.;klkBh eukyk lqlaL—r

cufo.;kph vR;ar vko’;drk vlrs- vlaL—r] fuj{kj o ew[kZ eu gsp

NksVÓkk&NksVÓkk xks”Vhaoj O;kdqG gksrs- eukyk fofo/k vkosxkaiklwu okpfo.;klkBh

R;kyk foosd’khy] /kS;Zoku o lfg”.kw cufo.ks Qkjp vko’;d vkgs- ;k

ekxkZoj lrr iq<s tk.;kpk ekxZ ,dp vkgs vkf.k rks Eg.kts vkEgh lok±uk

/kS;kZus lgu djkos vkf.k Lor%yk okbZVkaiklwu okpowu Lor%pk ekxZ Lor%p

r;kj djkok-

10- ?kkbZxnhZ o mrkohGi.kk %& dks.kR;kgh xks”VhlkBh Qkj tkLr vkrwj o v/khj

gks.ks Qkj okbZV vkgs- gk nqxqZ.k euq”;kyk Qkj nq%[kh djhr vlrks- vkEgkyk

cgq/kk izR;sd xks”Vhph ?kkbZ vlrs- T;k dkekae/;s ftrdk osG o Je yko.ks

vko’;d vkgs] frrdk yko.;kph vkeph bPNk ulrs- vkiY;k vHkh”V bPNsps

  102  

;’k vkEgkyk yodjkr yodj feGkos ;kdfjrk vkEgh vusdnk vuhrhP;k

ekxkZyk lq)k Lohdkjhr vlrks-

/kS;Z Bsowu lnkpj.kkP;k ekxkZoj pkyr jkg.ks vkf.k T;k dkgh U;wurk

Lor%e/;s vkgsr] R;kauk ,d&,d d#u nwj dj.ks ghp thou tx.;kph ;ksX;

i)r vkgs- v/khj iz—rhps yksda ;k lqfuf’pr i)rhyk lksMwu Qkj yodj

vkf.k Qkj tkLr feGfo.;kP;k iz;Rukr ts dkgh Lor%toG vkgs] R;kyk lq)k

xekowu clrkr-

mrkohGi.kk gk ekuoh LoHkkokpk ,d nks”k vkgs] Eg.kwup mrkohG

O;Drhyk ckoGV EgVY;k tkrs- dks.krsgh dke dj.;kph ,d fuf’pr v’kh

i)r vlrs- ,d O;oLFkk vlrs- ijarq yksda cgq/kk izR;sd dkekr mrkohGi.kk

nk[kfor vlrkr- ;keqGs R;kauk fo#) ifj.kkep izkIr gksrkr vkf.k dke

yodj gks.;k,soth R;kr tkLr osG ykxrks- v’kk jhrhus >kysys dke lq)k

vO;ofLFkr] vLrkO;Lr o =qVhiw.kZ vlrs- ?kkbZxnhZ dj.kkjh O;Drh izR;sd

dkekr mrkohGi.kk nk[kfor vlrs- [kk.;kr] xIik ekj.;kr] dqBs tk.;kr

v’kk çR;sd NksVîkk&NksVîkk xks”Vhae/;s mrkohGi.kk nk[kfoY;kus dke iw.kZ

gks.;k,soth fc?kMr tkrs- Eg.kwup EgVY;k xsys vkgs dh dks.kR;kgh dkekyk

iw.kZ ,dkxz gksÅu fujarjrsus djhr jkgk- ;keqGs R;kr m’khjgh gks.kkj ukgh vkf.k

rs yodjgh gks.kkj ukgh- [kjs c?krk mrkohGi.kk Eg.kts dkekph ?kkbZ ulwu

detksj eukpk osMsi.kk vkgs- ;k ekufld detksjhiklwu vkEgh Lor%yk okpowu

izR;sd dkekyk ;ksX; i)rhus djk;yk gos-

vkEgkyk goh vlysyh mUurh o vHkh”V izek.kkr gos vlysys ;’k gs

yxsp u feGkY;keqGs eu fujk’k gksrs- yksda vusd dkekaph lq#okr rj djrkr]

ijarq R;kr ;’k yodj injh u iMY;keqGs R;kyk lksMwu clrkr] vkf.k iqUgk

uO;k dkekyk gkrkr ?ksrkr] v’kkizdkjs Lor%pk iSlk] osG o Jekyk rs u”V

djhr jkgrkr- v’kk yksdkae/;s mRlkg Qkj vlrks ijarq rs fujk’k lq)k

yodjp gksrkr vkf.k vkiys euksjFk iw.kZ dj.;klkBh lk/kq&larkaps vk’khokZn]

nsokaps ojnku] ea=&ra= bR;knh mik;kauk ‘kks/kr jkgrkr-

izR;sd dk;kZlkBh ,d Bjkfod osG o Bjkfod izek.kkr Je lq)k

ykxrs] ;k okLrorsyk vkEgh letk;yk gos- ;k txkr v’kk ,dkgh ekxkZps

vfLrRo ukgh tks vMh&vMp.khapk ulsy- ;k vMFkG;kauk nwj dj.;kpk iz;Ru

  103  

vkEgkyk djkok ykxrks vkf.k /kS;kZus R;kph nwj gks.;kph okV lq)k c?kkoh

ykxrs- ifjJeh o iq#”kkFkhZ O;fDryk vkt ukgh rj m|k] m|k ukgh rj ijok]

;’k gs uDdh feGrsp vkf.k letk feGkysgh ukgh rjh ;keqGs R;kph izfrHkk o

{kerk rj uDdhp fodflr gksr vlrs- iz;Ru o iq#”kkFkkZeqGs euq”;kP;k

O;fDreRoke/;s pdkdh ;srs vkf.k ;kp vk/kkjs izxrhps Åap y{; xkBw ‘kd.ks

R;klkBh ‘kD; gksrs-

izxrhP;k ekxkZrhy lokZr eksBk vMFkGk Eg.kts QGkph vkrqjrsus okV

c?k.ks gks;- Eg.kwu /kS;Z o fgaerhus vkiys drZO; djhr jkg.ks vkf.k ;ksX;

ekxkZoj pkyr jkg.ks] gsp vkeP;klkBh Js;Ldj vkgs-

11- ijnks”k n’kZu %& gs laiw.kZ tx xq.k&nks”kkauh Hkjysys vkgs- ;k txkrhy dks.krhgh

oLrw vFkok izk.kh iw.kZr% xq.k laiUu fdaok nks”k;qDr vlw ‘kdr ukgh- lok±e/;s

dkgh uk dkgh nks”k vkgsrp- ijesÜoj gkp ,deso vlk vkgs] tks iw.kZ vkf.k

nks”kjfgr vkgs- R;k ,dkf’kok; ckdh loZ xq.k&nks”ke; o viw.kZ vkgsr-

euq”;ke/;s lkekU;i.ks nqlÚ;kaps nks”k c?k.;kpkp Hkko vlrks-

nks"k c?k.kkÚ;kaps lokZr eksBs nqHkkZX; gsp vkgs dh rks dks.kR;kgh O;Drh

e/;s fdaok inkFkkZe/;s xq.kkauk c?krp ukgh- nqlÚ;kae/khy nks”kkauk lrr c?kr

jkg.kkÚ;k O;Drh LoHkkokus lq)k nks”k xzg.k dj.kkÚ;kp vlrkr- nqlÚ;kaps nks”k

lrr c?kr jkfgY;kus] nqlÚ;kae/khy rs nks”k lq)k c?k.kkÚ;kae/;s ;srkr] ts R;kr

vk/kh uOgrs- T;k fo”k;kaph iw.kZ vkoMhus ppkZ o fparu dsY;k tkrs] euq”;kpk

LoHkko lq)k rlkp cuwu tkrks vkf.k gkp LoHkko gGw&gGw laiw.kZ psrusoj

il#u tkrks- nks”k c?k.kkjh O;Drh nqlÚ;kaph fuank dj.;kf’kok; nqljs dkghgh

d# ‘kdr ukgh- fuank dj.;kph gh o`Ùkhp lektke/;s ?k`.ksyk o ‘k=qRokyk tUe

nsrs-

ijnks”k&n’kZu dj.kkjk fuand vkiY;k fe=kaP;k la[;syk deh d#u

‘k=waP;k la[;syk ok<for vlrks- nqlÚ;kaps nks”k ekstr o ‘kks/kr jkghY;kus vkf.k

R;kaph fuank dsY;kus R;kpk okbZV izHkko vkEgk Lor%ojp iMrks] Eg.kwu ;k

detksjhpk R;kx d#u vkEgh vkRenks”kkauk c?k.;kph fgaer Lor%e/;s mRiUu

djkoh- vkeph n`”Vh tsOgk c?k.;kr leFkZ vkgs] rsOgk rh xq.k lq)k c?ksy

vkf.k nks”k lq)k rqeP;k’kh nqlÚ;kauh dsysyk O;ogkj gk tj rqEgkyk pqdhpk

okVr vlsy rj ;kr laiw.kZ nks”k gk O;ogkj dj.kkÚ;kpkp vkgs] vls

  104  

eku.;kis{kk rqEgh Lor%e/khy nks”kkafo”k;h lq)k fopkj d#u c?kk- ;keqGs

nqlÚ;kaoj nks”kkjksi.k dj.;kps v/ksZ dkj.k rj vkiksvkip nwj gksÅu tkbZy-

Lor%ph iz’kalk gh lok±ukp vkoMr vlrs- ijarq tj dq.kh rqeph

FkÍk&eLdjh fdaok Vhdk&VhIi.kh dsyh rj R;kpk jkx vkEgkyk ;srks- dq.kh

vkepk foukdkj.k migkl djkok] etk ?;koh vls dq.kkykp okVr ukgh-

,[kk|kyk vfiz; xks”V EgVY;kus] R;kyk ;ksX; vknj u fnY;kus o R;klkscr

lekurspk O;ogkj u dsY;kus e/kqj laca/kkae/;s ¼HkkÅ&HkkÅ] oMhy&eqyxk]

irh&iRuh bR;knh½ lq)k fo—rh ;srs vkf.k ;keqGs ?kjkph izfr”Bk] le`)h o

mUurhpk ekxZ can gksÅu tkrks- vkiY;k vfiz; O;ogkjkeqGs tj vki.kkl

vi’kCn] dVq O;ogkj fdaok frjLdkj feGr vlsy rj ;kps xqUgsxkj lq)k

vki.kp vkgkr] vki.k Lor%p ;kph lq#okr d#u ;k fLFkfryk tUe fnyk

vkgs- Eg.kwu nqlÚ;kafo”k;h izfrdkjkph Hkkouk cufo.;kvk/kh Lor%ps nks”k lq)k

vki.k c?kkosr- vki.k nqlÚ;kaP;k xq.kkauk rj Lor%e/khy nks”kkauk c?kkos- vkeP;k

thoukr xq.kkauk fodflr dj.;kph ghp ;ksX; i)r vkgs- Eg.kwu vki.k ijxq.k

o vkRenks”k c?k.kkjs cukos] nqlÚ;kaps nks”k c?k.;kr] R;kaph fuank o

Vhdk&VhIi.kh dj.;kr vkiY;k ekSY;oku osGspk o ‘kfDrpk viO;; u djrk

R;kauk lRdekZe/;s ykokos vkf.k ;k txkr vknjiwoZd o ;’kLoh thou txwu

vkiY;k thouiFkkyk iz’kLr djkos-

12- vkReXykuh %& vkReXykuh gh euq”;kP;k eukrhy ,d v’kh xkaB vkgs

th dGr&udGr] pqdhus fdaok cslko/kiukeqGs dsY;k xsysY;k iki&—R;kaoj

Qkj tkLr i’pkrki dsY;kus mRiUu gksr vlrs- rls dks.krsgh iki —R; fdaok

nq”—R; dsY;kus euq”;kyk R;kpk i’pkÙkki gksr vlrksp vkf.k ,dk e;kZnsi;Zar

gs vko’;d lq)k vkgs- euq”; tsOgk Hkfo”;kr rls u dj.;kpk ladYi ?ksrks

vkf.k iki dekZiklwu okp.;klkBh Lor%P;k pqdkauk lq/kkj.;klkBh n`< iz;Ru

djrks] r’kk fLFkfrr i’pkÙkki dsY;kusp euq”;kpk ikikaiklwu m)kj gksr vlrks-

ijarq gkp i’pkÙkki tsOgk ,dk Bjkfod e;kZnsis{kk tkLr ok<wu tkrks] rsOgk rksp

vkReXykuhps :Ik /kkj.k djrks- vkReXykuhP;k fLFkfre/;s euq”; Lor%P;k

lq/kkj.ksdMs vxzslj gksr ukgh rj rks Lor%yk ikih o nqjkpkjh letwu clrks- ;k

U;wuxaMrseqGs R;kph dk;Z{kerk o fo/ks;kRedrk gh O;FkZ u”V gksÅ ykxrs- ghu

fopkjkae/;s lrr jkghY;kus vusd ‘kkjhfjd o ekufld vktkj R;ke/;s mRié

  105  

gksrkr- v’kk izdkjps yksda vk;q”;Hkj vkReXykuh e/;s Mqcysys vlrkr- ;keqGs

R;kaP;k thoukrhy fodklkP;k egRokP;k laHkkouk lq)k u”V gksÅu tkrkr-

R;kaP;k egÙokdka{kk] vk’kk] bPNk] o lq[kn mRlkg vosGhp dksestwu tkrkr]

v’kk gq’kkj] izfrHkkoku o fgaerh ;qodkaph la[;k ;k txkr dkgh deh ukgh ts

vkReXykuhyk cGh iMwu vkiY;k thoukyk u”V d#u ?ksr vlrkr- ,[kk|k

NksVîkk’kk pqdhyk Qkj tkLr egRo nsÅu rs vk;q”;Hkj ladksp o ‘kksd lkxjkr

Mqcwu ,[kk|k vijk/;kizek.ks ekufldfjR;k nq%[kh jkgrkr vkf.k vkiY;k vcks/k

voLFksr fdaok vKkukeqGs dj.;kr vkysY;k iki&—R;kaoj vk;q”;Hkj Ik’pkÙkki

djhr vlrkr] Eg.kwu vkiY;k gkrwu ts dkgh pqdhps deZ ?kMys vlsy] R;kyk

foljk o vkReXykuhyk ok<w nsÅ udk] vls u dsY;kl rh ,dk v’kk ekufld

detksjhP;k :ikus n`< gksbZy] th vkiY;kyk dkghp d# ns.kkj ukgh- vki.k

dsysY;k dks.kR;kgh okbZV dk;kZyk vuko’;d egÙo nsÅ udk- fp[kykr

iMY;kl R;krwu mBwu R;k ?kk.ksyk /kqowu dk<.ks gsp Js;Ldj vlrs- vkiY;k

eukrhy fHkrh o ladkspkyk nwj djk- tq.;k iki —R;kauk fol#u tk vkf.k

eukr vkRefo’okl o lkglkyk tkx`r djk- gs y{kkr vlw |k dh ;k

vkReXykuh eqGs euq”;kP;k ewyHkwr ‘kÇDrpk o {kerspk Qkj tkLr Úgkl gksr

vlrks Eg.kwu ;’kLoh thoukdjhrk vkReXykuh iklwu Lor%yk okpfo.ks Qkj

vko’;d vkgs-

13- Øks/k %& loZ nqxZq.kkapk jktk Eg.kts Øks/k gks;- Øks/kkP;k vkosxke/;s ts

dkgh ?kMrs] rs lkaxkos frrds dehp vkgs] dkj.k ;k fLFkfre/;s euq”;kph fopkj

dj.;kph ‘kDrh {kh.k gksÅu tkrs vkf.k rks v’kk fLFkfrr dks.krsgh okbZV dk;Z

d: ‘kdrks- ekjkekjh] [kw.k] vkRegR;k ;klkj[;k u`’kal ?kVuk Øks/kkP;k

vkosxke/;sp ?kMr vlrkr- Øks/k gs ,d izdkjps oknG vkgs- rs tsOgk ;srs

rsOgk foosdkykp u”V d#u Vkdrs- Øks/k gk brdk piG ekufld fodkj vkgs

dh ;kr fopkj dj.;klkBh o dq.kkyk letkfo.;klkBh Lor%toG FkksMk lq)k

osG f’kYyd ulrks- Øks/kkeqGs euq”;kps loZ iq.; dk;Z] ln~Hkkouk o ln~xq.k

R;kpizek.ks u”V ?ksÅu tkrkr tls iwj vkY;kus ,[kkns m|ku u”V gksr vlrs-

Øks/k gk laØked vkgs- gk ,dk O;Drh iklwu nwlÚ;kaIk;Zar iljr tkrks vkf.k

v’kk izdkjs laiw.kZ lektkr v’kkarrsP;k vfXuyk HkMdkowu lksMrks- Øks/k tj

dkgh dkj.kkeqGs yxsp izdV gksr ulsy fdaok cÚ;kp fnolki;Zar eukr fVdwu

  106  

jkgr vlsy rj rks ‘k=qRokps :Ik /kkj.k djrks- vkEgh lq)k thoukP;k ;k

Hk;adj ‘k=w iklwu okp.;klkBh n{k jkgk;yk gos-

14- izfr’kks/k %& dq.kkafo”k;h tsOgk ‘k=qRo mRiUu gksrs rsOgk R;kpk izfr’kks/k

?ks.;kph Hkkouk lq)k eukr ;srs- ;k txkdMs [kÚ;k n`”Vhus c?khrY;kl vls

fnlwu iMrs dh] bFks dq.khp dq.kkpk ‘k=w vFkok fe= ukgh- vkeP;k LokFkhZ

izo`Ùkh eqGsp gk fojks/kkHkkl vkEgkl fnlwu ;sr vlrks- ‘k=qpk lwM mxfo.;krp

yksda vkiyh izfr”Bk letr vlrkr- ;kyk rs lkglkus Hkjysys dk;Z lq)k

letrkr ijarq izfr’kks/k ?ks.ks Eg.kts lkgl uOgs- ;kyk lkgl rj rsOgkp Eg.krk

;sbZy tsOgk vki.k ;kyk lgu djhr vlrk- v’kk izdkjph lfg”.kq o`Ùkh gh

euq”;kP;k vareqZ[kh izo`fÙkaukp fodflr djrs] rh ek.klkyk fopkj’khy cufors]

R;kyk d”Vkaiklwu okpfors] vkf.k mUurhdMs vxzslj djrs- T;k O;fDrus mnkj

gksÅu ;k dVqrsyk izk’ku dj.ks f’kdys vkgs] R;kdfjrk rj ;k txkrwu ‘k=qRop

lekIr gksÅu tkrs- Eg.kwu vkiY;k fo#) vlysY;k xks”Vhauk eukr d/khgh

LFkku nsÅ udk- vkeP;k eukr ;k dsOgk foæksg mRiUu djrhy ;kfo”k;h dkghp

lkaxrk ;sr ukgh- nqlÚ;kaps nks”k c?kwu vkf.k R;kaP;k’kh ?k`.kk o }s”k d#u lq)k

eukr izfr’kks/kkph Hkkouk mRiUu gksÅ nsÅ udk- izR;sd O;fDre/khy pkaxY;k

xq.kkaukp ‘kks/kk] vkiY;k ;k xq.k&xzkgd o`Ùkh eqGsp vkiys ln~xq.k ok<rhy-

dq.kkph ?k`.kk dj.;k,soth R;kaP;k’kh izse djk- dq.kkps vfgr gks.;kpk o

dj.;kpk fopkjgh d# udk- ‘kD; gksr vlsy rj R;koj midkj djk- R;kaps

ghr lk/kk- dq.kh ,[kknk vijk/k tjh dsyk vlsy rjh R;kyk {kek djk- vls

dsY;kus vkiys uqdlku gksbZy] vlk fopkjgh eukr vk.kw udk- ln~xq.k o

ln~fopkjkaps QG gs vusd iV gksÅu ijr feGr vlrs- rs euq”;kP;k

var%dj.kkyk ‘kkar djrs] var%dj.kkrhy ;k ln~Hkkouk laiw.kZ okrkoj.kkr il:u

vkiY;k ân;kr ikfo«;kpk] ‘kkarh o eS=hpk foLrkj djrhy- v’kk izdkjps

eaxy dk;Z dj.kkÚ;kaph nqxZrh d/khp gksr ulrs- rs fpjdkGki;Zar ;k i`Fohojhy

lq[kkapk miHkksx ?ksr vlrkr-

15- vlek/kku %& gk Qkj ?kkrd nqxqZ.k vkgs- vlek/kku gs cgq/kk bZ”;kZ

fdaok fgalsP;k Hkkoususp tUekyk ;sr vlrs- ,[kknh O;Drh tsOgk Lor%is{kk

cyoku] /kuoku fdaok vknj.kh; O;fDrdMs c?kwu fryk Lor%is{kk tkLr lq[kh

o laiUu ekuw ykxrs] izxrh o mUurhe/;s Lor%is{kk Qkj iq<s letrs] lektkr

  107  

R;kapk eku&lUeku gk ekÖ;kis{kk tkLr vkgs] vls letrs] rsOgk R;kyk R;k

O;fDrfo”k;h bZ”;kZ gksÅ ykxrs- ghp bZ”;kZ vlarq”Vhyk ;srs vkf.k R;kuarj rj

,dkiklwu nqlÚ;k vkf.k nqlÚ;kiklwu frlÚ;k voxq.kkpk tUe gks.;kpk Øe lq#

gksÅu tkrks- gs loZ voxq.k ekSY;oku v’kk ekuoh thoukyk /kwGhr feGowu

Vkdrkr- vkEgh euq”; vlwu lq)k Lor%e/;s vlek/kkukps Qkj eksBs fo”k

dkyowu Bsoys vkgs] vkf.k gh vkEgk Lor%e/khyp ,d Qkj eksBh deh vkgs]

Eg.kwu vk/kh ;kyk nwj djk] rsOgkp vki.kkl vlek/kkukiklwu eqDrh feGsy-

vkiY;k thoukyk mUurhP;k ekxkZoj ykok-pqdqugh Lor%ps deh ewY;kadu d#

udk- Lor%yk nhu&ghu o HkkX;ghu letw udk- bZ”;kZ o }s”kkiklwu Lor%yk

okpok- Lor%oj vkf.k Lor%yk ykHkysY;k ifjfLFkrhaoj ckjhd y{k Bsok vkf.k

rsOgk vlek/kkups dks.krsgh dkj.k vkiY;ktoG f’kYyd jkghysys ukgh] ;kyk

vki.k uDdhp vuqHkow ‘kdrk-

16- vkGl %& ;k txkr ,[kknk Hk;adj vktkj tj dks.krk vlsy rj rks vkgs

& vkGl- gk loZ vktkjkapk jktk vkgs- R;kyk ej.kkis{kk tkLr Hk;adj

Eg.k.;kr dkghp vfr’k;ksäh Bj.kkj ukgh- vkGlkr iMwu jkghY;kus euq”;kph

fØ;k&’kDrh gh cksFkV gksÅ ykxrs- vkGlkP;k dqÚgkMh}kjs dYio`{kk lkj[;k

ekuoh ‘kjhjkph eqGa dkir jkg.ks] R;krhy ‘kDrh] {kerk o ;ksX;rsyk u”V

dj.ks] gs ,d izdkjps iki —R;p vkgs- ek.klkP;k eksBîkkr&eksBîkk bPNsyk gk

nqxqZ.k iw.kZr% u”V d# ‘kdrks] ‘kDrh&le`)h] xkSjo&Kku] eku&izfr”Bk]

;’k&fdrhZ ;klkj[;k loZ laink ‘kjhj#ih nsokyk izlUu dsY;kus vkEgkyk lgt

feGw ‘kdrkr- Lor%P;k mÙkjnkf;Rokaiklwu rksaM fQjowu vkGl] cslko/ki.kk

fdaok fufӯ;rs}kjs ;k i`Fohoj Hkkj cuwu jkg.;kpk vkf.k ;k vyH; thoukyk

dq#i] vO;ofLFkr] v’kkar o nq%[kh cufo.;kpk vf/kdkj oLrqr% dq.kkykgh

ukgh-

17- funZ;h o`Ùkh %& vkt ;k txkr gtkjks&yk[kks funksZ”k Ik’kq&i{;kapk lagkj fuR;

dsY;k tkr vkgs- ;kauk dqBs HkkstuklkBh] rj dqBs gkMa o pkeM;kalkBh ekjY;k

tkr vkgs- dqBs&dqBs rj nsoh&nsorsoj cGhP;k #ikus lq)k ;kapk iz;ksx dsY;k

tkr vkgs- brdsp uOgs rj euksjatu] f’kdkj o use lk/k.ks ;klkj[;k

fdrh&rjh dkj.kkauk iq<s d#u Ik’kq&i{;kauk vdkj.k ekjY;k tkr vkgs- euq”;

gk ,dhdMs bZ’oj] tho] ç—rh] tM&psru] vkRek o Kku foKkukP;k xks”Vh

  108  

djrks- rj nqljhdMs fucZG] funksZ”k o HkksG;ka&ckHkMîkk tukojkauk ekjrks- ;k

txkrhy lokZr eksBs iki Eg.kts Øwji.kk gks;- ,[kk|k izk.;kafo”k;h Øwj O;ogkj

dj.kkjk gk ,d izdkjs Lor%P;k vkRE;k’khp Øwj O;ogkj djhr vlrks- ;kyk

dkj.k gsp dh txkrhy loZ izk.;kae/;s ,dkp vkRekpk okl vlrks- ewd

i’kq&i{;ka çrh dsY;k xsysyk vU;k; o vR;kpkjkyk c?kwu o ,sdwu ekSu

lk/k.;kpk vFkZ Eg.kts R;k dq—R;kps leFkZu dj.ks gkp gksrks- ekSu Bso.;kyk

Loh—rhps fpUg letY;k xsys vkgs- vU;k; o vR;kpkjkpk vkiY;k iw.kZ

lkeF;kZuh’kh fojks/k dj.ks gs izR;sd foosdoku o /kkfeZd O;fDrps vfuok;Z

dÙkZO; vkgs-

vkeP;k LoHkkokrhy detksjhaps fujh{k.k d#u o R;kr lq/kkj.kk ?kMowu

vk.k.;klkBh vkEgh r;kj >kyks rj thoukrhy rhu&prqFkk±’k is{kk tkLr

leL;sps lek/kku yxsp gksbZy vkf.k gs dk;Z vkEgk Lor%ykp djkos ykxsy-

vkiY;k lHkksorkyP;k ifjfLFkfrpk fuekZrk euq”; gk Lor%p vkgs- Lor%ps lq[k

o lokZxha.k mérhdfjrk Lor%P;k nq”izo`Ùkhauk nwj d:u lR;] U;k;] lerk

bR;knh xq.kkauk ok<fo.;kps dke R;kyk Lor%ykp djkos ykx.kkj vkgs- ;krp

vkeps dY;k.k vkgs- lnkpj.kkyk Lohdk#up vkEgh lq[kh jkgw ‘kdrks- vkEgh

Lor%p Lor%pk m)kj d# ‘kdrks] nqljk dq.kh gs d# ‘kd.kkj ukgh] ;k

okLrorsyk vkEgh letwu ?;kos-

egkRek belZu Eg.kr vlr dh] ^^eyk ujdkr ikBowu |k] eh frFks

lq)k Lor%lkBh LoxkZph fufeZrh djsy**] R;kaps vls Bklwu lkax.;kekxhy

vk/kkj gkp gksrk dh Lor%P;k varjaxkyk ifj”—r dsY;kl euq”;ke/;s v’kk

cqf)ph] fopkj&‘kfDrph o xq.k] deZ] LoHkkokph mRiÙkh gksr vlrs] T;k}kjs

okbZV yksdkauk lq)k Lor%P;k lTtursus izHkkfor djrk ;sbZy vkf.k R;kaP;k

nqxqZ.kkapk izHkko vkeP;koj iM.kkj ukgh- tj v’kk oSf’k”Bîkkyk ,[kknh O;Drh

Lor%e/;s mRiUu djhr vlsy rj vlsp ekukos ykxsy dh rhus laiw.kZ txkyk

lq/kjfoys vkgs-

;’kizkIrhph ikp lw=s

thoukr ;’kLoh gks.;kph th dkgh lk/kus lkax.;kr vkyh vkgsr] R;kiSdh ikp

lk/kukauk fo}ku yksdkauh izeq[k ekuys vkgs- th O;Drh ;k ikp lw=kauk vkiY;k

thoukr LFkku nsrs] rh dks.kR;kgh fLFkfre/;s vlyh rjh] vkiY;k bfPNr ;’kkyk

  109  

uDdhp izkIr d#u ?ksrs- gh ikp lk/kus vkgsr & ifjJe o iq#”kkFkZ] vkRefo’okl o

cfynku] Lusg o lgkuqHkwrh] lkgl o fu;feri.kk vkf.k izlUurk o ekufld larqyu-

1- ifjJe o iq#”kkFkZ & fnok tGrks] txkyk izdk’k nsrks vkf.k Js;kP;k #ikus

;’kkyk izkIr djrks] fnO;kP;k ;k ;’kkekxhy jgL; gsp vkgs dh rks

Lor%e/khy rsy o okrhyk rhG&rhG tkGhr vlrks- R;kpk gk izdk’k oLrqr%

R;kP;k R;k fuajrjrseqGs o Toyu’khyuseqGsp vlrks] T;kyk rks T;ksrhP;k #ikus

vkiY;k okrh}kjs izdV djrks- fnO;kps dÙkZO; tGr jkg.ks vkgs- tsOgk rks

vkiY;k ;k dÙkZO;kiklwu nwj gksÅu fuf”Ø; curks] rsOgk çdk’k:ih ;’k lq/nk

R;kiklwu nwj fu?kwu tkrs] vkf.k rks ,dk LoLr v’kk ekrhP;k ik=kis{kk eksBk

jkgr ukgh- ;kpizek.ks tks euq”; vkiY;k ‘kjhjkP;k lkj rRokyk ifjJe#ih

ri’p;sZe/;s [kpZ djrks( vkiY;k ‘kDrh o {kerspk ;ksX; mi;ksx djrks( rks

;’k :ih izdk’kkyk izkIr d#u —rkFkZ gksrks- lfØ; vl.ks Eg.ktsp thou gks;]

rj fufӯ;rk Eg.kts e`R;q- Jekiklwu nwj jkgwu vkGl o cslko/ki.kke/;s iMwu

jkg.kkÚ;k O;fDryk thoar Eg.krkp ;s.kkj ukgh-

2- vkRefo’okl o cfynku & vkRefo’okl o Lokoyacukus jghr vlysY;k

euq”;kyk dq.khp lg;ksx vFkok enr djhr ukgh- yksda R;kaphp enr djhr

vlrkr] ts Lor%ph enr Lor%p djrkr vkf.k T;kaps ân; vkRe fo’oklkP;k

Hkkousus usgeh vksrizksr vlrs-

,[kknk euq”; ifjJeh vkgs] vkRefo’oklh lq)k vkgs] ijarq R;kr

ftKklk o fpdkVhph deh vkgs rj R;kps uko ;’kLoh O;ÇDrP;k lqphe/;s ;s.ks

dBh.kp vkgs- T;ke/;s ftKklk ukgh] rks mUurhP;k ekxkZus iq<s tk.;klkBh

Çdok Åap mB.;klkBh mRlkfgr dlk gks.kkj \ T;ke/;s ftKklsph Hkkouk vkgs]

vkf.k R;kyk lkdkj dj.;klkBh vko’;d vl.kkjh fpdkVh o ,dkxzrk lq)k

R;kr vkgs] Lor%ps /;s;] y{; o mn~s’;kafo”k;h fu”Bk vkgs] v’kh O;Drh

vkiY;k /;s;kyk izkIr dj.;klkBh R;klkBh ‘kD; vl.kkjs dks.krsgh mik;

dj.;kr ekxs jkg.kkj ukgh-

;’k gh ,d miyC/kh vkgs] T;kyk lektkr] lektkP;k enrhusp izkIr

dsY;k tkrs- fu;e gkp vkgs dh tks nqlÚ;kauk nsrks] R;kykp nqlÚ;kadMwu feGr

vlrs- tj ,[kk|kyk vls okVr vlsy dh R;kyk nqlÚ;kadMwu rj feGr

jkgkos ijarq R;kyk Lor%yk dkghp |kos ykxq u;s] rj v’kh ladqfpr o LokFkhZ

o`fÙkph O;Drh] ;k nsok.k?ksok.khP;k vk/kkjs pky.kkÚ;k txke/;s ,d ikÅy lq)k

  110  

iq<s Vkdw ‘kdr ukgh- Eg.kwu ;’kLoh gks.;klkBh fdaok R;kP;k laHkkouk

lqfuf’pr dj.;klkBh gs vko’;d vkgs dh R;kus vko’;d R;kx o cfynku

dj.;klkBh usgeh r;kj jkgkos-

3- Lusg o lgkuqHkwrh & ;’k izkIrhlkBh dj.;kr ;s.kkÚ;k iz;Rukae/;s tj Lusg o

lgkuqHkwrhpk lekos’k ulsy rj rs ;’k ,drj vi;’kke/;s cnysy fdaok

izkIrp gks.kkj ukgh- T;k O;Drh Øwj] dBksj ân;kP;k o laosnuk’kwU; vlrkr]

R;kaps gs nks”kp R;kaP;k ekxkZr dkVs cuwu ;sr vlrkr- mUurh o fodklkP;k

ekxkZoj pky.;klkBh bPNqd vlysY;k izR;sd O;fDryk Lor%P;k LoHkkokr

Lusg o lgkuqHkwrhyk LFkku ns.ks Qkj vko’;d vkgs- ;k,soth R;kyk lq)k

nqlÚ;kadMwu Lusg o lgkuqHkwrh feGr tkbZy vkf.k R;kP;k mUufrpk ekxZ iz’kLr

gksr tkbZy-

4- lkgl o fu;feri.kk & Lor%P;k xq.kkaP;k vk/kkjs Js; ekxkZoj pky.kkÚ;k

O;fDre/;s tj fuHkZ;rk ulsy rj rks vkiY;k y{;ki;Zar iksgkspw ‘kdr ukgh-

HksdM euq”;ke/;s izxfrP;k ekxkZoj iq<s tk.;kph fgaerp ulrs- rks inksinh

ekxkZr ;s.kkÚ;k dBh.k ifjfLFkrh o ladVkfo”k;h ‘kadk ?ksr jkgrks- ;’kkP;k

ekxkZoj vi;’kkph fHkrh okV.ks LokHkkfodp vkgs- ijarq HksdM O;Drh gh ;kp

vKkr o vlaHkkfor vi;’kkeqGs vkiY;k eksghesph lq#okrp djhr ukgh- T;k

Js; ekxkZph lq#okrp gks.kkj ukgh- R;kpk ifj.kke rjh dlk feG.kkj\ ;k txkr

nq”V O;Drh o ‘k=qaph dkghp deh ukgh- rs vkiY;k LoHkkokuqlkj izR;sd oj

mBukÚ;k O;fDrP;k ekxkZr vMFkGk cuwu mHks jkgr vlrkr] v’kk {k.kkyk R;k

nq”V yksdka’kh fuiV.;kdfjrk lkglkph vko’;drk vlrs] ts H;kM ek.klke/;s

jkgr ukgh-

5- izlUurk o ekufld larqyu & ;’k izkIrh dfjrk izlUursph frrdhp

vko’;drk vkgs] ftrdh ‘kjhj&;k=s dfjrk thoukph- vizlUu O;Drh gh ,d

çdkjs futhZo vlY;klkj[khp jkgr vlrs- ,[kkns NksVsls vi;’k feGkY;kl

fdaok vYilk fojks/k lgu djkok ykxY;kl rh O;Drh ,[kk|k yktkGwP;k

>kMkçek.ks dksestwu grk’k o fujk’k gksÅu clrs- rsOgk v’kk gyD;k

LoHkkokP;k O;Drh ;’kkP;k egku ekxkZoj d’kk pkyw ‘kdrhy \ ekufld

larqyu gs izlUursP;k vk/kkjsp fVdr vlrs- vizlUursP;k fLFkfre/;s euq”;kps

ekufld larqyu fVdwu jkg.ks v’kD;p vkgs vkf.k gs vlarqyu fuf’prp

vi;’kkyk tUe ns.kkjs vkgs-

  111  

v’kk izdkjs ;’kkP;k bPNqd O;fDrauh Js;kyk izkIr dj.;kdfjrk ojhy lk/kukapk

vH;kl o fodkl djhr vkiY;k mUufrP;k ekxkZoj vxzslj Ogkos- ;keqGs R;kauk

fuf’prp ;’k feGsy- lrr fØ;k’khy jkg.ks gkp ;’kkpk eqG vk/kkj vkgs- tks

fufӯ; vkgs] dkghp djr ukgh] gkr&ik; lq)k gyfor ukgh- usgeh vkGlke/;s

iMwu vlrks] R;kyk [kÚ;k vFkkZus thoar lq)k Eg.krk ;sr ukgh] ex v’kh O;Drh

;’kLoh d’kh gks.kkj \ ;’kkph lq#okr gh r’kh rj euq”;kP;k vkarfjd thoukrp gksr

vlrs- loZ egku dk;Z gs fopkjkaP;k #ikusp vkiY;k ekul iVkoj mn;kl ;sr

vlrkr vkf.k R;kaurjp R;kapk ckâ; txke/;s gGwgGw çknqHkkZo gksr vlrks-

dks.kR;kgh dk;kZph ;kstuk cufo.ks rlsp eksB&eksB~;k xks”Vhapk fopkj dj.ks

osxGs vkgs vkf.k R;kyk okLrfod thoukr vkiY;k dk;k±}kjs vfHkO;Dr dj.ks gs

iw.kZr% osxGs] cjsp’kk O;Drh vkiY;k loZ ‘kÇDruk QDr fopkj dj.;kr o ;kstuk

cufo.;kr yko.;kphp pwd djhr vlrkr- ;k fopkjkauk O;kogkfjd txkr izR;{k

lkdkj dj.;kph la/khp R;kauk izkIr gksr ukgh- v’kk yksdkauk dBksj ifjJe dj.;kph

lo; ulrs- esgurhP;k dkekiklwu rs nwjp iGr vlrkr- v’kk O;Drh gtkj xks”Vh

djrhy] ijarq FkksMs lq)k dk;Z dj.kkj ukghr- ;k txkr Hkk”k.kckth dj.;kph] ;kstuk

cufo.;kph Çdok rksaMkus eksB&eksB~;k xIik ekj.;kph brdh vko’;drk ulrs] ftrdh

dk;Z dj.;kph vkgs- ts fopkj dk;Z#ikr cnyysr] R;kaukp thoar fopkj Eg.krk

;sbZy- T;k fopkjkauk fdaok ;kstusyk O;ogkjkrp vkiY;k xsys ukgh] T;kauk çR;{ki.ks

thoukr mrjfoY;k xsys ukgh] R;kauk e`r fopkjp Eg.kkos ykxsy- vkf.k R;koj [kpZ

dj.;kr vkysY;k ‘kDrhyk ‘kfDrpk viO;; dj.ksp Eg.krk ;sbZy-

fØ;kRed dk;kZ}kjsp txkph fufeZrh gksr vlrs- ;’kLoh O;Drhe/;s Lor%P;k

vkarfjd fopkjkr o ckâ; dk;k±e/;s ;ksX; leUo; lk/k.;kph ;ksX; {kerk vlrs-

v’kk yksdkatoG fØ;kRed fopkjkaph ‘kDrh vlrs- rs vkiY;k fopkjkauk Lor%P;k

çk.k‘kfDrus vksrizksr d#u vkf.k R;koj lrr dk;Z d#u R;kuka çR;{ki.ks thoukr

mrjfor vlrkr-

n`< iz;Ru o lrr iz;ksx djhr jkg.kkÚ;k ujÇlgkauh ;k txkr peRdkfjd

vkanksyus mHkh dsyh vkgsr- foifjr ifjfLFkrh R;kauk d/khgh gjow ‘kdyh ukgh- nq%[k]

uSjk’; o vuqRlkgkus R;kaP;k ekxkZyk d/khp vMfoys ukgh] R;kaP;k ,dVÓkkaP;k

iq#”kkFkkZusp rs foy{k.k dk;Z laié d#u nk[kfoys vkgsr] ts uSjk’;sus xzLr vlysys

,d eksBs jk”Vª lq)k d# ‘kdys ukgh-

  112  

HkkX; Eg.kts nwljs&frljs dkgh ulwu HkwrdkGkr dsysyk iq#”kkFkZp vkgs- rksp

orZeku dkGkr HkkX; cuwu ;sr vlrks- v’kk izdkjs euq”; vkiY;k izcG iq#”kkFkkZ}kjs

HkkX;kyk lq)k cnyw ‘kdrks] ;kr frGek=gh ‘kadk ukgh- Eg.kwup rj EgVY;k xsys vkgs

dh] ^^euq”; vkiY;k HkkX;kpk fuekZrk Lor%p vkgs-**

euq”;kus Lor%P;k ‘kÇDrpk lnqi;ksx Lor%p djk;yk gok- nqlÚ;kaoj voyacwu

jkg.ks Eg.kts R;kph csdkjhp vkgs- vkEgkyk bZ’ojkph enr ekx.;kpk vf/kdkj rsOgkp

feGr vlrks] tsOgk vkEgh Lor% Lokoyach cuw- bZ’oj lq)k R;kaphp enr djhr

vlrks] ts Lor%ph enr Lor%p djhr vlrkr] Lor%P;k ik;koj mHks gksÅup euq”;

mUurh d# ‘kdrks- iq#”kkFkZ gh ekuoh thoukph izFke vko’;drk vkgs- ;kf’kok;

dks.kR;kgh izdkjph mUurh dj.ks ‘kD; ukgh- la?k”kZ o ;’kkpk ewG vk/kkj iq#”kkFkZ gkp

vkgs-

vkeP;k jkstP;k O;ogkjkrhy NksVÓkk&NksVÓkk xks”Vhapk izHkko lq)k thoukr

feG.kkÚ;k ;’k&vi;’kkaoj iMr vlrks- ek.klkP;k NksVÓkk&NksVÓkk lo;h] LoHkkokr

vl.kkjh NksVh’kh fo—rh] jkg.khekukph pqdhph i)r ;k loZ xks”Vh lkekU;’kk vlwu

lq)k euq”;kP;k mUurhP;k] fodklkP;k o ;’kkP;k ekxkZr Qkj eksBk vMFkGk cuwu

mH;k jkgr vlrkr- ijarq yksda ;kr dlyhp lq/kkj.kk u djrk Lor%P;k vi;’kkph

nqljhp dkj.ks iq<s djrkr vkf.k Lor%yk larq”V dj.;kpk v;’kLoh iz;Ru djhr

jkgrkr-

izR;sd O;Drh gh Lor%p Lor%ph ,d pkyrh&fQjrh tkghjkr vlrs- gh

tkghjkr t’kh vl.kkj] R;kpk izHkko lq)k rlkp iM.kkj- okrkZyki] os’kHkw”kk o

jkg.khekuk}kjs euq”;kP;k O;fDreRokps izn’kZu gksr vlrs- T;k okbZV lo;ha eqGs

Lor%ph pqdhph tkghjkr gksr vlsy vkf.k ;k}kjs vkepk ew[kZi.kk lokZuk fnlr

vlsy] R;kauk lksM.;kpk iz;Ru dj.ks] vkeP;klkBh Qkjp vko’;d vkgs-

euq”;kP;k laHkk”k.kkps Lrj lq)k R;kP;k O;fDreRokyk izdV djhr vlrs- tkLr

‘kkar jkg.kkjs fdaok Qkj tkLr cMcM dj.kkjs vls nksUgh izdkjps yksda pkaxyh letY;k

tkr ukghr- vko’;drsuqlkj ekstwu&ekiwu cksyY;kusp euq”;kP;k O;fDreRokps otu

ok<r vlrs- fopkj u djrk] folaxr] v’kq) Hkk”ksr] vf’k”Vrsus] tksjtksjkr cksy.ks]

laHkk”k.kk njE;ku dq.kkyk Vksd.ks] v;ksX; osGh ,[kknh xks”V cksy.ks] Lor%fo”k;hp

lkaxr tk.ks] gs loZ laHkk”k.kkrhy nks”k vkgsr- ijLij okrkZyki dj.;kr Lor%P;k fo”k;k

laca/khp lkaxkos] Lor%P;k vuqHkoka fo”k;hp cksywu nqlÚ;kauk cksy.;kph la/kh u ns.ks]

  113  

dq.kkP;k cgh.khP;k fdaok eqyhP;k lkSan;kZph ppkZ dj.ks] nqlÚ;kaph fuank dj.ks ;k loZ

lo;haeqGs euq”;kP;k {kqærspk vankt dq.khgh lgti.ks ykow ‘kdrks-

dks.kR;kgh izdkjps pkfjf=d o O;kogkfjd nks”k gs euq”;kyk vi;’k o

irukdMsp çsjhr djhr vlrkr- ;keqGs lektkr vlysY;k R;kaP;k izHkkokyk rs u”V

d#p lksMrkr- egku Kkuh&foKkuh o cyoku vlysyk jko.k QDr Lor%P;k

vgadkjkeqGs vkf.k ij L=h ps vigj.k dsY;kus u”V >kyk gksrk- laiw.kZ lektkus] rlsp

Ik’kq&i{;kauh lq)k R;kpk fojks/k dsyk- bfrgklkrhy i`”Bkaoj euq”;kP;k irukpk T;k

dkgh ?kVuk uewn vkgsr] R;kekxs R;kaph pkfj«;kfo”k;d ghurk ghp eq[; jkghysyh

vkgs- pkfj«; o O;ogkjkrhy ygku&ygku pqdk lq)k euq”;kP;k mérhpk o fodklkpk

ekxZ jks[kr vlrkr- rj nqljhdMs vkiY;k ygku&ygku xks”Vhaoj y{k Bso.kkjs tkx#d]

rRij o fo/ks;kRed n`f”Vdks.k Bso.kkjs yksda vi;’kke/;s lq)k ;’kkps uos ekxZ ‘kks/kwu

dk<rkr- R;kdfjrk rs nqlÚ;kapk O;kid lg;ksx o vk/kkj lq)k feGowu ?ksrkr-

;k txkr méfrps o ;’kizkIrhps vla[; ekxZ miyC/k vkgsr- vla[; yksda ;k

ekxk±oj iq<s tkÅu ;’kLoh gks.;kpk iz;Ru djhr vlrkr- dkgh yksdkauk

c?krk&c?krkp ;kr ;’k ykHkrs rj dkgh eqaxhP;k ikoykus vk;q”;Hkj pkywu lq/nk

frrD;k nwjIk;Zar tkÅu iksgkspr ukghr- nksu fo|kFkhZ ifj{kk nsrkr- R;karhy ,d ikl

gksrks rj nqljk ukikl- ukikl >kysY;k fo|kF;kZus o”kZHkj vH;kl dsyk gksrk-

iz;Rukae/;s R;kus dqBsp dkgh deh Bsoyh ukgh- ijarq dkgh fo’ks”k dkj.kkeqGs fdaok

la;ksxkus rks ukikl >kyk- rj nqlÚ;k ikl gks.kkÚ;k fo|kF;kZus laiw.kZ o”kZ

[ksG.;k&dqn.;kr o etk&ekSt dj.;kr ?kkyfoys gksrs- R;kus iqLrdkauk gkr lq)k

ykoyk uOgrk ijarq ifj{ksr udy d#u fdaok nqlÚ;k v;ksX; ekxkZps voyacu d#u

rks ikl >kyk- v’kk fLFkfrr ikl gks.kkÚ;k fo|kF;kZyk ;’kLoh o ukikl gks.kkÚ;kyk

vi;’kh Eg.krk ;sbZy dka \ uDdhp ukgh- vH;kl o ifjJe d#u lq)k la;ksxkus

ukikl gks.kkjk fo|kFkhZ gk ikl gks.kkÚ;k fo|kF;kZis{kk uDdhp tkLr ;’kLoh ekuY;k

tkbZy-

dq.kkP;k ;’kkph dlksVh gh R;k dk;kZpk ifj.kke ukgh] rj rks ekxZ] rh lk/kus

o rks vk/kkj vkgs] T;kyk R;k O;fDrus Lor%P;k mérh o fodklkdfjrk vaxhdkjys o

dkekr vk.kys gksrs- ;’kkph bPNk Bso.kkjh O;Drh gh dk;Z dj.;kP;k i)fryk egRo

nsrs dh ifjJekyk] ;kpsp foospu vkEgkyk bFks djk;ps vkgs- gGnh?kkVhP;k ;q)kr

lezkV vdcj gs fot;h >kys gksrs] ijarq bfrgklkr jk.kk izrkiP;k ‘kkS;Z xkFkkp

  114  

xkf;Y;k tkrkr- bFks iz’u gk ftad.;k&gkj.;kpk ukgh rj dks.k O;Drh cgknqjhus

y<yh] ;kpk vkgs-

euq”;kP;k vi;’kkP;k dkj.kkae/;s ,d dkj.k R;kph v;ksX;rk lq)k vkgs- dke

dj.;kP;k ;ksX; i)fryk f’kd.;kr T;kus vkGl dsyk] R;k laca/khps Kku izkIr

dj.;kr ifjJe ?ksrys ukgh] rks R;k dkekyk O;ofLFkri.ks ‘ksoVkyk usbZy] ;kph vk’kk

djrk ;sr ukgh- Lor%P;k gÍkik;h fdaok yksHkkik;h R;kus R;k dkekyk gkrkr tjh

?ksrys vlsy rjh rks ;keqGs nqlÚ;kalg] Lor%P;k n`f”Ve/;s lq)k migklkpkp ik=

gksbZy- dks.kR;kgh dkekyk ;’kLohiwoZd iw.kZ dj.;klkBh R;k lacaf/kr ;ksX;rk vl.ks

furkar vko’;d vkgs] vkf.k gh ;ksX;rk dkgh nSoh ojnkukP;k #ikus feGr ulrs- gh

rj ifjJe o iq#”kkFkkZ}kjsp izkIr gksr vlrs- ts vkG’kh vkgsr] vdeZ.; vkgsr] dke

dj.;kr T;kaps eu ykxr ukgh] esgurhP;k ukokus T;kauk ?kke QqVrks rs ,[kk|k

fo”k;kr fo’ks”k ;ksX;rk çkIr djrhy- ;kph vk’kk dj.ks gs ,[kk|k nhokLoIuk izek.ksp

Bjsy- ;ksX;rk gh ifjJe o iq#”kkFkkZ}kjsp feGr vlrs- dks.kR;kgh fo”k;kr ;’k izkIr

dj.;klkBh R;k fo”k;kr iwjs’kh ;ksX;rk vl.ks Qkj vko’;d vkgs vkf.k gh ;ksX;rk]

ifjJe o iq#”kkFkkZojp voyacwu vkgs] v’kk izdkjs ;’kkps eqG dkj.k ifjJe o iq#”kkFkZ

vkgs] gs Li”V gksrs-

^^euq”; Lor%P;k HkkX;kpk fuekZrk Lor%p vkgs**] ;k opukyk deZB O;ÇDruh

vkiY;k iq#”kkFkkZ}kjs v’kD; xks”Vhauk ‘kD; d#u [kjs fl) d:u nk[kfoys vkgs vkf.k

R;kyk txkleksj ,dk fl) ea=kP;k #ikus ekaMys vkgs-

thoukr ;’kkph bPNk Bso.kkÚ;kauh R;kauk osGksosGh feG.kkÚ;k vi;’kkyk ,dk

vkOgkukP;k #ikus ?;kos vkf.k vkiY;k l`tu ‘kDrhP;k cGkoj vi;’kklkscr

jkg.kkÚ;k uSjk’;syk R;kauh toG ;sÅ nsÅ u;s- vMh&vMhp.khauk ?kkcj.ks Eg.kts

vkiY;k varjaxkr vlysY;k H;kMi.kkyk n’kZfo.ksp vkgs- ;kauk ?kkcj.;k,soth R;kauk

nwj dj.;klkBh vkEgh izk.ki.kkus ykxk;yk gos] v’kkizdkjs iw.kZ mRlkg o fgaerhus

/;s;kdMs xfreku >kY;kusp ;’kkph vk’kk dsY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- vlk iq#”kkFkZ

nk[kfo.kkÚ;kaP;k xGîkkr fot;kph ekG uDdhp iMrs ;kr ‘kadk ukgh-

;’kkyk izkIr dj.ks] gk euq”;kpk tUefl) vf/kdkj vkgs- th O;Drh vkiY;k

;k vf/kdkjkph mis{kk d#u dlsrjh tx.;krp lek/kku ekurs] rh vkiY;k ekSY;ok.k

euq”; thoukps voewY;u d#u ,dk v’kk la/khyk xekowu clrs th R;kyk iqUgk

  115  

feG.ks ‘kadkLinp vkgs- Eg.kwu mBk ! vkf.k vkt iklwup vkiY;kyk gO;k vlysY;k

;’kkps oj.k dj.;klkBh vko’;d vlysY;k dk;kZe/;s ykxk-

vkeph ekSY;oku laiÙkh & pkfj«;

ln~fopkj o lRdekZP;k ,d#irsykp pkfj«; Eg.krkr- T;k O;Drh Lor%P;k

bPNsyk fu;af=r Bsowu R;kauk lRdekZps #i nsrkr] R;kaukp pkfj«;oku EgVY;k tkÅ

‘kdrs- la;fer bPNk’kDrhus izsfjr >kysY;k lnkpkjkps ukop pkfj«; vkgs-

,dk fopkjdkus EgVys vkgs & ^tsOgk vkeP;k toGwu iSlk fu?kwu tkrks] rsOgk

vkeps dkghp uqdlku gksr ulrs] tsOgk vkeps vkjksX; fu?kwu tkrs] rsOgk dkgh rjh]

vkeP;k toGwu tkr vlrs vkf.k tsOgk pkfj«; fu?kwu tkrs rsOgk loZ dkgh fu?kwu

tkrs- euq”;kP;k thoukpk lkj Eg.kts R;kps pkfj«; gsp gks;-*

LosV ekVsZu fyfgrkr & ^;k txkr v’kk euq”;kaph xjt vkgs] ts iS’kkdfjrk

Lor%yk fodr ukghr- T;kaP;k jksejksekr izkekf.kdrk Hkjysyh vkgs] T;kaP;k varjaxkr

lR;kpk fnok çTofyr vkgs] T;kaph varjkRek daiklP;k lqbZ izek.ks usgeh mTToy

u{k=kdMsp c?kr vlrs] ts lR;kyk izdV dj.;klkBh Øwj jk{klka’kh lkeuk dj.;kr

lq)k ?kkcjr ukgh] dBh.k dkekauk c?kwu ts vk’kafdr gksr ukghr] ts Lor%P;k ukokpk

<ksy u oktfork fgaerhus dke djhr tkrkr] v’kh ek.klsp ekÖ;k n`f”Vus pkfj«;oku

vkgsr-**

oj fyghysY;k Eg.khuqlkj iSlk o vkjksX;kyk xekfoys rjh rs iqUgk feGfork

;srs ijarq ,dnk xsysys pkfj«; dks.kR;kgh fdaerhr ijr feGfork ;sr ukgh- mR—“V

pkfj«; ghp ekuoh thoukph [kjh dlksVh vkgs- iSlk] fo|k] dyk] ‘kDrh bR;knh

xks”Vhaps lq)k ekuoh thoukr vkiys ,d osxGs egRo vkgs] ijarq /keZ&cq)h fdaok

pkfj«;k}kjs tj ;koj fu;a=.k lk/kY;k xsys ukgh] rj R;k loZ laink euq”; o

lektklkBh ?kkrdp B: ‘kdrkr- ,[kknk euq”; xjhc vlsy] rks eksBk fo}ku fdaok

‘kfDrlaiUu lq)k ulsy rjh lq)k R;kdfjrk thoukph mi;ksfxrk o egrh deh gksr

ukgh- ;kfo#) ,[kknh O;Drh tj ojhy loZ n`f”Vus laié vlsy] ijarq pkfj«;oku

ulsy rj rks lokZr tkLr nhu&ghu o ikih letY;k tkbZy- ;keqGs R;kps Lor%ps

dY;k.k rj gks.kkjp ukgh] f’kok; lektkps Hkys lq/nk gks.kkj ukgh- mÙke fopkj

Bso.kkjk euq”; Eg.kts lektkdfjrk ,d Qkj eksBh laink vkgs- fo’odoh VSxksj ;kaP;k

‘kCnkr lkaxk;ps >kY;kl ^pkfj«; gs izfrHksis{kk Js”B vkgs-* LekbYl ;kauh fyghys vkgs

  116  

& ^^pkfj«; gh nqlÚ;k loZ lainsis{kk egku laink vkgs- nqlÚ;k izdkjP;k laiÙkh ;k

vfLFkj vkgsr- ijarq pkfj«; gh euq”; thoukrhy lokZr LFkk;h laiÙkh vkgs-**

thoukrhy LFkk;h ;’kkpk vk/kkj euq”;kps pkfj«; gsp vkgs- ;kpk R;kx d:u]

thoukr nqlÚ;k dks.kR;kgh ekxkZus vkEgh ;’kLoh >kyks rjh rs ;’k Qkj dkG vkeP;k

toG fVdw ‘kdr ukgh- O;Drh] dqVqac o jk”VªkP;k LFkk;h le`f)pk o fodklkpk vk/kkj

Eg.kts vkeps pkjhf=d Lrjp vkgs- pkfj«;ghurseqGsp ‘kDrh] le`)h o izxrhps fo?kVu

gksr vlrs- pkfj«; gk ,d vlk etcwr [kMd vkgs- T;koj mHkh vlysyh O;Drh

vts; o egku cur tkrs- yksdekU; fVGdkauh EgVys vkgs & ^^;k txkr pkfj«;oku

O;fDrp mUufryk izkIr gksr vlrkr-**

dk;Z] O;ogkj] fopkj o HkkousP;k fueZGrseqGsp ,[kk|kps laiw.kZ thou Åap

mBr vlrs- ;kaP;k ‘kq)rs}kjsp R;kP;k pkfj«;kph fufeZrh gksrs- lsok] n;k] ijksidkj]

mnkjrk] R;kx] f’k”Vkpkj] ln~O;ogkj bR;knh xq.k Eg.kts pkfj«;kps ckâ; vax vkgsr

rj ln~Hkkouk] mR—“V fparu] fu;fer o O;ofLFkr thou] ‘kkar&xaHkhj euksHkqeh gs

R;kps ijks{k vax vkgsr- vkiys fopkj] bPNk] vkdka{kk o vkpj.k tls vlsy] rlsp

vkiys pkfj«; cusy vkf.k tls vkiys pkfj«; vlsy] rlsp vkiys fo’o

vkiY;kleksj r;kj gksbZy- vkiys thou o vkiyk lalkj gs loZ vkiY;k pkfj«;kphp

ns.k vkgsr-

pfj=ghu O;DrhdMs Hkjiwj iSlk vlyk rjh rh R;k lainsyk lq[kksiHkksx dj.;kr

fdaok nqlÚ;k nq”izo`frae/;s yodjp u”V d#u Vkdsy- v’kh O;Drh tj fo}ku vlsy

rj rh vkiY;k cqf)yk diV&dkjLFkku dj.;kr o nqlÚ;kauk Qlfo.;kr [kphZ ?kkysy-

‘kfDroku vlsy rj nqlÚ;kaoj vR;kpkj djsy] pfj=ghu O;DrhdMs vl.kkjs /ku]

fo}Ùkk o ‘kDrh gh lektklkBh ?kkrdp Bjr vlrs- pkfj«;oku O;fDrp ;k lainspk

lnqi;ksx d#u Lor%ps vkf.k nqlÚ;kaps dY;k.k d# ‘kdrks-

mÙke pkfj«; gs thoukyk ;ksX; fn’ksdMs izsfjr djhr vlrs rj pkfj«;ghurk gh

thoukyk iFkHkz”V d#u fouk’kkP;k [kkbZe/;s <dyrs- ijarq nq%[kkph xks”V gh vkgs dh

vkt paxGoknkP;k vka/kGÓkk /kkok/kkohe/;s thoukps eqY;kadu dj.;kps Lrj cnyr

pkyys vkgsr- vkt lektkr R;kaukp izfr”Bk feGrs] yksda R;kaukp egRo nsrkr- ts

/kuk<Ók] fo}ku] izfrHkkoku o mPp inkoj dk;Z dj.kkjs vkgsr- ;k lok±leksj vkEgh

pkfj«;kyk toGikl foljrp pkyysyks vkgksr- ;k dkj.kkaeqGsp pkfj«;kps ewY;

fnolsafnol deh gksr pkyys vkgs- vkEgh /kuoku yksdkaoj tho Vkdrks] R;kaph lsok

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dj.;kr iq<s&iq<s jkgrks] jktusR;kP;k rksaMkdMs vk’ksus c?kr vlrks] iafMrkaph Lrqrh

djrks ijarq pkfj«;oku o lnkpkjh O;fDryk dkghp egRo nsr ukgh- vkeP;k

lektkrhy gh ,d Qkj eksBh fo—rh vkgs- ;keqGs yksdkae/;s pkfj«;kiklwu nwj tkÅu

ckgÓk lainsyk izkIr dj.;kph izo`Ùkh mRiUu gksr vlrs-

vktP;k ;k ;qxke/;s izR;sdkdMs laiÙkh] fo}Ùkk] o f’k{k.kkps çeki Qkj tkLr

ok<ys vkgs- ;klkscr rFkkdfFkr paxGokniw.kZ thoukps Lrj lq)k ok<ys vkgs- ijarq

R;kp izek.kkr vkeP;k pkfj«;kps Lrj gs fnolsafnol [kkyhp ?kljr pkyys vkgs- vkt

lektkr pkfj«;oku O;Drh Qkjp deh fnlwu ;srkr- Lor%P;k pkfj«;kdMs nqyZ{k d#u

HkkSfrd lq[k&lks;hauk ,df=r dj.;kP;k vka/kG;k /kkok/kkoh e/;s ykxwu jkfgY;keqGs

loZ= Hkz”Vkpkj] csbZekuh] Qlo.kwd dj.;kph izo`Ùkh] HksnHkko] bZ”;kZ&}s”k ;klkj[;k

okbZV izo`Ùkh ok<r pkyY;k vkgsr- tksIk;Zar vkEgh vkiY;k pkfj«;kfo”k;h tkx#d

jkg.kkj ukgh o pkfj«;kyk lokZr eq[; let.kkj ukgh] rksi;Zar rjh vkeP;k oS;fDrd

o lkekftd thoukrhy fo”kerk nwj gks.kkj ukgh o vkeP;k leL;sps lek/kku lq)k

fu?k.kkj ukgh-

pkfj«; Eg.kts ekuoh thoukpk ik;k vkgs- gk tj detksj o ttZj vlsy rj

R;koj thou#ih eafnj fo’okliwoZd mHks gksÅ ‘kd.kkj ukgh- rls ;k txkr eksBs&eksBs

nq’pfj=oku yksda lq)k txr vlrkr- ijarq R;kaP;k tx.;kyk thou tx.ks Eg.krk ;sr

ukgh- thou tx.ks rj R;kapsp Eg.krk ;sbZy] T;kaP;kfo”k;h yksdkaph nqHkkZouk tqGysyh

ulsy] T;kaP;k mifLFkfrus yksda nwj iG.kkj ukghr] yksda T;kaP;koj fo’okl Vkdrhy

vkf.k ts Lor% lq)k fuHkZ;] fu”dyad o lUekukus thou txr vlrhy- T;kaps pkfj«;

ifrr >kys vkgs vkf.k ts lektkr fo’okl Bso.;k;ksX; letY;k tkr ukghr] v’kk

yksdkauk inksinh vlgdk;Z o vlgkuqHkwrhpk rkip lgu djkok ykxrks-

lPpfj= O;Drh vkiY;k LoHkkokus o O;ogkjkus lektkrhy lok±uk Qkj yodj

o lgtfjR;k izHkkfor d#u ?ksrs- ;keqGs loZ yksda R;kauk vknj rj nsrkrp] f’kok;

R;kaP;k izR;sd xks”Vhaoj fo’okl lq)k Vkdrkr- R;kaP;k izR;sd dk;kZyk o O;ogkjkyk

rs Qkj y{kiwoZd c?krkr o R;kpk vuqHko ?ksrkr vkf.k R;kaP;k izHkkokyk xzg.k d#u

Lor%lq)k dGr&udGr R;kaps vuqlj.k dj.;kpk iz;Ru djhr vlrkr- okbZVkr

&okbZV euq”; lq)k] oj&o#u tjh Eg.kr ulyk fdaok ekur ulyk rjh eukrY;k

eukr pkfj«;oku O;fDrfo”k;h vknjkph Hkkouk Bsohrp vlrks vkf.k R;kiklqu rks

?kkc#u lq)k vlrks- gs ,d eukSoSKkfud lR; vkgs- v’kkizdkjs lPpfj=rk o lR;kpk

  118  

peRdkj gk nqlÚ;kaP;k MksD;koj p<wu cksyrks vkf.k R;kauk izHkkfor djrks] vls

Eg.kk;yk dq.kkaph dkghp gjdr vl.kkj ukgh-

T;k ns’kkarhy L=h&iq:”kkae/;s ‘khy o e;kZnsyk fuf’pr dsY;k xsys ukgh] frFks

lektkps Qkj tkLr iru >kysys n`f”Vl iMrs- ;k dqfVy ekufldrsus o lkekftdrsus

xzLr >kysys ik’pkR; ns’k vkt Lor%P;k Js;&lUekukyk lq/nk xekowu clys vkgsr-

ik’pkR; fl)karkoj vk/kkfjr vlysY;k ;k nq”izo`fRreqGs Hkkjrh; laL—rh o lektkps

lq)k dkgh deh uqdlku >kysys ukgh- ;k fo”kkDr o nqHkkZX;iw.kZ vlysY;k dkeqdrsus

o LoPNUnrsus laiw.kZ lkekftd O;oLFksykp iksdG d#u Bsoys vkgs-

O;ÇDrP;k leqgk}kjsp lekt o ekuoh thou cur vlrs vkf.k O;Drh o

R;kapk O;ogkj gkp ;kyk lapkfyr lq)k djhr vlrks- T;k lektkrhy loZ yksda gs

pkfjf=d o uSfrd n`f”Vus pkaxys] n`< o fodflr vlrkr] rks laiw.kZ lektp

lPpfj=rsP;k Js”B ewY;kauk LFkkfir dj.kkjk o R;kapk eku&lUeku ok<fo.kkjk fl)

gksrks- tsOgk lkekftd thou gs pkfj«;oku o Js”B eqY;kauk /kkj.k dj.kkjs curs] rsOgk

rks ns’k o rs jk”Vª lq)k rlsp cuwu txkleksj ,d vkn’kZ ekaMhr vlrs-

izkphu dkGkr ;k Hkkjr ns’kkyk fo’oxq# gks.;kpk xkSjo izkIr >kyk gksrk- ;kps

dkj.k ;sFkhy yksdkaph lPpfj=rk o egku ekuoh; uSfrd ewY;kaps j{k.k dj.;kps R;kaps

lkeF;Zp gksrs- okLro rj gsp vkgs dh] vkeP;k ns’kkP;k Øfed irukps o ijk/khursps

dkj.k vkepk lrr gksr tk.kkjk pkfjf=d Úgkl gkp gksrk- ;k okLrfodrsyk letwu

tsOgk ns’kkus uSfrd ewY;kaps o pkfj«;kps j{k.k dj.;kP;k iz;Rukaph lq#okr dsyh]

rsOgkp R;kyk rh ‘kDrh izkIr >kyh T;kP;k cGkoj rks Lora= gksÅ ‘kdyk-

pkfj«; fufeZrh e/;s lRlkfgR;kps Qkj eksykps ;ksxnku vlrs- egkiq#”kkaps thou

pfj= okpY;kus Lor%e/;s lq)k rlsp cu.;kph bPNk fuekZ.k gksrs- fopkjkauk etcqrh o

‘kDrh iznku dj.kkjs lkfgR; gs vkRefuekZ.k dj.;kr Qkj eksBs ;ksxnku nsr vlrs-

;keqGs euq”;kps vkarfjd oSf’k”Bîk tkx`r gksrs- pkaxY;k iqLrdkiklqu feGkysyh izsj.kk gh

[kÚ;k fe=kaph Hkwfedk fuHkfor vlrs vkf.k ;keqGs thoukP;k ;ksX; fn’ksps Kku

vkEgkyk izkIr gksrs- ;kfo#) v’yhy lkfgR; gs vkeP;k v/k%irukps dkj.k cur

vlrkr-

vkEgh pkfj«;kps j{k.k dks.krhgh fdaer nsÅu djk;ykp gos- ;kdfjrk

NksVÓkk&NksVÓkk dk;k±ph mis{kk dj.ks lq)k ;ksX; ukgh- vkeph os’kHkw”kk] [kk.ks&ih.ks]

mBus&cl.ks] okrkZyki o euksjatukP;k osGh lq)k e;kZnsps ikyu Ogk;yk gos] os’kHkw”kk

  119  

o vkgkjkrhy lk/ksi.kkeqGs lq)k r’kkp izdkjps mR—“V fopkj cur vlrkr- ;kfo:/n

eknd o mÙkstd inkFkk±uh pkfj«; {kh.k gksÅu Ik’kq&izo`Ùkh tkx`r gksr vlrs-

pkfj«; gh euq”;kph lokZr eksBh ‘kDrh o laiÙkh vkgs- txkrhy vuar lainspk

Lokeh vlwu lq)k tj dq.kh pkfj«;ghu vlsy rj rks izR;sd n`f”Vus foiUup ekuY;k

tkbZy- ijarq vkt nq%[kiwoZd gs Lohdkjkos ykxrs dh yksdkaP;k pkfjf=d irukpk tks

Øe vkt lq# >kysyk vkgs] rks dqBs Fkkac.;kps ukop ?ksrkauk fnlwu ;sr ukgh- vkt

laiw.kZ O;oLFkkp ;kizdkjs o ;k e;kZnsi;Zar Hkz”V >kyh vkgs dh] ,[kk|k O;fDryk

R;kph bPNk vlwu lq)k lPpfj= o uSfrd eqY;kaus laiUu cuwu jkg.ks v’kD;p gksÅu

xsys vkgs- ;keqGs loZ= ewY;ghursps o vkpkj&fopkjkrhy Hkz”Vrsps lkezkT; iljys

vkgs- ;kpk var dqBs gksbZy] dkghp dGwu ;sr ukgh- vkt iqUgk lgt v’kk ekuoh;

Hkkousyk] ewY;kauk o pkfj«;kyk tkxowup vktP;k ;k vjktdrsP;k okrkoj.kkrwu

lqVdk gks.ks ‘kD; vkgs- vkrk gh tokcnkjh r#.k oxkZoj ;sÅu Bsiyh vkgs dh R;kauh

ns’kkps pkfj«; Åap mBfo.;klkBh Lor% vkiys pkfj«; mTToy cuokos vkf.k

nqlÚ;kaP;k pkfj«;kps j{k.k djkos-

yksd&usr`Ro dj.;kph vkf.k lektkP;k çokgkyk cnyfo.;kph ‘kDrh QDr

pkfj«;k}kjsp izkIr dsY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- pfj= cG gs txkrhy loZ cGkais{kk Js”B vkf.k

loZ izdkjP;k laiÙkh e/;s lokZr ekSY;oku vkgs- ;k u’oj ekuoh thoukrhy rh vej

v’kh miyC/kh vkgs- rhp ‘kDrh euq”;kyk ujkpk ukjk;.k cufor vlrs-

fuf’pri.ks QG ns.kkjh thou lk/kuk

nk’kZfud fdaok oSKkfud n`f”Vus c?khrY;kl ekuoh thoukyk ,dk vewY;

lainsP;k :ikus Lohdkj dsY;k tkrs- vkeP;k ‘kkjhfjd] ekufld o vkfRed {ks=kr

v’kk foy{k.k {kerk Hk#u vkgsr dh lkekU; cq)h}kjs R;kph dYiuk lq)k djrk ;sr

ukgh- R;kauk fodflr dj.;kP;k i)fryk tj LohdkjY;k xsys vkf.k R;k {kerspk

lnqi;ksx dj.;kph n`”Vh vkEgkyk ykHkyh rj ;k thoukr ykSfdd o vykSfdd v’kk

nksUgh izdkjP;k lainspk o foHkwrhapk <hx ykoY;k tkÅ ‘kdrks-

euq”;kyk QDr ekuoksfprp uOgs rj nso ln`’; thou txw ‘kd.;k;ksX; lk/kus

lq)k izkIr >kysyh vkgsr- rjh lq)k R;kyk Ik’kq&rqY; o nhu&ghu thoup txkos

ykxrs- ;kyk dkj.k gsp vkgs dh R;kus thoukyk lqx< cufo.;kdfjrk vko’;d

vlysY;k eqyHkwr rÙokadMs nqyZ{k dsys vkgs vkf.k ;kpk vH;kl lq)k rks vkiY;k

thoukr djhr ukgh- thoukyk ;ksX; i)frus tx.;kph dyk let.ks vkf.k dykRed

  120  

i)frus thoukyk tx.ks] ;kykp thou tx.;kph dyk EgVY;k tkrs] v’kk izdkjs

dykRed thou txr ekuoh thoukP;k Js”Bre y{;kIk;aZr iksgksp.;klkBh R;kyk

vusd ln~xq.kkapk fodkl Lor%e/;s djkok ykxrks- Lor%e/khy nks”k&nqxqZ.kkauk nwj djkos

ykxrs o vusd izdkjps ln~xq.k] lRizo`Ùkh o {kerspk fodkl R;kyk djkok ykxrks- ;k

xq.kkauk o {kersyk lqfodflr o lqfu;ksftr dj.;kP;k fo|sykp ^thou lk/kuk* EgVY;k

tkrs- gh ,d v’kh izfØ;k vkgs] dh T;kyk ;ksX; i)frus laiUu dsY;kl dq#ikrhy

dq#i xks”V lq)k laqnjkr lqanj cuwu tkrs- ,d f’kYidkj nxMkP;k rqdMÓkkyk

fNéh&gkrksMÓkkus ?kMowu R;kyk ;ksX; vkdkj ns.;kpk iz;Ru djrks- rks nxM tsOgk ,dk

laqnj ewrhZps #i /kkj.k djrks rsOgk R;k f’kYidkjkus dsysys loZ ç;Ru lkFkZ o ;’kLoh

gksÅu tkrkr- euq”;kps thou lq)k dysP;k vk/kkjs ,dk lkekU; nxMkiklwu eqrhZe/;s

#ikarfjr dsY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs vkf.k R;kP;k vux< o csMkSy O;fDreRokyk lqanj o

lok±xh.k ckcrhr fodflr dsY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- thou&lk/kus}kjs euq”;kps O;fDreRo

egkiq#”k o nsoiq#”kka lkj[ks lkeF;Zoku vkf.k vkd”kZd cufo.ks lgt ‘kD; vkgs-

thou lk/kuk gk vktP;k ‘kks/kdk;kZrhy lokZr egRokpk fo”k; vkgs- vkt

iwohZlkj[kh eu%fLFkrh o ifjfLFkrh jkghysyh ukgh- vktP;k vk/kqfud okrkoj.kkr

‘kk’or fl)karkuk d’kk izdkjs O;kogkfjd cufork ;sbZy] ;kojp ‘kks/k dk;Z djk;ps

vkgs- gs vlkekU; o vn~Hkwr vls dk;Z vkgs] dkj.k vkt foKku] m|ksx] f’k{k.k]

fodkl o fofo/k izpyua bR;knhauh vkilkr feGwu ts uos okrkoj.k fufeZr dsys vkgs]

R;keqGs ,dk uO;k laL—rhusp tUe ?ksryk vkgs- cgqla[;d yksda ;k uO;k laL—frus

izHkkfor gksÅu R;kr fuiq.k lq)k >kys vkgsr- gh laL—rh t’kh dkgh vlsy] r’kh

leksj fnlwu ;srsp- ;kr paxGokn] LokFkZ] vgadkj] vukLFkk] mPN`a[kyrk]

diV&dkjLFkku] /kwrZi.kk ;klkj[;k nq”izo`fÙkus pkrq;Z o laiÙkhpk leUo; d#u vls

dkgh okrkoj.k r;kj dsys vkgs dh R;kyk u iksVkr fxGrk ;srs u rksaMkckgsj dk<rk

;srs- v’kk ;k okrkoj.kkr thoukP;k n`f”Vus vi;’kh] ekuorsP;k n`f”Vus =qVhiw.kZ]

O;fDreRokP;k n`f”Vus ew[kZ o cs<c] vkf.k vkarfjd n`f”Vus v’kkarrk o vlek/kkukus

HkjysY;k euq”;kpsp ckgqY; vkgs- ;kps dkj.k ,dp vkgs] rs Eg.kts thou tx.;kP;k

dysfo”k;h euq”;kps vufHkK vl.ks o thou&lk/kusph mis{kk dj.ks- yk[kks&djksMks

yksda thou txrkr] R;kauk txkosp ykxrs] ijarq thou tx.;kP;k dysph R;kauk

ekghrh ulY;keqGs o thou lk/kusph mis{kk dsY;keqGs rs foo’k vlrkr- tks euq”;

leqækP;k rGkIk;Zar cqMh ek# ‘kdrks] pUæki;Zar mÏku ?ksÅ ‘kdrks] rks] R;kph bPNk

>kY;kl lq[k&‘kkarrsus HkjysY;k xkSjoiw.kZ thou i)rhyk lq)k Lohdk# ‘kdrks- ;k

  121  

vk/kkjs thoukrhy izR;sd iz’ukyk lksMfork ;srs vkf.k izR;sd leL;sps lek/kku dsY;k

tkÅ ‘kdrs-

thou&lk/kuspk vFkZ vkgs & Lor%P;k vux< O;fDreRokyk lqx< o mi;ksxh

cufo.ks- izR;sd O;fDre/;s egku cu.;kP;k vuar laHkkouk] cht #ikus fo|eku

vkgsr- izf’k{k.k o vH;klk}kjs R;kapk fodkl dsY;k tkÅ ‘kdrks- thou lk/kus e/;s

lk/kdkyk pkj izdkjP;k izfØ;k laiUu djkO;k ykxrkr-

1- thou&fodklke/;s ck/kd vlysY;k vuqi;qDrrsyk ‘kks/kwu dk<.ks] 2- okbZV

laLdkjkuk feVfo.ks] 3- T;k lRizo`fÙkapk vH;kl vtwugh Lor%P;k LoHkkokr >kysyk

ukgh] R;kapk fodkl dj.ks vkf.k 4- v’kk izdkjs izkIr >kysY;k miyfC/kauk izdk’k&nhi

izek.ks lqfoLr`r {ks=kr forfjr dj.ks- ;k pkj lksikukauk vkRefparu] vkRelq/kkj]

vkRefuekZ.k o vkRefodklkP;k ukokus lacksf/kY;k tkrs- ;k pkjgh lk/kukauk ,d&,d

d#u ukgh rj lefUori.ksp Lohdkjk;yk gos-

1- vkRefparu & vkRefparukpk vFkZ Lor%ph leh{kk dj.ks vkgs- ;kr Lor%e/khy

xq.k&nks”kkauk ‘kks/kwu dk<.;klkBh o R;kaps oxhZdj.k dj.;klkBh iz;Ru djkok ykxrks-

#X.kkph fLFkrh let.;klkBh R;kps ew=] laMkl] jDr] rkieku] ân;kph /kM/kM

bR;knhaph rikluh djkoh ykxrs- ;k}kjs funku dsY;kuarjp R;koj ;ksX; mipkj dj.ks

‘kD; gksrs- vkRefparu fdaok vkReleh{ksph i/nr lq)k v’khp vlrs- ;kdfjrk

Lor%ykp iz’u fopk#u R;kaps ;ksX; mÙkj ‘kks/kwu dk<.;kpk iz;Ru djkok ykxrks-

vkEgh T;k nq”izo`fÙkalkBh nqlÚ;kaph fuank djrks] R;krhy dkgh nq”izo`Ùkh vkeP;kr rj

ukgh uk \ T;k xks”VhalkBh nqlÚ;kapk frjLdkj djrks] R;k xks”Vh vkeP;ke/;s rj ukgh

uka \ T;k izdkjpk O;ogkj vkEgkyk nqlÚ;kadMwu udks vkgs] rlkp O;ogkj vkEgh

nqlÚ;kalkscr rj djhr ukgh uka \ tlk mins’k vkEgh usgeh nqlÚ;kauk nsr vlrks]

R;kuq#ip vkeps vkpj.k vkgs uka \ t’kh iz’kalk o izfr”Bk izkIr dj.;kph bPNk

vkEgkyk vkgs] R;kuq#ip oSf’k”BÓk vkeP;kr vkgs dka \ v’kk fofo/k izdkjps lw{e

vkRefujh{k.k izR;sd O;fDrus djk;yk gos vkf.k Lor%e/khy =qVhauk R;kus ‘kks/kwu

dk<kos-

izR;sdkyk nqlÚ;kae/khy xq.k&nks”k c?k.ksp vkoMr vlrs vkf.k izR;sd O;Drh

;kr fuiw.k lq)k vlrs- Lor%e/khy nks”k&nqxZq.kkauk fu”i{ki.ks c?kwu R;kauk Lohdkj

dj.;kph la/kh dnkfprp dq.kkyk feGr vlsy] dq.kh vkEgkyk vkeps nks”k

lkaxhrY;kl rks vkEgkyk ‘k=w lkj[kk okVw ykxrks- T;k vkReleh{ksP;k dk;kZyk vkEgh

  122  

d/kh dsysp ukgh] rs dk;Z lgti.ks vkeP;k vH;klkr ;sr ukgh- Eg.kwu Lor%P;k

nks”k&nqxqZ.kkauk ‘kks/kwu dk<.;klkBh vkEgh dBksj Ogkos vkf.k n`<rsyk Lohdkj djkos-

2- vkRelq/kkj.kk & okbZV izo`fÙkauk lksM.;klkBh] dqlaLdkjkauk u”V dj.;klkBh

vkf.k Lor%e/khy =qVhauk o nks”k&nqxqZ.kkauk nwj dj.;klkBh vkRe lq/kkj.ksP;k Øekyk

Lohdkjkos ykxrs- ;kdfjrk ln~fopkjkapk vH;kl o okbZV fopkjka’kh la?k”kZ dj.;kP;k

nksu eksghek mH;k djkO;k ykxrkr- okbZV lo;hauk rksM.;klkBh] ckgÓk nqO;Zogkjkoj

fu;a=.k Bsowu R;kaP;k eqGkauk miMwu Qsd.;klkBh] oSpkfjd la?k”kkZph i`”BHkweh vkEgh

cuok;yk goh- tqU;k lo;hauk uO;k lo;h ykowu rksM.;kr ;kos vkf.k dqlaLdkjkauk

oSpkfjd la?k”kkZ}kjs u”V djkos- T;kizek.ks Fky lsus’kh] Fky lsukp y<rs vkf.k

ok;qlsus‘kh ok;qlsuk] r’kkp uhrhyk dqlaLdkajkuk nwj dj.;klkBh lq)k Lohdkjkos ykxrs-

tks laLdkj tsOgk oj ;sbZy] R;kP;k’kh rsOgkp la?k”kZ dj.;kr ;kok- okbZV lo;h tsOgk

oj ;s.;klkBh gÍkyk isVrkr] rsOgk R;kP;k tkxsoj ;ksX; rs lRdeZ dj.;kpk vkxzg

/kjkok vkf.k iw.kZ eukscGkus vuqfpr laLdkjkauk nkc.;kph o mfpryk Lohdkj.;kph

fgaer djkoh- vkeps eukscG detksj vlsy rjp vkEgkyk gjkos ykxsy] vU;Fkk

lRlkgl dsY;kus Js”B laLdkjkaph LFkkiuk dj.;kr ;’k gs uDdhp vkEgkyk feGrs-

;kdfjrk lq#okrhyk NksVÓkk&NksVÓkk okbZV lo;ha’kh y<k ns.ks lq# djk- R;kaP;koj fot;

feGfoY;kuarj tkLr tq.;k o tkLr eksBîkk nq”izo`ÇÙkuk gjfo.;k;ksX; eukscG lq)k

vkeP;ktoG tek gksbZy-

3- vkRefuekZ.k & thou&lk/kusps frljs lksiku Eg.kts vkRefuekZ.k gks;- Lor%P;k

O;fDreRokyk mR—“V o lqlaL—r cufo.;klkBh ;kstukc) iz;Ru dj.ks gkp ;kpk vFkZ

vkgs- nqxZq.kkauk nwj dsY;kuarj R;k tkxh ln~xq.kkaph LFkkiuk lq)k Ogk;yk goh- ‘ksrkrwu

QDr dkVsjh >qMqia o tq.;k ihdkP;k ewGkauk dk<wu ‘ksrhpk mÌs’; iw.kZ gksr ulrks-

ckdhph f’kYyd jkghysyh dkea rj R;k tehuhoj je.kh; m|ku ykoY;kus vkf.k

R;kph fuxk jk[kwu R;kyk eksBs dsY;kusp gksr vlrkr- ‘kjhjkrhy vktkjkyk nwj dj.ks]

gs v/ksZ dk;Z vkgs- ;kuarj R;k detksj ‘kjhjkyk cyoku cufo.;klkBh ;ksX;

vkgkj&fogkjkph O;oLFkk yko.ks lq)k vko’;d vkgs- ;kpizek.ks nqxqZ.kkauk nwj

dsY;kuarj R;k tkxh ln~xq.kkaP;k laifÙkyk ,df=r dj.ks lq)k Qkj vko’;d vkgs-

ln~fopkj o lRdekZP;k thou i)rhyk LohdkjY;kusp O;fDreRokps lqlaL—r gks.ks

‘kD; vkgs- vkeps y{; tj vkn’kZ iq#”k cu.ks vlsy rj ;kdfjrk Lor%e/;s vkn’kZ

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xq.kkaph o mR—“V oSf’k”VÓkkaph ok< djkohp ykxsy- ;k dk;kZr ladYifu”B] /kS;Zoku o

lrr iz;RUk’khy jkg.kkjs O;fDrp ;’kLoh gksr vlrkr-

4- vkRefodkl & thou&lk/kusps vafre pj.k Eg.kts vkRefodkl gks;-

vkRefodkl Eg.kts vkReh;rspk fodkl dj.ks- loZlkekU;i.ks yksdkaps fparu o

O;ogkj] Lor%ps ‘kjhj] eu o dqVqackP;k lq[k&lks;h Ik;Zarp e;kZfnr vlrkr vkf.k rs

,[kk|k ?kk.;kP;k cSykaizek.ks vkiY;k thou&lainsyk ;kp ifj?kkr jkgwu u”V d#u

Vkdrkr- vkEgh gs y{kkr vlw |kos dh ekuoh O;fDreRo Eg.kts ijesÜojkph loZJs”B

dyk—rh vkgs- ;k ekxs R;kpk ,deso mÌs’; gkp vkgs dh euq”;kus l`f”Vph lqO;oLFkk

jk[k.;kr R;kP;k lg;ksxhph Hkwfedk fuHkokoh- ekuoh thoukP;k #ikus vkEgkyk th

vewY; la/kh feGkysyh vkgs] R;kyk ,[kk|k ew[kkZizek.ks vkEgh O;FkZ ?kkyow u;s-

Lor%P;k fLFkfrdMs c?khrY;kl vkEgkyk gs fnlwu ;sbZy dh ‘kjhj o dqVqackP;k

mfpr fuokZgkph O;oLFkk ykoY;kuarj vkeP;ktoG brdk osG o Je uDdhp f’kYyd

jkgrks dh R;kyk ijksidkjh dk;kZe/;s ykork ;sbZy- vkEgh Lor%P;k vkReh;rspk

foLrkj dsY;kl loZp yksda vkEgkyk vkeP;k ‘kjhj o dqVqach;kaizek.ks vkiysp fnlwu

;srhy vkf.k lok±ps nq%[k Eg.kts vkeps nq%[k o lok±ps lq[k gs vkiysp lq[k okVsy-

vkEgh nqlÚ;kadMwu T;k O;ogkjkph o lg;ksxkph vis{kk djrks] rlkp O;ogkj o

lg;ksx nqlÚ;kauk ns.;kph Hkkouk lq)k rsOgk eukr mpacGw ykxsy vkf.k ;keqGs

yksd&dY;k.kdkjh lsok lk/kuk dj.;kph bPNk tkx`r gksÅu r’kkp ;kstuk lq)k cuw

ykxrhy-

;k fLFkrhe/;s iksgkspysY;k O;Drhph n`”Vh e;kZfnr u jkgrk ve;kZfnr o

O;kid cuwu tkrs vkf.k R;kps dk;Z{ks= lq)k O;kid ifj?kkr lRizo`fÙkapk fodkl dj.ks

gksÅu tkrs- v’;k O;Drh vkiY;k vko’;drsyk deh d#u o thou fuokZgkP;k

dehr&deh vko’;drk Bsowu vkiY;k ckdh {kersyk o lainsyk Js”B mÌs’;kadfjrk

fu;ksftr djhr vlrkr- lkekftd thoukr T;k O;fDaruk eksBk lUeku izkIr gksrks]

txkP;k bfrgklkr T;k egkiq#”kkaps mTToy pkfj«; txexr vlrs] rs vkRefodklkP;k

;kp ekxkZps voyacu djhr egkursP;k mPp f’k[kjkIk;Zar tkÅu iksgkspys vkgsr-

thou lk/kusP;k ;k pkj pj.kkapk lfEeyhr iz;ksx] euq”;kyk mR—“V O;fDreRo

o mTToy pkfj«; iznku djhr vlrs- ;kdfjrk QDr fu”Bsph] fopkj ‘kfDrph o

n`<rsus R;kauk Lohdkj.;kph vko’;drk vlrs- vkfRed izxrhpk egky ;kp pkj

fHkarhauk feGwu cuysyk vkgs- pkj fn’ksizek.ks mRd”kZ lk/k.;kps gsp pkj eq[; vk/kkj

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vkgsr- mRd”kkZP;k map f’k[kjkoj p<.;klkBh ;k i)fryk Lohdkj.;kf’kok; nqljk

dks.krkgh ekxZ ukgh- thou lk/kuk gk oLrqr% ,d dYio`{kp vkgs] T;kP;k lkoyhr

jkgwu euq”; thoukrhy Js”Bre miyfC/kauk izkIr d# ‘kdrks] ;kr FkksMh lq)k ‘kadk

?ks.;kph vko’;drk ukgh-

loZ lqyHk lk/kuk & lsok

loZ izk.khek=kaph lsok dj.ks gs euq”;kps ije drZO; vkgs- ekuoh thoukyk

mR—“V o iw.kZ cufo.kkjh ,d egRokph lk/kuk Eg.kts lsok gks;- vusd izdkjP;k

ri’p;sZus] lk/kuk] deZdk.M o miklusus ts QG izkIr gksr ukgh] rs lsos}kjs euq”;kyk

lgt izkIr gksr vlrs- lalkjkpk R;kx d#u dBksj ri dj.kkÚ;k Hkxoku cq)kauk lq)k

‘ksoVh nq%[kh o ihfMrkaph lsok dj.;kph izsj.kkp ;k lalkjkr ijr ?ksÅu vkyh gksrh-

lqdjkr] ;s’kq f[kzLr] eksgEen] jke—“.k] xka/kh] n;kuan vkf.k izkphu dkGkrhy _f”k&

eg”khZapk thou ea= lsok/keZ gkp gksrk- thou y{;ki;Zar iksgksp.;kpk ekxZ lsok:ih

f’kMho:up tkr vlrks- gk ekxZ [kjks[kjp Kku] HkDrh] ri] ;ksx bR;knh ekxkZis{kkgh

eksBk vkgs- ;kdfjrk Kku] iq#”kkFkZ o lk/kukaph uOgs rj Hkkousph vko’;drk vlrs-

dkSLrqHk equh gs nhu&nq%[kh yksdkauk [kkÅ ?kkrY;kuarjp tso.k djhr vlr-

R;kapk gk fu;e vusd o”kkZiklwu pkyw gksrk- ijarq ,ds fno’kh R;kaP;k njokT;koj

dq.khgh R;kaph lsok ?ks.;klkBh vkys ukgh- ;keqGs rs Qkj nq%[kh >kys- rso<îkkrp R;kauk

,dk >kMk[kkyh dq”B jksxkus ihfMr vlysyk ,d Egkrkjk fnlyk- ;kykp bZ’ojkph

—ik letwu rs R;kaP;ktoG tkÅu iksgkspys vkf.k R;kyk Hkkstu xzg.k dj.;kph uez

fouarh R;kauh dsyh- rsOgk o`) Eg.kkyk & ^^eh tkrhus ‘kwæ vkgs- vkiY;k mnkjrsyk

izkIr dj.;kpk vf/kdkj ekÖ;klkj[;k ‘kwæ O;fDryk dlk dka vlw ‘kdrks \** ijarq

loZ= ,dkp ijesÜojkyk c?k.kkÚ;k dkSLrqHk equh dfjrk dq.kh O;Drh ‘kwæ dlk dka

vl.kkj\ R;kauh R;k o`) O;fDrps rlsp vkfrF; dsys] tls ,[kk|k mPp oxkZps dsY;k

tkrs-

thoukP;k mÌs’;kyk iw.kZ dj.;klkBh] varjkRE;kyk lek/kku ns.;klkBh]

yksddY;k.k o bZ’ojkyk izlUu dj.;klkBh] ekuorsP;k vkn’kk±uk mTToy Bso.;klkBh

Lor%ps uko egkiq#”kkaP;k fpjLej.kh; Js.kh e/;s uksanfo.;klkBh vkf.k Hkkjrh; /keZ o

laL—rhpk eku ok<fo.;klkBh lsok ekxZ gkp ,d vlk ekxZ vkgs] dh T;koj pky.ks

vkEgk lok±lkBh mfpr o vko’;d vkgs-

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lsospk vFkZ vkgs & nqlÚ;kaP;k dY;k.kkpk fopkj d#u R;kaP;k vko’;drsuqlkj

o vkiY;k ‘kfDruqlkj] Lor%’kh ‘kD; gks.kkÚ;k çR;sd mik;kus nqlÚ;kaP;k fgrkalkBh

dk;Z dj.ks- uhfrdkjkauh iz—rhps mnkgj.k nsrkauk EgVys vkgs & ^^u|k Lor%ps ik.kh

Lor% ihr ukghr] rj nqlÚ;kaph rgku feVfo.;klkBh R;k lrr izokghr gksr vlrkr-

o`{k Lor%ps QG Lor% [kkr ukgh] rj rs R;k QGkauk nqlÚ;klkBh vfiZr djrkr- ;kp

izek.ks lTtu o lsokHkkoh yksdkapk iSlk gk ,s’o;kZps izn’kZu o lq[kksiHkksxkalkBh ykxr

ukgh rj yksd lsok] lektkps dY;k.k o R;kaP;k fodklkdfjrkp rks [kpZ gksr vlrks-

unh] ryko] leqæ] o`{k] i’kq] lw;Z] paæ bR;knh loZ tsOgk lsok&/kekZyk

Lohdk#u vkiY;k drZO;kps ikyu djhr vlrkr] rsOgk vkEgh euq”;kauh ;k eaxye;

ekxkZoj pkywu Lor%P;k thoukyk /kU; dka d# u;s \ euq”; tUekyk lkFkZd dj.kkÚ;k

;k ekxkZyk T;kauh letys vkgs] R;kapsp uko bfrgklkP;k i`”Bkaoj usgehlkBh uksanfoY;k

xsys vkgs-

eFkqjs toGhy ,dk [ksMÓkkrhy ,d cky fo/kok fnolHkj tkR;koj nG.k

nGk;ps dke djhr vls- ;k}kjs rh jkst nksu vk.ks deok;ph o R;koj vkiyk mnkj

fuokZg djk;ph- ;k {kqYyd’kk mRiékrqup frus jkst nksu iSls ijekFkZ dk;kZlkBh

okpfoys- Egkrkji.kkIk;Zar gh jDde ,d gtkj #i;ki;Zar xsyh- ;k}kjs R;k o`) L=h us

eFkqjk&fnYyh ekxkZoj ,d iDdh foghj cufoyh- xksM o FkaM ik.;kph gh foghj

vktgh filugkjhph foghj Eg.kwu izfl) vkgs- tks ;k foghjhps FkaM xkj ik.kh firks o

;kpk bfrgkl ,sdrks] rks R;k nsokRE;kyk ‘kr&’kr iz.kke d#u vkiyh J)katyh

uDdhp p<for vlrks- vkeph Hkkouk o var%dj.k mnkj vlsy rj ijekFkkZdfjrk

dkgh dj.ks gs dq.kklkBhgh v’kD; ukgh-

vkiY;k nSuafnu thoukrwu nqlÚ;k vko’;d dk;k±izek.ks lsok&dk;k±lkBh lq)k

vkEgh dkgh osG fuf’pr djk;yk gok- vkeP;k var%dj.kkr usgeh lsok o`Ùkh vlkoh-

izR;sd dk;kZyk vkEgh iw.kZ bZekunkjhus o yksddY;k.kkP;k n`f”Vus djkos- vkiY;k

fopkjkr o O;ogkjkr lsosph çfr”Bkiuk vkEgh djkoh vkf.k nqlÚ;kauk lq[kh

dj.;klkBh] R;kaps nq%[k okVwu ?ks.;klkBh o ekxklysY;kauk iq<s vk.k.;klkBh] tsOgk

la/kh feGsy rsOgk vkf.k ftrdh ‘kD; gksbZy frrdh lsok] eu&opu&dekZus vkEgh

djhr jkgkoh-

vkiY;k fnup;sZe/kwu dkgh osG rj fuf’prp vkEgh lsok&dk;kZlkBh |k;yk

gok vkf.k ;k Økekyk opukps iDds vlysY;k iz.kohj lRiq#”kkaizek.ks vkthou

  126  

fuHkfo.;kpk iw.kZ iz;Ru vkEgh djk;yk gok- ;k Øeke/;s dkgh O;o/kku mRiUu

>kY;kl R;kyk iqUgk lq# dj.;kr vkEgh fnjaxkbZ d# u;s- izR;sd euq”; gk LFkkuh;

vko’;drk o ifjfLFkrhyk y{kkr ?ksÅu vkiY;k ‘kDrh&lkeF;kZuqlkj lsok dk;k±lkBh

dks.krkgh NksVk&eksBk dk;ZØe lgt cuow ‘kdrks-

ve`ryky BDdj gs bathfu;j gksrs- rs vLi`’;kae/;s dke djhr vlr- loZ=

iljysyh ?kk.k] vktkji.k o xjhcheqGs vLi`’;kaph fLFkrh R;k dkGkr Qkjp n;uh;

gksrh- BDdj vkiY;k ukSdjhrwu okpysY;k osGsyk nfyrkaP;k lsose/;s ykohr] QDr

,o<Ókk dk;kZusp vLi`’ÓkkaP;k fLFkfre/;s R;kauk Qkj eksBs ifjorZu fnlwu ;sÅ ykxys-

vkiys laiw.kZ thoup ;k iquhr dk;kZlkBh dka ykow u;s \ vlk fopkj d#u BDdj

;kauh ukSdjh lksMyh vkf.k xka/khthaP;k lg;ksxkus R;kuh gfjtu lq/kkj vkanksyukyk

ns’kO;kih cufoys- lektlsoh egkiq#”kkae/;s R;kaps ukao ;qxk;qxki;±r vfoLej.kh;

jkghy-

vkEgh lsosyk thoukrhy ,dk vfuok;Z ozrkP;k #ikus Lohdkjk;yk gos- gh

lk/kuk dq.khgh] dks.kR;kgh ifjfLFkrhe/;s d# ‘kdrks- ;kdfjrk dks.kR;kgh fo’ks”k

;ksX;rsph fdaok iS’kkph vko’;drk iMr ukgh- vkEgkyk lsok dj.;kph bPNk vlsy

rj vR;ar O;Lrrse/;s lq)k vkEgh R;klkBh osG dk<w ‘kdrks- ;kdfjrk vko’;drk

vkgs rj QDr mR—“V bPNsph o izcG Hkkousph- lsok dk;kZyk thou lk/kusps vax

letwu vkEgh vkaf’kd #ikus lq)k R;kyk vkiY;k thoukr vk.kw ‘kdrks- jkst Hkjiwj

osG ;klkBh [kpZ u djrk ,d&nksu rkl tjh vkEgh dk<ys rjh rs iqjsls vkgs vkf.k

brdk osG dk<.ks dq.kklkBhgh dBh.k ukgh- [ksG] euksjatu o bdMs&frdMs fQj.;kl

tk.;klkBh tsOgk vkEgh osG dk<w ’kdrks- rsOgk lsoslkj[;k mR—“V lk/kus dfjrk osG

dk<w u ‘kd.;kps dks.krsgh dkj.k fnlwu ;sr ukgh- ;kdfjrk ,[kk|k fuf’pr tkxsph

fdaok izn’kZu dj.;kph lq)k vko’;drk ulrs- [kjk lsod rj rksp vkgs tks vkiY;k

lsosps izn’kZu u djrk lrr lsok dk;Z djhr vlrks- lsok&dk;Z gs dq.kkph iz’kalk

izkIr dj.;klkBh dsY;k tkr ukgh rj R;kyk Lor%ps drZO; letwu dsY;k tkrs-

vkeP;k lsok&dk;kZeqGs QDr nqlÚ;kapsp Hkys gks.kkj] ;kr vkepk dkghp

Qk;nk ukgh] vlk fopkj dj.ks pqdhps vkgs- ;keqGs vkfRed lek/kku] izQqYyrk o

ln~Hkkous lkj[ks vusd fnO; xq.k vkeP;k O;fDreRokr fodflr gksrkr- mnkjrk] n;k]

lfg”.kqrk] d#.kk] ok.khrhy ek/kq;Z bR;knh vusd ln~xq.kkapk izknqHkkZo o fodkl ;keqGs

gksrks- lsokHkkoh euq”; gk nqlÚ;k lkekU; yksdkais{kk tkLr osxkus egkursdMs vxzslj gksr

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tkrks] ;kyk dkj.k gsp dh R;kyk nqlÚ;k yksdkais{kk tkLr ln~Hkkouk o lgdk;Z feGr

vlrs- O;fDreRoke/khy egkurk lq)k lsok&/kekZyk LohdkjY;kusp ;sr vlrs- egkRek

xka/kh vkiY;k vR;ar O;Lr dk;ZØekrwu lq)k lsokdk;k±lkBh osG dk<hr vlr R;kaP;k

lsok&fu”Bsusp R;kauk eksgunkl djepan xka/kh iklwu egkRek xka/khP;k LrjkIk;Zar usÅu

iksgkspfoys gksrs-

lsok lk/kuk gh euq”;ek=ka lkBh loZ n`f”Vus Qkj vko’;d vkgs- Lor%P;k

uSfrd] lkekftd] HkkSfrd o vkfRed mérh dfjrk lsok /kekZyk Lohdkj.ks loZ euq”;kaps

drZO; vkgs- lsok&Hkko Bso.kkÚ;k O;fDrus tkrh&/keZ o Li`’ÓkkLi`’ÓkrsP;k Hkkous iklwu

nwj vl.ks vko’;d vkgs- nhu&nq%[kh yksdkaph lsok dj.kkjk Lor% ijes’oj Lo:ip

vlrks- fuLokFkZ Hkkousus dsysyh lsok gh lrr Qyæwi gksr vlrs-

ckcklkgsc vkeVs gs ,d lkekU; odhy ek= gksrs- R;kaph bPNk vlrh rj

Lor%pk thoufuokZg rs vkjkekr d# ‘kdys vlrs- ijarq R;kaP;k var%dj.kkrwu QqVwu

iMysY;k ln~Hkkousus R;kP;k thoukph fn’kkp cnywu Vkdyh- viax o dq”B jksxkus

xzLr vlysY;k yksdkaP;k iquoZluklkBh R;kauh vkiys laiw.kZ vk;q”; ?kkyfoys- R;kauh

R;kauk Lokoyach cufoys vkf.k nqnSZokyk lq)k vkOgku fnY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs] ;k xks”Vhyk

fl) dsys- dq”B #X.kkaoj mipkj o ‘kY; fØ;k d#u R;kauk Lokoyach cufo.;kP;k ;k

dk;kZr R;kaP;k dqVqackus lq)k Qkj eksBs ;ksxnku fnys- ‘kklu o yksdkadMwu lq)k R;kauk

Hkjiwj lgdk;Z o lUeku feGkyk- vkt vkJekP;k lapkyukpk loZ [kpZ vkf.k

lHkksorkyP;k {ks=kr pky.kkÚ;k fo/ks;kRed dk;kZph tckcnkjh vkJekrhy Lokoyach

dq”Bjksxhp mpyr vlrkr- ts dq”B#X.k ,dsdkGh tkxks&tkxh fHkd ekxr fQjr gksrs]

R;kaP;klkBh rj ckcklkgsc vkeVs gs nsonwrp fl) >kys vkgsr-

T;k yksdkae/;s ln~Hkkouk Bklwu Hkjysyh vkgs] rs lsok/kekZyk fuHkfoY;kf’kok;

txwp ‘kdr ukgh- ifjfLFkrh d’khgh vlks] rs vkiY;k drZO;kyk uDdhp iw.kZ djrkr-

var%dj.kkrhy gh lfnPNkp R;kauk egku cufor vlrs-

ladVkuk ?kkc# u;s] R;kaP;k’kh y<k |kok

euq”;kph bPNk vlks ok ulks] thoukr cny ?kMowu vk.k.kkÚ;k ifjfLFkrh ;k

;srp jkgrkr- vkt mrkj vkgs rj m|k p<ko- thoukP;k ;k ;k=se/;s oj p<ysys

[kkyh iMrkr rj [kkyh iMysys Åap mBrkr- vkt ,dk cksVkP;k b’kkÚ;koj pky.kkjs

vusd f’k”; fnlwu ;srkr] rj m|k Lor%P;k lq[k&nq%[kkyk fopkjukjk lq)k dq.kh

ulrks- jad EgVY;k tk.kkjk ,d fnol /kuk<Ók curks] rj /kuk<Ók fu/kZu thoukr v’kk

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izdkjP;k ifjorZu’khy ifjfLFkrh ;sr&tkr jkg.ks gk nSokpk ,d lgt&LokHkkfod

fu;e vkgs- vf/kdka’k O;Drh gs lq[k&lqfo/kk] laiUurk] ykHk] o mUurhP;k fLFkrh e/;s

izlUu o lq[kh fnlwu ;srkr] ijarq nq%[k] [kMrji.kk o uqdlku lgu djkos ykxY;kl

nq%[kh o O;kdqG gksrkr- gk euq”;kP;k ,dkaxh n`f”Vdksukapkp ifj.kke vkgs vkf.k

;keqGsp d”V&[kMrjrk] vMh& vMp.kh] ladV ;klkj[;k ‘kCnkaph jpuk dj.;kr

vkyh vkgs- thoukr ifjorZu gs oLrqr% frrdsp egRokps vkf.k lgt&LokHkkfod

vkgsr] ftrds jk= o fnolkps tk.ks&;s.ks] _rqaps ikyV.ks vkf.k vkdk’kkr xzg&u{k=kaps

fofHkUu fLFkfre/;s xfr’khy jkg.ks] ijarq QDr lq[k] ykHk o vuqdwy ifjfLFkrhph bPNk

Bso.;kP;k ,dkaxh n`f”VdksukeqGsp euq”; gk nq%[k] d”V] ladV o foiérse/;s jMr

jkgrks vkf.k ;kdfjrk nqlÚ;kauk fdaok ijesÜojkyk nks”k nsrks- ijarq ;keqGs R;kP;k leL;k

deh u gksrk ok<rp tkrkr- d”V o [kMrjrk gh thoukrhy ,d lgt&LokHkkfod

fLFkrh vkgs- ;k okLrorsyk Lohdkj d#u euq”; R;k fLFkfryk Lor%lkBh mi;ksxh cuow

‘kdrks- T;k d”Vkae/;s o [kMrjrse/;s vusd yksda jMrkr o ekufld Dys’kkyk

vuqHkorkr] R;kp fLFkrhe/;s nqlÚ;k O;Drh uO;k&uO;k izsj.ksyk o mRlkgkyk izkIr

d#u ;’kkps oj.k djhr vlrkr- n`<+ eukscGkph O;Drh eksB&eksB;k dBh.k izlaxkauk

lq)k Lohdkj d#u izxfrP;k ;k=sr vxzslj gksr tkrs- ;kfo#) nwcZG eukph O;Drh gh

lkekU;’kk d”Vkae/;s lq)k fu”izk.k gksÅu clrs-

,[kk|k ifj{ksoj mrjY;kf’kok; dks.krhgh oLrq mR—“Vrsyk izkIr gksr ukgh vkf.k

rksIk;Zar frph dkgh fdaergh ulrs- lksus gs vXuhe/;s riqup ‘kq) o mi;ksxh curs-

dMd ÅUgke/;s riwup ‘ksrkrhy ihd Vap Hkjr vlrs- HkÍhr forGY;kuarjp yks[kaM

gs lkP;kr Vkd.;k;ksX; cur vlrs- vla[; yksda T;k ewrhZph iwtk djrkr] rh lq)k

rh{.k fNéhP;k vla[; vk?kkrkauk lgu d#u r;kj >kysyh vlrs- ifj{ksP;k vfXu

e/;s riwup dks.krhgh oLrq ‘kfDroku] lkSan;Z;qDr o mi;ksxh cur vlrs- euq”; gk

lq)k d”V] ladV o [kMrjrse/;s riqup mR—“V] lkSan;Zoku] izHkkoh o egRoiw.kZ cur

vlrks- thoukyk tkLr mR—“V o tkLr egRokps cuok;ps >kY;kl euq”;kyk

frrD;kp eksBÓkk d”Vkrwu] ladVkrwu o [kMrjrsrwu tkos ykxsy- okLrfodrk rj ghp

vkgs dh gs d”V] vMFkGs] nq%[k] fpark] nxnx] ijs’kkuh Eg.kts thoukph ijh{kk vkgs-

;k ijh{ksr mr#up euq”;kP;k O;fDreRoke/;s pdkdh ;sr vlrs-

izfrdwy ifjfLFkrh ;k euq”;kP;k thoukr egRokps LFkku Bsohr vlrkr- ;kauk

eksdGîkk var%dj.kkus Lohdkj d#u Lor%pk ekufld fodkl dsY;k tkÅ ‘kdrks- v’kk

  129  

[kMrj ifjfLFkrh’kh eqDr gLrkus [ksGY;kus euq”;kph bPNk’kDrh izcG gksr tkrs vkf.k

eksBs&eksBs dke dj.;kph {kerk R;kyk izkIr gksrs- v’kk fLFkfre/;s euq”;kP;k vkarfjd

‘kDrh ,df=r o laxfBri.ks dke d# ykxrkr- thoukrhy dks.krhgh lk/kuk v’kkp

[kMrj ekxkZo#u tkÅu iw.kZ gksr vlrs- v’kk izdkjs euq”; ;k dBh.k ifjfLFkfrauk]

R;kyk okVys rj ojnku lq)k cuow ‘kdrks vkf.k okVys rj vfHk’kki lq)k- vkt

vko’;drk ;k xks”Vhph vkgs dh ;k ifj{ksr ;’kLoh gks.;kps iz;Ru vkEgh lksMw u;sr-

Lor%P;k lk/kusyk vkEgh pkyw Bsokos- tks euq”; ;k d”V o [kMrjrsps eksdGÓkk

var%dj.kkus Lokxr djrks] R;kP;klkscr eueksdGsi.kkus [ksGrks- rks Lor% rj R;kiklwu

feG.kkÚ;k ykHkkauk izkIr djrksp] R;kf’kok; nqlÚ;kadfjrk rks izsj.kspk L=ksr o ,d

vkn’kZ lq)k cuwu tkrks- ,dk HksdM lSfudkyk ;q)krwu iGrkauk c?kwu nqljs lSfud

lq)k R;kekxs iG dk<w ykxrkr- ;kfo#) tks ‘kqj&ohj vkiY;k drZO;kyk lkeksjs

tkÅu d”Vkae/;s lq)k y<r jkgrks] R;kyk c?kwu nqljs lSfud lq)k R;kiklwu izsj.kk o

mRlkgkyk izkIr djrkr o ‘kkS;kZus y<r jkgrkr-

;k txkr ,dgh vlk euq”; fnlwu ;s.kkj ukgh- T;kyk vkiY;k thoukr

ladVkpk lkeuk djkok ykxyk ulsy- fnol&jk=h izek.ks lq[k&nq%[kkps dkypØ lq)k

lrr fQjr vlrs- fnolkuarj jk=hps ;s.ks T;kçek.ks fuf’pr vkgs] rlsp lq[kkuarj

nq%[kkps ;s.ks lq)k vfuok;Z vkgs- ;keqGs euq”;kP;k lkglkph] /kS;kZph] lfg”.kqrk o

vk/;kfRedrsph ifj{kk gksr vlrs- ladVa gs nwljs&frljs dkghgh ulwu vkeP;k leksj

vkysY;k izfrdwy ifjfLFkrhp vlrkr- vkEgh T;k oLrqaph o T;k ifjfLFkfraph bPNk

djrks] R;k iw.kZ u gks.ks] ;kykp foiÙkh EgVY;k tkrs- vkEgh vkeP;k thoukyk dk

lk/ks] Lokoyach o lfg”.kq cufoY;kl vkEgkyk foiÙkhpk lkeuk deh djkok ykxsy

vkf.k letk djkokp ykxyk- rjh R;kyk glr&[ksGr] o ln~Hkkousus Lohdk#u

vkEgkyk R;koj rkck feGfork ;sbZy- deZ{ks=kr iw.kZ fgaerhus iq<s tk.;klkBh ns.;kr

vkysys vkOgku Eg.ktsp foiÙkh gks;- vkEgh R;kiklwu eqGhp ?kkc# u;s- cjsp’kh ladV

rj uqlrh dkYifud vlrkr- NksVÓkk&NksVÓkk xks”Vhauk vfr egRo nsÅu vkEgh

foukdkj.k vkiY;k lHkksorky fHkrhph Hkqra mHkh djhr vlrks-

lqcks/k jk; ;kapk tUe if’pe caxky ;sFks >kyk gksrk- ek= 6 o”kkZps vlrkauk

,ds fno’kh >ksiysY;k voLFksrp] R;kaph us= T;ksrh fu?kwu xsyh- v’kk fLFkfrr

Kku&p{kqpk mi;ksx dj.;kpk fu’p; R;kauh dsyk- R;kauh va/k&fo|ky;kr izos’k ?ksryk

vkf.k ,e-,- ph ifj{kk izFke Js.kh e/;s mÙkh.kZ dsyh- f’k”;o`Ùkh feGkY;keqGs rs iq<hy

  130  

f’k{k.kklkBh baXyS.M o vesfjdsyk xsys- R;kaP;k rYy[k cq)hyk c?kwu ,dk caxkyh

fonq”kh L=h us R;kaP;klkscr yXu dsys- MkW- lqcks/k jk; ;kauh ih-,p-Mh- dsY;kuarj

vkiys thou va/k&fo|ky; cufo.;kr vkf.k R;kaP;k dY;k.kklkBh fofo/k laLFkk

mHkkj.;kr ykowu Vkdys- vkeP;k thoukr v’kh vusd ladVa ;sÅ ‘kdrkr] T;kauk

fgaerhus lkeksjs tkÅu lq)k rs vkeps vfu”V djrkrp- ijarq v’kk fLFkfrr vkEgh

R;kauk bZ’ojh; fo/kku letwu lg”kZ Lohdkl;yk gos- ;keqGs vkeps vkarfjd eukscG

ok<sy vkf.k vkEgh eksBeksBîkk dBh.k ifjfLFkrhapk lkeuk dj.;kr lq)k leFkZ cuw-

izR;sd ifjfLFkrhr vkEgh Lor%P;k eukyk larqfyr] ‘kkar o fLFkj Bsok;yk gos-

Lor%is{kk tkLr Jhear o lq[kh yksdkauk c?kwu R;kaP;k’kh bZ”;kZ dj.;k,soth fdaok fujk’k

gks.;k,soth vkeP;kis{kk tkLr nq%[kh] ‘kfDrghu o vHkkoxzLr fLFkfrr jkg.kkÚ;k

vla[; yksdkadMs c?kwu vkEgh gk larks”k djkok dh Hkxoarkus vkEgkyk lq[kh d#u

vkeP;koj Qkj eksBh —ikp dsysyh vkgs-

ladVa gh QDr detksj] HksdM vkf.k vkG’kh o fu#|ksxh yksdkaukp ?kkcjfor

vlrkr- rhp R;kauk /kedkforkr o gjforkr lq)k] ijarq ts R;kapk lkeuk dj.;klkBh

usgeh dacj dlwu r;kj vlrkr] R;kaP;k vf/kdkj{ks=kr rh jkgrkr] ;k okLrfodrsyk

vkEgh usgeh Lej.kkr Bsokos- v’kk izdkjP;k n`< ladfYir o deZB O;Drh Lor%P;k

thoukr d/khp fujk’k gksr ukghr] rj rs nqlÚ;k fujk’k o grk’k O;fDralkBh Lor%p

,d izsj.kk dsaæ cuwu tkrkr- jke] —“.k] egkohj] cq)] bZlk] eqgEen] Lokeh n;kuan]

egkRek xka/kh bR;knh egkiq#”kkaps thou vusd ladVkauh Hkjysys vkEgkyk fnlwu ;srs-

ijarq R;kauh ;kph iokZ d/khp dsyh ukgh vkf.k rs vkiY;k drZO; ekxkZoj lrr]

vfopy xrhus o fufoZ?ui.ks iq<s tkr jkghys- ;keqGsp rs vkiY;k mÌs’;ke/;s ;’kLoh

>kys vkf.k Eg.kwup vkt laiw.kZ tx R;kauk bZ’ojh; vorkj ekurs o R;kaps iwtu

djrs-

ladVka’kh o [kMrjrs‘kh la?k”kZ dj.;krp vkepk [kjk iq#”kkFkZ vkgs- vkEgkyk

dkgh egRokps dk;Z djk;ps vlrhy rj R;kr vusd ladVkapk lkeuk dj.;klkBh

vkEgh r;kj jkgk;yk gos- ;k jgL;kyk letwu ts /kS;Z Bsowu vkiY;k dkekae/;s

ykxrkr] rsp ;k txkr lq[kh letY;k tkrkr- euq”;kP;k /kS;kZph [kjh ifj{kk lq[kkis{kk

nq%[kkrp tkLr gksr vlrs- egkiq#”kkae/;s gs oSf’k”Bîk vlrs dh rs nq%[kkae/;s lq)k

lkekU; euq”;kizek.ks v/khj gksr ukghr- nq%[kkauk izkjC/k dekZpk Hkksx letwu rs R;kyk

izlUursus lgu djrkr- vkiY;k fiz;tukaP;k fo;ksxkus vkEgh O;kdqG gksrks- vkeP;k ;k

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O;kdqGrsyk c?kwu rs ijr ;srkr dka \ tj rs ;sÅ ‘kdr ukgh rj R;kaP;klkBh O;kdqG

gks.ks O;FkZp vkgs- thoukrhy vko’;d xjtk tsOgk vkEgkyk izkIr gksr ukghr] rsOgk

lq)k vkEgh O;kdqG gksrks- NksVh&eksBh ladVa leksj vkY;kl Lor%ps ekufld larqyu

vkEgh xekowu clrks- toG vlysY;k vHkkokauk nwj dj.;kis{kk vkf.k ;k ladVkuk ikj

dj.;kpk ekxZ ‘kks/k.;kis{kk vkEgh vkiY;k osGsyk o ‘kfDryk R;kiklwu ?kkcj.;krp

[kpZ djrks] v’kk fLFkfrr vkEgh dk; djkos \ dqBs tkos \ v’kk v/khj fopkjkauh

nq%[kh gksÅu vkEgh jMr jkgrks- ;k txkr ,dgh v’kh O;Drh vkEgkyk vk<G.kkj

ukgh] th foiÙkhyk lkeksjh xsyh ulsy o R;kpk dVw Lokn frus pk[kyk ulsy] rsOgk

vkEgh v/khj o O;kdqG dka Ogkos \ foosdoku o vfoosdh O;ÇDre/;s gkp Qjd

vlrks- Egkrkji.k] ej.k o vktkji.k gs nksUgh O;fDrauk ;srkr] ijarq ew[kZ O;Drh gh

;keqGs nq%[kh gksÅu vkiY;k foiÙkhauk vk.k[kh tkLr ok<owu ?ksr vlrs-

dks.kR;kgh egkiq#”kkps thou pfj= vkEgh okpY;kl R;kr d”V o [kMrjrspk

,d thoar bfrgklp vkEgkyk c?krk ;sbZy- ,[kk|k mÌs’ÓkklkBh vk;q”;Hkj dBh.k

ifjfLFkfr’kh y<r jkg.ks Eg.ktsp egkiq#”k gks.ks vkgs- v’kk [kMrjrse/kwu xsY;kf’kok;

dq.kkykgh vkiys y{; xkBrk ;sr ukgh- fo}ku yksda Eg.krkr dh T;k y{;iwfrZpk

ekxZ [kMrjrse/kwu tkr ukgh] R;kP;k egkursfo”k;h ‘kadkp djk;yk goh- bfrgklkr]

vls vusd egkiq#”k gksÅu xsys vkgsr] ts vusd izdkjP;k vlqfo/kse/;s jkghysr vkf.k

R;kauk d”Vkapk lkeuk djkok ykxyk- ;klkscrp vusd vls egku yksda lq)k >kys

vkgsr] T;kauk thoukr dks.kR;kgh izdkjph xSjlks; uOgrh] lk/ku lqfo/ksus ifjiw.kZ vls

R;kaps thou gksrs] rjh lq)k dBh.k dk;kZauk gkrkr ?ksÅu R;kauh LosPNsus d”Vkauk

vkeaf=r dsys-

fczVsups iz/kkuea=h pfpZy gs ckyi.kh rksrjs cksyr vlr- R;kauh vkiY;k

ok.khoj rkck feGfo.;kpk n`< fu’p; dsyk vkf.k ?kksj ifjJe d#u ‘ksoVh ,d fnol

rs ,d dq’ky oDrk cuysr- Lor%P;k O;fDreRokyk iw.kZRokIk;Zar iksgkspfo.;k lkBhp

Hkkjrh; _”kh&equhauh d”V&lk/; thoukyk Lohdkjys gksrs- d”V o [kMrjrse/kwu xsysyh

O;Drh nqlÚ;kaP;k nq%[k o osnusyk tkLr pkaxY;k izdkjs vuqHkor vlrs vkf.k vkiY;k

iw.kZ lkeF;kZfu’kh rh R;kaph enr dj.;kpk iz;Ru djrs- v’kk yksdkae/;s lgkuqHkwrh]

lkSgkæZrk] lgdk;Z o laosnus lkj[ks nSoh xq.k LokHkkfodi.ks vlrkr- d”Vkapk vuqHko

?ksrysyh O;Drh nqlÚ;kauk =kl o nq%[k ns.;kiklwu ?kkcjrs- d”V gs euq”;kP;k

vgadkjkyk u”V d#u R;kr fouezrsps rlsp J)k o HkDrhps Hkko Hkjrs- v’kk izdkjs

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d”V o [kMrjrsP;k —iseqGs R;kyk vusd fofo/k izdkjps ln~xq.k izkIr gksrkr vkf.k

R;kps pkfj«; pdkdw ykxrs- ;keqGs euq”; LoLF; o lqn`< curks- d”Vkus defoysY;k

lq[k&lk/kukae/;s ftrds lek/kku vlrs] frrds lgti.ks izkIr >kysY;k lk/kukae/;s

vlr ukgh- ekuoh thouklkBh [kMrjrk gh ojnku Lo#ip fl) gksr vlrs- T;k

O;Drh ;kyk foosd o iq#”kkFkkZph dlksVh letrkr] rs ;krwu tk.;klkBh ekxsiq<s c?kr

ukghr- v’kk O;Drh thoukrhy okLrfod lq[kkyk o ‘kkarrsyk izkIr d#u ?ksr

vlrkr- QDr lq[k&lks;hauh ;qDr vls thou gsp viw.kZ vlrs- euq”; tksIk;Zar

nq%[kkapk vuqHko ?ksr ukgh o d”Vkauk lgu djhr ukgh] rksi;Zar rks viw.kZp vlrks-

O;fDreRokP;k iw.kZrsdfjrk nq%[k o d”Vkaps vl.ks Qkj vko’;d vkgs- nq%[kkP;k

vfXue/;s riY;kf’kok; euq”;kps ekufld nks”k nwj gksr ukghr vkf.k rksIk;Zar euq”;

vkiY;k okLrfod Lo:ikyk lq)k izkIr gksr ukgh- ftFks nq%[kkph vuqHkwrh ukgh] frFks

bZ’ojkph vuqHkwrh gks.ks lq)k v’kD;p vkgs- Eg.kwup HkDrkauh] bZ’ojkps lkfu/; izkIr

dj.;klkBh nq%[kkyk ,dk lk/kukP;k #ikus lg”kZ Lohdkj dsys vkgs- d”V o [kMrjrsyk

nq%[kkps ewG dkj.k letwu ts ;kiklwu nwj iGrkr] v’kkauk gs d”V nq%[k #ikusp feGr

vlrkr- ;kfo#) T;k cqf)eku O;Drh ;kauk lq[kkps ewG letwu ;kaps Lokxr djrkr]

v’kk yksdkalkBh rs d”V ,[kk|k nsonwrkaizek.ks ojnku ns.kkjs fl) gksrkr- vkEgh QDr

lq[k] izlUurk] ykHk o ;’kkphp vkdka{kk Bsohr vlrks vkf.k nq%[k] dBh.k ifjfLFkrh]

ladVa o leL;s iklwu nwj iGrks- v’kk fLFkfrr rj vkeP;krhy vf/kdka’k yksda jMw

ykxrkr vkf.k fpark] ‘kksd] Dys’k o v’kkarrse/;s jkgwu vosGhp vkiY;k thoukyk

u”V d#u ?ksrkr- ;kfo#) vls yksda lq)k ;k txkr vlrkr ts ;kp d”Vkauk o

dBh.k ifjfLFkfrauk vkiY;k fodklkps] mRFkkukps] egkursps o izxrhps lk/ku cuowu

?ksrkr- dBh.k ifjfLFkrhr jMr jkg.;k,soth R;kaP;k lek/kkukpk ekxZ ‘kks/k.ks gkp R;k

vktkjkpk ;ksX; mipkj vkgs] Eg.kwu ladVdkGh vkiY;k laiw.kZ cqf)yk] foosd o

iz;Rukauk ;kaP;k lek/kkukdfjrk ykowu |k;yk gos- ;keqGs vkEgkyk rhu ykHk çkIr

gksrhy- ¼1½ tsOgk vkeP;k loZ ‘kDrh ,dkxz gksÅu ,dk Bjkfod {ks=kr dke d#

ykxrhy rsOgk lek/kkudkjd ;’k vkEgkyk feGsy- ¼2½ ;klkscrp R;k dk;Z dj.kkÚ;k

‘kDrh tkLr lkeF;Zoku o fodflr gksr tkrhy vkf.k ¼3½ vkeP;k cqf)e/;s] foosd

o vuqHkoke/;s ok< gksbZy- euq”; gk dkekr lrr O;Lr jkghY;keqGs] leksj ,[kkns

d”V vkY;kl R;kyk ‘kksd] fpark o O;kdqGrse/;s Mqcwu jkg.;klkBh osGp feG.kkj

ukgh- d”V o [kMrjrse/kwu xsY;kus euq”; gk lqn`<] izcq) o vuqHkoh cur vlrks- gh

  133  

thoukph rh dlksVh vkgs] T;kr vkeP;k vkn’kk±ps] uSfrdrsps o ‘kÇDrps [kjs

ewY;ekiu gksr vlrs-

usiksfy;u gs Qkj Bsax.ks gksrs- rs ,dk xjhc ?kjkr tUekyk vkys gksrs- ;k nksUgh

dkj.kkaeqGs R;kauk R;kaP;k vkjafHkd thoukr cjkp migkl o frjLdkj lgu djkok

ykxyk- ;keqGs vusdnk R;kaP;k eukr foæksgkph Hkkouk lq/nk mRiUu >kyh- rjh i.k rs

‘kkar jkghysr- yksdkaph rksaMa rsOgkp can >kyh] tsOgk R;kaP;k oSf’k”VÓkkeqGs izHkkfor

gksÅu ,dk jktdqekjhus R;kaP;k’kh yXu dsys-

foiÙkh vkY;kf’kok; foosd tkx`r gksr ulrks- [kÚ;k Kkukph dlksVh ghp vkgs

dh] rs Kku d”Vkusa feGfoysys vlkos- izfl) dknacjhdkj eqa’kh izsepan ;kauh fyghys

vkgs] ^^foiÙkhis{kk eksBk vuqHko ns.kkjh ‘kkGk vkti;Zar dqBsp m?kMyh ukgh**- ladVa

Eg.kts ekuoh fodklkph lk/kus vkgsr- T;kizek.ks lksU;kyk vXuh e/;s rkifoY;kus R;kr

pdkdh ;srs] Bhd R;kp izek.ks [kÚ;k euq”;kps thou gs [kMrjrsP;k vXuhe/;s ifjiDo

gksr vlrs- egkRek xka/kh] cq)] ;s’kq f[kzLr bR;knh egkiq#”kkauk Lor%P;k thoukr

inksinh ;k d”Vka’kh y<kos ykxys gksrs] rsOgkp rs eksB&eksBÓkk lkekftd o jktfufrd

Økarhps lapkyu d# ‘kdys- foiÙkh e/;s euq”;kP;k ekufld ‘kDrh ;k vareqZ[kh gksr

vlrkr- ;keqGs R;kyk lR;&vlR;kps] vkiY;k o ijD;kaps okLrfod Kku izkIr gksrs-

vkReh; yksdkaph o [kÚ;k fe=kph vksG[k lq)k dBh.k izlaxkrp gksr vlrs- vkepk

okLrfod fgrÇprd dks.k vkf.k dks.k vkeP;k’kh diVkpk] /kwrZrspk O;ogkj djhr

vkgs] ;kph [kjh ifj{kk lq)k ladVkrp gksr vlrs- lUekxkZoj pky.kkÚ;k O;fDrph

[kjh ifj{kk dBh.k izlaxkrp gksr vlrs- ;kyk vls ojnku Eg.krk ;sbZy] T;kyk nsÅu

ijesÜoj vkEgkyk Lor%toG cksyfor vlrks vkf.k vkiY;k ifo= ekaMhoj vkEgkyk

clfo.;kph R;kph bPNk vlrs- foiÙkh Eg.kts rh ysFk e’khu vkgs] T;koj ?kklwu

ijekRek ujjRukae/;s pdkdh vkf.kr vlrks-

,dk 63 o”kkZP;k vka/kGÓkk O;Drhyk R;kP;k dqVqackrhy nqlÚ;k lnL;kauh

viekfur dsys- ;keqGs R;kpk LokfHkeku nq[kkoY;k xsyk- U;wthysaMP;k ,dk mPpHkzw

yksdkaP;k oLrh e/;s R;kus Lor%lkBh ?kj cufo.;kl lq#okr dsyh- ?kjkpk udk’kk

R;kus vkiY;k MksD;krp fuf’pr dsyk gksrk o R;kuqlkj R;kus dk;kZph lq#okr lq)k

dsyh- vMhp o”kkZIk;Zar lrr Je ?ksrY;kuarj R;kus ,d v’kh HkO; bekjr mHkh dsyh

dh] T;kph dYiuk ,d lq;ksX; bathfu;j lq)k d# ‘kdr uOgrk-

  134  

;k ?kjkyk c?k.kkjs vkt lq)k vk’p;Zpfdr gksrkr- vkt U;wthySaM ‘kklukus ;k

?kjkyk ‘kklfd; laiÙkh Eg.kwu ?kksf”kr dsys vkgs o ;kyk lkoZtfud izn’kZuhP;k #ikus

lqjf{kr Bsoys vkgs- ;k egku dykdkjkps uko vkgs&Ýkafll , ojMsV- LokfHkeku

nq[kkoY;keqGs ojMsV e/;s dyspk vlk L=ksr QqVwu iMyk dh rks ,dk egku

dykdkjkP;k #ikus vej >kyk-

ifjorZu gk ;k txkpk LokHkkfod xq.k vkgs- tx gs ,dlkj[ks d/khp jkgw ‘kdr

ukgh- txkrhy izk.;kayk ,dkp fLFkfre/;s jkgwu&jkgwu daVkGk ;sÅ u;s vkf.k ;k

lalkjkiklwu rs fojDr gksÅ u;s] ;kdfjrkp ijesÜojkus ifjorZukyk thoukpk ,d

vfuok;Z fu;e cufoys vkgs- d”V o dBh.k ifjfLFkfrps vkxeu lq)k ;kp

ifjorZu’khyrs varxZr gksr vlrs- ekuoh thou Eg.kts la?k”kkZus Hkjysyh izfØ;k vkgs-

thoukr ;s.kkÚ;k ifjorZukaph fHkrh okV.ks o R;kaP;k’kh la?k”kZ u djrk MksGk pqdowu nwj

iG.ks Eg.kts euq”;kpk ,d Qkj eksBk H;kMi.kk vkgs- euq”; tksIk;Zar thoar vkgs]

R;kyk thoukr ;s.kkÚ;k ifjorZu’khy mrkj&p<kokapk vkf.k cuU;k&fc?kM.kkÚ;k

vuqdwy&izfrdwy ifjfLFkfrpk lkeuk djkokp ykxsy vkf.k lq[k&nq[k] Qk;nk&rksVk]

;’k& vi;’k] lqfo/kk o [kMrjrs e/;s R;kyk tkosp ykxsy- R;k ;s.kkjp vkf.k

euq”;kyk R;kaP;k’kh y<k |kokp ykxsy- ;kr ‘kD; vkgs dh] ,[kknh H;kM O;Drh ;k

ladVkapk ekj [kkÅu] jMr&rM+Qr ;kauk ikj djsy] rj ,[kknk lkglh Lor%P;k

vkRecGkpk o iq#”kkFkkZpk lgkjk ?ksÅu ;kauk vkiY;k vuqdwy cuowu ?ksbZy- euq”;kP;k

thoukr letk dBh.k izlax vkysp ukghr rj rks jsYosP;k ,dk lkekU;’kk pkdkizek.ks

fu#Rlkgkus ?kjaxGr tkÅu vkiys thou O;rhr djsy- R;kyk Lor%P;k vykSfdd

‘kDrhauk] R;kaP;k {kersyk] vn~Hkwr es/kk o ‘kfDr’kkyh foosdcqf/nP;k peRdkjkauk

c?k.;kph la/khp feG.kkj ukgh- ladV ;s.ks gk rj ;k txkpk LokHkkfod /keZ vkgs- rs

;s.kkj o usgeh ;sr jkg.kkj- R;kiklwu ?kkc# udk o iG.;kpk iz;Ru lq)k d# udk]

rj vkiY;k iw.kZ vkRecGkus] lkgl o ‘kkS;kZus R;kpk lkeuk djk- R;koj fot; feGok

vkf.k thoukr eksB~Ókkr eksBk ykHk izkIr djk-

f’k{k.kp uOgs rj fo|k lq)k vko’;d

Kkukps nksu vax vkgsr & ,d f’k{k.k rj nqljh fo|k- f’k{k.k R;kyk Eg.krk

;sbZy] ts ‘kkGk&egkfo|ky;kr f’kdfoY;k tkrs- ;kyk izkIr d#up yksd xzsTkq,V]

DydZ] MkWDVj] odhy] bathfuvj] izksQslj oxSjs cur vlrkr- mithfodslkBh vkf.k

yksd&O;ogkjkr uSiq.; feGfo.;klkBh gs vko’;d lq/nk vkgs- gs ;kdfjrk lq)k

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vko’;d vkgs dh] ;kf’kok; lkalkfjd thoukr LFkS;Z ;sr ukgh vkf.k mUurhpk ekxZ

eksdGk gksr ukgh- ijarq ;kis{kkgh tkLr egRokph o vko’;d vkgs&fo|k- T;k Kkukyk

feGowu euq”; vkiY;k ekU;rsyk] Hkkousyk] bPNk&vkdka{kk o vkn’kk±uk fuekZ.k djrks]

R;kp Kkukyk fo|k EgVY;k tkrs- ;kyk izkIr dj.;kps lk/ku ‘kkGk&dkWyst uOgs rj

Lok/;k;& lRlaxk}kjsp gs Kku feGr vlrs- fparu&euu d#u] lRlkfgR;kpk vH;kl

d#u] lTtu O;ÇDrlkscr jkgwu vkf.k R;kaph opus ,sdwu o R;kP;k dk;k±uk c?kwu

fo|sph izkIrh gksr vlrs-

v{kjkaph vksG[k vkf.k R;kP;k enrhus txkrhy fofHkUu ifjfLFkfrps Kku izkIr

dj.;kyk f’k{k.k EgVY;k tkrs- bfrgkl] Hkwxksy] xf.kr] HkkSfrd’kkL=] izk.kh’kkL=]

jlk;u’kkL=] vkjksX; foKku] O;kdj.k] Hkk”kk] ukxfjd ‘kkL=] vFkZ’kkL= o lekt’kkL=k

lkj[ks fo”k; gs f’k{k.kk varxZr ;sr vlrkr- Kkukps mPp Lo#i Eg.kts fo|k gks;-

Kkukpk vFkZ gksrks & Lor%P;k HkkoukRed Lrjkyk v’kk izdkjs cufo.ks dh lkalkfjd

;’k rj R;kus izkIr djkosp- R;kf’kok; vk/;kfRed o vkarfjd ‘kfDaruk tkx`r d#u

lq[k&’kkarh lq)k feGokoh- fo|sph O;k[;k djrkauk ‘kkL=dkj Eg.krkr & ^^lk fo|k

;k foeqDr;s**] vFkkZr fo|k R;kyk Eg.krk ;sbZy th vkEgkyk eqDrh iznku djsy-

T;k}kjs vkEgh jksx] ‘kksd] }s”k] iki] nhurk] okluk] xjhch] csdkjh] vHkko] vKku]

dqlaLdkj] bR;knhaP;k xqykeh iklwu eqDr gksÅ] ;kykp fo|k EgVY;k tkrs vkf.k v’kh

fo|k izkIr dj.kkjsp fo}ku EgVY;k tkrkr-

vktps f’k{k.k gs ojhy dlksVhoj FkksMslq)k [kjs fl) gksr ukgh- thoukpk ,d

r`rh;ka’k Hkkx ‘kkGk&dkWystkr ?kkyfoY;kuarj fo|kFkhZ tsOgk ckgsj iMrkr] rsOgk ojhy

ca/kukiklwu eqDr gks.;kps rj nwjp] myV R;k ca/krkr rs tkLr tdMY;k tkrkr- ‘khy]

vkjksX;] la;e] foosd] fou;] J)k] mRlkg] ‘kkS;Z] lsok] lg;ksx ;klkj[ks fo|s}kjs

feG.kkjs LokHkkfod xq.k R;k fo|kF;k±e/;s tsOgk fnlwu ;sr ukghr] rsOgk R;kauh fo|k

izkIr dsyh vkgs fdaok rs fo}ku >kys vkgsr] vls dls Eg.krk ;sbZy \

euq”; T;k lk/ku&i)fr}kjs Kkukyk izkIr djrks R;kykp f’k{k.k EgVY;k tkrs-

euq”;kyk ekuorsus laié dj.ks gkp f’k{k.kkpk ewG mÌs’; vkgs- euq”;ke/;s tsOgk

ekuorsps cht fo|eku vkgsr] rsOgk R;kyk iw.kZ euq”;Rok Ik;Zar usÅu iksgkspfo.ks vkf.k

R;kP;k fparu] pkfj«; o vkpj.kkr] xq.k&deZ o LoHkkokr mR—“Vrsyk vadqfjr fdaok

çLQqVhr dj.ks gkp f’k{k.kkpk ewG mÌs’; vlk;yk gok- ijarq vktP;k f’k{k.kkpk

mÌs’; QDr iSlk defo.ks gkp gksÅu clyk vkgs- f’k{k.k vkVksiY;kuarj vktpk

  136  

fo|kFkhZ tsOgk dkWyst e/kwu ckgsj iMrks rsOgk R;kP;k MksD;kr ,dp fopkj vlrks] rks

Eg.kts pkaxY;kr&pkaxyh ukSdjh izkIr dj.ks vkf.k T;k ekxkZus ‘kD; gksbZy] R;k ekxkZus

tkLrhr&tkLr iSlk defo.ks-

vkEgh bFks f’k{k.kkps egRo deh djhr ukgh fdaok R;kyk vuqi;ksxh lq)k

Eg.kr ukgh- f’k{k.kkP;k vusd miyC/kh vkt lk/ku&lqfo/ksP;k #ikus loZ= fnlwu ;sr

vkgsr- fo/kk;d fn’ksr >kysys f’k{k.kkps iz;Ru gs iz’kaluh; vkgsr- ijarq rs R;k xkbZ&

cSykaizek.ks o ?kksMÓkkaizek.ksp vkgsr] ts vkiY;k rhoz osxkus l`tu fdaok fo/oalk lkj[;k

dks.kR;kgh fn’ksr /kkow ‘kdrkr- fo|seqGs mRiUu gks.kkÚ;k lqlaLdkjkpk o varjaxkP;k

egkurspk vadq’k ;koj ulY;kus euq”;kps LosPNkpkjh cu.;kph iwjsiwj laHkkouk ;kr

vkgs- Eg.kwup vkt f’k{k.kklkscr fo|spk leUo; dj.;kph Qkj tkLr vko’;drk

;sÅu iMysyh vkgs-

f’k{k.kkpk mÌs’; gk ukSdjh fdaok iSlk defo.ks ukgh] rj fo|spk foLrkj dj.ks

vkgs- ns’kkP;k xkSjokps] Lor%P;k izfr”Bsps vkf.k lektkr lq[k&le`)h] la;e o

pkfj«;kps j{k.k dj.ks] rlsp /kekZP;k Hkkousyk tkx`r dj.ks] Lor%yk lq/kkj.ks vkf.k

lPpfj=oku cufo.ks gsp f’k{k.kkps /;s; vkgs- gs y{; xkB.ks tj ‘kD; >kys rj

vktP;k ;k rFkkdfFkr f’k{k.k#ih ‘kjhjkr fo|k#ih izk.k’kfDrph izfr”Bkiuk iqUgk

dj.;kr vkyh] vlsp letk;yk gos-

f’k{k.k o fo|k gs vax euq”; tkrhP;k lexz fodklkdfjrk vko’;d o

egRokps vkgsr- f’k{k.k gs O;fDrP;k lok±xh.k HkkSfrd fodklkdfjrk mÙkjnk;h vkgs] rj

fo|k gh euq”;kP;k vkarfjd {ks=kph ‘kq)rk] ifj”dkj o fodklklkBh vko’;d vkgs-

f’k{k.k gs euq”;kP;k ckgÓk thoukyk lqfodflr djrs rj fo|k varjxkyk] f’k{k.k gs

lkalkfjd ;ksX;rsyk vkf.k izfrHksyk ok<fors rj fo|k euq”;kyk lqlaLdkj] mnkj o mnkÙk

cufors- R;kP;k O;fDreRokyk Js”Brsus o ‘kkyhursus lqlaié djrs- f’k{k.kkyk lH;rsP;k

fodklkps lk/ku rj fo|syk lkaL—frd mUurhps ek/;e letY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- nks?kkaP;k

leUo;kus o lqfodklkusp euq”;kps thou izxfr’khy cur vlrs-

thou&fuokZgk dfjrk vkEgkyk mithfodsph lk/kus teok;ph vkgsr] ijarq

thouklkBh frrdsp iqjsls ukgh- varjaxkP;k fodklkf’kok; vkeP;k thoukph ;k=k gh

viw.kZp jkg.kkj- ckgÓk thoukr mi;ksxkr ;s.kkjh lk/kus tjh vkEgh tefoyh rjh

vkfRed izxrhP;k vHkkoh rh fu#Ìs’;p iMwu jkg.kkj] Lor%toG lk/kukapk <hx tek

  137  

vlwu lq)k euq”; gk ‘ksoVh vux<p jkg.kkj vkf.k R;k lk/kukapk dks.krkgh ykHk rks

mpyw ‘kd.kkj ukgh-

fo|k gh euq”;kyk fouez cufors ;klkscrp rh euq”;ke/;s izse] Lusg] lkSgkæZrk]

lk/ksi.kk] n;k] d#.kk] ijksidkj] J)k] HkDrh] vkRefo’okl o vkRecGkyk lq/nk

ok<fors- rh euq”;kP;k varjaxkyk Åap ÅBfors- fopkjiwoZd c?khrY;kl gs fnlwu ;srs

dh T;k O;fDare/;s gs vk/;kfRed xq.k vlrkr] rs f’kf{kr ulwu lq)k Lor%yk brds

tkLr lq[kh o lek/kkuh vuqHkor vlrkr] tls rs bUækps jkT;p Hkksxr vkgsr-

;kfo:/n ;k fnO; xq.kkauh ‘kwU; vlysys] vfr f’kf{kr vlwu lq)k dVqrk]

dyg&Dys’k] jksx] ‘kksd] en] eksg] ek;k] naHk] }s”k o ik[kaMkP;k ek;ktkGk e/;s

Qlwu d”V Hkksxr vlrkr-

f’k{k.k gs dqBsgh feGw ‘kdrs ijarq fo|k gh dqBs&dqBsp izkIr gksr vlrs vkf.k

tsOgk d/kh v’kh la/kh euq”;kyk çkIr gksrs rsOgk R;kpk laiw.kZ dk;kdYi ?kMwu ;srks-

f’k{k.k o fo|k ;k nksgksapkgh lekos’k ftFks gksrks] frFks LoxkZph fufeZrh gksr vlrs-

f’k{k.kkeqGs lkalkfjd ;’k uDdhp izkIr gksrs] rj fo|sP;k vH;klkus izse] n;k] d#.kk]

fou;] foosd ;klkj[;k vkarfjd xq.kkpk fodkl fu%la’k;i.ks gksr vlrks- ftFks nksUgh

xks”Vh ,df=r ;srkr] frFks vkuankpk L=ksr QwVwu iMrks vkf.k LoxhZ; okrkoj.kkph

fufeZrh gksrs- Eg.kwu f’k{k.kkP;k vH;klklkscr fo|spk vH;kl dj.;kph vko’;drk

lq)k Qkj tkLr vkgs-

izxrhpk gk ekxZ izR;sdklkBh eksdGk vkgs- T;k O;Drh dq.kkphgh okV u c?krk

Lor%p ;k iq#”kkFkkZe/;s ykxrkr] rs Lor%P;k ladYi ‘kfDrus vkiY;k /;s;kyk

fuf’prp izkIr d#u ?ksrkr- th O;Drh lrr] izR;sd {k.kkyk dkgh uos f’kd.;klkBh

vkf.k Lor%yk iz[kj cufo.;klkBh ykxysyh vlrs] rhp fo|koku cuwu Js;

&lUekukyk izkIr djrs vkf.k Js”BrsP;k map f’k[kjkIk;Zar iksgkspwu rh Lor%P;k thoukps

fuekZ.k Lor%p djrs-

Hkxoku cq)kapk mins’k ,sd.;klkBh ,df=r >kysY;k xnhZe/;s nksu ikWdsVekj

lq)k tkÅu iksgkspys] ,d ikWdsVekj nqlÚ;kaps f[kls dki.;kpsp dke djhr jkghyk rj

nwljk cq)kaps mins’k ,sdw ykxyk- Hkxoku cq) lkaxr gksrs&^tks euq”; Lor%e/khy

nks”k& nqxqZ.kkauk ‘kks/kwu R;kauk ckgsj dk<.;kph fgaer djrks] rksp [kjk iaMhr gks;-*

mins’k ,sd.kkÚ;k ikWdsVekjkP;k var%dj.kkyk gh xks”V ykxyh- R;kus vkiY;k

  138  

nks”k&nqxqZ.kkauk ckgsj dk<.;kl lq#okr dsyh vkf.k ‘ksoVh ,d fnol rks [kjks[kjp

Hkxoku cq)kapk ije f’k”; cuyk-

‘kkyhu os’kHkw”kk

izR;sd ns’kkph vkiyh ,d osxGh os’kHkw”kk vlrs] th R;k ns’kkrhy gokeku o

HkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkrhuqlkj Bjysyh vlrs- vkeP;k ns’kkph lq)k vkiyh ,d fof’k”B

v’kh os’kHkw”kk vkgs- ,[kk|k fo’ks”k ifj/kkukpk tjh vkEgh fopkj dsyk ukgh] rjh

loZlkekU;i.ks vkeP;k ns’kkr ?kky.;kr ;s.kkjs oL= gs lk/ks o f<ys jkgr vlr- /kksrj]

lnjk] lkMh] ijdj&iksyds bR;knh ifj/kku vkeP;k ns’kkr cÚ;kp dkGkiklwu

mi;ksxkr vk.kY;k tkr vkgsr-

Hkkjrh; laL—rhps lokZr eksBs oSf’k”BÓk Eg.kts] ;sFks thoukrhy izR;sd {ks=kr

lk/ksi.kkykp tkLr egRo ns.;kr vkys vkgs- gs oSf’k”VÓk oL= o vkHkw”k.kkalkscr lq)k

tqGysys vkgs- ekxhy dkgh dkGkr vkEgkyk eqlyeku o baxztkP;k xqykehr jkgkos

ykxys- ;keqGs vkeP;k lexz vkpkj&fopkjkr Qkj eksBk cny ?kMwu vkyk- gk cny

vkgkj&fogkj] jkg.kheku o cksy.;k&pky.;k lkj[;k loZp {ks=kr vkysyk vkgs-

vkt vkEgh ts oL= ?kkyrks] rs lq)k vkeP;k lkaL—frd oSf’k”VÓkkuqlkj] R;kP;k xkSjo

xfjesuqlkj o gokekukuqlkj ukghr- os’kHkw”ksps] ns’k o dkGkP;k ifjfLFkrhfo#) vl.ks

gs çR;sd fLFkrhr uqdlkudkjdp B# ‘kdrs- ,[kk|k Bjkfod izdkjps oL= ?kkrY;kus

dq.kh vk/kqfud fdaok ijaijkoknh gksr ulrks- vkeps oL= gs lk/ks o LoPN vlkosr] rs

‘kkyhu vlkosr vkf.k R;kauk c?kwu dq.kkP;kgh eukr dks.kR;kgh izdkjph nqHkkZouk mRiUu

gksÅ u;s- rs <hys vlkosr- R;k}kjs ‘kjhjkojhy ?kke ‘kks”kY;k tkok] ts.ksd#u

[kkt&[k#t lkj[ks peZ jksx vkEgkyk gks.kkj ukghr- vkeps diMs vaxkoj ftrds ?kÍ

clrhy rs frrdsp yodj QkVrhy] ;k xks”Vhyk vkEgh letkos- ;keqGs vkfFkZd

uqdlku gks.;klkscrp vkjksX;kps uqdlku lq)k dkgh deh gksr ulrs- dkj.k v’kk

izdkjps ?kÍ diMs gs jDr izokgke/;s vMFkGk mRiUu djhr vlrkr- lqrh oL= gs

vkjksX;klkBh Qkjp Qk;|kps Bjrkr-

vktdky diMs ?kky.;kP;k i)rhp fo—r gksr pkyY;k vkgsr- QW’kuP;k ;k

/kkok/kkoh e/;s r#.k oxZ lokZr iq<s vkgs- flusekrhy uV&uVÓkkaps diMs c?kwu gk r#.k

oxZ lq)k r’kkp i)frps diMs ?kkyrks- vkt diMs ?kky.;kpk vFkZ Lor%P;k yTtsyk

>kd.;k,soth R;kyk m?kMs dj.ks gksÅu xsyk vkgs- dq.kkps vuqdj.k dj.ks okbZV ukgh

ijarq va/kkuqdj.k rj okbZVp vlrs uk ! vktdky QW’kuP;k ukok[kkyh th uXurk

  139  

nk[kfo.ks pkyw vkgs vkf.k R;k}kjs lektkps ts uSfrd uqdlku gksr vkgs] R;kiklwu

dq.khgh vK ukgh- ‘kjhjkoj ?kÍ cl.kkjs vkf.k ‘kjhjkP;k mrkj&p<kokauk n’kZfo.kkjs

diMs gs c?k.kkÚ;kaP;k eukr fodkjp mRié djhr ukghr rj rs ?kky.kkÚ;kaP;k

vkjksX;klkBh lq)k uqdlkunk;d vlrkr- HkMdnkj jaxkP;k diMÓkkaeqGs MksGîkkaoj lq)k

okbZV izHkko iMrks vkf.k R;krgh yky&jaxkpk rj dkgh tkLrp iMrks- oL= gs gyD;k

jaxkps lk/ks] lH; o ‘kkyhu vlk;yk gosr-

vfodflr fopkjkaP;k O;Drh ;k Lor%P;k ‘kkjhfjd lkSan;kZyk o jax&#ikP;k

vkd”kZ.kkyk ok<fo.;klkBh osxosxGîkk izdkjph os’kHkw”kk djrkr v’kkçdkjs rs vkiY;k

jax&#ikyk usgeh ltfor vlrkr- ‘kD; vkgs dh ;keqGs R;kauk dkgh {kf.kd ;’k

feGrgh vlsy] ijarq v’kk izdkjph HkMd os’kHkw”kk o ckgÓk vkd”kZ.kkyk ok<foY;keqGs

euq”;kps pkfjf=d irup >kysys vkgs- fp=&fofp= izdkjP;k os’kHkw”ksyk o fons’kh

yksdkaph udy dj.;kyk Js”B O;fDreRokps izrhd EgVY;k tkÅ ‘kdr ukgh- ns’k]

dkG o ifjfLFkrhuqlkj laL—rh] pkyh&jhrh o lkekftd vkpkj&laghrs e/;s ts lkE;

vlrs R;kr Lor%yk e;kZfnr dj.;kykp vkeph egkurk] lk/ksiuk] ‘kkyhurk o

lkaL—frd xkSjokph xks”V letY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs-

euq”;kps O;fDreRo gs R;kP;k dslka}kjs lq)k dGwu ;srs- euq”;kP;k mukMi.kkps]

{kqærsps o pkfjf=d ghursps n’kZu lq)k R;kP;k dslka}kjsp gksr vlrs- ygku vkf.k

O;ofLFkri.ks dkiysys dsl gs euq”;kP;k ;ksX;rsyk izdV djrkr- lqO;ofLFkr i)frus

BsoysY;k dslkao#u R;k O;Drhpk LoHkko o vkpj.k gs lkekU; O;fDris{kk tkLr mR—

“V vlsy vls tk.kors] rj eksBeksBs] vLrkO;Lr o fo[kqjysY;k dslkadMs c?kwu R;k

O;fDrph {kqærkp izdV gksrs-

HkMdnkj v’kk ik’pkR; os’kHkw”ksdMs c?kwu R;k O;Drhpk lH;iuk rj vkEgkyk

tk.korks- ijarq rh lqlaL—r vlsy vls iw.kZ fo’oklkus lkaxrk ;sr ukgh- vkeP;k

ns’kkr lq#okrhiklwup Çpru] pkfj«; o O;ogkjkyk] O;fDreRokP;k ewY;kadukph dlksVh

eku.;kr vkys vkgs vkf.k gs ;ksX; lq/nk gksrs- ijarq dkGkizek.ks O;fDareRokP;k

ewY;kadukph dlksVh lq/nk cnyyh vkf.k vkt rj lH;&vlH; O;fDre/khy Qjd

dj.;kpk ,d eksBk vk/kkj os’kHkw”ksyk letY;k tkÅ ykxys vkgs-

efgykaP;k thou’kSyh e/;s >kysY;k os’kHkw”ksP;k fo—frpk lekos’k gk vkt Qkj

eksBk fparspk fo”k; >kysyk vkgs- vkt lH; o vk/kqfud EgVY;k tk.kkÚ;k efgyk

Lor%P;k diMÓkkauk fnols&afnol NksVs djhr vkgsr vkf.k ‘kjhjkoj ?kÍ cl.kkjs diMs

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?kkywu os’kHkw”ksP;k i)frp vkt cnyr pkyY;k vkgsr- ;kpk okbZV izHkko QDr

R;kaP;k vkjksX;kojp iMr ukgh] rj laiw.kZ lekt gk R;kaP;k nq”izHkkokiklwu laØafer

gksr vkgs- fL=;kaph vk/kqfud os’kHkw”kk brdh cs<c o HkMdnkj gksr pkyysyh vkgs dh

dks.krkgh ykt&yTtk vlysyk euq”; R;kaP;kdMs c?kwu vkiys MksGs [kkyh >qdosy-

nqjkpkjkyk izksRlkgu ns.;kr flusek] ukp o v’yhy xk.ks] ftrdh enr djhr vkgsr]

R;kis{kk tkLr enr ;k cs<c os’kHkw”kseqGs feGr vkgs- vkeP;k eqyh vkt v’kk

diMÓkkadMs tkLr çek.kkr vkdf”kZr gksr vkgsr] ts fp=&fofp= jaxkps o Qkj NksVÓkk

vkdkjkps vlrkr- fL=;kauh rj vls diMs ?kkyk;yk gos] T;k}kjs R;kaps vf/kdka’k

‘kjhj >kdY;k tkbZy ijarq oLrqfLFkrh gh ;kis{kk iw.kZr% fo#) vkgs-

fL=;kaP;k Hkkjrh; os’kHkw”ksyk vkt varjkZ”Vªh; izfr”Bk izkIr >kysyh vkgs- ;keqGs

rh os’kHkw”kk nwlÚ;k ns’kkrhy efgykaP;k os’kHkw”ksis{kk fu—“V vkgs] vls Eg.krkp ;s.kkj

ukgh- vkt lkMh o iw.kZ ckgÓkkP;k CykÅtps izpyu nwlÚ;k ns’kkr ok<r pkyys vkgs-

ijarq vkeP;k ijaijsps ikyu gs lokZr vk/kh vkiY;k ?kjkr gks.ks vkt Qkj vko’;d

gksÅu xsys vkgs- ;k xks”Vhaoj vkeP;k cgh.khauh o eqyhauh lokZr tkLr y{k |kos vkf.k

os’kHkw”ksrhy lk/ksi.kkyk vaxhdkj.;kpk iz;Ru R;kauh djkok- os’kHkw”ksP;k ;k la;ekps

ikyu dj.ks] R;k eqyhalkBh Qkjp vko’;d vkgs] T;k f’k{k.kkP;k {ks=ke/;s Lor%yk

fodflr djhr vkgsr- ;kyk dkj.k gsp dh Hkfo”;krhy efgykaP;k fufeZrhps lw= gs

‘ksoVh R;kaP;kp gkrkr tk.kkj vkgsr-

O;kid ‘kks/kkvarh gkp fu”d”kZ dk<.;kr vkyk vkgs dh HkMdnkj o pednkj

diMÓkkadMs ePNj rlsp uqdlkunk;d dhVd gs Qkj tkLr vkdf”kZr gksrkr- ;keqGs R;k

diMÓkkauk rj uqdlku iksgksprsp] R;kf’kok; rs R;k O;fDrP;k vkjksX;kyk lq)k uqdlku

iksgkspforkr- ;keqGs ePNjka}kjs mRié gks.kkÚ;k vktkjkaps vkØe.k R;kaP;koj Qkj yodj

gksrs- vusd dhVd gs Qkj fo”kkjh vlrkr o R;kaP;k pko.;keqGs vusd izdkjps

‘kkjhfjd vktkj R;k O;fDrauk tMrkr- ;k ‘kks/k fu”d”kkZe/;s gs lq)k lkax.;kr vkys

vkgs dh ika<Ú;k o HkxO;k jaxkP;k diMÓkkadMs gs dhVd vkdf”kZr gksr ukghr- rs ;k

jaxkafo”k;h mnklhu vlrkr- bFks fo’ks”k y{k.kh; xks”V gh vkgs dh Hkkjrh; laL—rh e/;s

ika<Ú;k o fioG;k jaxkyk izk/kkU; ns.;kr vkys vkgs vkf.k ;kauk ‘kksfHkoar ekuys vkgs-

Hkkjrh; laL—frpk vk/kkj usgeh oSKkfudrk jkghysyh vkgs] ijarq vkt vkEgh R;kyk

fol:u clysyks vkgsr- brds vlwu lq)k R;kP;k egrhyk ukdkjrk ;sr ukgh-

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vktps r#.k&r#.kh gs pVdnkj os’kHkw”ks}kjs Lor%yk fp=&fofp= izdkjkr

<dyr vkgsr- ;kr R;kaP;k O;fDreRokps izfrfcEc dqBsp fnlwu ;sr ukgh- T;k

os’kHkw”ksyk ?kky.;kekxs dkghp fo’ks”k dkj.k fdaok oSKkfud vk/kkj ulrks] R;kauk uqlrs

QW’kuP;k ukok[kkyh Lohdkj.;kyk ckSf)d fnokG[kksjhf’kok; vk.k[kh dk; Eg.krk

;sbZy! QW’ku gk ,d baxzth ‘kCn vkgs] T;kpk ejkBh vFkZ lH; o ‘kkyhu os’kHkw”kk

vkf.k jkg.kheku gksrks- ijarq ;k ‘kCnkph tUeHkweh vlysY;k baXySaM e/;s ;k ‘kCnkyk

ukVd fdaok jaxeapkoj dke dj.kkÚ;k fouksnh ik=k’kh tksMY;k tkr vls vkf.k R;kaP;k

os’kHkw”ksyk o fp=fofp= izdkjP;k Ük`axkjkyk o #ilTtsyk QW’ku letY;k tkr vls-

dkgh dkGkuarj ;k ‘kCnkpk iz;ksx QDr Ük`axkj o jax&#ikP;k ltkoVh dfjrkp gksÅ

ykxyk- v’kkizdkjs ,dkuarj nqlÚ;k vFkkZyk izkIr djhr vkt ;k ‘kCnkpk vFkZ

‘kjhjkyk ltfo.ks] vkd”kZd fnl.;kpk iz;Ru dj.ks vkf.k QDr HkMdnkj oL= ?kky.ks]

gkp gksÅu xsyk vkgs- vkt QW’kuP;k ukok[kkyh Ük`axkj dj.;kph th i)r lq# >kyh

vkgs] rh ;k ‘kCnkP;k tUekP;k osGh vl.kkÚ;k O;k[;sdMs yksdkaps y{k lgt vkdf”kZr

djrs vkf.k fopkj’khy yksdkauk gk fopkj dj.;klkBh foo’k djrs dh QW’kupk vFkZ

R;k O;fDryk [kjks[kjp ,[kk|k ukVdkpk fofp= ik= cufo.ks rj ukgh uka \

f’kf{kr vlks ok fuj{kj] fd’kksjo;kpk vlks ok izkS<] vkt lok±e/;sp ;wuhlsDl

P;k dysP;k foLrkj Qkj osxkus >kysyk vkgs vkf.k R;kyk lokZauh Lohdkjys lq/nk

vkgs- v’kk izdkjP;k os’kHkw”kse/;s L=h o iq#”kkr vkf.k fo’ks”k d#u r#.k&r#.kha e/;s

Qjd dj.ks Qkj dBh.k gksÅu xsys vkgs- ikf’pekR; ns’kkae/;s L=h&lekursP;k

va/k&ekU;rs iklwu tUekayk vkysyh gh QW’ku vkgs- L=h&iq#”kka e/khy lekurk gk ,d

lok±uh eku.;k;ksX; fl)kar vkgs] ;kr ‘kadkp ukgh] ijarq ekuoh lH;rus ;k lanHkkZr

T;k dkgh pwdk dsY;k vkgsr] R;kauk lq/kkj.;kph vkt xjt vkgs- ijarq gk lq/kkj

vfoosdiw.kZ vlw u;s- ;k lq/kkj&izfØ;s varxZr L=h us vkiY;k ewG LoHkkokyk] xq.kkauk

o {kersyk fol# u;s- lekurk gh tsFki;Zar foosdiw.kZ vlsy rsFki;Zarp rh lok±uk

ekU; vlk;yk goh-

vkeP;k ns’kkrhy mPp dksVhP;k fo}ku O;ÇDruh o fopkjdkauh Hkkjrh;

os’kHkw”ksP;k egRokyk letys gksrs] R;keqGsp rs R;kps j{k.k dj.;kr leFkZ >kysr- ;k

laca/kkr bZ’ojpUæ fo|klkxj ;kaps mnkgj.k Qkj vuqdj.kh; vkgs- rs caxky izkarke/;s

f’k{k.k foHkkxkr ,dk eksBÓkk inkoj dke djhr vlr- ;keqGs R;kauk okjaokj baxzt

vf/kdkÚ;kalkscr HksV.;kl tkos ykxs- ,dnk fczVh’k ‘kklukus] ,d vlk fu;e cufoyk

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dh T;kuqlkj xouZj lkgsckauk HksV.;kl tk.kkÚ;kyk iWUV o dksV ?kky.ks vko’;d

dj.;kr vkys gksrs- fo|klkxj ;kauk tsOgk ;k fu;ekph ekfgrh feGkyh rsOgk rs xouZj

lkgsckadMs xsys o R;kauk Eg.kkys & ^^eh vkt vki.kkl v[ksjpk HksV.;kl vkyks vkgs-

;kuarj eh gh ‘kkldh; uksdjh d# ‘kdr ukgh- xouZj lkgsckauh ;kps dkj.k fopkjrkp

R;kauh Li”Vi.ks lkaxhrys dh eh dks.kR;kgh ifjfLFkfrr vkiY;k Lons’kh os’kHkw”ksyk lksMw

‘kdr ukgh- R;kaP;k tkrh; LokfHkekukyk c?kwu xouZj lkgsc izlé >kys vkf.k R;kauh

fo|klkxj ;kauk R;k fu;ekps ikyu dj.;kiklwu fo’ks”k loyr iznku dsyh-

yksdekU; fVGd gs lq)k Qkj eksBs fo}ku o Hkkjrkrhy loZekU; usrs gksrs- rs

usgehp egkjk”Vªh;u os’kHkw”kk&/kksr] QsVk ?kkyhr vlr- foyk;rsr tkrkauk lq)k R;kauh

;k fu;ekpk R;kx dsyk ukgh- ;kpizek.ks enueksgu ekyoh; gs lq)k Hkkjrh; os’kHkw”ksps

ije HkDr gksrs- eksB&eksBÓkk ‘kkldh; ifj”knkae/;s] rs usgehp vkiY;k BjysY;k

os’kHkw”ksr tkr vlr- ;kckcrhr xka/khthaps mnkgj.k rj txizfl)p vkgs- R;kauh

Hkkjrh; vkn’kkZps ikyu dj.;klkBh ,d NksVh’kh yaxksVh o ,dk NksVÓkk’kk vks<.;kP;k

oL=k[ksjht ckdh loZ diMÓkkapk R;kx dsyk gksrk- baXySaM ;sFks fczVh’k lezkVkP;k

egkykr vkeaf=r dsY;kuarj lq)k rs ;kp os’kHkw”ksr R;kauk HksV.;kl xsys gksrs] tsOgk dh

R;kauk HksV.;klkBh iw.kZ iks’kk[kkr o uaX;k ik;kus u tk.;kpkp loZlkekU; fu;e gksrk-

ijarq xka/khtha lkBh ;k fu;ekyk ,dk fo’ks”k vkns’kk}kjs gVfo.;kr vkys gksrs vkf.k

‘ksoVh rs vkiY;k usgehP;k os’kHkw”ksrp lezkVk’kh HksVysr-

johUæukFk VSxksj ;kauh EgVys vkgs dh] tksIk;Zar lekt vk/kqfudrsP;k lanHkkZr

os’kHkw”ksyk egRo nsr jkghy] rksIk;Zar rks [kÚ;k vFkkZus vk/kqfud cuw ‘kdr ukgh] rlsp

lH; Eg.k.;kpk vf/kdkjh lq)k rks jkgr ukgh- vkEgh izxfr’khy vkgksr] ;kps

eqY;kadu] O;fDreRoke/;s dkGkuqlkj vkysY;k tkx#drs}kjs o lqlaLdkjk}kjsp Ogk;yk

gos] QW’kuP;k ukok[kkyh fp=&fofp= izdkjps diMs ?kkywu uOgs- tj NksVÓkk vkdkjkP;k

o ‘kjhjkoj ?kÍ cl.kkÚ;k vax izn’kZu dj.kkÚ;k oL=kaukp izxfr’khyrsps izrhd ekuY;k

xsys rj vkEgh vlH;rsP;k R;k vkfne ;qxkdMsp tkr vkgksr] tsFkwu iw.kZr% oL=ghu

voLFksiklwu euq”;kpk fodkl >kyk gksrk] vls Eg.k.ks vfr’k;ksfDriw.kZ vl.kkj ukgh-

O;lukaP;k jk{klkaiklwu okpkos

fo|kF;kZauks] O;lukaiklwu Qkj nwj jkgk] dkj.k dh rs euq”;kps izk.k?kkrd ‘k=w

vkgsr- O;lukae/;s eknd inkFkk±ps lsou gs eq[; vkgs- rackdw] pgk] xkatk] pjl] Hkkax]

vQw] nk# bR;knh eknd inkFkZ gs ,dkis{kk ,d ojp< o gkfudkjd vkgsr] FkdysY;k

  143  

?kksMÓkkyk T;kizek.ks pkcwd ek#u&ek#u iGfoY;k tkrs o R;keqGs ‘ksoVh R;k ?kksMÓkkph

f’kYyd vlysyh ‘kDrh lq)k u”V gksÅu tkrs] R;kpizek.ks u’kk dsY;kus vkEgkyk

lq#okrhyk tjh FkksMh piGrk vkY;klkj[ks tk.kor vlys rjh ‘ksoVh R;keqGs euq”;kph

ckdh vlysyh ‘kDrh lq)k u”V gksÅu tkrs- eknd æO; lsou dj.kkjh O;Drh gh

fnolsafnol {kh.k gksÅu ‘ksoVh vdky e`R;qP;k nk<se/;s tkÅu iksgksprs- nqO;Zlua gh

fe=kaP;k #ikus vkeP;k ‘kjhjkr izos’k djrkr vkf.k ‘k=w cuwu ‘ksoVh R;k ‘kjhjkykp

ek#u Vkdrkr-

u’ksP;k inkFkkZa O;frfjDr dkgh nqlÚ;k lo;h lq)k v’kk vkgsr] T;k ‘kjhj o

eukyk uqdlku iksgkspfor vlrkr- R;kfo”k;h vlysys vkd”kZ.k o R;kaP;k lo;heqGs

euq”; R;kapk xqyke cuwu tkrks- flusek] os’ÓksP;k dksBÓkkaojhy ukp] O;fHkpkj] tqxkj

vkf.k vusd v’kk uqdlkunk;d o euq”;kP;k izfr”Bsyk Bsp iksgkspfo.kkÚ;k lo;h

vkgsr] T;kr yksda Qlwu vkiyk iSlk] osG o vkjksX;kyk u”V djhr vlrkr-

gh nqO;Zlus QDr dkgh FkksMÓkk yksdkaP;k thoukykp u”V djhr ukghr] rj

R;keqGs eksB&eksBs ns’k] jk”Vª o lekt lq)k loZuk’kkP;k [kÏÓkkr tkÅu iMrkr-

Hkkjrh; bfrgklkps ikBd tk.krkrp dh eksxy lkezkT;kpk var gk nk#P;k O;lukaeqGsp

>kyk gksrk- ;kpizek.ks phu gs jk”Vª lq)k ,ds dkGh vQwP;k O;lukaeqGs u”V >kys

gksrs- izkphu dkGkr lq)k feL=] ;quku vkf.k jkse ;sFkhy izxr] le`) o ‘kfDr’kkyh

lkezkT; gs nk#P;k ik’kkr iMwu irukP;k [kkbZr tkÅu iMys gksrs- vkeP;k izkphu

bfrgklkr ;knokaps ‘kfDr’kkyh jkT; gs e|ikukeqGsp u”V >kys gksrs vkf.k Jh—“.kk

lkj[ks vorkjh iq#”k lq)k R;k jkT;kyk okpow ‘kdys ukghr-

vkt u’ksps izpyu fnolsa fnol ok<r pkyys vkgs- u’ksps vusd izdkj vkt

fnlwu ;srkr- xkatk] Hkkaax] vQw] pjl o nk# gs çdkj rj cÚ;kp dkGk iklwu izpfyr

vkgsr- vkt gsjksbu] ekjhtqvkuk] LeSd ;k ukokaps vusd jklk;fud u’ksps izdkj

lektkr ok<r pkyys vkgsr- gs inkFkZ u’kk dj.kkÚ;kyk dkgh fnolkrp fof{kIrkoLFksr

iksgkspowu ej.kkP;k nk<sr <dywu nsrkr- chMh] flxjsV] xqV[kk] pgk] dkWQh ;klkj[ks

u’ksps inkFkZ lq)k vkrk nSuafnu O;ogkjkr vkys vkgsr o ;keqGs lekt fnolsafnol

tkLr detksj #X.k ygjh o vux< gksr pkyyk vkgs-

u’ksph lq#okr gh d/khgh nqlÚ;kaP;k vuqdj.kkus o lgti.ks R;kph po pk[kwu

c?k.;kP;k izo`fÙkeqGs gksr vlrs- nksu&pkj fe=kae/;s gk izdkj dkgh fnol pkyrks] uarj

ok<w ykxrks- ;keqGs lq#okrhyk FkksMh piGrk vkY;klkj[kh lq)k tk.kors ijarq rs

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vuqHko Bhd rlsp vlrkr] tls ,[kk|k ik[kjkyk fdaok eklksGhyk tkGÓkkr

idM.;klkBh FkksMs ykyqp nk[kfoY;k tkrs vkf.k uarj R;kyk Qkj okbZV izdkjs ek#u

lekIr dsY;k tkrs- manhaj lq)k v’kkp izdkjs FkksMÓkk’kk yksHkkr iMwu fiatÚ;kr Qlr

vlrks vkf.k v’kkçdkjs rks Lor%ph nqxZrh Lor%p d#u ?ksrks- u’kk djhr jkghY;kus

dkgh fnolkrp ;kph lo; ek.klkyk iMrs vkf.k R;kph mi;qDr ek=k ‘kjhjkyk u

feGkY;kl okjaokj R;kyk çkIr dj.;kph bPNk eukr mBr jkgrs- rh ek=k u

feGkY;kl eu cspSu gksrs- ;k lo;hyk lq/kkj.;kps eukscG lq)k R;ktoG jkgr ukgh-

v’kk izdkjs u’ksP;k v/khu >kysyh O;Drh dks.kR;kgh çdkjs vkiY;k O;lukyk iw.kZ

dj.;kpkp iz;Ru djhr jkgrs- ;keqGs ,dhdMs R;kph thouh ‘kDrh deh gksr xsY;kus

R;k}kjs dks.krsgh dke O;ofLFkri.ks gksr ukgh o R;keqGs R;kP;k vkfFkZd mRiUuke/;s

deh ;srs] ts LokHkkfodp vkgs- nqljhdMs u’ksps inkFkZ fodr ?ks.;klkBh tkLrhr&tkLr

iS’kkph vko’;drk R;kyk iMrs- u’kk gh euq”;kyk fuyZTt cuowu Vkdrs- ,dk

fuf’pr e;kZnse/;s jkgwu rs larq”V gksr ukghr] rj R;k inkFkkZuk vk.k[kh tkLr izek.kkr

?ks.;kph vko’;drk R;kauk okVw ykxrs vkf.k ‘ksoVh u’ksph ghp vf/kdrk euq”;kpk

uk;ukV dj.;kps dkj.k curs-

u’kk dj.kkÚ;kaps vkjksX; fnolsa&fnol [kjkc gksr tkrs- ;keqGs R;kaph ckSf)d

{kerk deh gksrs o dke dj.;kph ‘kDrh lq)k deh gksr tkrs] vls yksda dtZ

?ks.;kiklwu rs ?kjkrhy lkeku fod.;ki;Zar vkf.k pksjh] HkkeVsxhjh] Qlosafxjh lkj[ks

izdkj d#u dls rjh vkiys dke pkyfor vlrkr- v’kkçdkjs rs Lor%P;k izfr”Bsyk

izR;sdkP;k utjsr ifrr d#u Vkdrkr- ;keqGs dq.khp R;kapk lUeku djhr ukgh] rlsp

dq.kkps lgdk;Z lq)k R;kauk feGr ukgh- gs loZ uqdlku vls vkgsr T;kauk loZuk’khp

EgVY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- ;kr lok±ps] loZ izdkjs uqdlkup vkgs] ykHk rj dkghp ukgh-

u’ks izek.ksp ,d nqljs eksBs nqO;Zlu Eg.kts]&FkkVkekVkps thou tx.;kph bPNk-

Lor%yk vlkekU; fl) dj.;klkBh fdrh&rjh yksda Jhearhps <ksax jpr vlrkr-

;kdfjrk rs vQkV iSlk [kphZ ?kkyrkr- osxosxG;k izdkjps ekSY;oku diMs]

nkx&nkxh.ks] lkSan;Z izlk/kus ;kp mÌs’Ókkdfjrk okijY;k tkrkr dh nqlÚ;kauh R;kauk

Jhear letkos vkf.k brdh /kuk<Ók O;Drh ekukos dh fujFkZd dkekae/;s lq)k rs MksGs

feVwu iSlk mMow ‘kdrkr- yXu lekjaHkke/;s Lor%P;k izfr”Bsyk Åapko.;kdfjrk rs

cs/kMdi.ks iSlk mMforkr- ;k loZ çdkjkaekxs Lor%yk nqlÚ;kais{kk eksBs fl) dj.;kph

R;kaph bPNk vlrs- ;k fufeÙkkus ukgd [kpZ dj.;kps ,d O;lu R;kauk ykxwu tkrs-

  145  

LoLr iz’kalk yqV.;klkBh v’kkp izdkjps min~O;ki rs jpr jkgrkr o R;klkBh ;ksX;

rh O;oLFkk ykorkr lq)k] ;kr R;kapk vQkV iSlk o osG u”V gksrks- brds d#u lq)k

rks mÌs’Ók T;kdfjrk brdk eksBk min~O;ki mHkk dj.;kr vkyk gksrk rks mÌs’; iw.kZ

gksrp ukgh- nqljs yksda R;kaP;k okLrfodrsyk letrkr- T;k O;Drh v’kk çdkjP;k

izn’kZuke/;s iSlk mMforkr] rs [kjks[kjps Jhear ulrkr- R;kauh QDr Jhearhps ika?k:u

vks<ysys vlrs vkf.k ;kyk letwrnkj yksdkaP;k utjsrwu okpfork ;sr ukgh- v’kk

izdkjpk [kpZ dj.kkÚ;k O;fDryk ew[kZ fdaok csbZekup letY;k tkrs- T;k iS’kkpk

vusd izdkjs lnqi;ksx dj.ks ‘kD; gksrs] R;kyk tks euq”; v’kk izdkjP;k oSHko

izn’kZukae/;s mMforks] R;kyk vgadkjh] ew[kZ fdaok csbZeku O;fDre/;sp ekstY;k tkrs-

vkt lkE;oknh okrkoj.kkus rj [kÚ;k Jhearkfo:/n lq)k fo”ke okrkoj.k cufoys

vkgs] rsOgk ts cukoVh Jhear vkgsr R;kauk rj migklkLinp Eg.kkos ykxsy- ;kdfjrk

;ksX; rj gsp jkghy dh lk/ks thou o mPp fopkjkP;k lw=kyk LohdkjY;k tkos vkf.k

ljkljh ukxfjd Lrjkpk thou fuokZg dsY;k tkok- ;kuarj tks iSlk f’kYyd jkgrks R;k

cprhyk cWdsr tek dsY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- ;keqGs R;kojhy O;kt rj feGsyp] R;k

f’kok; rks iSlk ns’kkP;k fodkl dk;kZe/;s ykxwu lkekftd le`)he/;s ok< lq/nk

djsy-

u’kk dj.ks gh ,d v’kh lo; vkgs] T;kps dks.kR;kgh izdkjs leFkZu djrk ;sr

ukgh- R;kyk Lohdkj.;kekxs eksBÓkk ek.klkaps vuqdj.k dj.;kph izo`Ùkhp dke djhr

vlrs- Loknk lkj[kh dks.krhgh xks”V R;kr ukgh- lokZr tkLr izpfyr vlysY;k

e|ikukps fdrhrjh uqdlku lkaxhrY;k tkÅ ‘kdrkr- R;keqGs ipu O;oLFkk xMcMrs]

ekufld dkS’kY; deh gksrs vkf.k ekufld {ks=kr fdrhrjh okbZV dYiuk tek gksÅu

R;k euq”;kP;k cq)hps gj.k d:u Vkdrkr- ;keqGs iS’kkps gks.kkjs uqdlku rj izR;{kp

vkgs- rlsp ;keqGs euq”;kph dk;Z{kerk lq/nk deh gksrs- lektkr v’kk yksdkapk lUeku

dq.khgh djr ukgh- R;kaP;k izkekf.kdrsoj dq.kkpk fo’okl jkgr ukgh- R;kaps nkfjæÓk

ok<rs vkf.k dkSVaqfcd dyg o vlek/kkukps okrkoj.k ?kjkr r;kj gksrs- ?kjkrhy eqya

tls c?krkr rlsp f’kdrkr- v’kk O;Drh cgq/kk nqxqZ.kh fnlwu ;srkr- u’kk dsY;kus

o;kseku deh gksrs- detksjh o vktkji.kk lrr ekxs ykxwu jkgrks- e|ikukps vls

fdrhrjh uqdlku lkaxhrY;k tkÅ ‘kdrkr- brds vlwu lq)k yksda ;k O;lukyk

vkuankus dls Lohdkjrkr vkf.k ok<forkr] ;kpsp vk’p;Z okVrs-

  146  

;k loZ uqdlkuhauk let.;kpk fdaok nqlÚ;kauk letkfo.;kpk iz;Ru lq)k

cgq/kk fu”QGp Bjrks- ;kyk dkj.k gsp vkgs dh izpyukps vuqdj.k dj.;kr tks

vkuan feGrks] rks ew[kZi.kkpk vlwu lq)k yksdkauk vkoMr vlrks- rFkkdfFkr eksBÓkk

yksdkae/;s dkgh pkaxys xq.k lq)k vlrkr- ijarq R;kdMs dq.kkpsgh y{k ulrs-

R;kaP;krhy okbZV xq.kkaph udy djrkauk gsp letY;k tkrs dh vkEgh lq)k ;keqGs

eksBÓkk yksdkaP;k leqnk;krhy letY;k tkÅ- vkt ‘kkGk&dkWyst e/khy uo;qod

xqipqii.ks O;lukP;k ;k nqxqZ.kkyk Lohdk# ykxys vkgsr- ;k O;lukaekxs ykxwu R;kauh

vk;q”;kP;k lq#okrhykp Lor%yk csdkj cuowu Vkdys rj eksBs >kY;koj rs lektkP;k

rj lksMkp] Lor%P;k dkekr lq)k ;sÅ ‘kd.kkj ukghr-

vkt pgk] dkWQh] flxjsV] vQw] dksdhu] LeSd] gsjksbu bR;kfnauk ekufld rk.k

o ‘kkjhfjd FkdO;kyk nwj dj.;klkBh mi;ksxkr vk.kY;k tkr vkgs- ijarq c?k.;kr gsp

;srs dh ;keqGs ‘kjhjkr {kf.kd mÙkstuk ek= fuekZ.k gksrs- FkdysY;k ?kksMÓkkyk pkcwd

ek#u iGfo.;klkj[kkp gk çdkj vkgs- dkgh fnolkuarj gs mÙkstd inkFkZ tsOgk

vkeP;k lo;he/;s lfEefyr gksÅu tkrkr] rsOgk R;kauk lksM.ks Qkj dfB.k tkrs vkf.k

dkgh dkGkuarj R;kpk izHkko lq)k dkgh deh ?kkrd jkgr ukgh-

^bafM;u dkSafly vkWQ esfMdy fjlpZ* ;sFkhy Ik;Zos{kdkauqlkj vkiY;k ns’kkrhy

r#.k ih<h gh fofHké dkj.kkaeqGs u’ksdMs lokZr tkLr vkdf”kZr gksr pkyysyh vkgs-

eksBÓkk ‘kgjkrhy eqya&eqyh gs vk/kqfud jklk;fud u’ksdMs vkdf”kZr gksr vlrkauk

fnlwu ;srkr] rj NksVh ‘kgjs o eksBÓkk xkokae/khy eqya flxjsV] pjl] Hkkax ;klkj[;k

inkFkk±ps lsou djrkr- euq”;kyk ‘kkjhfjd] ekufld] dkSVaqfcd o vkfFkZd n`f”Vus detksj

dj.kkÚ;k ;k u’ksP;k O;lukps LoPNUnrsus ok<r tk.ks lektklkBh Qkjp ?kkrd vkgs-

v’kkçdkjs ‘kkjhfjd o ekufld #ikus detksj >kysyk gk euq”; mRiknu {ks=kr dk;

d# ‘kd.kkj\ Lor%P;k lainsyk okbZV izo`fÙkae/;s [kpZ d#u rks jk”Vªh; lainsyk

uqdlkup iksgkspfo.kkj- u’ks lkscr xqUgÓkkaps izek.k ok<.ks lq/nk LokHkkfodp vkgs-

‘kkjhfjd o ekufld fodkjkae/;s gks.kkjh ok< gh u’ks lkscr vfHkUui.ks tqGysyh vkgs-

yksda ,d&nqlÚ;kadMs c?kwu ;k nqO;Zlukae/;s ykxr vlrkr vkf.k R;kyk

izfr”Bk] eksBsi.k] Jhearh fdaok lH;rsus fpUg letwu clrkr- ;k Hkzked /kkj.ksps

mPpkVu ekufld {ks=krwu Ogk;ykp gos] okbZV ekxkZoj tk.ks gs izfr”Bsps fpUg ukgh rj

fuanuh; vkgs- {kqæ LrjkP;k yksdkauh R;kyk izfr”Bsps fpUg tjh ekuys vlsy rjh

foosdoku yksdkaps gs drZO; vkgs dh xq.k&voxq.kkaP;k dlksVhoj dlwup R;kauh

  147  

dks.kR;kgh izpyukps vuqdj.k djkos- u’kk gk izR;sd n`f”Vus uqdlkunk;dp vkgs] R;kps

lsou dj.;kyk ew[kZi.kkf’kok; vk.k[kh dkghp Eg.krk ;s.kkj ukgh- Lor%P;k ik;koj

Lor%p dqÚgkM ekj.;kph Eg.k] u’kk dj.kkÚ;kaoj ‘kaHkj&izfr’kr ykxw iMrs-

lektkr tj ,[kknh O;Drh ?kk.k iljfor vlsy] /kweziku djhr vlsy] nk#

ihr vlsy] u’ksP;k inkFkk±ps lsou djhr vlsy rj R;kpk izHkko nqlÚ;kaoj

iMY;kf’kok; jkg.kkj ukgh- R;kaP;k ;k ?kk.k lo;hauk yksd ets&etsrp f’kdwu ?ksrkr-

detksj ekufldrsP;k yksdkauk fc?kM.;kr dkghp osG ykxr ukgh- nqO;Zluh yksda

tsOgk gk rdZ nsrkr dh rs nk# fi.;klkBh fdaok tqxkj [ksG.;klkBh Lor%pkp iSlk

[kpZ djrkr] rsOgk nqlÚ;kauk R;kuk vMfo.;kpk vf/kdkjp dk; \ R;kapk gk rdZ Bhd

rlkp vkgs] tls ukosr cl.kkÚ;k O;fDrus vls Eg.kkos dh rks T;k tkxsoj clyk

vkgs] frFksp rks ukosyk fNæ dj.kkj- R;kP;k ;k v’kk rdkZoj ukosr clukjs nwljs

;k=sd# R;kyk vls d# nsrhy dka \ uDdhp ukgh- dkj.k R;kyk fNæ dsY;kus iw.kZ

ukop ik.;kr cqMsy] ;kyk rs tk.krkr- ;kpizek.ks lekt#ih ukosr tj nqO;Zlukaps fNæ

gksr jkghysr rj R;kps ‘kstkjh R;kyk eqdkVÓkkus c?kr jkg.kkj dka \ tj vls gksr

jkghys rj gk laiw.kZ lektp ifrr gksbZy-

nqjkpkjh yksdkaP;k rkoMhr Qlwu vkepk Lor%pk uk;ukV gksÅ u;s ;kdfjrk

vko’;d vl.kkjh O;oLFkk gh Lok/;k; o lRlaxk}kjsp gksÅ ‘kdrs- euq”; tj

Lor%P;k izfr”Bsfo”k;h] vkRexkSjo o xfjesfo”k;h tkx#d jkghyk o R;kus Lor%P;k

thoukps egRo letys rj nqO;Zlukaiklwu eqDr jkg.ks R;klkBh Qkjp lksis gksÅu tkrs-

v’kk O;fDryk okbZV laxr lq)k izHkkfor djhr ukgh] Eg.kwu Lor%e/;s KkukP;k

‘kfDryk mRiUu djk o cqf)P;k Lrjkyk Åap Bsok- vkEgh nqO;Zlukaiklwu nwj jkghyks rj

thoukyk lkFkZd dj.;kph la/kh vkEgkyk izkIr gksbZy- Lor%P;k eukyk d/khgh detksj

d# udk- detksj ekufldrsP;k O;fDraoj nqO;Zlua gh vkiyk rkck teow ‘kdrkr-

nqO;Zlua gk thoukpk vfHk’kki vkgs] rj nqO;Zluh yksda Eg.kts lektkojhy dks<-

rackdw & rackdwpk izpkj vkt Qkjp tkLr ok<ysyk vkgs- izkphu dkGkr

;kyk d/khd/kh vkS”k/khP;k #ikus mi;ksxkr vk.kY;k tkr vls- ijarq xsY;k dkgh

‘krdkaiklwu ;kus ,dk Qkj eksBÓkk nqO;Zlukps #i /kkj.k dsys vkgs- eqykaiklwu rs

EgkrkÚ;k yksdkai;Zar vkt chMh&flxjsV vks<rkauk fnlwu ;srkr- fL=;k lq)k ;k

nqO;Zluk iklwu lqVysY;k ukghr- ;kP;k fo”kkjh /kqjk iklwu euq”; detksj] vkG’kh]

foyklh o mÙkstd LoHkkokpk curks- rackdwps vrh lsou dj.kkÚ;kauk {k; jksx] ân;

  148  

jksx] iksVkaps vktkj] MksGs [kjkc gks.ks] uiaqldrk] osMsi.kk bR;knh vusd izdkjps vktkj

tMrkr- fons’kkrhy eksBeksBÓkk MkWDVjkauh vkiY;k ‘kks/kka}kjs gs fl) dsys vkgs dh

egkHk;adj v’kk dWUljps ,d eksBs dkj.k /kweziku dj.ks gsp vkgs-

rackdw e/;s ^fudksfVu* ukokps ,d egkHk;adj fo”k vlrs- rs euq”;koj gGw&gGw

vkiyk izHkko Vkdwu ‘ksoVh R;kpk izk.k ?ksrs- fudksfVupk ,d Fksac l’kkP;k dkrMhoj

VkdY;kl yxsp R;kph e`R;q gksrs- ,ds dkGh phu ;sFks vkRegR;k dj.;kps gs ,d lksis

lk/ku cuwu xsys gksrs- rsFkhy yksda thoukiklwu nq%[kh gksÅu gqDD;kps lMysys ik.kh

fiÅu Lor%ps thou lekIr d#u ?ksr vlr-

rackdwpk lokZr ?kkrd izHkko vkeP;k jDrkoj iMr vlrks- R;krhy fo”kkjh

rRo Qq¶Qqla o ân;ki;Zar iksgkspwu euq”;kP;k jDrkyk fodkje;] #X.k o nwcZy cuowu

Vkdrkr- tsOgk gs fo”kkjh jDr ul&ukMÓkk e/kwu okgw ykxrs- rsOgk osxosxGs vktkj

gGw&gGw R;k euq”;koj vkiyk rkck feGfor tkrkr-

;kr lokZr vk/kh gks.kkjk vktkj Eg.kts {k; ¼Vh-ch-½ gks;- ;kps eq[; dkj.k

nqf”kr gok vkgs- flxjsV] gqDdk fdaok chMhpk nwf”kr /kwj tsOgk ‘oklksPNoklkP;k

ek/;ekus okjaokj vkr iksgksprks] rsOgk ;kpk fo”kkjh izHkko vkeP;k thouh ‘kDrhoj

iMrks- vfr /kweziku dj.kkÚ;kaps Qq¶Qqla lMwu tkrkr- rackdw gk esanwyk fuf”Ø; cufor

vlrks- ân; jksx Eg.kts rackdwus fnysyh fo’ks”k HksV gks;- ;kps fo”k gs vkeps ân; o

Qq¶Qqlkaoj vkØe.k djrs] ;keqGs ân;kojhy ikiqæk lqUu iMwu rks ân;kP;k xfryk

vlarqfyr djrks- rackdwP;k fo”kkus QDr Qq¶Qqla] ân; fdaok efLr”dkykp uqdlku

iksgkspr ukgh] rj R;keqGs MksGÓkkauk lq)k Qkj tkLr uqdlku iksgkspr vlrs- rackdw gk

dkeksÌhid inkFkZ vkgs- ;keqGs euq”; O;fHkpkj] vlH; orZo.kwd o vuhfr dj.;kdMs

izo`Ùk gksrks- rackdw fiY;kus R;kps pkfj«; detksj gksr tkrs- rackdweqGs nkr yodj

[kjkc gksÅu R;kpk jax fioGk o eGdV gksrks- v’kkizdkjs rackdw euq”;kP;k LokHkkfod

vkjksX;kyk u”V d#u ‘kjhjkr vusd osxosxGÓkk izdkjps fodkj mRiUu djhr vlrks-

euq”; ‘kjhjkdfjrk gs ,d fotkrh; æO; vkgs] Eg.kwu ‘kjhj ;kyk dks.kR;kgh fLFkfre/;s

vkar Bsohr ukgh vkf.k Eg.kwup rackdw [kk.kkÚ;kauk tkxkstkxh Fkqadr jkg.;kph ?k`.kkLin

lo; iMrs- rackdw vks<.kkjs /kwj ckgsj dk<rkr rj R;kpk okl ?ks.kkjs iLrkor vlrkr-

^flxjsV* ‘kCnkph O;k[;k djrkauk MkW- tkWulu ;kauh vkiY;k ‘kCndks’kkr

fyghys vkgs- ^^flxjsV gh dkxnkr xqaMkGysY;k rackdwph] uGhP;k vkdkjkph] vMhp rs

  149  

rhu bap ykac vl.kkjh ,d v’kh oLrq vkgs] T;kP;k ,dk Vksdkoj /kwj vlrks rj

nqlÚ;k Vksdkoj ,d ew[kZ O;Drh-**

vk’p;kZph xks”V gh vkgs dh vktP;k ;k ;qxke/;s ftFks izR;sd ekU;rsyk o

fl)karkyk foKkukP;k dlksVhoj dlwup Lohdkj dsY;k tkrs] frFks flxjsVP;k

uqdlkunk;d ifj.kkekauk letwu lq)k yksda R;kyk lksMr ukghr- nksu&pkj yksdap

vls djhr vlrhy] v’kkryh dkgh ckc ukgh] rj /kweziku gs vkt T;k osxkus

vk/kqfud lH;rsps izrhd cur pkyys vkgs] R;kyk c?krk gsp Eg.kkos ykxrs dh

vktP;k ;k ckSf)d ;qxke/;s tx.kkjk euq”; ckSf)d n`”Vhus fnokG [kksj rj >kyk ukgh

uka \

oSKkfud ‘kks/kkvarh ;sFkIk;Zar ekghrh feGkyh vkgs dh /kweziku u dj.kkjs ijarq

/kweziku dj.kkÚ;k O;ÇDrlkscr jkg.kkjs yksda lq)k flxjsV] chMhP;k /kqjkeqGs gks.kkÚ;k

uqdlkunk;d ifj.kkekaiklwu okpw ‘kdr ukghr- yaMu ;sFkhy rhu MkWDVlZuh ;klaca/kkr

dkgh ijh{k.k dsysr- ;kdfjrk R;kauh 20 yksdkapk ,d lewg fuoMyk. ;krhy 10

flxjsV vks<.kkjs rj ckdhps ngk u vks<.kkjs gksrs- R;kauk ,dk v’kk [kksyhr Bso.;kr

vkys T;kr flxjsVpk /kwj Hkjiwj izek.kkr Hkjysyk gksrk- nksUgh izdkjP;k yksdkaps

rqyukRed v/;;u iz;ksxkP;k vk/kh o iz;ksxkuarj dj.;kr vkys- ;kr gkp fu”d”kZ

dk<.;kr vkyk dh /kweziku dj.kkÚ;kaP;k rqyusr /kweziku u dj.kkÚ;kauk flxjsVP;k /kwjkus

tkLr izHkkfor dsys vkgs- rsFkhy loZ yksdkaP;k jDrke/;s dkcZu eksuksDlkbMps izek.k

ok<wu xsys gksrs-

/kwezikukeqGs jDrkr vfuok;Zi.ks dkcZu eksuksDlkbMps izek.k ok<rs- dWUlj o {k;

jksxkph laHkkouk v’kk yksdkae/;s tkLr vlrs- ;kyk dkj.k gsp dh flxjsVpk /kwj gk

Qq¶Qqlkauk izHkkfor djrks- Qq¶Qqlkaoj fo”kkjh izHkko iMrkp] {k; jksxkps vkØe.k R;koj

gksÅu clrs vkf.k jDrkr dkcZu eksuksDlkbM ok<Y;keqGs dWUljph fHkrh lq)k ok<r

tkrs- ;kyk dkj.k gsp dh ;k rÙokps jDrkr tkLr izek.k ok<Y;kus jDrkph

vkWDlhtuyk /kkj.k dj.;kph {kerk deh gksÅu tkrs- ;keqGs ân; o ‘olu iz.kkyh

oj lq)k Qkj ncko iMrks- jDrkyk Qq¶QqlkaIk;Zar iksgkspfo.;k lkBh ân;kyk tkLr

dke djkos ykxrs- ;keqGs R;kr nqcZyrk mRié gksÅu Qq¶Qqlkae/;s dWUlj o vlsp

vusd izdkjps vlk/; vktkj mRié gksrkr-

tkLr /kqeziku dsY;kus vYlj lq)k gksr vlrks- v’kk yksdkaP;k MksGîkkP;k ysal

e/;s fudksfVups izek.k ok<r tkrs o R;keqGs MksGs [kjkc gksÅ ykxrkr- vkf.k ‘ksoVh

  150  

R;kr vka/kGsi.kk ;srks- ;k fo”kkyk eqÌke vkiY;k ‘kjhjkr ikBfo.;kr dks.krk

letwrnkji.kk vkgs] gsp dGwu ;sr ukgh-

e| & Hkkstuklkscr FkksMsls e|iku dsY;kus ipu fØ;k O;ofLFkri.ks gksrs] vlk

rdZ e|iku dj.kkjs yksda nsr vlrkr- oj&oj c?krk vkEgkyk rlkp vuqHko ;srks

lq)k- Hkkstu O;ofLFkri.ks ipr vkgs o [kqi tksjkph Hkwd ykxr vkgs] vls okVrs-

;kps dkj.k nk# e/;s vl.kkjs vYdksgy vlrs] ts Hkkstukyk foj?kGwu Vkdrs- ijarq

R;kph izfrfØ;k vkrMÓkkaoj lq)k gksrs- R;k vkrY;k&vkr lMw ykxrkr vkf.k ‘kjhjkph

ipu O;oLFkk ‘ksoVh brdh tkLr fc?kMwu tkrs dh nk#MÓkk euq”; iksVk laca/kh vktkjkus

xzLr gksÅu yodjp ej.kkP;k nk<sr tkÅu iksgksprks-

e| fiY;kus ‘kDrh izkIr gksrs] vlk dkgh yksdkapk xSjlet vkgs- e| gk ,d

mÙkstd inkFkZ ek= vkgs- ;kyk fiY;kuarj dkgh osGkrp rs euq”;kP;k iwoZ lafpr

‘kfDryk ,df=r d#u R;kyk QDr mÙksftr d#u lksMrs- ;keqGs uohu ‘kDrh ‘kjhjkr

;sr ukgh- ;kfo#) u’kk dsY;kuarj euq”; gk detksj o fuLrstp cur vlrks- ;keqGs

rks dks.kR;kgh dkekpk jkgr ukgh- ;kph lo; iMY;kuarj rh ?ksrY;k f’kok; dks.kR;kgh

dkekr ek.klkps eu ykxr ukgh- xjhc vlysY;k ;k Hkkjr ns’kkpk brdk tkLr iSlk

;kr [kpZ gksrks dh] R;keqGs ikSf”Vd vUu] nq/k] QG&QGkoGs bR;knhlkBh R;ktoG

FkksMk lq)k iSlk f’kYyd jkgr ukgh- Eg.kwu e|iku gs fopkj ‘kfDrP;k fodklk e/;s

lgk;d vkgs] ;k Hkzked /kkj.ksyk eukrwu iw.kZr% dk<wup Vkdk;yk gos- e|iku

dsY;kus rj myV euq”;kP;k jpukRed ‘kfDrpk tls dYiuk] Hkkouk] fopkjkph n`<rk]

fu’p;] dkO; izfrHkk] ekufld larqyu] foosd o rdZ ‘kfDrpk Úgklp gksr vlrks-

iku & vktdy cktkjkr] xYyh&cksGka e/;s] jsYos LVs’ku] cl LVW.M] vls

ftdMs tkos frdMs iku [kk.kkÚ;kaph lrr ok<r tk.kkjh la[;k vkEgkyk fnlwu ;srs- ;k

vk/kqfud dkGkr ikukps O;lu gs lrr ok<rhojp vkgs- ;kpk iz;ksx cgq/kk uqdlku

nk;dp Bjr vlrks vkf.k fo’ks”k Eg.kts ;kfo”k;h cgqrsd yksdkauk ekghrhp ulrs-

vk/kqfud lH;rsus ;kyk v’kk izdkjs Lohdkj dsys vkgs dh t.kw dkgh R;kr okbZV vls

dkgh ukghp- ;kr uqdlkunk;d] vf’k”V o v’yhy vls dkgh vkgs] vls yksda

letrp ukghr-

iku gs dke oklusyk mÌhIr dj.kkjs mÙkstd vls feJ.k vkgs- e/; ;qxke/;s

os’;k ;k fo’ks”k d#u ikukpk mi;ksx djhr vlr- os’;k] nk# o iku ;k fr?kkaph Qkj

nkV eS=h vlrs- e/; ;qxkr os’;kxeu o dkeqdrsyk fo’ks”k izksRlkgu feGkY;kus

  151  

ikukph yksdfiz;rk Qkj tkLr ok<yh gksrh- eksxy ckn’kgk o uokc gs ikukaps QDr

‘kkSdhup uOgrs rj gs O;lu R;kauk brds tkLr tMys gksrs dh R;kf’kok; thou tx.ks

R;kauk dBh.k >kys gksrs- ikunku o os’;k ;kaph laxr ;q)ke/;s lq)k jkgr vls-

vkt ikukpk izpkj brdk tkLr ok<ysyk vkgs dh] lkekU; O;Drh lq)k

fnolHkjkr nksu&pkj ikua [kkÅu Vkdrks- ikukps jklk;fud fo’ys”k.k dsY;kl R;kr

fi;ksjhu] fi;kfjMhu] ,sjsdksyhu] ,ehyhu] ejD;wfjd ,yehu] fi;sjkscsVhu bR;knh fo”kkjh

rRoa vk<Gwu ;srkr- LFkku fo’ks”k P;k Qjdkuqlkj ikukrhy jklk;fud rRo lq)k

cnyr vlrkr- tls eæklh ikuke/;s fi;jkscsVhu ukokP;k fo”kkps izek.k tkLr vkgs-

rj caxyk iku lokZr tkLr fo”kkjh letY;k tkrs-

fi;jkscsVhu ukokps fo”k gs ân;kP;k xrhyk ean o fuf”Ø; cufo.kkjs vlrs- ;k

fo”kkP;k izHkkokus eu v’kkar jkgw ykxrs- ;keqGs euq”;kph >ksi mMrs] dkesfUæ; mÙksftr

gksÅ ykxrkr vkf.k eu fo”k;&oklusP;k ?kk.ksjMÓkk fopkjkus Hk#u mBrs-

tkLr ikua [kkY;kus Hkwd deh gksr tkrs- uOon izfr’kr fdaok R;kis{kkgh tkLr

yksdkaps nkr iM.;kps eq[; dkj.k] R;kaps ikukps vrh lsou dj.ks vkgs- iku&lqikjh o

pq.;kps ckjhd&ckjhd d.k nkrkP;k QVh e/;s tkÅu Qlrkr- gGw&gGw gs d.k brds

tkLr ok<wu tkrkr dh R;keqGs nkrkae/khy varj ok<r tkrs- ;kauk gVfo.;klkBh

thHksyk lrr nkrkae/;s ykxwu jkgkos ykxrs- dkgh dkGkuarj fgjMÓkkaoj lwt ;sÅu R;kr

il mRié gksÅ ykxrks- ;keqGs nkrkae/;s vlâ; osnuk gksrkr vkf.k dkgh dkGkuarj

tsOgk R;kP;k eqGke/khy ulk iw.kZi.ks u”V gksÅu tkrkr] rsOgk nkr iMw ykxrkr-

v’kkizdkjs ikukaps O;lu gs nkrkauk u”V d#u lksMrs-

iku [kk.ks gs vlH;rsps] {kqæ izo`fÙkps o dkeksÙkstd LoHkkokps y{k.k vkgs-

ikukP;k nqdkukleksj mHks jkgwu iku [kk.ks gs euq”;kP;k vlH;rsyk] oklukfiz;rsyk

fn[kkÅ LoHkkokyk] eukP;k vfLFkjrsyk o yksHkh o`Ùkhyk Li”V djrs- euq”;kP;k irukph

lq#okr gh cgq/kk ikukusp gksr vlrs] rks ;kyk lkekU; O;lu letwu glr&[ksGr

;kph lq#okr djrks vkf.k gGw&gGw rs R;kP;k vaxoG.kh iMwu tkrs- ;kuarj rackdw

[kk.;kph bPNk R;kr fuekZ.k gksrs- uarj flxjsV] e|iku o ‘ksoVh O;fHkpkjkIk;Zar R;kph

ety tkÅu iksgksprs- Eg.kwu ‘kgk.;k ek.klkus ;k O;lukiklwu nwj jkg.ksp cjs-

lqikjhpk ‘kkSd lq)k Qkj okbZV vkgs- ;keqGs rksaMkyk dksjMsi.kk ;srks- nkrkaoj

vuko’;d Hkkj yknY;k tkrks vkf.k R;kph lo; iMyh dh nkrkyk dkgh rjh

  152  

pkoY;kf’kok; cjsp okVr ukgh- R;keqGs R;kps eu dqBsp ,dkxz gksr ukgh vkf.k

papyrk ok<r tkrs-

pgk & vktP;k ;k lH; txkr lokZr tkLr izpfyr o lrr ok<r tk.kkjs

eknd inkFkZ Eg.kts pgk o dkWQh gks;- nqlÚ;k eknd inkFkk±izek.ks ;kyk lq)k ;k lH;

EgVY;k tk.kkÚ;k txkus Lohdkj dsys vkgs- okLrfodrk rj ghp vkgs dh gs nksUgh

inkFkZ vkeP;k thouh ‘kDrhyk detksjp djhr vlrkr- ;kP;k lrr iz;ksxkus

‘kjhjkrwu fu?k.kkÚ;k dkjcksfyd vEykps izek.k ok<wu tkrs-

;k}kjs gks.kkjs izFke uqdlku Eg.kts ipu {kerse/;s deh gks.ks vkgs- vipu]

Hkwd deh ykx.ks ;klkj[;k vktkjkyk ok<fo.;kr pgk Qkj enr djrs- lj fofy;l

jkWcVZ fyghrkr & ^^pgk&dkWQhps FkksMÓkk izek.kkr tjh lsou dsY;k xsys rjh QDr

rsOg<Ókkusp vkeP;k ‘kjhjkrhy ikpd jl detksj gksÅ ykxrkr- ;keqGs vékrhy

ikSf”Vd rRokauk vkeps ‘kjhj vks<w ‘kdr ukgh- nwlÚ;k ‘kCnkr ;kyk vfXueanrk fdaok

vth.kZrk Eg.krk ;sbZy- nar jksxkP;k ok<hps ,d dkj.k Eg.kts xjek&xje pgk ih.ks

lq)k vkgs-**

pgk euq”;kyk {kf.kd mÙkstuk nsr vlrs- gh mÙkstuk feVyh dh euq”;kyk yxsp

vkiyh LokHkkfod ‘kDrh deh >kY;klkj[kh okVrs- pgk vkeP;k ‘kfDryk ok<for

ukgh] rj vk/khp tek vlysY;k ‘kfDryk QDr FkksMÓkk osGklkBh mÙksftr djhr

vlrs- pgka eqGs Mksdnq[kh lrr fVdwu jkgrs- pgkeqGs tsou iprs] v’kh Hkzked /kkj.kk

yksdkaP;k eukr Hkjysyh vkgs- [kjs c?krk ;keqGs ipu fØ;se/;s vMFkGkp mRié gksr

vlrks- ;keqGs ân;kph /kM/kM ok<rs o ‘kjhjkps vax Hkkjh okVw ykxrkr-

pgkr nksu izdkjps fo”kkjh inkFkZ vlrkr & 1- Vsfuu] 2- dSQhu- pgk firkauk

vkEgkyk tks dMoV Lokn vuqHkok;yk ;srks] rks Vsfuupk vlrks vkf.k rs ‘kjhjklkBh

uqdlkunk;d vlrs- gs RopsP;k r.kkokyk ok<fors- gs fo”k tsOgk ‘kjhjkr iksgksprs]

rsOgk vkek’k;kP;k ikiqæîkkyk vuko’;d rukokP;k fLFkfre/;s vk.kwu lksMrs- ;keqGs

vkek’k;ke/;s vékps ipu lgti.ks gksr ukgh vkf.k rks ikiqæk lq)k gs dk;Z d#

‘kdr ukgh- dSQhu gs ,d izdkjps mÙkstd fo”k vkgs] ts esanwyk mÙksftr djrs- pgk

e/;s isihu ukokps fo”k lq)k vlrs] ts Vsfuu lkj[ksp fo”kkjh vlrs-

‘kkjhfjd uqdlkuhpk fopkj dsY;kl nk# o pgk gs ,dkp izdkjkr eksMrkr-

;krhy Qjd gk QDr LoLr o egkxMsi.kkpk vkgs- nk# gh ek.klkyk eLr o grcq)

d#u vYidkGkdfjrk R;kP;k nq%[kkps gj.k djrs rj pgk R;kyk mÙksftr d#u R;kP;k

  153  

>ksisps gj.k djrs- vewY; v’kk ekuoh thoukyk o ‘kkjhfjd vkjksX;kyk u”V dj.;kr

pgk gh nk#is{kk dqBsp deh ukgh] dkj.k gh R;kis{kk LoLr vkgs o ;kpk izlkj

tkxkstkxh vkgs- pgkeqGs Hkwd u”V gksrs vkf.k R;kf’kok; nqljh dks.krhgh bPNk R;kP;k

eukr ckdh jkgr ukgh- ;keqGs ân;kph xrh detksj iMrs- ;kyk okjaokj ?ksrys ukgh

rj eu mnkl gksrs] R;kr fpMfpMi.kk ;srks o esanw dkghp dke djhr ukgh-

fo’ks”kKkauqlkj pgk e/khy dWQhu gs c)dks”Brsyk tUe nsrs- rs ân;kP;k

BksD;kauk ok<fors vkf.k d/kh&d/kh rj rs Bksds brds tkLr ok<wu tkrkr dh R;kr

euq”; e# lq)k ‘kdrks- ;keqGs la/khokrk lkj[ks vktkj lq)k mRié gksrkr- fdMuhoj

;kpk brdk okbZV izHkko iMrks dh R;keqGs cgqeq=kpk =kl lq# gksrks- pDdj ;s.ks]

vkokt cny.ks] jDr fodkj] ydok ekj.ks] cs’kq)h ;s.ks] vfuæk bR;knh vusd vktkj

pgke/;s vl.kkÚ;k lkbukstsu] fLVªukbu] lkbukbZM bR;knh fo”kkaeqGs mRié gksr vlrkr-

pgkP;k izpkjke/;s vkeP;k va/kkuqdj.k dj.;kP;k ekufldrsusp tkLr ;ksxnku

fnys vkgs- FkaM izns’kklkBh pgk vko’;d vlw ‘kdrks- ijarq Hkkjrklkj[;k xje

ns’kklkBh rj rks uqdlkunk;dp vkgs-

xkatk] Hkkax o pjl & xkaktk o Hkkax gs Hkkjrkrhy xkoka&xkoka e/;s iljysys

egkjksx vkgsr] vkf.k rs vkepk lekt o jk”Vªkpk Hk;adj fouk’k djhr vkgsr- vkEgh

gs y{kkr vlw |kos dh xkatk] Hkkax o pjl gs Hk;adj vls fo”kkjh inkFkZ vkgsr- ;kr

izo`Ùk >kY;kl euq”;kPkh izo`Ùkh ikie; curs o eu gs mÙkstuk o fodkjkauh Hk#u ;srs-

lqJqr ;kauh ;k inkFkkZauk dQ o [kksdyk ok<fo.kkjs lkaxhrys vkgs- Hkkaxps >kM fo”kkjh

vlrs] ;kiklwup xkatk] Hkkax o pjl gs frUgh u’ksps inkFkZ r;kj gksrkr- lqJqr ;kauh

xkatk fdaok HkkaxP;k >kMkpk LFkkoj fo”kkae/;s mYys[k dsyk vkgs vkf.k R;kP;k eqGkauk

fo”k ekuys vkgs-

dkgh oS|kauqlkj ;k eknd inkFkkZP;k iz;ksxkus ‘kDrh {kh.k gksrs- MksGs yky

gksrkr vkf.k Mksds xjxj fQ# ykxrs- Hkkax fiÅu euq”; grcq) curks] vls yksda tsou

tkLr djrkr] ijarq gh ,d izdkjph vLokHkkfod Hkwdp vlrs- u’kk mrjrkp vth.kZ]

iksVkr tMi.kk] myVh o iksVkps nwljs fodkj mRié gksrkr- xkatk fi.kkÚ;kps Mksds Qkj

yodj fc?kMrs- Hkkax fi.kkÚ;kaP;k fpÙkkps LFkS;Z fVdwu jkgr ukgh o R;kaP;kr

;ksX;&v;ksX; pk foosd lq)k jkgr ukgh- Hkkax fi.kkjh O;Drh gh ygjh vlrs- R;kP;k

eukr ,[kknk fopkj mBrkp R;kyk dj.;klkBh rh yxsp izo`Ùk gksrs- eknd inkFkk±oj

gks.kkjs loZ vuko’;d [kpZ euq”;kpk fodklp gksÅ nsr ukghr- xjhc yksdkaps

  154  

vf/kdka’k mRié ;kp vuko’;d veyh inkFkkZr u”V gksr vlrs- xkatk] Hkkax o pjl

;keqGs euq”;kph okluk mÌhIr gkssrs o rks O;fHkpkjke/;s izo`Ùk gksrks- v’kh O;Drh

O;kikj] dyk&dkS’kY; fdaok nqlÚ;k dks.kR;kgh tckcnkjhP;k dk;kZyk iw.kZ d# ‘kdr

ukgh-

vQw & nk#] rackdw o ikuk izek.ks vQw gs lq)k lektkr izpfyr vls O;lu

vkgs- gk u’kk ?kkrd vkgs o ;kph FkksMh tkLr ek=k ?ksrY;kl e`R;qph fHkrh lq)k ;kr

vkgs- Hkkjrkr ygku&ygku eqykauk lq)k vQw fnY;k tkrs- Fkdok o FkaMhyk

iGfo.;klkBh lq)k ;kpk mi;ksx dsY;k tkrks- ,[kk|k vktkjkyk ;s.;kiklwu

Fkkacfo.;klkBh Çdok R;kyk iGfo.;klkBh yksda vQwps lsou djhr vlrkr- vusd

yksda rj ;kyk QDr O;lu Eg.kwup ?ksrkr-

Fkdok o FkaMh iklwu eqDrrk feGfo.;klkBh ;kpk iz;ksx dj.ks Eg.kts ,d

izdkjpk ew[kZi.kkp vkgs- dkj.k ;k mÌs’;kdfjrk fdrh rjh nqljs vkjksX;o/kZd inkFkZ

vkEgkyk feGw ‘kdrkr- u’ksr vkEgh {k.kHkjklkBhp Lor%P;k FkdO;kyk fol# ‘kdrks-

ijarq u’kk mrjrkp ‘kjhj vk.k[kh tkLr detksj okVw ykxrs o vkGl lq)k ;srks-

osnuk] Fkdok fdaok FkaMh vls dkgh lq)k ;keqGs nwj gksr ukghr- myV u’kk dsY;kus

;kP;k okLrfod dkj.kkaukp vkEgh tk.kwucqtwu >kdwu Vkdrks-

Jh iSVu ;kaP;kuqlkj vQwP;k O;luh O;Drhyk 1- c)dks”Brk] 2- jDrkph

deh] 3- Hkwd deh ykx.ks] 4- ân;] Qq¶Qql o ÇdM.khps vktkj] 5- Luk;qtU;

detksjh] 6- LQwfrZpk vHkko] 7- vkGl] vfuæk] fpÙkHkze] fnokLoIu] 8- furheÙksph

deh] 9- dBksj dkekaiklwu nwj iG.ks] 10- vfo’okl o ‘kkjhfjd detksjhpk =kl gksr

vlrks-

vQwP;k iz;ksxkus ekufld ‘kDrh detksj iMrkr- ;keqGs fo’ks”k d#u Lej.k

‘kDrh detksj iMrs- Luk;q o Kkurarqps vktkj ekxs ykxrkr- ;kph lo; n`< >kY;kl]

;ksX; osGsoj tj vQw feGkyh ukgh] rj R;k O;Drhps dks.kR;kgh dkekr eu ykxr

ukgh- R;kyk vkiys gkr&ik; xGY;klkj[ks okVw ykxrkr- ;kyk dkj.k gsp vkgs dh

vQw gh R;kP;k LokHkkfod ‘kfDryk vk/khp u”V d#u Vkdrs- vQwph lo; gh

gGw&gGw euq”;kps ‘kjhj o R;kP;k vkRE;kyk lq)k [kkÅu Vkdrs- ftFks dqBs ;k

lo;hus xzLr yksda vlrkr] rsFkhy loZ iq#”k eaMGh dks.kR;kgh dkekph jkgr ukgh-

  155  

v’yhy fopkj] pkfj«; ghurk] flusek o nwjn’kZu

‘kgjkr #X.kkaph la[;k tkLr dka \ ;k iz’ukps fo’ys”k.k djrkauk vkpk;Z

fouksck Hkkos fyfgrkr & ^^’kgjkrhy yksda uhVi.ks O;k;ke djhr ukghr- rs Lor%yk

?kjkrp dksaMwu Bsorkr- R;kauk ‘kq) gok feGr ukgh- rs brds tkLr diMs ?kkyrkr dh

lw;Z fdj.kkaiklwu R;kauk oafprp jkgkos ykxrs- rs ?kj lq)k vls cuforkr dh T;kr

R;kauk fulxkZiklwu nwj jkgkos ykxrs- rs dke lq)k vls djrkr dh fulxkZ’kh R;kapk

dkgh laca/kp ;sr ukgh- ;kf’kok; jk=hyk rs cjkp osGsIk;Zar tkxs jkgrkr- fluses c?krkr

o v’yhy iqLrds okprkr- v’kk izdkjs rs vkiY;k ‘kjhjkyk o eukyk fo—r djhr

jkgrhy rj vktkj rj ok<.kkjp-

v’yhy o fo”k;&Hkksxk laca/khps lkfgR; gs frrdsp ?kkrd vlrs] ftrds

,[kk|k LoLFk O;DrhlkBh fo”k- fd’kksj o;kr fdaok rk#.;kP;k macjBîkkoj tsOgk

euq”;kyk ;k thoukpk o txkpk vuqHko ulrks] rsOgk rks v’yhyrsdMs izo`Ùk gksrks-

rk#.;kP;k osMsi.kkr okpysys gs v’yhy lkfgR; vkeP;k lqIr dkeo`Ùkhauk dPP;k

o;krp mÌhIr d:u Vkdrkr- vkt ftdMs c?kkos frdMs mÙkstd fp=] dke&okluk

fo”k;d Ük`axkfjd dFkk] lkfgR;] v’yhy dkancÚ;k o tkghjkrh NkiY;k tkr vkgsr-

flusek] nwjn’kZu o baVjusVus rj ;k {ks=kr Qkjp tkLr gkgkdkj ektfoyk vkgs-

?kk.ksjsMs lkfgR; gs uhrh o /kekZps ‘k=w vkgsr- rs ek.klkP;k Ik’kw izo`Ùkhyk

ok<forkr- gs vlsp ok<r xsys rj lektkr vk/;kfRedrspk va’k lq)k f’kYyd

jkg.kkj ukgh- vkt yksdkauk v’kk ?kk.ksjMÓkk] ?k`f.kr o v’yhy lkfgR;kP;k nq”Vrs

fo”k;h] Ük`axkfjdrsP;k okbZV dk;k±fo”k;h o ekufld O;fHkpkjkP;k detksjh fo”k;h

lko/kku dj.;kph xjt vkgs-

vkbZ] oMhy o f’k{kdkaps gs iquhr drZO; vkgs dh] R;kauh vkiY;k eqykauk]

LoLFk] lkfRod] vk/;kfRed ‘kDrh laié] cG] ikS#”k o ln~xq.kkauk fodflr dj.kkjs

lkfgR; okp.;kl |kos- vki.k Lor% r#.k vlky rj eukoj dMd fu;a=.k Bsok-

vls u dsY;kl vkiY;k irukyk dkghp e;kZnk jkg.kkj ukgh- okluke;h n`f”Vus

dq.kkdMs c?k.kkjk dsOgk uk dsOgk O;fHkpkjh uDdhp cusy o R;kP;k eku&izfr”Bsyk

lq)k /kDdk iksgkspsy- vkEgh Lor%yk v’kk Js”B iqLrdkaP;k okrkoj.kkr Bsokos dh

T;keqGs vkeP;krhy Js”Bre ‘kDrhaP;k fodklkr vkEgkyk enr ykHksy] ifjJe

dj.;kpk vkepk ladYi n`< gksbZy vkf.k O;k;ke] fn?kkZ;q”;] ikS#”k] fdrhZ]

Hktu&iwtukP;k dk;kZr rlsp vk/;kfRed fdaok lkalkfjd mérh lq/nk gksr jkghy-

  156  

fjdkes Mksds Eg.kts lSrkukps ?kj vkgs- vkeP;k eukyk ,[kknk vlk fo”k; gok vlrks]

T;koj rs fparu] euu o fopkj d# ‘kdsy vkf.k vkiY;k ekufld ‘kfDrauk ,dkxz

d# ‘kdsy Eg.kwu fparu dj.;klkBh R;kyk dks.krk uk dks.krk Js”B fo”k; vkEgkyk

|kokp ykxsy-

eksB&eksBÓkk ‘kgjkr O;fHkpkjkps vÏs fnolsa&fnol ok<rp pkyys vkgsr vkf.k

;k ns’kkrhy uo;qod vkiY;k rk#.;kyk] rstfLork o vkjksX;kyk vkf.k ikS#”kkyk frFks

u”V djhr vkgsr- lektkr v’kk O;fDraph deh ukgh] ts O;fHkpkjkyk izksRlkgu nsrkr

fdaok Lor%p ;kps ,tsaV cuwu fuanuh; dk;Z djhr vlrkr- O;fHkpkj gs euq”;k}kjs

dj.;kr ;s.kkjs lokZr ?k`f.kr vls iki d`R; vkgs] T;kpk naM vkEgkyk ;kp tUekr

feGr vlrks- ;k nqjkpkjkiklwu gks.kkÚ;k vktkjkaph la[;k Qkj tkLr vkgs- v’kk

izdkjps okbZV d`R; gs cgq/kk yiwu&Niwu] fHkrhiwoZd] ykt&yTtk o ikikpk ladksp

Bsowu dsY;k tkrkr- v’kk yksdkaP;k eukr usgeh nqlÚ;k L=h&iq#”kkalkscr ;kSu&lEcU/k

LFkkfir dj.;kfo”k;hps ikiiw.kZ fopkj ;sr vlrkr- ;k ikio`fÙkapk vH;kl lrr dkgh

dkG gksr jkfgY;kl R;k euq”;kP;k eukr Qkj [kksyoj tkÅu clrkr o vkiyh eqGa

frFks etcwr djrkr-

O;fHkpkjk lkj[;k ikie;h o`Ùkh eukr [kksyoj #tY;keqGs R;kaps var%dj.k

dyqf”kr gksrs- ;keqGs R;kaph izfr”Bk o fo’olfu;rk gh Lor%P;kp n`f”Ve/;s deh

gksÅu clrs- v’kk yksdkauk izR;sd {ks=kr [kÚ;k eS=hpk o lgdk;kZP;k Hkkouspk vHkko

tk.kor vlrks- ;k loZ xks”Vh ujd;krus is{kk tkLr Hk;adj o d”Vnk;h vlrkr-

Eg.kwu ikBdkauks ! O;fHkpkjkdMs vkdf”kZr gksÅ udk- gs ojo:u ftrds vkd”kZd

okVrs] frrdsp d”Vnk;h Bjrs- vfXuizek.ks gs pdkdrs ijarq FkksMÓkk’kk pqdhus ek.klkpk

loZuk’k d#u lksMrs- ;k loZuk’kkP;k ekxkZoj pkyw udk] dkj.k T;kauh ;k fn’ksr

vkiyh ikÅys Vkdyh vkgsr] R;kauk vusd vktkjkapk] uqdlkuhapk o ladVkpk lkeuk

djhr inksinh ;kpk Ik’pkÙkkip djkok ykxyk vkgs- O;fHkpkj gk lokZr eksBk

fo’okl?kkr vkgs- dks.kR;kgh ijD;k L=htoG ,[kknh O;Drh rsOgkp iksgkspw ‘kdrs]

tsOgk frP;k ?kjkrhy lnL; R;k O;fDroj fo’okl Vkdrhy- ,[kk|k vuksG[kh

O;fDrP;k ?kjkr cs/kMdi.ks ?kqlwu rsFkhy fL=;ka’kh eukyk okVsy r’kh ppkZ dj.;kph

fgaer dks.k d# ‘kd.kkj \ Eg.kwu ;k ikid`R;k iklwu ?kkcjk- vkiY;k lalkjkyk o

e;kZnsyk y{kkr Bsok- O;fHkpkjk iklwu mRié gks.kkÚ;k d”Vkaph] iki] ?k`.kk] cnukeh]

dyad o vktkjkaph rqEgkyk dkghp fHkrh okVr ukgh dka \

  157  

ln~x`gLFk R;kykp Eg.krk ;sbZy] tks ‘kstkjP;k o ijD;k L=h e/;s vkiY;k

eqyhps] vkbZps fdaok cghuhps :Ik c?kr vlrks- /khj&ohj iq#”k rksp vkgs] tks

nqlÚ;kaP;k L=h yk iki n`f”Vus c?kr ukgh- LoxkZP;k oSHkokP;k vf/kdkjh rksp vkgs] tks

fL=;kauk vkbZ] cgh.k fdaok eqyxh letwu R;kaP;k pj.kh vkiys eLrd Bsorks] Eg.kwu

ikBdkauks ! O;fHkpkjk lkj[;k ?k`f.kr iki dekZ iklwu lko/kku jkgk ! lko/kku jkgk !

vktP;k ;k txkr ,dhdMs nk#] xkatk] flxjsV] iku bR;knh eknd inkFkk±uh

Qkj eksBs ladV mHks dsys vkgs] rj nwljhdMs R;kis{kk egkHk;adj iz’u gk ekufld o

uSfrd pkfj«;ghurspk vkgs- u’kk dsY;kus euq”;kph cq)h fodkjxzLr gksrs o rks ekufld

O;fHkpkjkdMs izo`Ùk gksrks- okluke;h okrkoj.kkr jkghY;kus izR;{k O;fHkpkj dj.;kph

izo`Ùkh mRié gksrs- O;fHkpkj gh ,d v’kh lkekftd nq”izo`Ùkh vkgs dh T;keqGs euq”;kps

‘kkjhfjd] ekufld o uSfrd iru gksr vlrs- ;keqGs dqVqackph loZ /ku&laiÙkh o

vkjksX; u”V gksÅu clrs- eksBs&eksBs jk”Vª ;keqGs foLe`frP;k [kandkr tkÅu iMrkr-

gk ,d vlk nq%[knk;h fo”k; vkgs] tks ukuk #ikus il#u ,[kk|k egkekjh izek.ks

vkiY;k ukxfjdkaps] lkekftd o dkSVqfEcd thoukps rlsp jk”Vªh; thoukps v/k%iru

djhr vkgs- ;kP;k nq”ifj.kkekapk mYys[k djrkauk ân;kr v{kj’k% Fkjdki lqVrks-

vktP;k dkGkrhy i=&if=dk o orZekui=kr izdkf’kr gks.kkÚ;k tkghjkrhauk

c?khrY;kl lektkps [kjs izfrfcac vkeP;kleksj mHks jkghy- R;kr vl.kkÚ;k ukenhZ]

uiaqldrk] oh;Zikr] LoIunks”k] xHkZikr] LrEHku o`)h] cFkZ&dUVªksyph lk/kus] uXu fp=]

lkSna;kZe/;s ok< o flusek fo”k;d vusd izdkjP;k okbZV tkghjkrh] ;k vkeP;kleksj

irukdMs tk.kkÚ;k lektkpsp fp= izLrqr djhr vlrkr-

T;k euksjatukus lH;rsps ika?k#u vks<wu dkeqdrk] vuSfrdrk o O;fHkpkjkyk

lokZr tkLr ok<foys vkgs] rs Eg.kts nwjn’kZu o ?kk.ksjMÓkk o ?k`f.kr fopkjkauk mÙksftr

dj.kkjs fluses] R;krhy v/kZuXu n`’; o v’yhy xk.ks- vesfjdu flusekaps vuqdj.k

d#u vkeP;k ns’kkrgh v’kk fp=iVkaph fufeZrh Qkj tkLr izek.kkr gksÅ ykxysyh

vkgs] T;kr pqEcu] vkfyaxu] mÙkstd xk.ks o izsek fo”k;h vlysY;k laoknkapk vfrjsd

vkgs- nwjn’kZu}kjs izlkfjr gks.kkÚ;k ?kk.ksjMÓkk o ?k`f.kr xhr&laxhrk }kjs gks.kkjk

dkeqdrspk izpkj&izlkj vkt vkEgh lgti.ks lgu d#u ?ksr vkgksr- vkt ?kjks?kjh]

ygku eqykaiklwu rs EgkrkÚ;kaIk;Zar ;k ?kk.ksjMÓkk o v’yhy xhrkauk vkiY;k

vkbZ&oMhykaleksj o eqykaleksj ,sdr vlrkauk fnlwu ;srkr- gs flusek&laxhr brD;k

[kkyP;k Lrjkps vlrs dh R;kps mnkgj.k ns.ks lq)k egkiki vkgs- T;k ns’kkr eqykauk

  158  

jkek;.k] xhrk] rqylhnkl] lwjnkl] dchj o ukud ;kaph lqanj Hktua ikB vlk;yk

goh gksrh] frFks rh vcks/k ewya] os’Ókkaps ?kk.ksjMs o v’yhy xk.ks LoPNani.ks

xq.kxq.krkauk fnlwu ;srkr- gs loZ c?kwu yktsus Mksds [kkyh >qdokos ykxrs- ;k eqykauk

vls dj.;kiklwu dq.khgh Fkkacfor ukgh o R;kauh vls d# u;s] ;kfo”k;h lq/nk cksyr

ukghr- rk#.;kpk År tlk&tlk R;kaP;k ân;kr mQkGwu ;srks] ;k ?kk.ksjMÓkk xk.;kaP;k

o flusekrhy ?k`f.kr n`’;kaP;k dqfRlr dYiuk R;kauk vuko’;di.ks mÙksftr djrkr

vkf.k ;keqGs rs O;fHkpkjkdMs izo`Ùk gksrkr- v’kkizdkjs rs lektkr O;fHkpkjkyk

iljforkr o ?kk.ksjMs o vuSfrd izse laca/k LFkkfir djrkr- xYyh&cksGÓkkae/;s

ykxysyh ?kk.kjsMh fp=a] fHkarhoj fyghysY;k v’yhy f’kO;k] dqfRlr izn’kZu o fL=;kauk

dkeqdrsP;k n`f”Vus c?k.ks gs loZ izdkj izR;{k fo”kk lkj[ksp vkgsr- ;s.kkÚ;k uohu

ih<halkBh gh dkeqdrk Qkjp /kksdknk;d vkgs- ckyiukr eqykaoj Vkdysys gs ?kk.ksjMs

nqf”kr laLdkj vkeP;k jk”Vªkyk dkewd o pfj=ghu cuowu Vkdrhy] ;kr ‘kadkp ukgh-

flusek}kjs yksdkauh pksjh dj.;kps vusd uohu&uohu izdkj f’kdys vkgsr-

njksMs Vkd.ks] nk# ihus] fuyZTtrk o Hk;adj v’kk O;fHkpkjkps f’k{k.k lq)k flusek

eqGsp yksdkauk feGkys vkgs- flusekaeqGs vkeP;k r#.k&r#.kh e/;s LosPNkpkj d’kk

izdkjs ok<hl ykxysyk vkgs] ;kph vusd mnkgj.ks rj izR;{k vkeP;kleksjp vkgsr-

fdrh r#.k&r#.khaoj ;kpk nwf”kr izHkko iMyk vlsy] ;kpk vanktp ?ksrk ;sr ukgh-

brds loZ ?kMwu lq)k vkEgh ;k flusekauk euksjatu Eg.krks- euksjatu rj R;kyk Eg.krk

;sbZy T;k}kjs eu izlUu gksrs] vkEgkyk glw ;srs o vkuan feGrks- euksjatukpk izHkko

eukoj LFkk;h #ikus gksr ulrks- ;kyk FkksMÓkk osGkrp vkEgh fol#u clrks- flusek o

nwjn’kZuyk ;kdfjrk euksjatu Eg.krk ;s.kkj ukgh- dkj.k dh ;krhy ?kk.ksjMs xk.ks]

v’yhy u`R; o euksfo—rh mRiUu dj.kkjs dFkkud ;kapk LFkk;h izHkko vkeP;k eukoj

iMr vlrks- nwjn’kZups /kkjkokfgd c?kwu eqya R;krhy dykdkjkaph udy djrkr- vkf.k

?kjkP;k Nrko#u [kkyh mMÓkk ekjrkr- ekjkekjh] >xMk&HkkaM.k] jDrikr] gR;k]

ywVikV] vigj.k o cykRdkjkP;k n`’;kapk eqykaP;k eukoj Qkj okbZV izHkko iMrks-

;keqGs rs ?kkcjV] HksdM o detksj eukscGkps curkr- vkt ns’kkph Hkkoh ih<h gh

‘kkS;Z] lkgl o ohj o`Ùkhus ‘kwU; gksr pkyysyh vkgs- vkt ftFks eqykauk ns’kHkDrh]

‘kkS;Z] lkglkus Hkjysys] furheÙkk o pkfjf=d cGkyk ok<fo.kkjs dk;ZØe nk[kfo.;kph

xjt vkgs] frFks jk”VªkP;k Hkfo”;kyk irukdMs us.kkÚ;k dk;ZØekauk jk”Vªæksghp EgVY;k

tkÅ ‘kdrs- vkt lektkP;k ;k ikikyk nwj djk;yk gos] vls ‘kD; u >kY;kl

vuSfrdrk] O;fHkpkj o LoPNUnrk loZ lkekftd e;kZnsps mYya?ku d#u Vkdrhy

  159  

Eg.kwu fd’kksj o;kP;k eqyk&eqyhauh o r#.kkauh LoLFk euksjatu dj.kkÚ;k

/kkjkokfgdkaukp fdaok T;k}kjs vkeP;k Kkuke/;s ok< gksbZy v’kkp dk;ZØekauk c?kkos-

nwjn’kZu c?k.;kpk vkepk gkp mÌs’; vlk;yk gok- dkSVqfEcd /kkjkokfgdkaP;k ukokoj

dqfRlr ekufldrsyk iljfo.kkÚ;k fo—r dFkkudkauh Hkjysys /kkjkokfgd dq.khgh c?kw

u;s-

vkt ‘kgjkae/;s dq«;kP;k N«;kaizek.ks lkbcj&dWQsps izek.k ok<r pkyys vkgs-

‘kkGk] dkWystkrhy r#.k fo|kFkhZ&fo|kfFkZuh ‘kkGk dkWystkr u tkrk ljG ;kr tkrkr

vkf.k frFks v’yhy fluses c?kwu O;fHkpkjiw.kZ O;ogkjk}kjs Lor%P;k furheÙksyk u”V

djrkr- r#.k oxkZus ;k fo”kkiklwu Lor%yk nwj Bso.;kpk iz;Ru djkok-

[kjs fe= cukos o cuokos

[kjh eS=h d’kh vlkoh] ;k laca/kkr laL—r xzaFkkrhy uhfr’kkL=k e/;s fyghys

vkgs & ^^jkt}kjs p ‘e’kkus ;ks fr”Bfr l% ckU/ko%** ;kpk vFkZ gkp dh jkt}kj o

Le’kku?kkV ;k nksUgh fBdk.kh tks [kka|kyk [kkank fHkaMowu lkscr jkgrks] rksp [kjk fe=

vlrks- bFks jkt}kjpk vFkZ lq[k&laifÙkP;k laiérs’kh vkgs] rj ‘e’kku gs foiÙkhps

izrhd vkgs- lq[k&laink vlrkauk lkscr&lkscr etk&ekSt ekj.ks vkf.k nq%[k fdaok

ladV vkY;kl nwj iG.ks Eg.kts eS=hP;k ukokoj dyadp vkgs-

[kjh eS=h gh rj fo’kq) Hkkousph vfHkO;Drh vkgs- R;kr diV&dkjLFkkukyk

fdaok eksg Hkkousyk dks.krsgh LFkku ukgh- T;kaP;k var%dj.kkr fe=Rokph Hkkouk vlsy

R;kaP;kr izse] lgkuqHkwrh] n;k] d#.kk bR;knh nSoh xq.kkapk fodkl lrr gksr jkghy-

T;k O;fDrus eS=hP;k Hkkousyk fodflr dsys vkgs] R;kdfjrk rj gs laiw.kZ tx Eg.kts

,d dqVqacp vkgs- Lokeh jkerhFkZ tsOgk vesfjdsP;k izoklkoj gksrs] rsOgk R;kaP;ktoG

Lor%ps ‘kjhj o R;kojhy oL=k[ksjht nwljs dkghgh uOgrs- ,dk lTtu O;Drhus R;kauk

ç’u dsyk&^vesfjdse/;s vkiyk dq.khgh ukryx ukgh] vkf.k toG iSlk lq)k ukgh-

rsOgk vki.k frFks Lor%pk fuokZg dlk dj.kkj \* Lokeh jkerhFkk±uh R;k lTtu

O;fDrdMs izsekus c?khrys o EgVys & ^^ek>k ,d fe= frFks vkgs-** ^rks dks.k \*- R;k

O;fDrus fopkjys- rsOgk Lokeh jkerhFkZ Eg.kkys & ^^vki.kp rh O;Drh vkgkr T;kaP;k

dMs eyk thou fuokZgkP;k loZ lks;h miyC/k gks.kkj vkgsr-** vkf.k [kjks[kjp

jkerhFkkZP;k ok.khpk o R;kaP;k vkReh;rspk vlk dkgh izHkko R;k O;Drhoj iMyk dh

rh O;Drh R;kaph ?kfu”B fe= cuwu xsyh- eS=hph bPNk izR;sd euq”;ke/;s vlrs- ijarq

rh R;kaP;k toGp fVdr vlrs] T;kaps ân; ‘kq) vkgs- T;kauk [kjs fe= feGkys]

  160  

R;kauk lkSHkkX;okup Eg.kk;yk gos- vesfjdsrhy ,dk i=dkjkus /ku&dqcsj vlysY;k

gsujh QksMZ ;kauk iz’u dsyk- ^^vkiY;k thoukr ,[kknh v’kh xks”V f’kYyd jkghyh

vkgs dka] T;kyk vki.k vkti;Zar feGow ‘kdys ukgh \ rsOgk gsujh QksMZ mÙkjys &

^^gks ! v’kh xks”V vkgs- tj eyk vkiY;k thoukph lq#okr iqUgk djko;kph >kyh rj

eh [kÚ;k fe=kapk ‘kks/k ?ksbZy- ekÖ;k toG vl.kkÚ;k iS’kkus eyk [kÚ;k fe=ka’kh

feGwp fnys ukgh-** iSlk fdaok ,[kk|k nwlÚ;k oLrq}kjs eS=hyk fodr ?ksrk ;sr ukgh-

euq”;kps xq.k c?kwup rh feGr vlrs-

dks.kR;kgh euq”;kdfjrk ,dkdh thou tx.ks Qkj dBh.k vkgs- lkekU; LrjkP;k

O;fDralkBh rj fe=kaph xjt gh vlrsp- R;kf’kok; rs Lor%P;k eukojhy Hkkj gydk

d# ‘kdr ukgh- nqlÚ;kaph enr ?ksrY;kf’kok; nq%[kkyk lgu dj.ks Qkj dBh.k tkrs-

eS=h gh euq”;kP;k o lektkP;k O;oLFkslkBh vkf.k izxrhlkBh Qkjp vko’;d vkgs-

,dVsi.kkrhy d”Vkaiklwu okp.;klkBh] thoukrhy O;ogkjkr enr ns.;klkBh o

feGfo.;klkBh vkf.k lq[k&nq%[kk e/;s lrr lkscr feGfo.;klkBh euq”;kyk fe=kaph

vko’;drk iMr vlrs- eS=h dfjrk var%dj.kkps eksBsi.k] mnkjrk o fo’kkyrk vl.ks

Qkj vko’;d vkgs- gs xq.k vlY;kl ladV o nkfjæÓkke/;s lq)k euq”;kyk fe=kaph

deh Hkklr ukgh- ân;kP;k ;k fodflr fLFkrhe/;s vkEgkyk taxykr lq)k fe= feGwu

tkrkr- rsFkhy i’kq&i{kh lq)k vkeps fe= cuwu tkrkr-

izfl) nk’kZfud flljks ;kauh fyghys vkgs- ^^;k txkr euq”;klkBh eS=his{kk

tkLr ekSY;oku vls dkgh ukgh**- egkRek xka/khthaP;k ‘kCnkr lkaxk;ps >kY;kl&^^[kjs

fe= feG.ks gs euq”;klkBh nSoh ojnku vkgs**- eS=h gh ftrdh ekSY;oku vkgs] frrdhp

R;kyk fuekZ.k dj.ks] fLFkj Bso.ks o usgehlkBh fVdfo.ks lq)k dBh.k vkgs- eS=hyk

fVdfo.;klkBh ,d&nqlÚ;ka e/khy oS;fDrd o LokHkkfod nks”k&nqxqZ.kkauk xkS.k letkos

ykxrs- vls u dsY;kl nqlÚ;kaps nks”k c?k.;kP;k izo`fÙkus o vkilkrhy

vkjksi&izR;kjksikeqGs eS=h rqVk;yk osG ykxr ukgh- eS=h fVdfo.;kpk eq[; vk/kkj

vkgs&ijLijkae/khy ln~xq.kkapk ‘kks/k ?ks.ks] R;kyk izksRlkgu ns.ks vkf.k R;krgh lokZr

egRokph vko’;drk vkgs] lfg”.kqrk o mnkjrsph-

baxzthrhy ,d izfl) Eg.k vkgs- “A friend in need is a friend

indeed” – vFkkZr ladV dkGkr dkekr ;s.kkjk o lkFk fuHkfo.kkjk euq”;p [kjk fe=

fdaok vkn’kZ lkscrh vlrks- ;ko#u Li”Vp vkgs dh vkn’kZ fe= fdaok eS=hph ifj{kk

  161  

?ks.;kph dlksVh gh ladV dkGp vlrs- ;k laca/kkr jghe ;kaP;k nksgÓkkpk vkotwZu

mYys[k djkoklk okVrks-

^^lq[k laink es lxs] cur cgqr cgq jhfrA

foifÙk dlkSVh ts dls] rs gh lkWps ehrAA**

eS=h laca/kh nwljh egRokph xks”V Eg.kts R;kr ,d nqlÚ;kae/khy erHksnkauk oj

;sÅ nsÅ u;s- fe= laca/kke/;s ijLij ,d nqlÚ;kapk O;ogkj brdk eksdGk vlk;yk

gok dh dq.kkykp ,d nqlÚ;kaoj ‘kadk ;s.kkj ukgh- eS=h Eg.kts nksu O;fDrps gkfnZd

feyu vkgs- v’kk yksdkaP;k vkarfjd thoukr Qkj toGhdrk vlrs] rlsp R;kiklwu

izsfjr vlysY;k ckâÓk thoukr lq)k Qkj lkE; vlrs- [kjs o vkReh; fe= ykHk.ks

Eg.kts ,dizdkjs [kÚ;k laiÙkhyk izkIr dj.;klkj[ksp vkgs- vk;q”;kr HksV.kkÚ;k

gtkjks&yk[kks yksdkaiSdh vkn’kZ fe= rj dq.kh ,[kknkp vlw ‘kdrks- ckdh loZ rj

QDr O;ogkjkiqjrsp e;kZfnr vlrkr-

vktP;k ;k izfrdwy dkGke/;s euq”;kus fe=kaiklwu usgeh lko/kku jkgk;yk gos-

,dk vuqHkoh O;Drhus ;ksX;p EgVys vkgs] dh ^^gs Hkxoark ! eyk fe=kaiklwu okpo-

‘k=wiklwu rj eh Lor%ps j{k.k Lor%p d#u ?ksbZy-** vktpk fe= gk fe=RokP;k

ukok[kyh ‘k=w lkj[kkp O;ogkj djrks- ‘k=wa iklwu Lor%ps j{k.k dj.ks lksis vkgs- ijarq

fe=kP;k os”kkr yiysY;k ‘k=wiklwu Lor%ps j{k.k dj.ks Qkj dBh.k vkgs- dks.krkgh

Hkkoqd o HkksGk euq”; R;kaP;k ;k baætkGke/;s lkiMwu ekjY;k tkÅ ‘kdrks-

vktP;k ;k txkr ftFks izR;sd oLrq cukoVh vkgs] frFks udyh fe= lq)k feGw

ykxys vkgsr- Eg.kwu dq.kk’kh fe=Rokps ukrs LFkkfir dj.;kalkBh euq”;kus Hkkoqdrsus

dke ?ksÅ u;s- tesi;Zar dehr&deh fe= cuokosr o R;kauk ;ksX; izdkjs letwu o

ikj[kwu ?;kos- fe= cuforkauk ,dk Bjkfod e;kZnsis{kk tkLr mnkjrk nk[kfo.ks Eg.kts

Lor%P;k pgqdMs xqIr os”kkr yiysY;k ‘kks”kdkauk o ‘k=wauk tek dj.ks vkgs-

prqj yksda gs Lor%pk LokFkZ fl) dj.;klkBh laiUu] lq’khy] Hkkoqd o mnkj

eukP;k O;fDarps fe= cuwu tkrkr] rs Lor%pk osG dk<.;klkBh o euksjatu

dj.;klkBh v’kk yksdkadMs tkowu iksgksprkr- vls yksda lq)k ;k txkr vkgsr ts

,[kk|k lH; o fuO;Zluh euq”;kps fe= cuwu R;kauk lq)k O;luh cuowu Vkdrkr vkf.k

v’kkizdkjs fdrh rjh HkksGÓkk o Hkkowd O;fDaruk pkfjf=d o vkfFkZd n`f”Vus uqdlku

iksgkspforkr- thouke/;s fe= vl.ks vko’;d vkgs- ijarq R;kis{kk eksBh vko’;drk gh

  162  

vkgs dh dq.kk’kh eS=h LFkkfir dj.;kvk/kh vkEgh tkLrhr&tkLr lko/kku o lrdZ

jkgkos- ‘k=qpk okj ,dnkpk v;’kLoh gksÅ ‘kdrks- ijarq fe=kP;k #ikus toG

ckGxysY;k ‘k=wpk okj d/khp v;’kLoh gksr ukgh- eS=hlkj[;k ifo= o gkfnZd laca/kk

dfjrk v’kkp O;Drh mi;qDr letY;k tkÅ ‘kdrkr] T;k LoHkkokus lTtu vkgsr-

;qodkauks ! vkEgh Lor%yk vls cuokos dh tks dq.kh vkeP;k’kh eS=h djsy]

R;kyk Lor%P;k lkSHkkX;kph Lrqrh djkoh‘kh okVsy- lTtu o ‘kkyhu LoHkko gkp

[kÚ;k eS=hP;k mÌs’Ókkyk iw.kZ djhr vlrks- Eg.kwu eS=hpk vkuan fdaok ykHk ?ks.kkÚ;k

fdaok ns.kkÚ;k O;fDare/;s ;k Js”Brk vl.ks Qkj vko’;d vkgs-

dkSVaqfcdrk] lkekftd o jk”Vªh;rk

O;Drh o lektkrhy nqok Eg.kts dqVqac gks;- dqVqackyk rh [kk.k Eg.krk ;sbZy

th O;ofLFkr vlY;kl R;krwu fdrhrjh uj&jRu ckgsj fu?kw ‘kdrkr vkf.k ;k ns’kkyk

izR;sd n`f”Vus xkSjo’kkyh cuow ‘kdrkr- lektkps ts fojkV Lo#i fnlwu ;srs rs

dqVqackP;k NksVÓkk&NksVÓkk ?kVdkapk lewgp vkgs-

dqVqac Eg.kts ,d NksVk lekt o jk”Vª vkgs- R;krhy lqO;oLFkk o ‘kkyhurk gh

frrdhp egRokph vkgs- ftrdh ,dk eksBÓkk lektkph] dqVqackyk] vkReh;rsP;k

foLrkjkph ,d NksVh ijarq n`< v’kh iz;ksx’kkGk EgVY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- ;k NksVÓkk’kk

dqVqackrqup dks.krhgh O;Drh Lusg] ln~Hkko] lgdkj o vkReh;rspk izkFkfed /kMk f’kdqu

oSf’od dqVqackdMs vxzslj gksrs- ;k NksVÓkk’kk iz;ksx’kkGsr ojhy loZ xq.kkapk fodkl

d#u euq”; vkReksérhP;k ekxkZoj vxzslj gksr tkrks- ;kyk ,d vls fo|ky; Eg.krk

;sbZy T;krhy izR;sd lnL;kyk] Lor%P;k dÙkZO;kyk o lkekftd mÙkjnkf;Rokauk

let.;kps o R;kauk fuHkfo.;kps f’k{k.k feGr vlrs-

vkEgkyk vkeP;k dqVqackr lqO;oLFkk fVdfo.;klkBh iw.kZ vkoMhus ykxk;yk gos

vkf.k R;klkBh ‘kD; gksbZLrks Lor% osG |k;yk gok- ?kjkrhy izR;sd O;Drh o izR;sd

oLrq gh lkQ&LoPN] uhVusVdh vlkoh- izR;sd lkeku gs vkiY;k tkxsoj

O;ofLFkri.ks Bsoysys vlkos- ?kjkrhy oLraqph rqVQqV >kY;kl R;kauk lq/kkj.;kph rlsp

?kjkph jax&jaxksVh o R;kyk lqlfTtr Bso.;kph dyk ?kjkrhy izR;sd o;Ld lnL;kauk

;k;yk goh- v’kk NksVÓkk&NksVÓkk dkekae/;s eqykaps lgdk;Z vkEgh ?;k;yk gos-

,d fu;fer fnup;kZ cuowu ?kjkrhy dkekauk fuiVfo.;kr ;kos- ?kjkrhy

dks.kR;kgh ygku&eksBÓkk lnL;kaoj dkekpk vuko’;d Hkkj iMw u;s ;kph dkGth

  163  

?;koh- ygku eqykauk ‘kkGk&dkWystps f’k{k.k ns.;klkscrp ln~xq.kh o Lokoyach

cufo.ks lq)k ikydkaps dÙkZO; vkgs-

T;k dqVqackrhy lnL; R;kx] mnkj o`Ùkh] Lusg o lgdk;kZP;k vk/kkjs ,dkp

fopkjkus o ,dkp Hkkousus ijLij n`<ius tqGysys vlrkr vkf.k ftFks vuq’kklu]

f’k”Vkpkj] lnkpkj o fu;e&e;kZnsps ;Fkksfpr ikyu dsY;k tkrs] R;k dqVqackrhy loZ

lnL;kauk vkivkiY;k mÌs’;kauk lq[k&’kkarrsiwoZd iw.kZ dj.;kph la/kh feGr vlrs-

ijarq T;k dqVqackr jk=a&fnol Dys’k&dygkps o LokFkhZ fopkjkaps okrkoj.k cuysys

vlrs] rs LokHkkfodi.ks irukdMs tkrkr gs fuf’pr- dqVqackr ln~KkukP;k fodklkph

vko’;drk izR;sd o;Ld lnL;kus vuqHkok;yk goh vkf.k R;kyk R;kus iw.kZ djkos]

?kjkrhy ,dgh lnL; foghjhrhy csMdkizek.ks ladqfpr izo`Ùkhpk jkgw u;s] izR;sd ?kjkr

vkfLrdrsps okrkoj.k jkgk;ykp gos- ,d nso&eanhj izR;sd ?kjkr vo’; vlkos] loZ

lnL;kauh ueu&oanukpk Øe ;sFks fu;feri.ks pkyw Bsokok-

?kjkrhy çR;sd lnL;kauh vkivkiY;k dkekrp O;Lr jkgw u;s] rj ,d&

nqlÚ;kaP;k fopkjkauk ,sd.;kP;k] let.;kP;k o lg;ksx ns.;kP;k fLFkfre/;s lq)k

R;kauh vlkos- ;k Js”B ijaijsyk çR;sd dqVqackr iqUgk izpfyr djk;yk gos- vfr

f’kf{kr lnL;kauh vYi f’kf{kr lnL;kauk f’kdokos- lok±uh lkscr&lkscr [ksGkos]

fQjk;yk tkos- T;kyk th xks”V ;sr vlsy rh R;kus nqlÚ;kauk f’kdokoh- lokZuh lkscr

clwu tso.k djkos- vktkji.k rlsp lq[k&nq%[kkr ,d&nqlÚ;kaph iw.kZ dkGth ?;koh-

,d&nqlÚ;ka’kh f’k”VkpkjiwoZd okxkos] cksykos- erHksn vkf.k fojks/k o la?k”kkZph osG

vkY;koj lq)k f’k”Vkpkjkps mYya?ku dq.kh d# u;s- viO;; dj.;kph lwV dq.kkykgh

vlw u;s- vkjksX; o f’k{k.kkdfjrk fdrhgh iSlk [kpZ dsyk rjh pkysy] ijarq lq[kksiHkksx

o FkkVkekVkP;k thouklkBh ukgd [kpZ dq.khgh d# u;s- çR;sdkP;k oSpkfjd Lokra«;kpk

lUeku dsY;k tkok- ;kckcrhr dq.kkojgh dks.kR;kgh izdkjpk vuqi;qDr izfrca/k

ykoY;k tkÅ u;s rlsp mPN`a[kyrspk O;ogkj lq)k dq.kh d# u;s- rsOgkp dqVqacke/;s

lqlarqyu fVdw ‘kdrs-

dqVqackyk ,dk lgdkjh lferhP;k #ikus fodflr djk;yk gos- ?kjkrhy

EgkrkÚ;k lnL;kauh lq)k] fjdkes cl.ks gk R;kapk vf/kdkj o lUeku vkgs] vls letw

u;s] rj Lor%P;k lkeF;kZuqlkj Je djhr R;kauh dqVqackP;k fodklkdfjrk vkiys

;ksxnku |kos- mÙkjkf/kdkj Eg.kwu Hkjiwj laiÙkhyk lksMwu tk.ks Eg.kts Lor%P;kp eqykaps

  164  

iru o uqdlku dj.ks vkgs- R;kauk lq;ksX; o Lokoyach cuokos vkf.k esgurhP;k

dekbZoj fuokZg dj.;kr R;kauk LokfHkekukpk vuqHko ?ksÅ |kok-

lkekftdrk

euq”; gk ,d lkekftd izk.kh vkgs- lektkP;k lg;ksxkusp izR;sdkyk lq[kh o

lok±xh.k ckcrhr fodflr gks.;kph la/kh feGr vlrs- ,dkdhi.ks jkgwu Lor%ph

fdrhgh mérh dsY;k xsyh rjh okbZV ifjfLFkfrr vl.kkÚ;k lektkr jkgwu dq.khgh

lq[k&’kkarhiwoZd jkgw ‘kdr ukgh- vkEgh Lor%yk lekt#ih ?kMhpk ,d NksVklk

vo;o ek= letk;yk gos Lor%P;k dk;k±uk o O;ogkjkyk vkEgh v’kk izdkjs Bsokos

dh gh ?kMh O;ofLFkri.ks pkyr jkghy- ;kdfjrk vkEgkyk lkekftd e;kZnsps o

ukxfjd dÙkZO;kaps lko/kkuhiwoZd ikyu djk;yk gos-

vkEgh nqlÚ;kalkscr rlkp O;ogkj djkok] t’kk O;ogkjkph vis{kk vkEgh

nqlÚ;kadMwu Lor%lkBh djhr vlrks- ;k dlksVhoj dlY;kuarj ts dk;Z [kjs Bjrhy

R;kaukp uSfrd fdaok lkekftd EgVY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- vkEgh dq.kkP;kgh ukxfjd

vf/kdkjkaps guu d# u;s- dq.kkaps ‘kks”k.k dj.;kpk] R;kaP;koj ncko vk.k.;kpk fdaok

R;kauk /kksdk ns.;kpk fopkjgh vkEgh d: u;s- vuSfrd o vlkekftd dk;kZapk fojks/k

d#u laxfBr psrusyk vkEgh mRié djk;yk gos- lektkr izpfyr vlysY;k

vuSfrdrsyk] okbZV pkyhjhfruka o ew[kZi.kkP;k ekU;rsyk feVfo.;klkBh lrr vkanksyu

djhr jkg.ks vko’;d vkgs- Lor%P;k erkf/kdkjkpk iz;ksx Qkj fopkj d#u vkf.k

QDr mi;qDr O;fDrlkBhp vkEgh djkok- ;k cqf/nyk yksdra=krhy izR;sd ernkjkae/;s

vkEgh mRié djkos- lH; lektkP;k izR;sd lnL;kus f’k”Vkpkj] ln~O;ogkj] ekuork]

o lkewfgdrsP;k ln~izo`fÙkauk vkiY;k thoukr vaxhdkjk;yk gos-

O;fDroknkfo”k;h mis{kspk Hkko vkf.k lkewfgdrsfo”k;h fu”Bk Bso.kkÚ;k O;fDrapk

lektp lok±fx.k ckcrhr fodflr gksr vlrks vkf.k v’kk lektkrhy lnL;p lq[kh

jkgw ‘kdrkr- izR;sd O;fDrus lektkizfr vl.kkÚ;k vkiY;k mÙkjnkf;aRokauk o drZO;kauk

iw.kZ djk;yk gos rlsp Lor%P;k O;fDreRokP;k Lrjkyk lq)k R;kus map mBokos rks

lektkiklwu osxGk vlk jkgwp ‘kdr ukgh vkf.k R;kps Lor%ps Lora= vls O;fDrRo

lq)k vlw ‘kdr ukgh- lektkr jkg.ks vkf.k ;krp jkgwu Lor%pk o lektkpk fodkl

dj.ks ghp R;kph fu;rh vkgs vkf.k lektkr jkgwup R;kP;k O;fDreRokph fufeZrh

gksÅ ‘kdrs] gkp fopkj R;kus djkok-

  165  

vkEgkyk vkjksX;] f’k{k.k] iSlk] in] euksjatu bR;knh T;k dkgh lks;h miyC/k

>kY;k vkgsr] R;kdfjrk vkEgh lektkps _.kh vkgksr] ;k okLrfodrsyk vkEgh y{kkr

vlw |kos- lektkps lgdk;Z tj vkEgkyk ykHkys ulrs rj ,dkdh thou txr ;k

lainsyk izkIr dj.ks vkEgkl dnkfprp ‘kD; >kys vlrs- v’kk fLFkfrr izR;sd

O;fDrps gs drZO; vkgs dh lektkrhy nqlÚ;ka lnL;kauh fdaok lektkus R;kP;k

fodklkr tks dkgh lg;ksx fnyk vkgs] R;kph ijrQsM dj.;klkBh R;kus lkekftd

fu”Bspk fodkl Lor%e/;s djkok-

lrr yksHk o LokFkkZP;k ladh.kZrse/;s jkgwu vkEgh laiérsyk tjh izkIr dsys rjh

rh ‘ksoVh vfgrdkjhp fl) gksrs- ;keqGs oS;fDrd thoukr v’kkarrsyk vkf.k

lkekftd thoukr ok<ysY;k vLrkO;Lrrsyk lgti.ks c?khrY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- Eg.kwu

Lor%lkscr jkg.kkÚ;k dqVaqfc;kaizrh drZO;kps fuoZgu djhr lektkizrh lq)k

dkSVqfEcdrsP;k Hkkousyk vkEgh mRié djkos vkf.k ladh.kZrsP;k oy;krwu ckgsj iMkos-

vkEgk lok±lkBh gsp xjtsps vkgs-

jk”Vªh;rk

dÙkZO;&/kekZ e/;s rhu /keZ izeq[k ekuY;k xsys vkgsr- oS;fDrd /keZ] lekt

/keZ o jk”Vª/keZ] oS;fDrd /keZ gk O;fDrP;k lq[k&lks;h lkBh o izxrhlkBh vlrks-

lekt /kekZ e/;s O;Drh o lektkP;k izxfrpk fopkj dsY;k tkrks] tsOgk dh jk”Vª&/kekZ

e/;s O;Drh] lekt o jk”Vª ;k fr?kkaP;kgh mérhpk fopkj gksr vlrks- Eg.kwu QDr

jk”Vª /kekZps ikyu dsY;kus ckdh nksu /kekZpk fuokZg vkiksvkip gksÅu tkrks- Eg.kwup

frUgh /kekZ e/;s jk”Vª/kekZyk lokZr egRokps eku.;kr vkys vkgs- ru] eu] /ku] Je]

lk/ku] O;olk;] fopkj] dyk] foKku o /keZ&v/;kRekP;k izlkjk}kjs jk”Vªkph lsok

dj.ks] R;kP;k lq[k&’kkarrsyk vkf.k le`)h o izxrhyk ok<fo.;klkBh fu”BkiwoZd

iz;Ru dj.ks] gkp jk”Vª /keZ vkgs- ;kyk vktpk lokZr eksBk o egRokpk /keZ EgVY;k

xsys vkgs- euq”; T;k /kj.kh ekrsP;k ekaMhoj [ksGr o ok<r Lor%pk fodkl djrks]

T;krhy laL—rh}kjs Lor%P;k thoukyk lH; o lqlaL—r cuforks] tUekiklwu e`R;qIk;±r

T;kP;k vla[; midkjkauh o vuqnkukauh vuqxzghr gksrks o Lor%ph izxrh djrks] R;k

jk”VªkP;k izxfrpk fopkj dj.ks] gs vkeps vko’;d drZO; gksÅu tkrs- ;kdfjrk vkEgh

v’kk thou&i)fryk Lohdkjkos T;kr lok±P;k fgrkpk lekos’k vlsy] rsOgkp vkEgh

[kÚ;k vFkkZus jk”VªkP;k R;k _.kkiklwu m_.k gksÅ ‘kdrks] ts vk;q”;Hkj vkeP;koj

  166  

yknY;k tkr vlrkr- _.k gs dks.kR;kgh izdkjps dka vlks] R;kph ijrQsM dj.;krp

vkEgh —rKrk letk;yk goh-

ekr`Hkwehyk vkbZP;k lerqY; ekuY;k xsys vkgs- T;k ns’kkps vkEgh ukxfjd

vkgksr] T;k tehuhrwu vkEgh tUekyk vkyks vkgksr] ftus vkEgkyk brD;k loZ

lq[k&lks;h miyC/k d#u fnY;k vkgsr vkf.k vkEgkyk euq”; Eg.k.;k;ksX; cufoys

vkgs] rh /kjk gh fuf’prp ^vkbZ* Eg.k.;k;ksX; vkgs- rsOgkp rj vkEgh vkiY;k

ns’kkyk ^Hkkjrekrk* ukokus lacksf/kr djrks- vkbZph enr tj ckGkyk feGkyh ukgh rj

rks thoar jkgw ‘kdsy dka \ uDdhp ukgh vkf.k letk jkghykp rj rks vux< o

vlH;p jkghy- ekr`HkwehP;k laca/kkr lq)k ghp xks”V ykxw iMrs- euq”; T;k ns’kkpk

ukxfjd vlrks] frFksp R;kyk izFke f’k{k.k izkIr gksrs- R;kP;k fufeZrhe/;s] izxrh o

le`)he/;s R;k jk”Vªkphp lk/ku&laink mi;ksxh iMr vlrs vkf.k R;k}kjsp rks ,d

lq;ksX; ukxfjd cuw ‘kdrks- ;k n`f”Vus c?khrY;kl tuuh o tUeHkwehyk ,dkp Js.khr

Bsork ;sbZy vkf.k Eg.kwup R;ka nks?kkaukgh LoxkZis{kk egku EgVY;k xsys vkgs- ;kyk

dkj.k gsp dh LoxkZe/;s euq”;kyk QDr vkuanp feGr vlrks] tsOgk dh vkbZ o

ekr`HkwehtoG jkgk.ks gs Lor%e/;sp ,d vkuannk;h dk;Z vlrs] ;kf’kok; rh ,dk

lq;ksX; eqykyk o ukxfjdkyk ?kMfors lq)k-

laf{kIri.ks lkaxk;ps >kY;kl] T;k dk;kZ}kjs ;qx /kekZps ikyu gksrs] ns’k

izxfr’khy curks] lektkr ,drk] lerk] Lusg o izsekpk vk/kkj mHkk gksrks- R;k lok±uk

jk”Vª/keZp ekuY;k xsys vkgs- izR;sd euq”;kus v’kk dk;kZe/;s ykxwu lsok/kekZps o

jk”Vª/kekZps ikyu djk;yk gos- ;k dkekyk ladVdkGkrhy lokZr eksBs iq.; o ijekFkZ

ekuY;k xssys vkgs- yksda [kk.;k&dekfo.;kr o thoukrhy xqarkxqarhyk lksMfo.;krp

vkiY;k laiw.kZ vk;q”;kyk ?kkyowu Vkdrkr- dkgh ekstD;kp yksdkaP;k thoukr v’kh

osG ;sr vlrs dh] T;kr R;kauk thoukP;k lkFkZdrsps lkSHkkX; çkIr gksr vlrs- ,ds

fno’kh izR;sdkykp ejkos ykx.kkj vkgs- ijarq yksd&ijyksdkP;k ekxkZyk iz’kLr dj.kkjs]

Lor%P;k ;’kkyk vej cufo.kkjs vkf.k dÙkZO; ikyukpk vkn’kZ txkleksj ekaM.kkjs

ej.k dkgh ekstD;kp HkkX;oarkuk ykHkr vlrs- bfrgkldkjkauh T;k yksdkauk ‘kghnkaP;k

Lof.kZe LFkkukoj tkxk fnyh vkgs] R;kapk bfrgkl okprkauk izR;sd Hkkouk’khy

O;fDrP;k eukr gk fopkj ;srks dh] vkEgkyk lq)k R;kaP;klkj[ksp dk;Z dj.;kph la/kh

feGkyh vlrh rj vkeps gs euq”; thou lq/nk /kU; gksÅu xsys vlrs-

  167  

‘ksdMks o”kkZP;k xqykefxjhP;k ik’kkyk rksMwu vkEgh Lora= >kyks vkgksr- ijarq

;k Lokra«;kpk Qk;nk rsOgkp vkgs] tsOgk vkEgh izR;sd {ks=kr fodklkph ;ksX; O;oLFkk

ykow- vkt vkuankph xks”V gh vkgs dh R;k fn’ksus dkgh iz;Ru lq)k gksr vkgsr-

vkS|ksfxd fodklk}kjs mÙkeksÙke oLrqaps mRiknu dj.;kph O;oLFkk cukoh] ‘ksrhpk

fodkl Ogkok] —“kh&mRié ok<kos] vkjksX;kph lk/kus fodflr Ogkoh] oSKkfud

‘kks/k&vuqla/kkuke/;s vkEgh Hkkxhnkjh djkoh v’kk loZ xks”Vhaph vkt vko’;drk vkgs-

ijarq ;k lkscr&lkscr ,d xks”Vkaph ;kis{kk tkLr vko’;drk vkgs vkf.k rh vkgs

jk”VªkP;k pkfjf=d mRFkkukph] HkkSfrd le`)h ok<fo.;klkscr uSfrdrsP;k fodklklkBh

iz;Ru dj.;kr vkys ukghr] rj rh fLFkrh vkeP;klkBh fouk’kkps dkj.k cuw ‘kdrs-

,d&,d O;Drh feGwup lekt cur vlrks- T;k lektkrhy yksda ifjJeh] bZekunkj]

lR;fu”B o vkn’kZfiz; vlrhy] rks lekt vkiksvkip fnolsafnol mér gksr tkbZy

vkf.k jk”VªkP;k fodklkps okrkoj.k lq/nk cusy- ^^lekt o jk”VªkP;k dY;k.kkrp

O;fDrps fgr lqjf{kr vlrs**- lekt’kkL=krhy gk fl)kUr ‘kaHkj VDds [kjk vkgs] ;k

lkscrp oS;fDrd LokFkkZleksj lkeqfgd o jk”Vªh; fgrkaph cGh p<fo.kkÚ;k lektkps

v/k%iru lq)k lqfuf’pr vlrs] gs dFku lq)k frrdsp lR; vkgs- vls jk”Vª vFkok

lekt ftFks lgkuqHkwfrph xaxk euq”;kP;k ân;kr lrr izokghr gksr vlrs] rsFkhy ekuo

thou d/khp vkslkM gksÅ ‘kdr ukgh- izse o n;sP;k loZJs”B okrkoj.kkrp dks.krsgh

jk”Vª fodflr gksr vlrs- vkeP;k jk”Vªkdfjrk rj v’kh fLFkrh gk R;kpk bfrgklp

jkghysyk vkgs- Hkkjrkpk HkwrdkG gk lkStU;rspk] n;k] izse o d:.kspk jkghysyk vkgs-

;keqGs R;k dkGkrhy jk”Vªh; thou lq)k lq[kh&le`) gksrs- vktP;k ifjfLFkfre/;s R;k

‘kfDraps vorj.k iqUgk ‘kD; vkgs] T;k izkphu dkGkr ;k ns’kkr gksR;k- vkt jk”VªkP;k

fodklklkBh o fo’o ‘kkafrlkBh R;kaph lokZr tkLr vko’;drk vkgs-

çfarHksP;k fodklkdfjrk foKkulEer iz;ksx o mipkj

izfrHkspk vFkZ gk usgeh vkn’kkZdMs tk.kkjh cq)h o HkkousP;k lefUor

fodklk’kh tksMk;yk gok] vls izfrHkklaié O;fDrp Lor%yk izsj.kkiqat o vkn’kk±P;k

izfrdkP;k #ikus fodflr djhr vlrkr- rs QDr Lor%ykp uOgs rj dkGkyk lq)k

/kU; cuowu Vkdrkr- bFks v’kkp izfrHksP;k fodklklaca/kh ppkZ dsY;k tkr vkgs-

ygku eqykauk fygh.;kP;k ikVhoj vadkuk ekst.ks&fygh.ks f’kdfo.ks fdaok rhu

pkdh xkMhpk vk/kkj ?ksÅu pkyk;yk f’kdfo.;k izek.ksp dkgh vH;klkaP;k ek/;ekus

  168  

loZlkekU;kauk izfrHkk laikfnr dj.;kP;k fn’ksr vxzslj dj.ks ‘kD; vkgs dka \ ;k

iz’ukps mÙkj ^gks* e/;sp fnY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- loZlkekU; O;Drh ‘kkjhfjd vax&

vo;okauk iq”V o etcwr dj.;klkBh vk[kkMîkkr tk.;kph vko’;drk izfrikfnr

djrkr- frFks tkÅu dkgh fu/kkZfjr vH;klkyk Lohdkj.ks] ‘kkjhfjd vax&vo;okauk

etcwr cufo.;klkBh O;k;kekpk miØe jkcfo.ks o vkgkjke/;s ;ksX; rs ifjorZu dj.ks]

;k xks”Vh R;klkBh vko’;d ekuY;k tkrkr- izfrHksP;k ifj”dkjk dfjrk lq)k vlsp

dkgh lk/kusps miØe fu/kkZfjr dsys vkgsr vkf.k rs cÚ;kp izek.kkr ;’kLoh gksr

vlrkauk lq)k c?k.;kr vkys vkgs- v’kkp dkgh mipkjkapk T;kapk czEgopZlP;k ‘kks/k

izfØ;s e/;s iz;ksx dsY;k tkrks vFkok T;kauk orZeku fdaok la’kksf/kr #ikr mi;ksxkr

vk.k.;kph iwjsiwj laHkkouk vkgs] v’kkapkp mYys[k bFks dsY;k tkr vkgs-

1- Loladsr ¼vkWVks lts’ku½ & ;kdfjrk ‘kkar okrkoj.kkr clkos ‘kjhj fLFkj

vlkos- eu ,dkxz d#u Hkkouk djkoh dh vkeP;k esanwrwu fu?k.kkÚ;k izk.k fo|qrpk

lkBk ‘kjhjkrhy vax&vo;okae/;s vis{ksis{kk tkLr izek.kkr izokfgr gksr vkgs- ‘kjhjkr

vlysY;k ‘kSfFkY;kps LFkku lkeF;Zoku vlysyh lfØ;rk ?ksr vkgs- ;keqGs vkeps

izR;sd vax&vo;o iq”V gksr vkgsr- bafæ;kaph {kerk ok<r vkgs- psgÚ;kojhy dkarh

ok<r vkgs vkf.k ckSf)d Lrjke/;s vls foy{k.k ifjorZu ?kMwu ;sr vkgs dh T;kpk

vuqHko izfrHksP;k fodklkP;k #ikus vkEgk Lor%yk o nqlÚ;kauk lq)k gksr vkgs-

okLrfodrk rj ghp vkgs dh Loladsrke/;sp vkeP;k laiw.kZ ekufld

dk;kdYikps jgL; yiysys vkgs- Jqrhph ekU;rk vkgs dh] ^^;ks ;PN)% l ,o l%**

;kpk vFkZ gkp dh tks tlk fopkj djrks vkf.k Lor%fo”k;h t’kh Hkkouk djrks] rks

rlkp cuwu tkrks- ^^bZ’kku% o/ka ;o;** vFkkZr tks tlk fopkj djrks o dk;Z djrks]

rks rlkp cuwu tkrks- fo/ks;kRed fparu dsY;kus] o egkiq#”kkaP;k xq.kkauk Lor%e/;s

/kkj.k dj.;kP;k Hkkousus rlsp ltkrh; fopkj vkeP;kdMs vkdf”kZr gksrkr o

thoukyk mi;ksxh vl.kkÚ;k fo|qr izokgkyk mRié d# ykxrkr-

Loladsr lk/kus }kjs Lor%P;k vkHkkeaMGkyk ,d izdkjs ‘kfDroku pqacdkP;k

#ikr cnyfoY;k tkrs- euksoSKkfud Eg.krkr & ^^ÇFkd ,.M xzks fjp** fdaok ^^,MkIV

ikftfVo fizalhiy VqMs** & ;kpk vFkZ gkp dh fo/ks;kRed fopkj djk vkf.k ;kp

{k.kkyk djk] ts.ksd#u rqEgh Lor%yk Js”B cuow ‘kdky- loZ egkiq#”k gs Loladsrk}kjsp

egku cuys vkgsr- xka/khthauh jktk gfj’paæ ukVd c?kwu Lor%ykp gk ladsr fnyk gksrk

dh R;kauh lR;kP;k iz;ksxkauk thoukr mrjokos o R;kP;k ifj.kkekauk c?kkos- R;kaP;k

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izxrhe/;s ;k fparukph fdrh eksBh Hkwfedk gksrh] ;kyk loZ yksda tk.krkrp Loladsr

lk/kusyk lfoLrji.ks let.;klkBh iq<s ;s.kkjk ys[k vki.k okpkok-

2- vkj’Ókk }kjs lk/kuk & gh oLrqr% Lor%ojp ns[kjs[k dj.;kph o vkRe

ifj”dkj dj.;kph lk/kuk vkgs- ;kdfjrk ,dk eksBÓkk vkdkjkP;k vkj’kkleksj clkos-

lq[kklku ?kkywu tehuhoj fdaok [kqphZoj lq)k clrk ;srs- ;k lk/kuse/;s Lor%P;k

m?kMÓkk ‘kjhjkP;k izR;sd vaxkps fo’okliw.kZ utjsus voyksdu djkos- lokZr vk/kh

Lor%fo”k;h fparu djkos vkf.k Lor%e/;s vl.kkÚ;k loZ nks”k&nqxqZ.kkaiklwu vkEgh eqDr

gksr vkgksr] v’kh Hkkouk djkoh- rh ije lÙkk uDdhp Qkj n;kGq vkgs- vkrk vkEgh

Lor%P;k HkwrdkGkyk fol#u ‘kjhjkP;k vkr loZ= izk.k ‘kDrh Hkjysyh vkgs vkf.k rh

lrr ok<r vkgs] v’kh vuqHkwrh ?;koh- izfrHksP;k fodklkph y{k.ks fuf’prp

vkeP;kleksj fnlwu ;sr vkgs vkf.k vkj’kkrhy vkeP;k izfrfcacke/;s vkeps laiw.kZ

vfLrRo foyhu gksr vkgs] v’kk izdkjps /;ku djkos- ;k /;ku izfØ;syk y; ;ksxkph

/;ku lk/kuk Eg.krkr vkf.k gh lk/kuk euq”;kpk HkkoukRed dk;kdYi d#u lksMrs-

3- jaxhr okrkoj.kkps /;ku & izR;sd jaxke/;s lw;Z fdj.kkae/khy osxosxGîkk

jlk;ukapk] /kkrwapk o fo|qr izokgkpk lekos’k vlrks] gs loZ ?kVd vkeP;k ‘kjhjkoj o

esanwoj vfrfjDr izHkko Vkdr vlrkr- ;krhy dkgh rRokaps izek.k ‘kjhjkr deh&tkLr

>kY;kl R;kr vusd izdkjps vktkj mRié gksrkr- ;k fof’k”B rRokaph lfØ;rk

ok<fo.;kdfjrk jaxhr ikjn’khZ dkpsP;k ek/;ekus fdaok fofHké jaxkP;k cYc }kjs ihfMr

vaxkoj jaxhr fdj.kkapk vko’;drsuqlkj iz;ksx dj.;kps fo/kku vkgs- izfrHksP;k

fodklkdfjrk lq/nk dkgh fof’k”B jaxkps /;ku MksGs can d#u dsY;k tkrs- ;kdfjrk

dkgh osGsIk;Zar lIr o.kkZrhy fu/kkZfjr jaxkps ¼tkaHkGk] fuGk] vkdk’kh] fgjok] fioGk]

ukjaxh] yky½ ¶ys’ksl LVªkscksLdksi ;a=k}kjs pedfoY;k tkrkr- ;keqGs MksG;kaoj

?kkrysY;k p”E;ke/;s rksp fo’ks”k o.kZ fnlr jkgrks- ;kpk izHkko esanwrhy lw{e dsUæakoj

o pØ laLFkkukaoj iMrks- ;k /;kukpk fu;feri.ks dkgh osG vH;kl dsY;kus vko’;d

vlysY;k ifjorZukP;k izfØ;sph lq#okr gksrs- ;k txkr loZ= R;kp ,dk jaxkps

vfLrRo vkgs vkf.k rks jax vkeP;k ‘kjhjkr izos’k d#u vHkh”V vlysY;k oSf’k”BÓkkph

ÅtkZ ‘kjhjkr izokghr djhr vkgs] vls /;ku ;kr dsY;k tkrs- gs /;ku ikp rs ngk

fefuVki;Zar dsY;k tkrs- fo’ks”kKka}kjs fHké&fHké iz—rhP;k lk/kdkalkBh fHké&fHké jaxkps

fu/kkZj.k d#up ;k izfØ;sph lq#okr dsY;k tkrs- dks.kR;kgh ;a=kph enr u ?ksrk QDr

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/;kuk}kjsp gh fØ;k dsY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- ika<Ú;k jaxke/;s loZ jaxkapk lekos’k vlrks]

Eg.kwu ika<Ú;k jaxkps /;ku gs lok±lkBhp mi;ksxh Bjrs-

4- izk.kkd”kZ.k izk.kk;ke & izfrHksP;k fodklkdjhrk ,d mipkj izk.kkd”kZ.k

izk.kk;kekapk lq)k vkgs- ;kdfjrk dacj ljG d#u lq[kkluke/;s gkr ekaMhoj Bsowu

clkos- ikBhpk d.kk ljG vlkok- vkeP;k lHkksorky ika<Ú;k <xkaizek.ks

izk.k&’kfDrpk leqæ mQkGwu ;sr vkgs vkf.k vkEgh R;ke/;s fuf’par gksÅu izlé

eqæse/;s clysyks vkgksr] v’kk izdkjps /;ku ;kr djkos- nksUgh ukdiqMÓkka}kjs gGq&gGq

‘okl vks<r Hkkouk djkoh dh ‘oklklkscr iz[kj çk.k ‘kfDrpk izokg lq)k ‘kjhjkr

izos’k djhr vkgs] vkf.k loZ vax&izR;axk }kjs ;k ‘kfDryk /kkj.k dsY;k tkr vkgs-

‘okl vks<rkauk izk.k ‘kfDrpk izokg ‘kjhjkr /kkj.k dsY;k tkr vkgs- ‘okl jksdrkauk

R;k izk.k’kfDryk ‘kjhjkrhy vax&vo;o /kkj.k djhr vkgs] v’kh Hkkouk ;kr djkoh

;kuarj ‘oklkyk ckgsj dk<r Hkkouk djkoh dh ts dkgh vuqi;qDr o nqcZyrsps rRo

vkr gksrs rs ‘oklklkscr foj?kGwu ckgsj fu?kr vkgsr vkf.k rs iqUgk ijr ;s.kkj ukghr]

;k izk.kk;kekyk lq#okrhyk ikp rs ngk fefuVs dj.ks iqjsls vkgs- ;k osGsyk gGq&gGq

ok<fork ;srs-

5- lw;Zos/ku izk.kk;ke & ;kdfjrk /;ku eqæsr clkos- ‘kjhjkoj dehr&deh

diMs vlkosr- rksaM iwosZdMs vkf.k osG v#.kksn;kpk vlkok- vkeph vkRelÙkk

vkeP;k ‘kjhjkrwu fu?kwu ljG lw;Zyksdki;Zar iksgkspr vkgs] v’kk izdkjps /;ku ;kr

djkos- T;kizek.ks lwbZ e/;s vksoysyk nksjk diMÓkkrwu ljG fu?kwu tkrks] isVR;k vfXu

e/kwu yks[kaMkph lGbZ vkjikj fu?kwu tkrs] R;kpizek.ks vkeph vkRelÙkk gh ldkGP;k

lw;kZps Hksnu djhr] R;kP;k vkjikj tkr vkgs] lw;kZP;k ÅtsZus Lor%ph psruk vksrizksr

gksr vkgs] mtO;k ukdiqMhus ?ksrysyk nh?kZ ‘okl lw;Z&pØkyk vkanksfyr o mÙksftr

djhr vkgs o R;krhy vkstl] rstl o opZl~ph Hkjiwj ek=k Lor%e/;s /kkj.k d#u

vkeP;krhy loZ nks”k&nqxqZ.kkauk MkO;k ukdiqMh}kjs ckgsj dk<r vkgs- vkrk vkeP;kr

vlysY;k izk.k&mtsZph ek=k lq)k iwohZis{kk Qkj tkLr ok<wu xsyh vkgs vkf.k rhp

ÅtkZ izfrHksP;k fodklkP;k #ikus vuqHkok;yk ;sr vkgs] v’kk izdkjps /;ku ;kr lrr

djkos- ;k izk.kk;keke/;s fØ;syk xkS.k o Hkkousyk eq[; letwu gk vH;kl fu;feri.ks

djkok- vlk vH;kl fuf’prp Qynk;h Bjr vlrks-

6- paqcd Li’kZ & mipkj izfØ;s e/;s pqacdkps ;ksxnku Qkj tkLr ekuY;k

xsys vkgs- ,D;qiaDpj] ,D;qizs’kj] o ‘kjhjkrhy lw{e laLFkkukauk eqækca/k }kjs izHkkfor

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dj.ks vkf.k pqacd fpfdRlk ;kr vn~Hkwr lkE; vkgs- vkeph i`Foh Eg.kts ,d fojkV

pqacd vkgs- rh mÙkj /kqzokekxsZ ,dk fuf’pr v’kk izk.k&’kfDryk Lor%dMs vks<rs vkf.k

vuko’;d] okbZV o VkdkÅ ‘kfDrauk nf{k.k /kqzokekxsZ ckgsj Qsdwu nsrs- pqacd

fpfdRlse/;s lq)k gkp fl)kUr okijY;k tkrks- ;ke/;s lkekU; {kerspk ,d

yksg&pqacd ?ksÅu R;kyk gGwokji.ks esanw] ikBhpk d.kk o ân;koj MkohdMwu mtohdMs

orqZGkdkj fQjfoY;k tkrs- daBkiklwu lq:okr djhr caschP;k o#u R;kyk usÅu

tuusafUæ;kIk;Zar R;kyk iksgkspkfoY;k tkrs- pqacdkyk v’kkçdkjs ‘kjhjko#u fQjfoY;kuarj

fdaok R;kpk Li’kZ ‘kjhjkyk dsY;kuarj R;kyk /kqowu Vkdkos] ts.ksd#u R;klkscr

dks.krkgh okbZV izHkko tqGwu jkg.kkj ukgh- pqacdkus izHkkfor dsysys ik.kh o fo|qr

pqacdkpk iz;ksx lq)k ;kp i)frus dsY;k tkÅ ‘kdrks- pqacdkpk iz;ksx dks.kR;k

vktkjklkBh vFkkZr ‘kjhjkrhy dks.kR;k U;wurslkBh] dks.kR;k #ikus o d’kk izdkjs

djkok] ;kyk fo’ks”kK yksdka}kjsp BjfoY;k tkrs-

7- izk.koku yksdkaps lkfUk/; & ‘kfDrikrkph rkaf=d fØ;k dj.;kr o

djowu ?ks.;kr lq)k Qkj dBh.k o tks[kehph vkgs] ;kis{kk ljG&lksis gsp vkgs dh]

dkgh egku o izk.koku O;fDraP;k lkfu/;kr jkg.;kpk tkLrhr&tkLr iz;Ru vkEgh

djkok- ;kdfjrk pj.kLi’kkZ lkj[;k egkiq#”kkaph toGhd lk/kukÚ;k miØekpk ykHk

?ksrY;k tkÅ ‘kdrks- vizR;{ki.ks vls /;ku lq)k dsY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs dh guqeku o

HkxhjFkk lkj[;k ,[kk|k izk.koku O;Drh lkscr vkeps HkkoukRed ,dRo LFkkfir gksr

vkgs o R;kaP;klkscr ikjLifjd nsok.k&?ksok.khpk Øe lq# >kysyk vkgs- T;kizek.ks

lkcuh}kjs diMÓkkojhy eG nwj gksÅu rks LoPN gksrks] r’kkp izdkjph Hkkouk ;k

/;ku&/kkj.ks e/;s dsY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- izsj.kknk;d fp=kauk c?k.ks o R;kaps fparu dj.ks]

rlsp egkiq#”kkaP;k xq.kkaps fparu lq)k ;kr lgk;d Bjr vlrs- ;k vk/kkjs lq)k

Lor%e/khy izk.k‘kfDrpk fodkl rlkp gksr vlrks] tls vkbZps Lruiku d#u eqyxk

o xq#P;k ‘kfDrus f’k”; ykHkkfUor gksr vlrks-

8- ukn;ksx & ok?k ;a= o R;kaP;k /ouh&ygjh ;kaps vkivkiys izHkko xq.k

vkgsr- ‘kkar fBdk.kh ;k ok|&;a=kauk ,Sd.;kpk vH;kl lq)k izfrHksP;k fodklkr

lgk;d Bjr vlrks- ‘kCn‘kDrh th vkeP;k psrusps b±/ku vkgs] frP;k Jo.kkus

vkarfjd ÅtkZ dsUækuk mÙksftr o tkx`r d#u izfrHkspk fodkl dj.ks ‘kD; vkgs-

VsifjdkMZjP;k ek/;ekus laxhr ,sdwu fdaok Lor% mPpkfjr dsysY;k ea=kauh fdaok

laxhrkoj /;ku dsUæhr d#u lq)k gs dk;Z ‘kD; vkgs- mi;qDr laxhrkph fuoM

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dj.;klkBh ;k fo”k;kP;k fo’ks”kKkph enr ?;k;yk goh- ,dkp ok|&laxhrkph fdaok

osGsuq#i ;ksX; jkxkaph fuoM djk;yk goh- lq#okrhyk Jo.kkpk osG ikp rs ngk

fefuVsp vlkok- gGwgGw ;k vH;klkyk ok<foY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- ;k laca/kkr osxosxGÓkk

LrjkaP;k yksdkalkBh] osxosxG;k uknkph fuoM dj.;kps o R;kaP;k dWlsV cufo.;kps

dk;Z ‘kkfUrdqat gfj}kj o ;qx fuekZ.k ;kstuk eFkqjs }kjs laié dsY;k tkr vkgs-

ukn;ksxkph dWlsV lq)k cufo.;kr vkyh vkgs] ;kyk ekxowu o lk/kukRed ekufldrk

cuowup dWlsV ,Sdk;yk goh-

9- izk;f’pr & O;fHkpkj] diV] Qlo.kwd o nqlÚ;kaP;k iS’kkps vigj.k

;klkj[;k nq”dekZeqGs lq)k izk.k ‘kDrh detksj iMrs vkf.k izfrHksP;k izek.kkr ?kV gksrs-

Eg.kwu R;k&R;k nq”dekZuq#i izk;f’pr ?;k;yk gos- f[kz’pu /kekZe/;s ^dUQs’ku* ps Qkj

tkLr egRo lkaxhrY;k xsys vkgs- ;kdfjrk] dsysY;k nq”dekZph HkjikbZ gksbZy vls

lRdeZ djk;yk gos- pkaæk;.k o gsekæh ladYik lkj[ks ozr o miokl lq)k ;k ikikaP;k

Hkkjkyk mrjfo.;kr lgk;d Bjrkr- ;k mipkjkaph foLr`r ekghrh ^xk;=h egkfoKku* o

^deZdkaM HkkLdj* iqLrdka}kjs fdaok ‘kkafrdaqt‘kh i=&O;ogkj d#u fdaok oS;fDrd

ijke’kkZ}kjs izkIr dsY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- dks.kR;k nks”kkadfjrk dq.kh] dks.krs izk;f’pr djkos]

;kdfjrk vk/;kfRed xq#a lkj[;k fo’ks”kK ‘kfDarpk lgkjk ?;kok- dsysY;k nq”dekZph

iw.kZ ekfgrh R;kauk |koh- ;keqGs eu gyds gksrs vkf.k Hkfo”;kr dkgh Js”B dk;Z

dj.;klkBh ;ksX; fn’kk feGrs- izk;f’pr gs eukyk LoPN dj.;kP;k euksoSKkfud

vko’;drsph iwrhZ djhr vlrs- izfrHksP;k fodklkdfjrk varjaxkyk lkQ&LoPN dj.ks

Qkj vko’;d vkgs-

10- vadqfjr /kkU;kpk dYd o oukS”k/khps lsou & vUu&/kkU; o vkS”k/kh;

ouLifrapk vkivkiyk izHkko xq.k vlrks- vUu&/kkU; tsOgk vadqfjr gksrkr rsOgk R;kr

dkgh vfHkuo o vfrfjDr vls xq.k fodflr gksrkr- T;k vadqfjr /kkU;kph

vko’;drk vkEgkyk vlsy] R;kP;k lkr dqaMÓkk ,d&,d fnolkP;k Qjdkus isjkO;k]

lkrO;k fno’kh vadqfjr vékyk ikVk&ojoaVÓkkoj okVwu ?;kos vkf.k R;kps dYd rhu

xzke o ik.kh 10 xzke ?ksÅu] R;kyk felGwu pkG.khrwu xkGwu ?;kos- ;kyk ldkGh

fjdkE;k iksVkus ‘kgn fdaok ;ksX; vuqikuk lkscr xzg.k djkos- gs VkWfud vkeP;k rstl

yk ok<fo.;kr] vkf.k es/kk o thouh ‘kDrhP;k fodklkr lgk;d Bjrs- ;kpizek.ks

fgjO;k o rkT;k tMh&cwVh fdaok R;k vkS”kf/kaP;k dksjMÓkk pw.kkZps dYd cuowu R;kauk

lq/nk xzg.k djrk ;srs- dks.kR;k O;fDrus] dks.krh vkS”k/kh fdaok dYd ?;kok] ;kyk

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fo’ks”kK O;fDrp Bjow ‘kdrkr- dkgh fo’ks”k ifjfLFkrh e/;s vkS”kf/kps lsou gs vfXugks=

izfØ;s}kjs ck”i #ikus dsY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs-

Lo&ladsr lk/kuk] jaxhr okrkoj.kkps /;ku] izk.kkd”kZ.k izk.kk;ke o ukn;ksxk

dfjrk lk/kusph ekufldrk cufo.ks Qkj vko’;d vkgs- lk/kusdfjrk mi;qDr tkxsph

fuoM vkEgh djk;yk goh- fgeky;kyk nsokRek fgeky; EgVY;k xsys vkgs- bFks vusd

_”kh&equhauh dBksj rilk/kuk dsY;k vkgsr- rsFkhy tehuhr lk/kusps laLdkj [kksyoj

#tysys vkgsr- ;keqGs frFks dsysY;k lk/kuk ;k yodj o tkLr QG ns.kkÚ;k fl)

gksrkr- ijarq r#.kkauh vkiY;k nwlÚ;k vko’;d dkekauk lksMwu fgeky;kr lk/kusdfjrk

tk.ks dks.kR;kgh n`f”Vus ;qfDrlaxr okVr ukgh- ;k vHkkokP;k iwrZrs dfjrk fgeky;kP;k

okrkoj.kkr eu o var%dj.kk}kjs iksgkspY;k tkos-

eu o vUr%dj.kkyk R;k ;ksX; cuowu rsFkhy okrkoj.kkr lk/kuk dsY;k tkÅ

‘kdrs- vkeps LFkwy ‘kjhj ,dkar o ‘kkar v’kk [kksyh e/;s jkghy] ijarq lw{e o dkj.k

‘kjhj fgeky;kr iksgkspsy] ;kdfjrk r’kkp euksje okrkoj.kkph dYiuk vkEgh djk;yk

goh- vkEgh fgeky;kP;k loksZPp f’k[kjkoj ikyFkh ekaMwu lq[kklukr clysys vkgksr]

v’kk izdkjph HkkoHkweh vkEgh r;kj djkoh- vkeps ‘kjhj gs fLFkj o fpÙk ‘kkar vlkos-

MksGs can d#u Hkkouk djkoh dh] vkeP;k pgqdMs tsFki;Zar vkeph n`”Vh tkrs

rsFki;Zar] fgeky;kph cQkZPNkfnr Åap&Åap f’k[kja vkEgkyk fnlwu ;sr vkgsr-

fgjohxkj >kMa pgqdMs fnlr vkgsr- Qqy>kMkapk ean ean lqxa/k okrkoj.kkr njoGr

vkgs- ,dhdMs fueZG ik.;kpk >jk [kG&[kG djhr okgr vkgs] rj nqljhdMs gjh.k]

llk ;klkj[ks laqnj ‘kkdkgkjh tho o gal] cxGs o cndklkj[ks i{kh fnlwu ;sr vkgsr-

v’kk laqnj euksje LFkkukoj vkEgh lk/kusdfjrk clysys vkgksr- v’kk çdkjph dYiuk

d:u vki.k vk/kh Loladsr lk/kuk djkoh] uarj jaxhr okrkoj.kkps /;ku djkos- jaxhr

okrkoj.kkps /;ku djrkauk Hkkouk djkoh dh vkeP;k lHkksorky vl.kkjh izR;sd oLrw

gh ika<jh vkgs- vkeps diMs] ‘kjhj] vklu] fgeky;kph map&map f’k[kja] vkdk’k]

<x] v’kk izR;sd oLrq ika<Ú;k vkgsr- izk.kkd”kZ.k izk.kk;ke o ukn ;ksxkph lk/kuk lq)k

v’kkp dkYifud LFkkukoj ekufld o HkkofudfjR;k tkÅu djk;yk goh-

Lo&ladsr lk/kuk

vkEgh nqlÚ;kaP;k fopkjka}kjs izHkkfor u gksrk] vkiY;k Lor%P;k fopkjka}kjsp

Lor%P;k Hkfo”;kps fuekZ.k djk;yk gos- ;kdfjrk Lor%p Lor%yk letkfo.ks Qkj

vko’;d vkgs- vkReizsj.ksuqlkj pkywup vkEgh vkiY;k vkRefo’oklkyk o fgaerhyk

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izkIr d# ‘kdrks- euq”; gk vkiY;k HkkX;kpk fuekZrk Lor%p vkgs- vkRekoyacukP;k

Hkkousyk ok<fo.;kpk iz;Ru lrr djhr jkghY;kus thoukr vkEgkyk uok mRlkg o

vkuan feGr jkgrks] vkf.k ;keqGs ladVkauk lgu dj.;kph ‘kDrh o lkeF;Z lq)k

vkEgkyk feGr vlrs- vkEgh vkeP;k vkarfjd fo’okyk pgqdMwu Js”B fopkjkauh

izdkf’kr djkos- vkeP;k thoukph okLrfodrk gh vkeP;k fopkjkaojp voyacwu

vlrss- nqlÚ;kadMwu feGkysys ladsr gs vkeP;k eukoj LFkk;h izHkko Vkdw ‘kdr ukghr]

ijarq Lor%dMwup okjaokj feG.kkjs ladsr gs vkeP;k euke/;s ,dk xkBhP;k #ikus n`<

gksr vlrkr- vkReifj{k.k d#u ekufld {ks=krhy nks”k&nqxqZ.kkauk o R;krhy detksjhauk

ckgsj dk<.ks vkf.k R;kr mPp vkn’kk±ps chtkjksi.k djhr jkg.ks gs vkeP;klkBh Qkj

Qk;|kps Bjrs- vkeP;k bPNk&vkdka{ksyk vkEgkyk T;k fn’ksr fodflr djk;ps vlsy

R;k fn’ksr vkiY;k vkRE;kyk o R;krhy ‘kfDrauk pky.;kpk vkns’k vkEgh ;ksX;

Lo&ladsrkph fufeZrh d:u lrr nsr jkgkok] vkf.k Lor%lkscr fe=klkj[kk O;ogkj

djhr ln~xq.kkauk fodflr dj.;kr vkEgh ykxwu jkgkos-

vkeP;k eukps Lo#i nksu vkgsr & ,d psru eu rj nwljs vpsru eu-

eukph ‘kDrh ;k nksgkasojp voyacwu vkgs- psru eu gs vkeP;k ckSf)d izxfr’khyrs

oj voyacwu vlrs- fopkj d#u o letwu ts dkgh dk;Z vkEgh jkst djhr vlrks] rs

loZ psru euk}kjsp laié gksrkr- eukpk gk Hkkx vkeP;k tkx`r voLFksoj voyacwu

vlrks- vpsru eu gs vkeP;k psrusps xqyke ukgh] rj rs iw.kZr% mUeqDr o Lok/khu

vls vkgs- psru eukP;k vkKsf’kok; rs Lor%P;k bPNsuqlkj gos rs dk;Z d# ‘kdrs-

eukpk gk Hkkx vkeP;k vf/kdkj {ks=kr ;sr ukgh- d/kh&d/kh rj R;kps dk;Z gs

vkeP;k bPNsfo#) lq)k vlrkr- gs eu >ksirk&tkxrk] v’kk izR;sd voLFksr

fØ;k’khy jkgrs- rs ‘kkari.ks d/khp clr ukgh o Fkdr lq)k ukgh- rs vkEgkyk funsZ’k

nsr jkgrs dh rqEgh vkiys dke djk o vkEgkyk vkiys dk;Z d# |k- vkEgkyk feGr

vl.kkÚ;k izsj.kk ;kp vpsru eukrwu mBr vlrkr- vpsru eu gs vkeP;k ewG

izo`fÙk’kh o vuqHkoka’kh tqGysys vlrs-

ladsrkapk izHkko gk vkeP;k vpsru eukoj] ftFks vla[; ekufld xazFkhps tkGs

iljysys vlrs] R;koj iMr vlrks- [kjs c?krk vkeP;k loZ ‘kfDrapk HkaMkj Eg.kts

vkeps gs vpsru eup vlrs- ;kr lekfo”V vlysY;k vusd okbZV ekufld xzaFkhuk

ewGkiklwu dkiwu nwj dj.ks vkf.k thoukr uok mRlkg iznku dj.kkÚ;k mR—“V xazFkhps

  175  

fuekZ.k dj.ks] gsp Lo&ladsrkaps dk;Z vkgs- ladsrka}kjs okbZV xzaFkhuk lgti.ks nwj djrk

;srs- R;kuarj R;k tkxh vkiY;k bPNsuqlkj uO;k xazFkhps chtkjksi.k dsY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs-

okbZV okrkoj.k] dBksj O;ogkj o izfrdwy ifjfLFkfreqGs vkeP;k vpsru eukph

fufeZrh ;ksX; jhfrus gksr ukgh- vkEgh R;kr Lor%P;k udGrp {kqærsP;k o nhu&ghu

o`ÙkhP;k xzaFkhuk r;kj djhr vlrks- ,[kknh vkbZ tsOgk vkiY;k eqykyk vls Eg.krs dh

^^rw okbZV eqyxk vkgsl] rqÖ;k HkkX;kps dkgh [kjs ukgh vkf.k rqyk ;k txkr dks.khgh

fopkj.kkj ukgh] rsOgk gsp fopkj R;k eqykP;k vpsru eukr [kksyoj tkÅu clrkr

vkf.k frFks r’kkp xazFkhph fufeZrh d#u Vkdrkr- v’kkp vusd dkj.kkaeqGs gtkjks r#.k

U;wuxaMrsP;k xzaFkhus xzLr gksÅu vkiY;k HkkX;kyk nks”k nsr jkgrkr- nwf”kr ladsrkaeqGs

vpsru eu lq)k nwf”kr gksr vlrs- tj vki.k fo#) fopkjkaoj] izfrdwy ifjfLFkrhoj

o Lor%e/khy U;wursoj vkiY;k eukyk dsfUær djky rj rs loZ nks”k vfeVi.ks

vkiY;k eukoj vafdr gksrhy- vpsru eukrhy fopkjkapk lalkj gk vkeP;k

fopkjka}kjsp fuf’pr gksr vlrks-

T;k Hkkoukaoj] fopkjkaoj o dYiusoj vkEgh n`<i.ks fparu djrks vkf.k T;k

vkn’kkZoj fn?kZ dkGkIk;Zar fopkj djrks] rs vkeP;k vpsru Lrjkoj mr#u LFkk;h cur

tkrkr- vkf.k tj R;koj QDr ,d&nksunk fparu d#u R;kauk rlsp lksMwu ns.;kr

vkys rj rs u”V lq)k gksÅu tkrkr- Eg.kwu vkEgh vkeP;k Le`rh&iVkoj ,[kk|k ‘kqHk

fopkjkyk] Hkkousyk fdaok dYiusyk vadhr djkos- ijarq R;kuarj R;kyk feVw u nsrk R;k

fp=kyk vk.k[kh tkLr Li”V o jaxhr cuokos] T;k Js”B Hkkouspk mn; vkeP;k eukrwu

usgeh gksr vlrks] R;kauk vkEgh e# nsÅ u;s- R;kauk iw.kZRokyk us.;kph vkeP;krhy

vXuh gh d/khp ‘kkar gksÅ u;s-

Lor%P;k LFkwy MksGÓkkauk feVwu vki.k vkiY;k varn`Z”Vhyk m?kMkos- Lor%P;k

varjkRE;kps fujh{k.k vki.k djkos vkf.k R;kr dks.kdks.krs vlr~ fopkj] nqcZy ekU;rk

o detksj dYiusps xor mxfoys vkgs] R;kauk c?kkos- dks.k&dks.kR;k fpark vkEgkyk

O;kdqG djhr vkgsr- dks.kR;k vkBo.kh dkVÓkkizek.ks ckspr vkgsr] ;kdMs y{k |kos-

Hkze o fHkrhps gtkjks çdkj vkf.k vla[; ‘kadk&dq’kadk vkiY;kyk R;k izns’kkr

feGrhy- rs loZ rqeP;k vkRecGkyk detksj dj.;kr ykxysys vlrkr- rs rqeP;k

‘kjhjkyk ttZj o eukyk detksj cuowu Vkdrkr- gh loZ fujFkZd Hkwr&izsra rqEgkyk

Hk;adj okVw ykxrkr] Eg.kwu vki.k ;kapk n`<i.ks fojks/k djkok vki.k ;kaP;kiklwu

  176  

?kkc# u;s- FkksMs lq)k O;xz fdaok py&fopy gksÅ u;s- rqeP;ke/;s brdh tkLr ‘kDrh

Hkjysyh vkgs dh ;k ‘k=qaoj vki.k uDdhp iw.kZ fot; feGow ‘kdrk-

Lo&ladsrkapk vk/kkj] vkeph n`< J)kp vkgs- ;k ladsrkoj vkepk ftrdk n`<

fo’okl jkghy] frrD;kr tkLr osxkus vkEgh dk;Z d#- vkiY;k Lor%P;k ‘kÇDroj

vfo’okl dj.ks Eg.kts fo”kiku dj.ks vkgs- J)k Eg.kts vkiY;k loZ ‘kÇDrpk izk.k

vkgs- rh vkiY;k jkse&jksekyk uothou çnku djhr vlrs- vkReJ)s f’kok; vlysys

Kku gs fu”QG Bjrs rj fØ;k gh ‘kfDr&foghu] ladYi gs futhZo Bjrkr rj euq”; gk

R;kf’kok; ,d {kqæ izk.kh ek= Bjr vlrks-

lokZr vk/kh vkEgh NksVs&NksVs ladYi ?ksÅu o R;kr ;’k izkIr d#u Lor%P;k

vkRe J)syk fodflr gks.;kph la/kh |koh- R;kuarj vkiY;k dk;k±uk ok<for pykos]

vls dsY;kus vkRefo’oklke/;s Hkjiwj ok< >kysyh vki.kkal fnlwu ;sbZy- t’kh&t’kh

vkeph vkReJ)k ok<r tkbZy rlk&rlk] bZ’ojh; ‘kfDr’kh vkepk laca/k LFkkfir

gksr tkbZy- Eg.kwu lq#okrhykp ,[kkns vls dBh.k dk;Z gkrkr ?ksÅ udk] ts rqeP;k

vkokD;k ckgsjhy vlsy] vls dsY;kus rqepk vusd fnolkpk ,df=r >kysyk

vkRefo’okl lq)k u”V gksÅu tkbZy-

Loladsr lk/kuspk vH;kl lq# dj.;kvk/kh ,dkar feGsy v’kk [kksyhph fuoM

djk- Lor%leksj ,dk eksBk vkjlk Bsok- R;kr Lor%P;k ‘kjhjkyk y{kiwoZd c?kk]

vkiY;k MksGÓkkrwu rhoz izdk’k fu?kr vkgs- vkiY;k psgÚ;krwu ;’kLoh iq#”kkalkj[kk

vkReizdk’k ckgsj ;sr vkgs] v’kk izdkjps ladsr Lor%P;k eukyk |k- ;’kkpk vk/kkj

gkp vkgs dh] vki.k ;k ladsrkaoj iw.kZ fo’okl Bsokok- ;koj FkksMh tjh ‘kadk djky]

rj vkiY;k eukrhy bPNk vkrY;k vkarp ‘okl xqjejY;k lkj[;k e#u tkrhy-

vkj’;kr Lor%P;k psgÚ;kojhy vax&izR;axkauk fo’okliwoZd c?kr Lor%P;kp vkoktkr

jsdkWMZ dsysY;k v’kk izdkjP;k Loladsrkaph dWlsV pkyw djk- jkst jk=hyk >ksi.;kvk/kh]

dkgh osGsP;k ;k dk;ZØekyk fuf’pr d#u ?;k- jk=hP;k osGh vpsru eu gs Qkj

osxkus dk;Z djhr vlrs- T;k Hkkousyk n`<i.ks Lohdk#u vkEgh >ksih tkrks] R;kp

Hkkouk fuækoLFkse/;s vkeP;k vpsru eukr izos’k djrkr- vkepk ladYi ftrdk n`<

jkghy] ;k Hkkoukaph ewGa frrD;kp etcwrhus vkeP;k vareZukr tewu clrhy-

eh vkiY;k lqIr ‘kÇDruk tkxs djhr vkgs- vkt ekÖ;k vkRE;kpk tkxj.k

fnol vkgs- eh vkiY;k vykSfdd ‘kÇDruk izdV djhr vkgs- vkiY;k xqIr ‘kÇDruk

mtsMkr vk.khr vkgs- eh ije ifo=] lr~&fpr~&vkuan Lo#i vfouk’kh vkRek vkgs-

  177  

eh vkiY;k vkReLo#ike/;sp fLFkr vkgs- izR;sd {k.kkyk eh Åap mBr vkgs o izR;sd

{k.kkpk Js”B mi;ksx djhr vkgs- eh vlkekU; izfrHkk laié egku iq#”k vkgs o ;kpk

cks/k eyk >kyk vkgs- eh viwoZ fopkjkapk Qkj eksBk HkaMkj vkgs- eh vkiY;k ;k

fopkjkus txkyk pdhr d#u lksMsy- eh ,d fnol uDdhp egkiq#”k cusy- ekÖ;k

mérhpk ekxZ eksdGk >kyk vkgs- txkrhy loZ ‘kDrh ek>s j{k.k djhr vkgs- eyk

lR;kpk mins’k ns.kkjk o ljG ekxZ nk[kfo.kkjk ek>k xq# Eg.kts ek>k varjkRekp

vkgs] ;kps Kku eyk izkIr >kys vkgs- eh vkiY;k ‘kDrhyk vuqHkor vkgs- ekÖ;k

ul& ulka e/;s cy’kkyh jDr /kkor vkgs- ekÖ;k HkkX;kps fuekZ.k Qkjp ‘kqHk

eqgwrkZe/;s >kys vkgs- eh Lor% vkiY;k fopkjkapk Lokeh vkgs- fopkj dlk djkok]

;kyk eh tk.krks] Lor%P;k thoukyk Js”B cufo.;kpk ladYi ?ksÅu eh thou&laxzkek

e/;s izos’k djhr vkgs- izfrdwyrs’kh y<.;kph ‘kDrh ekÖ;kr vkgs- eh Lor%P;k

fgaerhus izfrdwy ifjfLFkrhoj rkck feGow ‘kdrks- eh vkiY;k loZ ‘kDrhapk Lokeh

Lor%p vkgs- eyk vkiY;k thoukr vusd egRokph dkes djk;ph vkgsr o Qkj Åap

mBk;ps vkgs- eh vkiY;k ;k vkn’kkZfo”k;h o izsj.ksfo”k;h bZekunkj jkghy] gk n`<

fu’p; eh djrks- thoukpk tks Øe eh fuf’pr dsysyk vkgs] R;koj eh n`< jkghy-

bZ’ojkus eyk vkRe ‘kDrh iznku dsyh vkgs- R;k fnO; ‘kDrhapk eh fodkl djhy-

ekÖ;k var%dj.kkr mTToy Hkkoukp izos’k djrkr- ek>k foosd tkx`r >kyk vkgs-

;ksX; dekZ e/;s ykx.kkjh ln~cq)h ekÖ;k ân;kr tkx`r >kysyh vkgs- eu ‘kq) >kys

vkgs- ekÖ;k ân;kr ijesÜojkfo”k;h vrwV J)k vkgs- [kÚ;k lq[kkpk HkaMkj gk ekÖ;k

vkarp fo|eku vkgs o ;kyk eh vuqHkoys vkgs- eh egkHkh”k.k ladVkr lq)k izQqfYyr

eu%fLFkrh e/;s vlrks- ekÖ;k vkRE;ke/khy lqIr ‘kDrh ;k tkx`r >kY;k vkgsr- eh

loZ izdkjP;k ladVkaps vkuankus Lokxr djrks- eh ‘kkar okrkoj.kkr] fLFkj ‘kjhj o

,dkxz eukus clysyks vkgs- ekÖ;k efLr”dkrwu fu?k.kkjh izk.k fo|qr ‘kjhjkP;k

vax&vo;okrwu Qkj tkLr ek=se/;s izokfgr gksr vkgs- gh izk.k fo|qr ‘kjhjkrhy

‘kSfFkY;kyk nwj djhr vkgs vkf.k R;kps LFkku lfØ;rs}kjs ?ksrY;k tkr vkgs- ek>s ‘kjhj

lfØ; gksr vkgs- ‘kjhjkpk izR;sd vax&vo;o iq”V gksr vkgs- ‘kjhj LoLFk o cyoku

gksr pkyys vkgs- bafæ;kaph {kerk ok<r vkgs- psgÚ;kojhy rst ok<r pkyys vkgs-

‘kjhj o psgjk iwohZis{kk tkLr lqanj gksr pkyyk vkgs- ckSf)d Lrj ok<r vkgs- Lej.k

‘kDrh ok<r vkgs- eh ts dkgh okprks o ikB djrks] rs ekÖ;k y{kkr jkgrs- ek>h

izfrHkk ok<r pkyyh vkgs- izfrHkspk fodkl gksr vkgs- ;kpk vuqHko eh Lor% rj

?ksrysykp vkgs] R;kf’kok; nqlÚ;kauk lq)k ;kpk vuqHko gksr vkgs- eh usgeh

  178  

ldkjkRed fopkj djrks- egkiq#”kkaP;k xq.kkauk eh xzg.k djhr vkgs- ek>s egku fopkj

nqlÚ;k ltkrh; fopkjkauk Lor%dMs vkdf”kZr djhr vkgs- eh ;k l`”Vhpk loZJs”B izk.kh

vkgs- ek>h cq)h fodflr vkgs- ek>s eu LoLFk] ru LoLFk o var%dj.k ifo= vkgs-

ek>h izxrh fuf’pr vkgs- eyk ekÖ;k izR;sd dk;kZr ;’k feGrs ^* ‘kkarh% ‘kkarh%

‘kkarh%*-

v’kk izdkjps Loladsr Lor%yk |kos- nksUgh rGgkrkauk ,desdkaoj ?kklwu

MksGÓkkauk Li’kZ djkok- gGw&gGw MksGs m?kMkos vkf.k lkekU; fLFkrh e/;s ;kos-

LoLFk jkgkos] etcwr cukos

^LoLFk* ‘kCnkpk vFkZ gksrks & ^Lo* e/;s fLFkr vlysyk] th O;Drh Lor%e/;s

fLFkr jkghy vFkkZr vkiY;k vkRE;ke/;s fLFkr jkghy] rhp vkfRed ‘kkarrk] izse]

vkReh;rk] izlUurk] larq”Vh] dÙkZO;ikyu bR;knh xq.kkauh ;qDr jkghy- v’kh O;Drhp

;ksX; vkgkj&fogkjkaP;k fu;ekps ikyu djsy vkf.k fujksxh jkghy- nqlÚ;k ‘kCnkae/;s

;kyk vls lq)k Eg.krk ;sbZy dh th dks.kR;kgh =klk f’kok; vkiY;k loZ fØ;syk

d# ‘kdrs] rhp LoLFk O;Drh vkgs- ;k fØ;se/;s lokZr vk/kh R;k fØ;k ;srkr] T;k

‘kjhjkP;k fuokZgklkBh vko’;d vkgsr] tls Hkwd] ipu o ?kk.ksps mRltZu-

vktkj dka gksrks \

iz—frus ‘kjhjkrhy fotkrh; inkFkk±uk ckgsj dk<.;klkBh pkj ekxZ fnysys

vkgsr- Qq¶Qqla izk.kok;qyk xzg.k djrkr vkf.k dkcZu Mk; vkWDlkbMP;k #ikus

fotkrh; rRokauk ckgsj dk<rkr- Ropk gh ?kkekyk] fdMuh&y?kohyk o eksBh vkrMh

gh laMklkP;k #ikus fotkrh; rRokauk ckgsj dk<.;kps dk;Z djhr vlrs-

vkeP;k okbZV lo;haeqGs vkgkj&fogkj o vkpkj&fopkjkr tsOgk fo—rh mRié

gksrkr] rsOgk iz—frus fnysys gs pkjgh ekxZ O;ofLFkri.ks vkiys dk;Z d# ‘kdr ukgh

vkf.k rsOgk iz—rh gh ‘kjhjkrhy fotkrh; inkFkk±uk ckgsj dk<.;klkBh ikpok ekxZ

lqfuf’pr djrs- gk ikpok ekxZ Eg.kts iz—frpk foy{k.k mik; vkgs- gk rki] myVh]

<kG ykx.ks] QksM&QqVdqGîkk ;s.ks fdaok lnhZ&[kksdY;kP;k #ikr vlw ‘kdrks-

‘kjhjkP;k j{k.kkdfjrk iz—rh gh ikpO;k ekxkZyk fuoMwu ‘kjhjkyk LoLFk BsÅ bfPNrs]

ijarq tsOgk vkEgh vkS”k/kha}kjs ;k vktkjkauk nkc.;kpk iz;Ru djrks] rsOgk iz—frP;k ;k

LoPNrk izfØ;se/;s ck/kd cuwu tkrks- ;keqGs fotkrh; æO; gs ckgsj fu?kr ukghr o

  179  

R;keqGs gk jksx Øe’k% th.kZ gksr tkrks- ;k jksxkpsp uko d/kh nek rj d/kh dksy;fVl]

la/khokr] xfB;k] ewGO;k/k fdaok ,fDtek vls dks.krsgh vlq ‘kdrs-

fulxksZipkj foKkukus iz—frP;k ;k gkdsyk [kksyoj tkÅu vuqHkoys vkgs vkf.k

lnhZ&[kksdyk] rki] <kG ykx.ks] QksMa ;s.ks v’kk izdkjps vktkj >kY;kl R;kauk

vkS”k/kh}kjs u nkc.;kph izsj.kk izR;sdkyk fnysyh vkgs- v’kk fLFkfrr #X.kkyk Bksl

vkgkj nsÅ u;s] rj ekslach] la=h] MkGhac fdaok fyacwpk jl ik.;kr nksu peps ‘kgn

?kkywu okjaokj nsr jkgkok- ;keqGs ,d&nksu fnolkrp vktkjkph frozrk deh gksbZy

vkf.k ‘kjhj LoLFk o LQwfrZe; cuwu rhoz vl.kkjs jksx ‘kjhjkrwu fu?kwu tkrhy- LoLFk

jkg.;kdfjrk vkgkj&fogkjkP;k ;ksX;rsdMs y{k Bso.ks Qkj vko’;d vkgs-

,dk bZekunkj oS|kus EgVys vkgs-

nok nck, jksx dks] D;ksa djrs gks HkwyA

prqj fpfdRld Bx jgs] djks u ,salh HkwyAA

vkeP;k ‘kjhjkrhy vktkjka’kh y<.kkÚ;k ‘kfDryk jksx izfrjks/kd {kerk fdaok

thouh ‘kDrh EgVY;k tkrs- vkeP;k pqdhP;k i)rheqGs tsOgk gh ‘kDrh deh gksrs

fdaok u”V gksrs] rsOgk ‘kjhj vktkjh iMrs- tksIk;Zar gh ‘kDrh ‘kjhjkr Hkjiwj izek.kkr

miyC/k vlrs] rksIk;Zar ‘kjhjkyk LoLFk Bso.;klkBh iz;Ru djhr jkgrs- ‘kjhjkrhy

fotkrh; rRokauk ckgsj dk<.;kps dk;Z gs thouh ‘kDrhojp voyacwu vlrs-

LoLFk jkg.;kdfjrk vkEgh dk; djkos \

Jhen~Hkxon~xhrs e/;s fyghys vkgs-

;qDrkgkjfogkjL; ;qDrps”VL; deZlqA

;qDrLoIukocks/kL;] ;ksxks Hkofr nq%[k gkAA

vFkkZr mfpr vkgkj&fogkj ¼jkg.kheku½] mfpr deZ&O;ogkj o ;ksX; osGh

>ksi.ks vkf.k ldkGh yodj mB.ks] gk ;ksx nq%[kkyk nwj dj.kkjk vkgs- xhrkdkjkus

,dkp ‘yksdke/;s laiw.kZ vkjksX; j{k.kkps lw= vkf.k thou tx.;kP;k dysps f’k{k.k

fnys vkgs-

ldkGh dk; djkos \

1- lw;ksZn;kP;k ,d&fnM rklk vk/kh mBkos- mBrkauk nksUgh rGgkrkaps n’kZu d#u

euq”; thou fnY;kcÌy ijesÜojkfo”k;h —rKrk izdV djkoh o /kj.kh ekrsyk

  180  

iz.kke djkok- vkrk nksu Xykl ik.kh izk’ku djkos- FkaMhP;k fnolkr xje ik.kh

I;kos- vEy&fiÙkkph rØkj ulY;kl ik.;ke/;s v/ksZ fyacw fiGwu rs I;kos-

ik.;ke/;s nksu pEep ‘kgn lq)k ?ksrk ;sbZy-

2- laMkl d#u vkY;kuarj nkaro.k fdaok cz’k }kjs nkr LoPN djkos- nkaro.k yk

izk/kkU; |kos-

3- ;kuarj eksdGÓkk eSnkukr fQj.;kl tkos- osxkus o nh?kZ ‘okl ?ksr] toGikl

3&4 fdyksehVj rjh pkykos fdaok vkiY;k ‘kDrhuqlkj /kkokos-

4- fQ#u vkY;kuarj toGikl v/kkZ rkl ;ksxklus] izk.kk;ke o /;ku djkos-

5- ngk fefuVs f’kfFkyhdj.k fØ;k d#u FkaM ik.;kus vax&vo;okauk ?kklwu&?kklwu

Luku djkos-

6- vka?kksGhuarj FkksMk osG izkFkZuk] bZ’ojkph mikluk o ti] /;ku dj.;klkBh

fuf’pr djkok-

7- thoukr ldkjkRed n`f”Vdks.kkyk mRié dj.;kr lRlkfgR;kps Qkj eksykps

egÙo vkgs- ‘kkarh] larq”Vh] ln~Hkko o lRlkgl mRié dj.kkÚ;k ln~fopkjkauh

;qDr v’kk lkfgR;kpk fu;feri.ks Lok/;k; djkok-

Hkkstu o vkjksX; %&

lokZr cqf)eku letY;k tk.kkjk euq”; vkt vkiY;k vkjksX;kP;k ckcrhr

Qkjp ew[kZi.kkpk vkgkj ?ksr vkgs- eksBs&eksBs ‘kks/k o vuqla/kkukP;k ;k ;qxke/;s

letwrnkj yksdkae/;s v’kk izdkjpk ew[kZi.kk dlk ok<yk] ghp vkt lokZr vk’p;kZph

xks”V vkgs-

jk=h cÚ;kp m’khjkIk;Zar tkxj.k dj.ks] pgk] eSnk] lk[kj] cszM] fcLdhV] fiTtk]

cxZj] pkÅehu] MCckcan o iWdsVe/;s can dsysY;k [kk| inkFkk±ps izpyu o f’k’khcan

vlysY;k FkaM is; inkFkk±uk lH;rsps izrhd let.ks ;kr dqByk letwrnkji.kk vkgs \

gsp letr ukgh- d¡lj lkj[;k /kksdknk;d vktkjkauk vkf.k ,ythZ] nek] gk;

CyM&izs’kj] vfuæk] ekbxzsu] ân;jksx] Mk;fcVht] ewGO;k/k bR;knh jksxkauk tUe

ns.kkÚ;k ;k [kk| inkFkkZps ygkui.kkiklwup lsou dsY;kps R;kph okbZV lo; euq”;kyk

iMrs- ghp lo; vkt lH;rsph vksG[k cuwu xsY;keqGs] T;k dq.kkyk Lor%yk lH;

Eg.kowu ?ks.;kph bPNk vlrs] rks lq)k ;kp vkgkjkyk Lohdkjhr tkrks- vkt ts dkgh

  181  

MCckcan [kk| inkFkZ fnlwu ;srkr] rs cÚ;kp dkGki;Zar lqjf{kr jkgkosr] ;kdfjrk

R;kaP;k fiztosZ’kulkBh R;kr fdVduk’kdkapk ¼?kkrd jlk;ukapk½ iz;ksx dsY;k tkrks- —

f=e xa/k] —f=e okl o —f=e Loknk djhrk osxosxGÓkk izdkjP;k jlk;ukaPkk iz;ksx d#u

euq”; tkrhlkBh gs ,d Qkj eksBs vkjksX;&ladVp vkt mHks dj.;kr vkys vkgs-

tsOgk tkx vkyh] rhp thoukph lq#okr letkoh-

r#.kkauks ! mBk !! tkxs Ogk !!! vki.kp Lor%P;k mTToy Hkfo”;kps fuekZrs

vkgkr- vki.k LoLFk jkgky] rjp jk”Vª etcwr cusy] ;kdfjrk fejph&elkys ;qDr

[kk| inkFkZ] yks.kph] ‘kjcr] jax&csjaxh feBkbZ] pgk] lk[kj] eSnk] ouLirh rwi vkf.k

rGysY;k [kk| inkFkkZpk R;kx d#u fulxkZyk ‘kj.k tk- iz—frP;k gkdsyk ,sdY;kl

vkiY;kyk uDdhp nh?kkZjksX;kpk ykHk feGsy-

iz—frus Lor%p osxosxG;k >kMkaoj xksM inkFkZ ykowu Bsoysys vkgsr- [ktwj]

is#] MkfGac] uk’kikrh] vkack bR;kfnP;k izk—frd Loknkpk vkuan ?;k- ;krp rqeps

vkjksX; yiysys vkgs- —f=e inkFkk±lkscr vusd izdkjps vktkj fpidwu clysys

vlrkr- jax&csjaxh iWdsVka}kjs eqykaps o r#.kkaps vkjksX; vkf.k thou&‘kDrh ¼jksx

izfrjks/kd ‘kDrh½ deh gksr pkyysyh vkgs- vadqfjr xgq] ewax] puk] ‘kasxnk.ks bR;knh

e/;s loZ thoulRos Hkjysyh vkgsr- jkst fu;feri.ks 25&25 xzke rjh ;k inkFkk±ps

ldkGh lsou djk- ldkGP;k U;kgkjhyk vkjksX;uk’kd u cufork R;kyk jksxuk’kd

cuok- U;kgkjh e/;s vadqfjr vUu o ‘kD; vlsy rj xkbZps rkts ‘kq) nq/k vkf.k 250

xzke QG&QGkoGs] ts vkiY;k lHkksorky lgti.ks miyC/k gksrkr] R;kauk vo’;

?;k-

Hkkstu dks.krs djkos o dls djkos-

1- vkEgh thou tx.;kdfjrk vkgkj ?;kok] vkgkjk dfjrk txw u;s-

2- dMd Hkw[k ykxY;kf’kok; dkghgh [kkow u;s-

3- ldkGP;k U;kgkjh e/;s nq/k] vadqfjr vUu o QG&QGkoGs ?;kohr-

4- nqikjP;k o jk=hP;k tsoukr iksGh] lkyiVkph nkG] Hkkth o lykn ?;kos-

  182  

5- dksaMk;qDr d.khdsph iksGh djkoh- HkkT;kae/;s fejph o elkY;kapk iz;ksx

d# u;s- ckjhd d.khd gh vkrMÓkkauk fpidwu c)dks”Brsyk tUe nsrs] gkp

vktkj ckdh loZ vktkjkauk mRié dj.kkjk vlrks-

6- Hkkstu Qkj pkowu&pkowu o gGw&gGw djkos- O;ofLFkri.ks pkowu Hkkstu

dsY;kus R;klkscr ykG felGrs o R;keqGs Hkkstukrhy dkcksZgk;MªsVps ipu

O;ofLFkri.ks gksrs- Eg.krkr uk dh cÙkhl nkra vkgsr rj cÙkhl osGk

pkok;yk gos- vls lq)k EgVY;k tkrs dh vékyk I;kos rj ik.;kyk [kkos-

;kpk rkRi;Z gkp dh Bksl Hkkstukyk brds tkLr pkokos dh rs ik.;klkj[ks

ikrG gksbZy vkf.k rsOgkp R;kyk fxGkos- ik.kh lq)k xVkxV fiÅ u;s-

ik.;kyk gGw&gGw] ,d&,d ?kksV I;kos- Hkkstukyk pkaxY;kizdkjs pkoY;kus

ikpd jlkapk L=ko ;ksX; ek=se/;s gksr vlrks vkf.k vkrMÓkkaph likZdkj

xrh lq)k R;keqGs larqfyr jkgrs- ;keqGs c)dks”Brk fdaok <kG ykx.ks

;klkj[ks fodkj tMr ukghr- Qkj pkowu&pkowu [kkY;kus esanwP;k

gkbiksFkSysel dsUækr fLFkr vlysys Hkw[ksps dsUæ gs deh Hkkstukrp r`Ir

gksÅu tkrs- efLr”dkpk r`fIrnk;d ¼larq”Vh iznku dj.kkjk½ gkeksZu &

lsjsVksfuu] ;kpk L=ko ;keqGs ok<rks- ;keqGs fnolHkj iksVkr dkgh rjh dksacr

jkg.;kP;k o vk/kk’khi.kkP;k okbZV lo;hoj fu;a=.k lk/kY;k tkrs- ;keqGs

isafØ;klps chVk dks”k lfØ; gksÅu R;krqu balqfyupk L=ko ok<rks- ;keqGs

[kksVÓkk Hkqdsoj fu;a=.k lk/kY;k tkrs- Hkwd pkaxyh ykxrs o e/kqesg gksr

ukgh-

7- Tkiku ;sFkhy ;qfuoflZVhP;k dWUlj fo’ks”kKkauh lkaxhrys vkgs dh] [kqi

pkoqu&pkoqu [kkY;kus ykGsr vl.kkÚ;k Vk;fyu ¼lykbok ,ekbyst½

,Utkbe e/;s ,aVhdkflZukstsfud QWDVj vk<Gwu ;srks- gk dWUljjks/kh QWDVj

vkgs] tks Hkkstukr felGwu ;k ?kkrd vktkjkiklwu vkEgkyk okpforks-

8- tsou djrkauk e/;s ik.kh ihÅ u;s- Hkkstu dj.;kvk/kh v/;kZ rklkiklwu rs

Hkkstu dsY;kuarj nhM rklki;Zar ik.kh fiÅ u;s- gh osG lksMwu ckdh osGsl

ik.kh iqjs’Ókk izek.kkr ?kksV&?kksV o gGq&gGq izk’ku djkos-

9- Hkkstu dsY;kuarj nq/k fiÅ u;s- Hkkstu dj.ks fdaok nq/k ih.ks vkf.k

>ksi.;kP;k osGsr fdeku nksu rklkps varj vlkos-

10- Hkkstukuarj yxsp 10 fefuVs otzklukr cl.ks Qk;|kps Bjrs-

  183  

11- Hkkstukuarj yxsp >ksiw u;s- yxsp >ksiY;kus ipu izfØ;se/;s vMFkGk mRié

gksrks vkf.k iw.kZ >ksi gksÅu lq)k psgÚ;koj rtsyk ;sr ukgh-

12- fnolHkjkr dehr&deh vMhp rs rhu yhVj ik.kh I;kos-

13- ikWyh’k dsysyk rkanwG [kkÅ u;s- nkG lq)k lkyiVk lkscrp [kkoh- fgjO;k

HkkT;k] lykn o QGkaps lsou vékis{kk rhu iVhus tkLr djkos-

14- T;k _rqe/;s th QGs feGr vlrhy] R;kps Hkjiwj lsou djkos- lMysY;k]

[kjkc >kysY;k fdaok dPpk QGkaps lsou d# u;s- fidysyh QGsp

?;kohr-

15- Eku gs Øks/kkus] fpark] rk.k&r.kko] ‘kksd bR;knh rhoz m}sxkus xzLr vlsy

rj R;k osGh Hkkstu d# u;s-

16- vkeP;k Hkkstukr iqjh] dpksjh] Hkts] leksls o yks.kph vlw u;sr- VekVj]

ikyd] ukjG o vkoGk ;kaph rkth pVuh cuowu rh ?;koh-

17- ipukl tM] f’kGs o rGysY;k [kk| inkFkk±iklwu nwj jkgky] rjp ipu

‘kDrh etcwr jkghy-

18- vkBoMÓkkrwu ,d fnol miokl djkok- ;kr QDr fyacw fdaok fyacw o

‘kgnkps lsou ik.;klkscr djkos-

19- LoLF; fpÙk o izlé eukus dsysys Hkkstu lgti.ks ipr vlrs-

20- Hkkstuklkscr lykn ?ksrY;kus vko’;d [kfut yo.k ¼feujYl½ lq)k

‘kjhjkyk feGrkr] Eg.kwu xktj] eqGk] lkaHkkj] VekVs] iÙkk xksch] dkdMh

bR;knhauk lyknP;k #ikus ?;kos-

dk;&dk; d# u;s &

1- jk=hyk tkxj.k d# u;s-

2- rksaM >kdwu >ksiw u;s-

3- jk=hyk >ksirkauk f[kMD;k can d#u >ksiw u;s-

4- ‘kjhjkoj ?kÍ clrhy vls diMs ?kkyw u;s-

5- Åap VkpsP;k piyk o tksMs ?kkyw u;sr-

6- —f=e diMÓkkauk izk/kkU; nsÅ u;s- tesIk;Zar lqrh oL=p ifj/kku djkos-

  184  

7- fNad] y?koh] tkaHkbZ o laMklkP;k osxkyk jksdw u;s-

8- Vh-oh- yk toGwu c?kw u;s-

9- yksGwu okpw u;s-

10- pgk] dkWQh] QkLV&QqM] pkdysV] vkblØhe] dksYM fMªDl ?ksÅ u;s-

11- chMh&flxjsV] iku&elkyk] tnkZ&rackdw bR;knh u’ksP;k inkFkk±ps lsou d#

u;s-

12- ekal] eklksGh] vaMh o nk#ps lsou d# u;s-

13- lkcqu] ‘kSEiw] usy ikWfy’k] fyifLVd ;klkj[;k uqdlkunk;d lkSan;Z

izlk/kukapk okij d# u;s-

fgrdkjd Hkkstu Eg.kts dk; \

T;k Hkkstukr {kkj rRokaps izek.k tkLr vlsy o vEyh; inkFkZ deh vlrhy

rsp fgrdkjd Hkkstu vkgs- ‘kjhjkyk LoLFk Bso.;klkBh vkeP;k jDrke/;s 80% {kkj o

20% vEy vl.ks vko’;d vkgs- T;k O;Drh {kkj mRié dj.kkjs [kk| inkFkZ deh

?ksrkr o vEyh; inkFkk±uk tkLr [kkrkr] rs vusd vktkjkauk fuea=.k nsr vlrkr-

{kkj rÙokauk dls izkIr djkos \

fgjO;k HkkT;k rlsp HkkT;kaps lkyVs vkf.k vékP;k dksaMÓkke/;s {kkj rRokaps

izek.k tkLr vlrs- ijarq vkeP;k orZeku dkGkrhy lH;rsus vkEgkyk myVkp /kMk

f’kdfoyk vkgs- vkEgh mi;ksxh inkFkk±uk rj Qsdwu nsrks vkf.k lRoghu inkFkk±uk xzg.k

djrks- v’kkizdkjs vkEgh vkiY;k vkjksX;klkscr Qkjp /kksdknk;d [ksG [ksGr vkgksr-

tkM nGysY;k xOgkP;k d.khds e/;s ¼tj R;kyk pkG.khus Nkuys ukgh rj½ {kkj rÙo

Ik;kZIr izek.kkr vlrkr- ijarq tsOgk R;kyk ckjhd nGwu R;kpk eSnk cufoY;k tkrks]

rsOgk R;kyk [kkY;kus QDr vEy mRié dj.kkjk va’kp iksVkr tkrks- ;kpizek.ks

HkkT;kaph lkyiVs dk<wu QsdY;kus vf/kdka’k {kkj rRo gs Qsd.;kr ;srkr- nkGhP;k

lkyiVkae/;s lq)k {kkjkpk FkksMklk va’k vlrks- ikWyh’k dsysY;k nkGh o rkanqGke/;s

vEykpk va’k tkLr vlrks-

{kkjkps vf/kD; vl.kkjs inkFkZ dks.kdks.krs vkgsr \

1- loZ xksM QGs-

  185  

2- fgjO;k ikukaP;k HkkT;k-

3- dksaMÓkklghr vlysyh xOgkph d.khd-

4- gkrkus dkaMysys rkanwG-

5- xqG o ‘kgn-

6- fyacwP;k vkacVi.kke/;s vEyh; rRo vkgsr- ijarq iksVkr tkÅu rs {kkj

rÙoka e/;s cnywu tkrkr-

vEyh; inkFkZ dks.kdks.krs vkgsr \

1- ekal] eklksGh] vaMh-

2- eS|kiklwu cuysyh dpksjh] eBjh] lekslk] iwjh bR;knh-

3- e’khu}kjs dk<ysys ika<js o ikWfy’k dsysys rkanwG-

4- lkyh dk<ysY;k nkGh-

5- yks.kph] MCck can [kk| inkFkZ] pgk] dkWQh] lk[kj] —f=e ihB-

6- feBkbZ-

ÁKk;ksx & O;k;ke

;k O;k;kekyk eqykaiklwu rs EgkrkÚ;kaIk;Zar vls loZp L=h&iq#”k vkuankus d#

‘kdrkr- ;kr loZ eq[; vaxkpk O;k;ke larqfyri.ks gksrks- ;keqGs vaxkojhy rk.k o

detksjh nwj gksÅu R;kr yofpdrk o ‘kDrhpk lapkj gksrks- ;ksx O;k;kekP;k ;k

i)rhe/;s vklu] mi&vklu] eqæk] ‘oklksPNoklkpk Øe o ‘kjhj lapkyukP;k

ykse&foykse fØ;spk lqanj leUo; lk/kY;k xsyk vkgs- vklu o izk.kk;kekpk gk

la;qDr iz;ksx ‘kjhj o eu vFkkZr LFkwy o lw{e v’kk nks?kkalkBhgh Qkjp Qk;|kpk

vkgs-

;k O;k;ke Ük`a[kysP;k izR;sd eqæs lkscr xk;=h ea=kP;k v{kjkauk o O;kàrhauk

tksMY;kus] ‘kjhjkP;k O;k;keklkscrp eukph ,dkxzrk o HkkousP;k ikfo«;kpk vH;kl

lq)k lkscr&lkscrp gksr tkrks-

izKk;ksx O;k;kekP;k eqæk fp=kalghr letkfo.;kr vkY;k vkgsr- 16

funsZ’kkae/;s O;k;kekph ,d Ük`a[kyk iw.kZ gksrs- fp=kaalkscr ‘kCnkae/;s fp= la[;k lq)k

Nki.;kr vkyh vkgs- ;kpizek.ks oS;fDrd fdaok lkewfgdi.ks gk O;k;ke djk;yk gok-

  186  

Ø- 1 & * Hkw% ¼rkMklu½ &

fo/kh & gGw&gGw ‘okl vkar ?ks.;kl lq#okr djkoh- nksUgh gkrkauk ojP;k

fn’ksus mpykos- nksUgh Ikk;kaP;k rGO;kaoj mHks gksr] ‘kjhjkyk ojP;k fn’ksr rk.kkos- n`”Vh

vkdk’kkdMs Bsokoh- ;k pkjgh fØ;k ,dkp osGh djk;yk gO;k- gk O;k;ke rkMkluk

¼fp= ua- 1½ izek.ks laié gksbZy- gh fØ;k lgti.ks ftrD;k osGsr ‘kD; gksr vlsy]

frrD;k osGsr d#u iq<hy fØ;k ¼fp= ua- 2½ djkoh-

Qk;ns & ;keqGs ân;kph detksjh] jDrnks”k o c)dks”Brk nwj gksrs- es#n.MkP;k

;ksX; fodklke/;s gs vklu enr djrs- ;keqGs Luk;q ra= yofpd gksrs vkf.k

‘kjhjkojhy rk.k ¼vkGl½ yxsp nwj gksrks-

Ø- 2 & * Hkqo% ¼ikn gLrklu½ &

fo/kh & ‘oklkyk lksMr leksjhy Hkkxkl ¼dacjs iklwu ojpk Hkkx] eku o gkr

lkscr&lkscr½ >qdkos- gkrkauk gLriknklu] fp= ua- 2 izek.ks [kkyh usr nksUgh gkrkauh

nksUgh ik;ktoGhy tehuhyk Li’kZ djkok- MksD;kyk ik;kP;k xqM?;k’kh ‘kD;rks Li’kZ

dj.;kpk iz;Ru djkok- ¼xqM?;kiklwu ik; okdw u;sr½ ;kyk lgti.ks ftrds gksÅ

‘kdsy frrdsp djkos- Øe’k% vH;kl djhr jkghY;kus vklukph ;ksX; fLFkrh cur

tkrs-

Qk;ns & ;keqGs ok;q nks”k nwj gksrkr- bMk] fiaxyk] lq”kqEusyk cG feGrs- ;k}kjs

iksV o tBjkps vktkj gksr ukghr o >kY;kl rs yodj nwj gksrkr- gs vklu tBjk

toGhy vfrfjDr esnkyk ¼pchZyk½ lq)k deh djrs- rs c)dks”Brsyk nwj djrs-

es#n.Mkyk yofpd cufors o jDr izokgke/;s ok< djrs-

Ø- 3 & * Lo% ¼otzklu½ &

fo/kh & gLriknklukP;k fLFkfre/;s ljGi.ks tqGysY;k ik;kauk xqM?;kaiklwu

eksMkos- nksUgh rGO;kauk ekxhy fn’ksus usr R;koj otzkluk ¼fp= Ø- 3½ izek.ks clkos-

nksUgh gkr nksu xqM?;kaoj] dacjsiklwu es#n.MkIk;Zar ‘kjhj ,dne ljG o ‘okl lkekU;

vlkok- gh oLrqr% O;k;kekP;k vk/khph foJkekph voLFkk vkgs-

Qk;ns & Hkkstu ipfo.;kr enr djrs- ok;qnks”k o c)dks”Brsyk vkf.k iksVkP;k

tMi.kkyk nwj djrs- tBj o xHkkZ’k;kP;k ekalis’khauk cG iznku djrs- ;keqGs gfuZ;k

iklqu Lor%ps j{k.k gksrs- xHkkZ’k;] tBj bR;knh e/;s jDr o Luk;qP;k okbZV izHkkokyk

nwj djrs-

  187  

Ø- 4 & rr~ ¼m”Vªklu½ &

fo/kh & xqM?;koj Bsoysys nksUgh gkr ‘kjhjkP;k ekxs ?ksÅu tkosr- gkrkaps rGos

ik;kP;k Vkpsoj Bsokosr- vkrk gGw&gGw ‘okl vks<r ^m”Vªkluk* ¼fp= Ø- 4½ izek.ks

Nkrhyk Qqxfor iq<hy fn’ksus Å/oZeq[kh vks<kos- n`”Vh vkdk’kkdMs vlkoh- ;keqGs iksV]

vksVhiksV] eku o ckgq ;k lok±pk O;k;ke ,dkp osGh gksÅu tkrks-

Qk;ns & ;keqGs ân; ‘kfDroku curs- es#n.M vkf.k bMk] fiaxyk o lq”kqEusyk

cG izkIr gksrs- gs vklu ipu iz.kkyh] ?kk.ksps mRltzZu o iztuu iz.kkyh lkBh ykHkizn

Bjrs- ikBnq[kh o v/kZ orZqGkdkj ¼okdysY;k½ >kysY;k ikBhyk Bhd djrs-

Ø- 5 & lforq% ¼;ksx eqæk½ &

fo/kh & vkrk ‘okl lksMr iwohZ izek.ks rGO;kaoj ljG cl.;kP;k fLFkfre/;s

;kos- ;klkscrp nksUgh gkrkauk ikBhekxs ?ksÅu tkos o nksUgh gkrkaph cksVa vkilkr xqaQqu

gGw&gGw gkrkauk ojP;k fn’ksus vks<kos- eLrdkyk tehuh’kh Li’kZ dj.;kpk iz;Ru

^;ksxeqæs* izek.ks ¼fp= Ø- 5½ djkok-

Qk;ns & ;keqGs ok;qnks”k nwj gksrks- gk O;k;ke ipu iz.kkyhyk rhoz o

tBjkXuhyk mÌhIr djrks- c)dks”Brsyk nwj djrks vkf.k ef.kiwjd pØkyk tkx`r djrks-

Ø- 6 & ojs.;a ¼v/kZ rkMklu½ &

fo/kh & vkrk gGw&gGw MksD;kyk oj mpykos vkf.k ‘okl ?ksr nksUgh gkrkauk

dk[ksiklwu iq<s vk.kr ojP;k fn’ksus ?ksÅu tkos- cl.;kP;k fLFkrh e/;s dks.krsgh

ifjorZu d# u;s- n`f”Vyk oj d#u gkrkP;k rGO;kauk c?k.;kpk iz;Ru djkok] ¼fp=

Ø- 6½ gh v/kZrkMklukph voLFkk vkgs-

Qk;ns & ân;kP;k detksjhyk nwj d#u jDrnks”kkyk gVfors o c)dks”Brsyk nwj

djrs- rkMklukiklwu ts Qk;ns gksrkr] rsp ;k vkluk}kjs lq)k gksrkr-

Ø- 7 & HkxksZ ¼’k’kkadklu½ &

fo/kh & ‘oklkyk lksMr dacjsiklqu ojhy Hkkxkyk ¼dacj] es#n.M o gkr

lkscr&lkscr½ iq<s >qdowu eLrdkyk tehuh’kh ykokos- nksUgh gkrkauk ftrds iq<s usrk

;sbZy] usÅu R;kyk tehuh’kh fpidwu Bsokos- gs vklu ‘k’kkadkluk ¼fp= Ø-7½ izek.ks

djk;ps vkgs-

  188  

Qk;ns & iksVkps vktkj nwj gksrkr- <qaxu o xqnk}kjk e/khy eklis’khauk gs vklu

lkekU; Bsors- lk;fVdsP;k Luk;qauk f’kfFky djrs vkf.k ,fMªuy xzaFkhP;k dk;kZyk

fu;fer djrs- gs c)dks”Brsyk nwj djrs-

Ø- 8 & nsoL; ¼Hkqtaxklu½ &

fo/kh & gkr o ik;kps rGos] vkgs R;kp LFkkukoj Bsohr] ‘okl vks<r]

dacjsyk oj mpyr /kMkyk iq<hy fn’ksus ?ksÅu tkos- xqM?ks o ekaMÓkkuk tehuhyk Li’kZ

d# |kok- ljG gkrkaoj /kMkyk dacjsiklwu ekxs ojP;k fn’kus eksMr Nkrh oj dk<koh-

ekusyk ojP;k fn’ksus rk.kkos- fp= Ø- 8 izek.ks Hkqtaxkluk lkj[kh eqæk cuokoh-

Qk;ns & ân; o es#n.Mkyk ‘kDrh feGrs- ok;q nks”kkyk nwj djrs- Hkqdsyk

mÙksftr djrs o c)dks”Brsyk u”V djrs- gs vklu dkGht o fdM.khlkBh ykHknk;d

vkgs-

Ø- 9 & /khefg ¼fr;Zd Hkqtaxklu MkohdMs½ &

fo/kh & fp= Ø- 8 P;k eqæs e/;s dkghp cny d# u;s- QDr ekusyk iw.kZi.ks

MkohdMs usr mtO;k ik;kP;k VkpsdMs c?kkos-

Qk;ns & Hkqtaxkluk lkj[ksp ykHk ;kr izkIr gksrkr-

Ø- 10 & f/k;ks ¼fr;Zd Hkqtaxklu mtohdMs½ &

fo/kh & ‘kjhjkP;k fLFkfryk vk/kh lkj[ksp Bsohr ekusyk mtohdMs oGfor

MkO;k ik;kP;k VkpsdMs c?kkos-

Qk;ns & Hkqtaxkluk lkj[ksp ykHk ;kr izkIr gksrkr-

Ø- 11 & ;ksu% ¼’k’kkadklu½ &

fo/kh & gkrk&ik;kP;k rGO;kauk vkiY;k tkxsojp Bsokos- ‘okl lksMr xqM?;ka

iklwu ik;kyk eksMr fp= Ø- 7 izek.ks ‘k’kkadklukP;k fLFkrhe/;s ;kos-

Qk;ns & ‘k’kkadkluk izek.ksp ¼Ø- 7½ ykHk ;kr izkIr gksrkr-

Ø- 12 & izpksn;kr~ ¼v/kZ rkMklu½ &

fo/kh & gh eqæk] eqæk Øekad 6 izek.ksp v/kZ rkMklukph jkghy- nh?kZ ‘okl

?ksr] dacj] eku o nksUgh gkrkauk oj mpykos- fp= Ø-10 P;k fLFkrh e/;s ;kos-

Qk;ns & rkMkluk lkj[ksp ykHk ;kr izkIr gksrkr-

  189  

Ø- 13 & Hkw% ¼mRdVklu½ &

fo/kh &;k eqæs e/;s ik;kP;k rGO;kaoj mRdVkluk izek.ks ¼fp= Ø- 11½

clrkr- Nkrh ckgsj fu?kkysyh] gkr rGO;katoGwu tehuhyk Li’kZ djhr ljG fdaok

ueLdkjkP;k eqæs e/;s vk.kkos- ‘oklkP;k xfryk lkekU; Bsokos-

Qk;ns & fiaMjh etcwr curs- ‘kjhj larqfyr gksrs-

Ø- 14 & Hkqo% ¼ikngLrklu½ &

fo/kh & ik;kps rGos tehuhyk iw.kZi.ks ykowu Bsokos- xqM?;kiklwu ik; ljG

djkos- <qaxukyk oj mpywu gkrkP;k rGO;kauk ik;kP;k rGO;ktoG Bsokos- ‘okl ckgsj

dk<kok- fp= Ø- 2 izek.ks ikngLrklukP;k fLFkrhe/;s ;kos-

Qk;ns & eqæk Ø-2 izek.ks ok;q nks”k nwj gksrkr-

Ø- 15 & Lo% ¼rkMklu½ &

fo/kh & gGw&gGw ‘okl vks<r dacjsojhy Hkkxkyk] eku o gkrkauk

lkscr&lkscr oj ?;kos- fp= Ø- 13 izek.ks ‘kjhjkyk ojP;k fn’ksr rk.kkos- n`”Vh

vkdk’kkdMs vlkoh- ;k pkjgh fØ;k ,dkp osGh Ogk;yk gO;k- gk iw.kZ O;k;ke fp=

Ø-12 izek.ks rkMkluklkj[kk laié gksbZy- gh fØ;k lgti.ks ftrD;k osGsr gksr

vlsy] djkoh o R;kuarj iq<hy fØ;slkBh iq<pk uacj cksykok-

Qk;ns & eqæk Ø- 1 izek.ks ân;kP;k detksjhyk nwj d#u jDrnks”kkyk Bhd

djrs- vkGlkyk nwj iGfors-

Ø- 16 & * ¼cGkph Hkkouk djhr lko/kkuP;k fLFkrhe/;s ;s.ks½ &

fo/kh & * ps xqatu djhr] gkrkaP;k eqBhauk dlwu cGkP;k Hkkousus gkrkP;k

dksijkauk eksMhr o eqBhauk [kka|ktoGwu usr gkr [kkyh lko/kkuP;k fLFkrh e/;s U;kos-

;k fØ;syk ‘okl lksMr lEié djkos-

;k lksGk eqæsP;k la;ksxkus ;ksx O;k;kekps ,d pØ iw.kZ gksrs- vk/kh Øe’k%

,dk&,dk eqæspk vH;kl djfo.;kr ;kok] uarj Øe’k% iw.kZ ;ksx O;k;kekyk djkos

fdaok djowu ?;kos- lq#okrhyk ,d&nksunkp gk iw.kZ O;k;ke djkok- uarj ;kph la[;k

ok<foY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- lokZr ‘ksoVh ‘koklu ¼f’kfFkyhdj.k½ djkos- lkeqfgd vH;klkr

,d lkj[;k xfrus fMªy P;k vuq’kklukps ikyu djhr O;k;ke djfo.;kr ;kok- ;k

  190  

vuq’kklukr T;k O;Drh fQV clr ukghr] R;kauh oS;fDrdi.ks vH;kl djkok]

lkewfgd leLojrsyk R;kauh u”V d# u;s-

;ksx O;k;kekr ?ks.;kr ;s.kkÚ;k n{krk &

1- ‘kjhj o diMÓkkauk LoPN Bsokos-

2- ;ksx O;k;kekyk ‘kq) gosr djkos- ?kjkr djko;kpk vlY;kl rs LFkku

lkQ&LoPN o gos’khj vkgs dh ukgh ;kyk c?kwu ?;kos-

3- vklu djrkauk dq.kkps frFks vuko’;di.ks mifLFkr jkg.ks ;ksX; ukgh-

nqljhdMs y{k vk—“V dj.kkjh ppkZ lq)k frFks gksÅ u;s- vklu dj.kkÚ;kaps

izlé fpÙk jkg.ks Qkjp vko’;d vkgs- ldkG&la/;kdkGyk vka?kksG

dsY;kuarj ;ksx O;k;ke djkok-

4- ;ksxkH;kl dj.kkÚ;kauh ‘kD;rks ldkGh pkj oktrk >ksiwu mB.;kph o

jk=hyk ngk oktsi;Zar >ksiwu tk.;kph lo; Vkdk;yk goh-

5- Hkkstu gs vkiY;k fLFkrhuq#i] lqlaLdkjh] LokLFko/kZd o o;kuq#i ,dk

fuf’pr osGh izlé Hkkousus djkos- LoknkP;k yksHkke/;s iMwu tkLr tso.k

dj.ks uqdlkunk;d Bjrs-

6- Hkkstu gs lk/ks&lkfRod vlkos- R;kr fejph o elkys ulY;kl Qkjp

mÙke- Vkdk;psp >kY;kl Qkj vYi izek.kkr Vkdkos- mdGysY;k HkkT;k

xq.kdkjh vlrkr- df.kd gh dksaMÓkklfgr o gkrkus dkaMysyk rkanwG ykHkizn

vkgs-

7- ;ksX; O;k;ke djrkauk ‘kjhjkoj ?kÍ clrhy vls diMs ?kkyw u;s- f<ys

diMsp ykHkizn vlrkr- vUrZoL= ?kÍ ?kky.ks ;ksX; vkgs-

8- ;ksx O;k;ke dsY;kuarj v/kkZ rkl foJke d#u nq/k fdaok QGa ?ksrk ;srkr-

pgk] dkWQh lkj[ks u’kk vk.k.kkjs inkFkZ uqdlkunk;d vlrkr-

9- ldkGh fdaok la/;kdkGh ‘kkSp dk;Z vkVksiwu ;ksxkpk vH;kl djk;yk gok-

vka?kksGhuarj lq/nk ;kyk djrk ;srs- Hkkstu >kY;kaurj dks.kR;kgh fLFkfrr

dehr&deh rhu rklkuarjp vklu dj.ks ;ksX; vkgs-

10- vfuæsps fuokj.k dj.;klkBh ‘koklukpk Hkkoiw.kZ vH;kl lrr djk;yk

gok-

  191  

11- vklukaph fuoM djrkauk iq<s >qd.kkÚ;k vklukalkscr ekxs >qd.kkjs vklu

dj.ks lq)k vko’;d vkgs- T;kauk iksVkr eqjMk ;srks] R;kauh es#n.Mkyk ekxs

>qdowu dj.kkjh vklus d# u;sr- T;kaph MksGs nq[krkr fdaok yky gksrkr]

R;kauh f’k”kkZlu d# u;s-

12- ;ksxkH;klke/;s ykxysY;k O;fDrus czEgp;kZps ¼la;ekps½ ikyu n`<rsus

djk;yk gos- ;ksxkH;klkuarj yxsp dks.krsgh otuh dk;Z d# u;s-

;ksxkH;klkyk fu;feri.ks djkos- czEgp;kZdfjrk Lok/;k; o lsokijk;.k

thou txkos- lrr O;Lr jkgkos- eLrhus Hkjysys thou txkos- ;klkBh

fopkj o Hkkouspk ifj”dkj dj.ks Qkjp vko’;d vkgs-

13- izR;sd vH;kldR;kZus vusd vklukaiSdh Lor%lkBh mi;qDr v’kk vklukauk

fo’ks”kKka dMwu fuf’pr d#u ?;kos vkf.k R;kauk fu;feri.ks djhr jkgkos-

dkgh egRokps izk.kk;ke

euq”;kP;k izk.k’kfDryk ok<fo.;klkBh izk.kk;kekph i)rh gh _f”kauh ekuorsyk

fnysyh vuqie HksV vkgs- gh ,d v’kh egRokph fo|k vkgs dh T;k}kjs lkekU; O;Drh

lq)k Lor%P;k izk.k’kfDryk ok<owu vlkekU; dk;Z d# ‘kdrks- lar o egkiq#”kke/;s

vl.kkjs izk.k’kDrhps vkf/kD; gsp R;kauk egku cufor vlrs- ;k fo’o czEgk.Mke/;s

izk.k ‘kDrhpk vQkV leqæ rjafxr gksr vkgs- lkekU; ‘oklksPNoklkeqGs ‘kjhjkr

frrD;kp izk.k rRokpk lapkj gksr vlrks] ftrdk dh ‘kjhjkr izk.k fVdowu

Bso.;klkBh vko’;d vlrks- ekuoh thoukr izk.k ‘kDrhpk fo’ks”k lapkj Ogkok]

;kdfjrk izk.kk;kekps iz;ksx dsY;k tkrkr- ;kps vusd izdkj izpfyr vkgsr- izfrHksP;k

fodklklkBh izk.kkd”kZ.k izk.kk;ke o lw;Zos/ku izk.kk;kekph ppkZ fo’ks”k #ikus dj.;kr

vkyh vkgs- ‘kjhjkyk fujksxh Bso.;klkBh vkf.k vktkjkaps fuokj.k dj.;kr vR;ar

ykHknk;d v’kk egRokP;k izk.kk;kekaph ppkZ bFks dj.;kr ;sr vkgs- ;k izk.kk;kekauk

,[kk|k izf’kf{kr O;fDrdMwu f’kdwu R;kapk iz;ksx dj.ksp ;ksX; Bjrs- pqdhP;k i)rhus

izk.kk;ke dsY;kus uqdlku gks.;kph laHkkouk lq)k vlrs-

izk.kk;kek dfjrk ?ks.;kr ;s.kkÚ;k vko’;d n{krk &

1- izk.kk;kek dfjrk LoPN tkxk o ‘kq) gosps vl.ks Qkj vko’;d vkgs-

ik.;k toG clwu izk.kk;ke dj.ks tkLr ykHknk;d Bjrs- ;kdfjrk iwosZdMs

  192  

rksaM d#u clkos- ‘kgjkrhy okrkoj.kkr ftFks cgq/kk gok iznwf”kr vlrs]

frFks xks?k`r fdaok xqXxqG tkGwu R;k LFkkukyk vk/kh lqxaf/kr d#u ?;kos-

2- izk.kk;kek dfjrk fl)klu] otzklu] in~eklu fdaok lq[kkluk e/;s cl.ks

tkLr mi;qDr vlrs- cl.;kps vklu gs fo|qrps dqpkyd vlkos] tls

Cy¡dsV fdaok dq’kklu-

3- fjdkE;k iksVh izk.kk;ke djkok- HkkstukP;k dehr&deh ikp rklkuarj

izk.kk;ke djk;yk gok-

4- izk.kk;kekP;k osGh eu ‘kkar o izlé fpÙk vlkos- izk.kk;ke vkVksiY;k uarj

‘koklu djkos-

5- xHkZorh fL=;kauh o rki vlysY;k #X.kkauh izk.kk;ke d# u;s- nw/k] ngh] rwi

o QGkapk fu;fer iz;ksx djkok-

6- ‘oklkyk jksd.;kr fdaok ckgsj dk<.;kr vuko’;d gÍ d# u;s-

izk.kk;kekyk lgtfjR;k djkos-

7- izk.kk;ke djrs osGh ikBhpk d.kk] Nkrh] dacj o eku ljG d#u clkos-

izk.kk;ke dj.;kr ?kkbZ d# u;s-

HkfL=dk izk.kk;ke

;k izk.kk;keke/;s nksUgh ukdiqMÓkka}kjs gosyk iw.kZ osxkus Mk;Ýke Ik;Zar Hkjkos

vkf.k uarj iw.kZ ‘kfDrus R;kyk ckgsj dk<kos- T;kaph Qq¶Qqla o ân; detksj vkgsr-

R;kauh gGqokji.ks izk.kk;ke djkok- ;k izk.kk;keke/;s izk.k ‘kDrhpk lapkj QDr Nkrh

e/;sr gksr vlrks- ;k}kjs iksVke/;s izk.kkpk lapkj gksÅ u;s- izk.kk;ke djrkauk ‘okl

vkar ?ksrs osGh Hkkouk djkoh dh czEgk.Mkr O;kIr vlysyh fnO; ‘kDrh] izk.k ÅtkZ]

ikfo«;] ‘kkarrk o vkuan vkeP;k ‘kjhjkr izos’k djhr vkgs vkf.k ‘kjhjkP;k

d.kka&d.kkar fnO; ‘kDrh HkjY;k tkr vkgs- ‘okl ckgsj dk<rkauk Hkkouk djkoh dh

‘kjhjkrhy nks”k&nqxqZ.k ckgsj fu?kwu nwj tkr vkgsr-

Qk;ns & ;k izk.kk;kekyk dsY;kus Qq¶Qqla] ân; o efLr”dkyk ‘kq) izk.kok;q

Hkjiwj izek.kkr feGrks o R;keqGs ‘okl] nek] o ,ythZ lkj[ks vktkj nwj gksrkr-

‘kjhjkrhy fotkrh; inkFkZ ckgsj iMrkr- ;keqGs jDr ‘kq) gksrs- eu ‘kkar jkgrs- Je

  193  

dj.;kph bPNk eukr mRié gksrs o thouh ‘kDrh ¼jksx çfrjks/kd ‘kDrh½ e/;s ok<

gksrs-

dikyHkkrh izk.kk;ke

;k izk.kk;kekyk dsY;kus dikGkojhy vkst o rst ok<rs- ;ke/;s ‘oklkyk iw.kZ

‘kfDrus ckgsj QsdY;k tkrs- ‘okl ?ks.;kpk iz;Ru ;kr dsY;k tkr ukgh- tks ‘okl

lgti.ks vkar e/;s ;srks] R;kykp vkar ;sÅ nsrkr- ;k izk.kk;kekyk ikp fefuVkaIk;Zar

dsY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- ‘kjhjkrhy loZ vktkj gs ‘oklklkscr ckgsj fu?kr vkgsr o

ekufld fodkj u”V gksr vkgsr] v’kk izdkjph Hkkouk ;k izk.kk;kek e/;s djkoh- ;k

izk.kk;kekeqGs izk.k ‘kfDrpk lapkj QDr iksVke/;s gksrks- gok iksVkr HkjY;k tkrs o

iksVkrwu ckgsj iMrs- Eg.kwu iksV lrr vkar&ckgsj gksr jkgrs-

Qk;ns & ;k izk.kk;kekeqGs psgÚ;kojhy vkst o rst ok<rs vkf.k lkSan;kZe/;s

o`)h gksrs- yðiuk] e/kqesg] c)dks”Brk] vEy&fiÙk] o`Dd o izksLVsV P;k vusd

vktkjkae/;s ;kpk ykHk feGrks- ‘kjhjkps otu deh dj.;kr gk izk.kk;ke Qkj

ykHknk;d Bjrks- ;keqGs eu ‘kkar o izlUu jkgrs- fojks/kh fopkj u”V gksrkr vkf.k

#X.kkyk v’kDrrk o FkdO;kiklwu eqDrh feGrs- ipu iz.kkyhyk etcwr dj.;kr gk

izk.kk;ke Qkj ykHknk;d vkgs-

vuqykse&foykse izk.kk;ke

;kr mtO;k gkrkpk vkaxBk mtO;k ukdiqMhoj vkf.k rtZuh o e/;ek cksVkauk

tksMwu R;kauk MkO;k ukdiqMh oj Bsorkr- vk/kh MkO;k ukdiqMh}kjs ‘okl vkar Hkjrkr

o mtO;k ukdiqMh}kjs R;kyk ckgsj dk<rkr- T;k ukdiqMh}kjs ‘okl ckgsj dk<Y;k

tkrks] R;k}kjsp iqUgk ‘okl ?ksÅu nqlÚ;k ukdiqMh}kjs R;kyk ckgsj dk<Y;k tkrs-

ukdiqMhyk m?kM.ks o can dj.;kps dke ,dhdMs vkaxBk rj nqljhdMs rtZuh o e/;ek

feGwu djhr vlrkr- lq#okrhyk gk izk.kk;ke ean xrhus] FkksMÓkk vH;klkuarj e/;e

xrhus vkf.k uarj rhoz xrhus lq)k djrkr- gk izk.kk;ke djrkauk Hkkouk djkoh dh

MkohdMs fLFkr vlysyh bMk ukMh o mtohdMs fLFkr vlysY;k fiaxyk ukMh e/;s

‘oklkps ?k”kZ.k rhoz xrhus gksr vkgs vkf.k R;k nks?kkae/;s fLFkr vlysyh lq”kqEuk ukMh

tkx`r gksr vkgs- eqyk/kkj iklwu lgL=kj pØkIk;Zar ,dk fnO; T;ksfrpk lapkj ;k}kjs

gksr vkgs- vkf.k rh dqaMfyuh e/;s LQqj.k mRié djhr vkgs- izk.kk;ke djrkauk Hkkouk

djkoh dh vkeP;k lHkksorky ijes’ojkph fnO; ‘kDrh o fnO; Kku Hkjysys vkgs- gh

‘kDrh vkeps ‘kjhj] eu o vkRE;kyk izdkf’kr djhr vkgs-

  194  

Qk;ns & ;k izk.kk;kekeqGs vkeP;k loZ ukMÓkk ‘kq) gksrkr vkf.k ‘kjhj LoLFk

o etcwr curs- frUgh nks”k nwj gksrkr- vke&okr] la/khokr] Luk;qaph detksjh] okr

jksx] /kkrq jksx] vEy&okr] th.kZ lnhZ] ‘okl bR;knh dQ jksx nwj gksrkr- jDr

okgh.;kae/;s vkysyk vMFkGk nwj gksrks- dksysLVªky] ,p-Mh-,y- fdaok ,y-Mh-,y-

fu;fer gksÅu tkrkr-

Hkzkejh Ák.kk;ke

e/;ek o vukfedk cksVkauk tksMwu R;kauk ukdkP;k eqGkae/;s MksGÓkkatoG Bsokos

o R;koj FkksMk nko |kok- vkaxBÓkkauh nksUgh dkukauk can djkos vkf.k uarj ,[kk|k Hkzejk

izek.ks xqatu djkos- ;k çk.kk;kekr vk/kh ‘oklkyk ‘kjhjkr iw.kZ Hk#u ?ksrkr o uarj

xqatu djhr R;kyk ckgsj dk<rkr- ijes’ojh ‘kfDrlkscr vkeph psruk gh ,d#i gksr

vkgs] vkf.k R;kP;k d#.kspk o vkuankpk o”kkZo vkeP;koj gksr vkgs- vkKk pØk e/;s

izdk’k mRié gksÅu rsFkhy vKkuk nwj gksr vkgs- rlsp xqatukpk Loj efLr”dk e/khy

vkKk pØ o lgL=kj pØkyk tkx`r djhr vkgs- v’kh Hkkouk ;k izk.kk;keke/;s djkoh-

Qk;ns & ;k izk.kk;kekeqGs eukph papy o`Ùkh nwj gksrs- ekufld rk.k&r.kko]

mÙkstuk] O;kdqGrk o gk; CyM isz’kj e/;s Qk;nk iksgksprks-

* dkj /ouh

* gs ijesÜojkps iz—rh }kjs Lor% mPpkfjr dsysys uko vkgs- gk /ouh czEgk.Mkr

lrr xaqftr gksr vlrks- gkp czEgk.Mkps lapkyu djrks- *dkj gh ,d fnO; ‘kDrh

vkgs- ;k izk.kk;kekyk djrkauk ‘oklkyk ‘kjhjkr gGw&gGw iw.kZi.ks Hk#u ?ksrkr vkf.k

uarj * pk ukn djhr ‘oklkyk ckgsj lksMrkr- gh fØ;k ikp osGk djk;yk goh- ;kr

Hkkouk djkoh dh * pk ukn vkeP;k efLr”dke/;s xqathr gksr vkgs- rks vkeP;k

efLr”dkyk cyoku cufor vkgs] Lej.k ‘kfDryk ok<for vkgs vkf.k eukyk fnO;

ladYikus vksr&izksr djhr vkgs] ;keqGs lk/kd fnO; vkuankyk izkIr djhr lek/kh

voLFksdMs vxzslj gksrks- >ksirkauk v’kk izdkjps /;ku djhr >ksiY;kus okbZV LoIukaiklwu

eqDrrk feGrs o yodj >ksi ;srs-

ukMh ‘kq)h Ák.kk;ke

ukMh ‘kq)h izk.kk;kek dfjrk MkO;k ukdiqMhus ‘okl xzg.k d#u R;k}kjsp

lksMkok- ‘oklkyk vkr ?ks.;kP;k fØ;syk iwjd] vkar jksd.;kyk var% dqaHkd] ‘oklkyk

  195  

ckgsj dk<.;kyk jspd o ckgsj jksd.;kyk ckâ; daqHkd EgVY;k tkrs- ;kr Øe’k% 2 %

1 % 2 % 1 P;k izek.kkr osG ykxk;yk gok- ;k Øekyk nksu&fru osGk djkos- uarj

gkp Øe mtO;k Lojkus djkok- ;kuarj nksUgh ukdiqMÓkka}kjs iwjd o rksaMkus jspd djkos-

;kyk ,d izk.kk;ke letY;k tkrks- v’kk izdkjs ;k fØ;syk rhu osGk djkos-

Qk;ns & ;k izk.kk;kek}kjs bMk] fiaxyk o lq”kqEuk ukMh e/;s izk.k ‘kfDrpk

izokg larqfyr dsY;k tkrs- ;keqGs laiw.kZ ukMh laLFkkukph ‘kq)h gksrs- ;kr izR;sd

‘oklklkscr fnO; izk.k ‘kfDrpk lapkj o mPNoklklkscr fodkjkauk ckgsj Qsd.;kph

/kkj.kk dsY;k tkrs-

uksV & mPp Lrjkph ;ksx lk/kuk] izk.kk;ke o vklukaP;k foLr`r ekfgrh lkBh

‘kkafrdqat gfj}kj ;sFks pky.kkÚ;k dks.kR;kgh lathouh fo|k f’kfcjkr ;sÅu izf’k{k.k ?ksrk

;srs- f’kfcjkr ;s.;kvk/kh i=kpkj d#u Loh—rh vo’; izkIr d#u ?;koh- ;ksxklu o

izk.kk;kek}kjs lk/kdkauk cjspnk ;ksX; ykHk feGr ukgh- ;kps dkj.k egf”kZ ikratyh }kjs

lkaxhrY;k xsysY;k v”Vkax ;ksxkrhy izFke o f}rh; pj.k vlysY;k ;e&fu;ekph

ekghrh ul.ks vkgs- ;kdfjrk lk/kdkauh ;qx _”kh ijeiwT; ia- Jhjke ‘kekZ vkpk;kZ }kjs

jfpr iqLrd ^;e o fu;e* ;kyk vo’; okpkos- ikp ;e o ikp fu;ekaps ikyu

dsY;kus vklu o izk.kk;ke gs fuf’prp vkiyk peRdkjh izHkko nk[kforkr- vklu o

izk.kk;keke/;s fu”.kkr vlysY;k O;fDrauh ;ksx lk/kusP;k iq<hy fØ;k&izR;kgkj] /kkj.kk]

/;ku o lek/kh fo”k;h ekghrh feGfo.;klkBh iwT;oj }kjs fyghysys ^çR;kgkj /kkj.k

/;ku o lek/kh* iqLrdkpk vH;kl vo’; djk;yk gok-

Hkkjrh; laL—frps Lo#i o R;kps oSf’k”VÓk

Tkhou tx.;kph dyk Eg.ktsp laL—rh gks;- Hkkjrh; laL—rh Eg.k.;kekxs

vkepk vk’k; R;k ewyHkqr fopkjka’kh vkgs] T;kaps vkpj.k dsY;kus euq”; lH;] f’k”V

o laLdkjoku cur vlrks- euq”;kps pkaxys&okbZV laLdkjp R;kP;k mérh o voufrps

dkj.k cur vlrkr- Js”B laLdkjkus euq”;ke/;s ln~Hkkouspk o ln~xq.kkapk fodkl gksrks]

rj dqlaLdkjkeqGs euq”; irukP;k [kkbZ e/;s ?kljr tkrks- laL—rh gh euq”;kP;k

lkekftd O;ogkjkyk fuf’pr djrs vkf.k rhp thoukrhy vkn’kkZuk izdkf’kr djrs-

rh euq”;kyk fu”dke Hkkousus iw.kZRokdMs tk.;kph fn’kk nk[kfors- th O;Drh lH;

vkgs] rhp lqlaL—r vkgs- lH;rk o laL—rh gs ,d nqlÚ;kyk iwjd vkgsr- euq”;kps

pkaxys & okbZV vFkok ‘kqHk&v’kqHk fopkj gs R;kP;k lH;rsph vksG[k d#u nsrkr

vkf.k R;kpk O;ogkj gk R;kP;k laL—fryk n’kZfor vlrks- ;kizek.ks fopkj dsY;kl]

  196  

,dhdMs lH;rk gk laL—frpk ifj.kke vkgs] rj nwljhdMs lH;rk gh izR;sd lekt o

jk”VªkP;k laL—frpk O;kogkfjd iSyw vkgs-

okLro rj gsp vkgs dh laL—rh ghp dks.kR;kgh lektkph fdaok jk”Vªkph

vewY; laink vlrs- ;kp vk/kkjs pkfj«;oku O;fDreRo r;kj gksrkr vkf.k rsp

,[kk|k izdk’k LrEHkkizek.ks thoukr ;s.kkÚ;k Hkzekrwu yksdkauk lrr ;ksX; ekxZ nk[kfor

jkgrkr- T;k jk”Vªkrhy cgqla[;d ukxfjd pkfj«;oku o lqlaL—r vlrkr] rsp jk”Vª

usgeh tkx`r vlrs-

euq”; ;k txkr tUekyk ;srks o vkiys thou txwu iqUgk ijyksdh fu?kwu tkrks-

lekt cur vlrkr o fc?kMrkr lq)k] ijarq laL—rh gh dkGkP;k ekaMhoj ok<r

jkgrs- rh vusd mRFkku o irukrwu] vk?kkr o vojks/kkrwu tkrs vkf.k v’kk izdkjs ,d

ykac ;k=srwu tkr frps #i cg:u ;srs- gGwgGw R;krhy ewY; brds ‘kk’or o izxk<

gksÅu tkrkr dh ex eksBÓkkr&eksBs >a>kokr lq)k fryk gkyow ‘kdr ukgh- Hkkjrkoj

vusd Øwj ‘kkldkaps vkØe.k >kysr- R;kauh ;koj jkT; lq)k dsys- ijarq HkkjrkP;k

laL—fryk rs lq#ax ykow ‘kdys ukghr- ;kmyV R;kauh ;kps xq.kxk.kp dsys vkf.k fdrh

rjh fons’kh tkrh rj ;k laL—rhe/;s iw.kZi.ks ,d#i gksÅu ;kP;kp jaxk e/;s jaxwu

xsY;k- ;k egkurs eqGsp Hkkjrh; laL—rh gh vts; jkghyh- okLro rj gsp vkgs dh]

laL—rh ghp dks.kR;kgh jk”Vªkpk izk.k vlrs- ;k}kjsp rs jk”Vª thoar o tkx`r cur

vlrs- dks.krkgh lekt o jk”VªkP;k lkekftd izFkk] vkpkj&fopkj] O;ogkj] ioZ&l.k

o lkeqnkf;d thoukph laiw.kZ tM.k ?kM.k gh laL—rhP;k ik;kojp mHkh vlrs- tsOgk

laL—rhe/;s fo—rh ;sÅ ykxrs] rsOgk R;k jk”Vªkph vkarfjd o ckâ; ?kM.k lq)k

djZ&djZ d# ykxrs-

Hkkjrh; laL—rh gh Qkj izkphu vkgs- laiwZ.k txkyk ;k Hkkjr ns’kkrwup izdk’k

izkIr >kysyk vkgs- ia- Jhjke ‘kekZ vkpk;Z }kjs jfpr iqLrd ^leLr fo’o dks Hkkjr

ds vtL= vuqnku* ;kph lk{k nsrs- Hkkjrh; laL—frps vo’ks”k vkt lq)k lkrk leqæk

iyhdMhy vusd ns’kkae/;s c?khrY;k tkÅ ‘kdrkr- Hkkjrkr v/;kRe gs Qkj [kksyoj

#tysys vkgs- ;sFkhy vkgkj&fogkj] >ksi.ks&mB.ks] cl.ks] ‘kkSp&Luku] ;k=k] fookg]

l.k&ioZ&mRlo] tUe&ej.k ;k lok±pk vk/kkj v/;kRep vkgs- ;sFkhy thoukrhy

,dgh iSyw vlk ukgh T;kr v/;kRekpk lekos’k ulsy-

bZ’ojklaca/kh ekU;rspk fopkj dsY;kl] Hkkjrh; laL—rh e/;s dks.kR;kgh

ekU;rsoj dks.krkp izfrca/k ukgh- Hkkjrh; laL—frps gs oSf’k”BÓkp vkgs dh bFks

  197  

cgqnsooknkyk lq)k Lohdkj dsY;k xsys vkgs- bFks izR;sd O;Drh vkiY;k Lor%P;k bPNs

uqlkj o i)fruqlkj dks.krhgh mikluk i)rh Lohdkj.;klkBh iw.kZi.ks Lora= vkgs-

;krhy oSf’k”BÓk gsp vkgs dh osxosxG;k ekxkZus loZ euq”; ,dkp y{;kdMs ¼ijesÜojk

dMs½ vxzslj gksr vlrkr ;kr dq.kkpk dq.kk’kh dlykgh fojks/k ukgh-

izkphu rRon’khZ _f”kauh ,dk v’kk fopkj i)fryk o dk;Ziz.kkyhyk fodflr

dsys gksrs] T;kpk vaxhdkj d#u euq”; Lor% rj lq[k&‘kkarhiwoZd jkgrp vls]

R;kf’kok; vkiY;k laidkZr ;s.kkÚ;k yksdkaP;k lq[k&’kkarrs e/;s ok< lq)k d# ‘kdr

vls- gs rRoKku laiw.kZ txklkBh gksrs- ;k iz.kkyhpk ‘kks/k Hkkjrkr ykxY;keqGs R;kyk

Hkkjrh; laL—rh EgVY;k xsys- Hkkjrh; laL—rh gh dks.krkgh ns’k] tkrh fdaok laiznk;k

Ik;Zar e;kZfnr ukgh rj rh laiw.kZ euq”; tkrh lkBh ,d lkj[khp dY;k.kdkjh vkgs-

lq[k&’kkarrk & Hkkjrh; laL—frus euq”;kyk bfUæ;&yksyqirk o fo”k;&oklus

P;k r`Irh e/;s lq[k c?k.;kP;k Hkzek iklwu usgeh lko/kku dsys vkgs- inkFkkZe/;s lq[k

‘kks/k.;k,soth vkarfjd lq[k&larq”Vhps vls /kMs Hkkjrh; laL—frus txkyk fnys vkgsr

dh ts HkkSfrd lq[kkis{kk tkLr vkarfjd vkuan euq”;kyk miyC/k d#u ns.;kr lgk;d

Bjrkr- ;k laL—frus lq[kkpk vk/kkj inkFkkZyk ukgh rj euq”;kP;k vkarfjd fLFkrhyk

ekuys vkgs- okLro rj gsp vkgs dh lq[k gh euq”;kph rh vkarfjd fLFkrh vkgs] th

R;kyk orZekukr larq”V Bsowu Hkkoh fodklk dfjrk la?k”kZ‘khy cufors vkf.k R;kr

vkarfjd Js”Brsyk ok<for tkrs- ;k eu%fLFkrh eqGsp rks e`xtGkP;k Hkzekiklwu okprks

vkf.k usgeh lnkpkjke/;s lq[kkph vuqHkwrh ?ksrks-

mnkjrk & Hkkjrh; _”kh&efu”kh o rRon’khZauh ekuoh thoukr R;kxkyk lokZr

tkLr egRo fnys vkgs- dkj.k gh R;kxkph Hkkoukp euq”;kr nqlÚ;kafo”k;h mnkjrsps Hkko

mRié djrs- ekuoh thoukr —i.krs ,soth mnkjrsps egRo ekuY;k xsys vkgs- ;keqGs

ijLij lg;ksx o`Ùkh ok<.;klkscrp vkReh;rspk fodkl lq)k >kysyk vkgs- ;k dkj.kka

eqGsp Hkkjrkr nqlÚ;kafo”k;h usgeh mnkjrspkp Hkko fodflr gksr xsyk- T;kauh ;sFkhy

yksdkauk dkgh d”V tjh fnys vlrhy] R;kauk lq)k ;sFks {keknkup feGr jkghys vkgs-

loZ izk.khek=ka’kh izse dj.ks] gh Hkkjrh; laL—frph fo’ks”krk vkgs-

ln~Hkkouspk fodkl & Hkkjrh; laL—rh gh euq”;ke/;s ln~HkkousP;k fodklkoj

lokZr tkLr cG nsrs- R;kpk gk mn~?kks”kp vkgs dh vkEgh nqlÚ;ka’kh vlk O;ogkj d#

u;s] tks vkEgkyk Lor%lkBh vkoMr ukgh- oLrqr% euq”;kP;k Hkkouk o vkLFkkp

R;kP;k fopkjkauk tUe nsr vlrkr vkf.k fopkj gsp R;kP;k vkpj.kkyk izHkkfor

  198  

djrkr- Eg.kwu vkpj.kkrhy Js”Brsyk o ikfo«;kyk fVdowu Bso.;klkBh thoukr

ln~Hkkousyk fodflr dj.;koj lokZr tkLr tksj ns.;kr vkyk vkgs-

lok±P;k nq%[kkr nq%[kh o lokZP;k lq[kkr lq[kh gks.ks] feGwu&felGwu o ijLij

okVwu [kk.ks] ijksidkjh thou tx.ks] lokZP;k lq[kklkBh izkFkZuk dj.ks v’kk izdkjps

^^losZ HkoUrq lqf[ku%** lkj[ks loZfgrdkjh fparu o O;ogkj gsp Hkkjrh; laL—frps ewG

oSf’k”BÓk vkgs-

uSfrdrk o lPpfj=rk & dks.kR;kgh jk”Vªkph [kjh laiÙkh Eg.kts pkfj«; cGkus

laié vlysys rsFkhy ukxfjdp vlrkr- R;kaps gs pkfj«;p lektkyk Js”B o lok±fx.k

ckcrhr mér cufor vlrs- Hkkjrh; laL—frus L=h&iq#”kkaP;k ijLij ,d nqlÚ;kadMs

c?k.;kP;k ikfo«;koj Qkj cG fnys vkgs- L=h yk frus iwT; Hkkousus c?khrys vkgs-

vkeP;k _f”kauh rj ;sFkIk;Zar EgVys vkgs dh ftFks L=h fo”k;h iwT; Hkko BsoY;k tkrks]

frFks nsokapk okl vlrks- ^;= uk;ZLrq iwT;Urs] jeUrs r= nsork%*

bafæ; la;ekyk lPpkfj«;kpk etcwr ik;k EgVY;k xsys vkgs vkf.k czEgp;kZ

ozrkps ikyu o vkfRed fodklkyk Js”B lk/kuk eku.;kr vkys vkgs- ukxfjdrk]

uSfrdrk o lPpfj=rsP;k xq.kkapk lrr fodkl dj.ks gh Hkkjrh; laL—frph vkiyh ,d

osxGh fo’ks”krk vkgs-

deZQGkpk fl)kUr & Hkkjrh; laL—frph gh ekU;rk vkgs dh tks tls deZ

djrks] rks r’kkp QGkyk izkIr djrks- nq”dekZ}kjs nq%[k o lRdekZ}kjs lq[k feG.;kph

izcG ekU;rk Hkkjrh; laL—frph vkgs- vkEgh ckHkGhps >kM ykoys rj R;kiklqu xksM

vkack vkEgkyk dlk pk[kk;yk feG.kkj \ deZQGkP;k ;k fl)karkus euq”;kyk iki

deZ o t?kU; vijk/k dj.;kiklwu okpfoys vkgs vkf.k R;kyk Js”B dekZizrh

vkLFkkoku cufoys vkgs-

vusdrse/;s ,dRo & Hkkjrh; laL—frps gs ,d vls oSf’k”BÓk vkgs dh T;kus

osxosxGîkk izdkjph os’k&Hkw”kk] [kk.ks&fi.ks] jkg.kheku] pkyh&fjrh] iwtk&LFkG]

mikluk i)rh o fofo/k ekU;rse/;s lq)k thoukrhy ‘kk’or lR;kyk vksG[kys vkgs

vkf.k R;kfo”k;h loZp ,dRo Hkkousus lefiZr vkgsr-

loZ/keZ leHkko & gh Hkkjrh; laL—frphp ns.k vkgs- bFks eanhj] efLtn] ppZ]

xq#}kjk] dkck] dk’kh v’kk lok±fo”k;hp lok±e/;s ,d lkj[khp vknjkph Hkkouk jkghyh

vkgs- gkp rks ns’k vkgs dh ftFks vkivkiY;k i)frus iwtk&mikluk dj.;klkBh

  199  

nsokaph okV.kh tjh >kyh vlsy rjh ân;kph okV.kh gh d/khp >kysyh ukgh- ;keqGsp

fØ;k i)frP;k vk/kkjs okV.;kr vkysys gs nso ân;kP;k Lrjkoj cjkscjhps Hkkxhnkj

vkgsr- Hkkjrh; laL—rh gh QDr Hkkjrkphp uOgs rj laiw.kZ txkph vkgs- rh fo’o

laL—rh vkgs- laiw.kZ ekuo tkrhph laL—rh vkgs-

ekxZ vusd & y{; ,d

euq”;kyk l`”Vhpk loZJs”B izk.kh ekuY;k xsys vkgs- ijarq R;k l`”Vkus euq”;kr

vl.kkÚ;k bPNk’kfDryk izcG cuowu R;klkBh nksu ekxZ cuowu fnys vkgsr- R;kyk

;kps Lokra«; ns.;kr vkys vkgs dh R;kus okVY;kl v/kksxkeh izo`Ùkh Lohdkjkoh o

Ik’kqrqY; thou txkos fdaok mR—“V thoukyk Lohdk#u nsoln`’k o loZJs”B thoukpk

vaxhdkj djkok- Eg.kwu foosd’khy vl.ks gkp euq”;kpk ije /keZ vkgs- ;k vk/kkjsp rks

lr~ o vlr~ e/khy varj letwu Js”Brk o egkursP;k ekxkZoj vxzslj gksr tkrks-

euq”; gk vkiY;k foosd cq)hP;k vk/kkjsp thoukrhy jgL;kauk letr vlrks-

‘kjhjkykp loZ dkgh u ekurk rks vkRE;kP;k vfLrRokyk lq)k Lohdkj djrks- ‘kjhj gs

miHkksx ?ks.;kdfjrk feGkysys vkgs] rj vkRE;kyk vkn’kk±P;k ekxkZoj tk.ks vkoMrs-

miHkksx o vkn’kZ ;k nks?kkae/;s larqyu lk/k.ks gsp /kekZps y{; vkgs o gkp foosd

cq)hpk ifj.kke vkgs- nqlÚ;k ‘kCnke/;s lkaxk;ps >kY;kl lnkpj.k o vkn’kZoknh

O;fDrRo gkp /kekZpk Ik;kZ; vkgs-

ekuoh thoukyk nsoksie cufo.;klkBh /keZ&iafMr o egku efu”kh yksdkauh

dkgh fl)kUr o n’kZu izfrikfnr dsys vkgsr- R;kauh euq”;kyk rs ekxZ lqpfoys vkgsr-

T;k}kjs rks Js”BrsdMs rhoz xrhus vxzslj gksÅ ‘kdsy- izR;sd lektkr v’kk O;Drh gksr

vkysY;k vkgsr- R;k lokZauh toGikl ,d lkj[;kp fl)karkuk fo’o lektkleksj

izLrqr dsys vkgs- ts dkgh FkksMs&Qkj osxGsi.k R;kr fnlwu ;srs rs QDr deZdk.MkP;k

ckcrhrp vkgs- gs deZdk.M lq)k fofHkUu ifjfLFkrh o lkekftd lajpusP;k vk/kkjsp

fuf’pr dj.;kr vkgs vkgsr- ijarq ;kekxhy lokZapk eq[; mÌs’; gk ,dp vkgs-

vkt ;k txkr eq[; /keZ fdaok er vFkok fopkj i)rh vdjk vkgsr- rs

;kizek.ks & tiku ;sFkhy f’kUrks er] phu ;sFkhy rkvks er] phu e/khyp dU¶;wf’k;l

er] fganqLFkkukrhy oSfnd er] ckS) er] tSu er] f’k[k er] ;gwnh er] bZlkbZ o

bLyke er- gs loZ er oLrqr% ,dkp /keZ&lans’kkyk osxosxGÓkk #ikus letkfo.;kpk

iz;Ru vkgs- gs loZ er vkgsr] /keZ uOgs] /keZ gk rj euq”;kP;k ekuorse/;s o R;kP;k

foosd’khyrs e/;s lekfo”V vkgs- /kekZpk okLrfod vFkZ vkgs & dÙkZO; fu”Bk] mR—“V

  200  

fparu o vkn’kZ dr`ZÙo- ;su&dsu&izdkjsu ;kp fl)kUrkph iq”Vh fofHkUu erkaP;k

ek/;ekus dj.;kr ;srs-

tkiku ;sFkhy f’karks erkuqlkj ikfo«; gk /kekZpk eq[; xq.k vkgs- R;kuqlkj

fu”diV o`Ùkh gs ikfo«;kps eq[; vax vkgs vkf.k bZ’ojkyk izkIr dj.;kpk jktekxZ

lq)k- ;k erkuqlkj fu/kkZfjr dsysY;k nSfud izkFkZusps Hkko ;kizek.ks vkgsr & ^^vkeP;k

MksGÓkkauh okbZV oLrq tjh c?khrY;k vlrhy rjh gs Hkxoark ! vkeP;k ân;kr vifo=

Hkkouspk mn; gksÅ u;s- vkeP;k dkukauh vifo= xks”Vh tjh ,sdY;k vlrhy rjh

vkeP;k fpÙkk e/;s vifo= fopkjkapk vuqHko vkEgkyk ;sÅ u;s-** f’karks laiznk;kus

vkiY;k iwtk&i)fre/;s lq/nk euksfuxzgklkBh /;ku o ikfo«;kdfjrk ea=ksPpkj

dj.;kpk vkxzg dsyk-

rkvks erkuqlkj bZ’ojkyk izkIr dj.;kdfjrk eukps ikfo«;] fou;] larks”k]

d#.kk] loZ izk.kh ek=ka fo”k;h n;k Hkko] [kjs Kku o vkRe la;e gs izeq[k ek/;e

vkgsr- ;k ek/;ekauk thoukr vk.k.;klkBh /;ku o izk.kk;ke ;k mi;ksxh izfØ;k R;kr

lkaxhrY;k vkgsr- rkvks erk e/;s tks lans’k loZ lkekU;kadfjrk izdV dj.;kr vkyk

vkgs] rks v’kk izdkjpk vkgs & ^^ekÖ;kdMs rhu oLrq vkgsr- ;kauk eh n`<i.ks

lkaHkkGrks o ;ke/;s pdkdh vk.krks] R;k rhu oLrq Eg.kts&lkSE;rk ¼n;kGw o`Ùkh½

ferO;;h vl.ks vkf.k uezi.kk-**

dU¶;wf’k;l ;kauk phu e/khy iz[;kr /keZ izpkjd o fl) iq#”k ekuY;k tkrs-

R;kauh vkiY;k n’kZuke/;s ekuoh thoukyk mR—“Vre cufo.;kpk fopkj lkaxhrysyk

vkgs- rs cgq/kk Eg.kr vlr & ^^tsOgk euq”;kph lsok d’kk izdkjs dsY;k tkoh] ;kps

Kku rqEgkyk ukgh- rsOgk nsokaP;k lsosfo”k;h rqEgh dls dka fopk# ‘kdrk \** laiw.kZ

ekuo ek=k lkBh R;kapk ,dek= lans’k gkp gksrk dh oS;fDrd mérh lk/kus Eg.kts

thoukps y{; ukgh] rs rj lkekftd mérhps ,d QG vkgs- rs Eg.krkr dh tsOgk

vkEgh ?kjkckgsj iMrks rsOgk izR;sdkalkscr v’kk izdkjs HksVkos] tlk dh rks vkepk

vfrFkhp vkgs] vkf.k gkp laiw.kZ /keZ vkgs- lnkpkjkfo”k;h fu”Bk o lkSan;kZ fo”k;h

vuqjkx gk vkeP;k ân;krwu vlk;yk gok] euq”;kps ân; gs ,[kk|k vkj’;kizek.ks

vlkos] T;koj loZ oLrqaps izfrfcEc rj iMrs ijarq R;k oLrqe/khy ?kk.k R;koj tek

gksr ukgh** gkp R;kapk eq[; mins’k gksrk-

osnkar n’kZukP;k fl)karkuqlkj laiw.kZ tx gs ewG #ikus ,dp vkgs- T;kyk ;k

,dRokps n’kZu ?kMrs] R;kP;k n`f”Ve/;s LokFkZ o ijekFkkZr dkghp Hksn jkgr ukgh- v’kk

  201  

fnO; n`”Vhpk ifj.kke gk txkrhy loZ Hkwr&izk.;kauk Lor%e/;s o Lor%yk lok±e/;s

c?k.;kpk #ikus R;kyk gksr vlrks- v’kk O;fDrP;k ân;krwu ^vkReor~ loZHkwrs”kq* o

^olq/kSo dqVqEcde~** pk varZukn xqaftr gksÅ ykxrks- rks O;”Vh dMwu le”Vh dMs

vxzslj gksrks vkf.k lokZP;k dY;k.kkr vkiys Lor%ps dY;k.k lq)k letw ykxrks-

rsOgkp rj oSfnd dkGkrhy _f”kauh mn~?kks”k dsyk gksrk &

losZ HkoUrq lqf[ku% losZ lUrq fujke;k%A

losZ Hkækf.k Ik’ÓkUrq ek df’pn~ nq%[k ekIuq;krA

Hkxoku cq)kauh Lor%P;k thoukps mnkgj.k leksj Bsohr yksdkauk ifo= o Js”B

thou tx.;kph izsj.kk fnyh gksrh- nq%[kkP;k fuo`ÙkhlkBh R;kauh r`”.kspk loZ#isu

ifjR;kx dj.;kpk lans’k fnyk gksrk- rs Eg.kr vlr- ^^Øks/kk lkj[kh vXuh ukgh] }s”kk

izek.ks xzg.k ukgh] eksgk lkj[ks tkGs ukgh vkf.k r`”.ks lkj[kh vxE; unh ukgh**-

Hkxoku cq) lnkpj.kkykp egRo nsr vlr- R;kauh EgVys lq)k vkgs dh] ^^dq.kh

O;Drh /keZxazFkkps fdrhgh iBu djhr vlsy ijarq tj Lor%P;k cslko/ki.kkeqGs rks

R;kuqlkj vkpj.k djhr ulsy] rj nqlÚ;kaP;k xkbZauk ekst.kkÚ;k xqjk[;kizek.ksp rks

JeuRokpk ¼czkEg.kRo½ ik= gksr ukgh-**

tSu erkuqlkj dks.kR;kgh dk;kZe/;s ;’k izkIrhlkBh rhu xks”Vhaph vko’;drk

vlrs & J)k] Kku o deZ- tSu ‘kkL=kae/;s ;kpkp lE;d n’kZu] lE;d Kku o

lE;d pkfj«;kP;k #ikus mYys[k dj.;kr vkyk vkgs-

xq#ukud nsokauh f’k[k /kekZP;k #ikus _”kh ijaijspkp ‘kqHkkjaHk dsyk gksrk vkf.k

xq# xksfoanflagkauh R;kykp izxfr’khy cufoys gksrs- rRdkyhu jk”Vªh; leL;sdMs c?kwu

xq# xksfoanflagkuh vkiY;k loZ f’k”;kauk jk”Vª o ekuorsdfjrk vkiyh vkgqrh] vkiys

cfynku ns.;kfo”k;h lkaxhrys gksrs- R;kp ijaijsyk Hkfo”;kr lq)k pkyw Bso.;klkBh

R;kauh izR;sd f’k[kkyk ^ekG o Hkkyk* lkscr Bso.;kpk vkf.k vuhrh’kh usgeh la?k”kZ

djhr jkg.;kpk lans’k fnyk gksrk-

ikjlh erkps izorZd tjFkzq”V gksrs- R;kauh izfrikfnr dsysY;k /keZfurhps eq[;

pj.k vkgsr&gqer vFkkZr mÙke fopkj] gq[r vFkkZr mÙke opu vkf.k gq’orZ vFkkZr

mÙke dk;Z- bZ’ojkP;k izrhd o izsjd #ikus R;kauh vXuhyk Lohdkjys vkf.k vXuh

izek.ksp iz[kj] izdk’koku] Å/oZxkeh o ijksidkjh o`Ùkhps cu.;kph lokZauk izsj.kk fnyh-

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;gqnh erkps ewG n’kZu gs bZ’ojkP;k ,dRok e/;s] R;kps ikfo«; o fujkdkfjrs

e/;s nMysys vkgs- txkrhy nksu eq[; er f[kz’pu o bLyke ;krwup fu?kkysys vkgsr-

f[kz’pu erkuqlkj izse gsp ijesÜoj vkgs- izse ghp iwtk vkgs] vkjk/kuk vkgs-

vkiY;k izkFkZuse/;s izR;sd f[kz’pu O;Drh Eg.kr vlrs & ^gs izHkks ! eyk [kjk ekxZ

nk[ko] ekÖ;k Lor%P;k Lo#ikpk cks/k eyk gksÅ ns vkf.k eyk lR; ekxkZoj pkyo-

ek>h eqDrh gh rqÖ;ke/;s lefiZr gks.;krp vkgs- ekÖ;k Kku p{kqauk m?kM] T;k}kjs eh

rqÖ;k izseiw.kZ o vk’p;Ztud —rhauk letw ‘kdsy-** f[kz’pu erkps ewyk/kkj gs Lor%

;s’kq f[kzLr vkgsr- R;kauh ekuorsP;k o vkn’kk±P;k j{k.kklkBh vkiys cfynku izLrqr

dsys gksrs-

bLyke erkps laLFkkid gtjr eqgEen ;kauh izR;sd eqlyekukyk lnkpkjh o

dÙkZO;ijk;.k cu.;kpk mins’k vk;q”;Hkj dsyk gksrk- ^^olq/kSo dqVqEcde~** izek.ksp

R;kauh ?kks”k.kk dsyh gksrh dh izR;sd euq”; gk vYykg pk dq.kck vkgs- rsOgkp rj rs

Eg.krkr dh] ^^;k ! vkEgh o rqEgh vls nks?ksgh feGwu R;k loZ xks”Vhapk esG d#u

?;kok] T;k vkeP;kr lkj[;kp vkgsr-

ojhy loZ rF;kaP;k vk/kkjs /kekZP;k ewG n’kZukeqGs dqBsp dkgh osxGsi.k fnlwu

;sr ukgh- vkt /kkfeZd ekU;rsP;k ukokus pky.kkjk la?k”kZ o vks<krk.khyk vKkutU;

—R;p EgVY;k tkÅ ‘kdrs- ;kyk ,d Qkj eksBs foMacup Eg.kk;yk gos dh yksda

Lor%P;k erkoj o /keZ izorZdkaoj Lrqrh lqeus rj m/kGrkr ijarq R;kaP;k n’kZukyk o

vkn’kkZyk vkiY;k thoukr Lohdkjhr ukghr- tj vkEgh vkiY;k fparukr mR—“Vrspk]

pkfj«;ke/;s vkn’kZoknkpk o O;ogkjke/;s ‘kkyhurspk leUo; dsyk] rj /kekZps rs

Lo#i vkEgkleksj izdV gksbZy] T;kr dqBsp dkgh Hksn fnl.kkj ukgh vkf.k loZ= ,dRo

izLFkkfir gksbZy- lo±= la?k”kkZps ukgh rj izse] lgdkj] mnkjrk o leiZ.kkpsp lkezkT;

izLFkkfir gksbZy-

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  203  

Lor%p s e wY;k adu l q)k djk

Lor%ps ewY;kadu dj.;klkBh izR;sd fo|kF;kZus fdaok ;qodkus Lor%yk [kkyhy

iz’u fopkjkos- R;kauh iz’ukaph mÙkjs fygwu ?;koh- R;koj okjaokj fopkj djkok vkf.k

T;k U;wurk Lor%e/;s fnlwu ;sr vlrhy R;kauk lq/kkj.;kpk lrr iz;Ru djkok-

1- osGs lkj[;k thoukrhy vewY; lainspk lnqi;ksx djrk dka \ gks @ ukgh

2- vkGl o cslko/ki.kke/;s osGsyk u”V djrk dka \ gks @ ukgh

3- vkiY;k vewY; osGsyk ‘kjhjkP;k ltkoVhe/;s u”V djrk dka \ gks @ ukgh

4- Lor%P;k y{; izkIrhdMs vkiys y{k vkgs dka \ gks @ ukgh

5- ;’kkps nksu lw= & n`< ladYi o dBksj ifjJekyk y{kkr Bsork dka\ gks @ ukgh

6- Lor%fo”k;h] dqVqac] lekt] ns’k] /keZ o laL—rh fo”k;h

vlysY;k vkiY;k drZO;kps ikyu djrk dka \ gks @ ukgh

7- Lor%ph fopkj/kkjk o thou O;ogkjkayk foosd cq)h uqlkj

Bjfork dka \ gks @ ukgh

8- Lor%e/khy ekufld fodkj o dqlaLdkjkaps ‘keu dj.;klkBh

Lor%’khp la?k”kZ djrk dka \ gks @ ukgh

9- dMos cksy] nqlÚ;kaps nks”k c?k.ks o v’kqHk dYiusyk lksMwu usgeh larq”V]

iz;Ru’khy o galreq[k jkgrk dka \ gks @ ukgh

10- ‘kjhj] oL=] ?kj o fofo/k oLrqauk LoPN o lqO;ofLFkr Bso.;kpk vH;kl

djrk dka \ gks @ ukgh

11- Jekyk nso letwu Jekiklwu d/kh nwj rj iGr ukgha uka \ gks @ ukgh

12- vkiyk vkgkj lkfRod iz/kku vlrks dka \

ekal] ekls] vaMh ;klkj[;k v[kk| inkFkk±ps lsou rj djhr ukgh uka\ gks @ ukgh

13- thHksps pkspys iqjfo.;kph lo; lksMhr vkgs uka \ gks @ ukgh

14- vkBoMÓkkrwu ,d fnol miokl Bsork dka \ gks @ ukgh

15- yodj >ksi.ks] yodj mB.ks o vko’;d czEgp;kZps ikyu djrk dka\ gks @ ukgh

16- bZ’ojkph mikluk] vkRefparu o Lok/;k;kyk vkiY;k fuR; Øeke/;s

LFkku nsrk dka \ gks @ ukgh

17- ukgd [kpZ dj.;kP;k lo;hyk lksMhr vkgkr uka \ gks @ ukgh

18- rackdw] nk#] pgk] dkWQh] tqxkj o tkLr Vh-oh- c?k.ks bR;knh nqO;Zlukauh

xzLr vkgkr dka \ gks @ ukgh

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19- fu;feri.ks vklu&izk.kk;kekpk vH;kl djrk dka \ gks @ ukgh

20- izfrHksP;k fodkl dj.;kps ts iz;ksx ^;’kLoh thoukpk jktekxZ* ;k

iqLrdkr fnysys vkgsr] R;kapk fu;feri.ks vH;kl djrk dka \ gks @ ukgh

21- ;k iqLrdkyk Lor% okpqu nqlÚ;kauk okp.;klkBh nsrk dka \ gks @ ukgh

22- iq<hy ikukaoj NkiysY;k ;qx fuekZ.k lRladYikps okpu] gGw&gGw o

fparu&euu djhr usgeh djrk dka \ gks @ ukgh

23- jkst Lok/;k;kdfjrk ^_f”k fparukP;k lkfUu/;kr* xazFkkrhy ,d i`”B

okprk dka \ gks @ ukgh

24- ;qx fuekZ.k lRladYikrhy lw=kP;k foLr`r O;k[;sdfjrk

^,dfolkO;k ‘krkCnhps lafo/kku* gs iqLrd okprk dka \ gks @ ukgh

vkepk ; qx fuek Z. k lRl adYi

1- vkEgh bZ’ojkyk loZO;kid o U;k;dkjh letwu R;kP;k vuq’kklukyk vkiY;k

thoukr mrjow-

2- ‘kjhjkyk Hkxoarkps eanhj letwu vkRela;e o fu;feri.kk}kjs vkjksX;kps j{k.k

d#-

3- eukyk okbZV fopkj o nqHkkZoukaiklqu okpowu Bso.;klkBh Lok/;k; o lRlaxkph

fu;feri.ks O;oLFkk d#-

4- bafæ;&la;e] vFkZ&la;e] fopkj&la;e o osGspk&la;e] ;kpk lrr vH;kl

d#-

5- Lor%yk lektkps ,d vfHkUu vax ekuw vkf.k lok±P;k dY;k.kke/;sp vkeps ghr

vkgs vls letw-

6- Ek;kZnkps ikyu d#- fuf”k) xks”Vhaiklwu nwj jkgw] ukxfjd drZO;kaps ikyu d# vkf.k

lektfu”B jkgw-

7- Lketwrnkji.kk] bZekunkjh] tckcnkjh o cgknqjhyk thoukps ,d vfHkUu vax ekuw-

8- pgqdMs ek/kq;Z] LoPNrk] lk/ksi.kk o lTtursps okrkoj.k fuekZ.k d#-

9- vuhrh}kjs feGkysY;k ;’kkis{kk uhrhP;k ekxkZoj pkywu feGkysY;k vi;’kkyk

vknjiwoZd Lohdkj d#-

10- euq”;kP;k ewY;kadukph dlksVh] R;kP;k ;’kkyk] ;ksX;rsyk o foHkwfryk ukgh rj

R;kP;k ln~fopkjkauk o lRdekZuk ekuw-

11- brjka’kh vlk O;ogkj dj.kkj ukgh] tks vkEgkyk Lor%lkBh vkoMr ukgh-

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12- L=h&iq#”kka fo”k;h ijLij ifo= n`”Vh Bsow-

13- ;k txkr lRizo`fÙkaP;k iq.; izlkjklkBh vkiyk osG] izHkko] Kku] iq#”kkFkZ o

iS’kkpk ,d va’k fu;feri.ks ykor jkgw-

14- ijaijsP;k rqyusr foosdkyk tkLr egRo nsÅ-

15- lTtukauk laxfBr dj.;kr] vuhrh’kh la?k”kZ dj.;kr o uol`tukP;k dk;ZØekae/;s

iw.kZ eukus y{k nsÅ-

16- jk”Vªh; ,drk o lersfo”k;h fu”Bkoku jkgw- tkrh] fyax] Hkk”kk] izkar] laiznk;

bR;knh& eqGs ijLijkae/;s dks.krkgh HksnHkko Bso.kkj ukgh-

17- euq”; vkiY;k HkkX;kpk fuekZrk Lor%p vkgs- ;k fo’oklkP;k vk/kkjs vkeph

ekU;rk vkgs dh vkEgh mR—“V cuw o brjkauk Js”B cuow] rsOgk gs ;qx uDdhp

cnysy-

18- ^^ge cnysaxs & ;qx cnysxk**] ^^ge lq/kjsaxs & ;qx lq/kjsxk** ;k okLrorsoj

vkepk n`< fo’okl vkgs-

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