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GK IN^NN PL\&�N GMNXN� YN6M P3SUM L]N)NIHG /GZ\NVD GV F3SNVD GV I\� �J QZMK UKX

IG\NVHK9M JNV[K$ /GZ\ GK L��NE= FKS HVD 1NV0�GM WNXV RN\V F3SNVD@ GNHGNWK F3SNVD YN6M

FNI\GNYNVD GV I\� IN^NN L]QNX GMXV GN R6GI<LG UMKGN YLXNXN JNV[N Y)NN=Ua YXN6LSNIMG

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HN��H OV �NVWXN YN�NV[ `NMN IG� [� HZ<�NDGXY���XNVD OV LUN S\UN J6 IG H��N�X

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Ñ[Ð H��N�X +NNVWX GN�=G]H GNV HT�U RQK=@ HT�U LN%a�LT/UGVD YN6M FO LNO YNIQ QVXV GV

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+NZIHGN GNV YN6M 7�NQN F��NXV GN L]�NO IG�N WN�[N$ LJ\V OV S\K YN MJK /GKHVD SN\Z

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L]NMDI+NG IN^NN �NVWXN GV �G +NN[ GV �L HVD IQ>NNE= WN�D[K$

��� IL1\V GT1 R�NNV� GV QN6MNX@ MN7� OMGNMNVD `NMN L]NMI(+NG IN^NN GV ^NV HVD F0�V L6HNXV LM

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OGNMN5HG GQH IO� JNV OGUV J6D$

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IG� [� HZ<�NDGX Y���X OV LUN S\N IG MN7� U)NN GV8Q]K� OMGNMVD@ QNVXNVD JK YNFDI9U MNIN

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MJN@ POHVD FJTU YI�NG PUNMS��NR YNUN MJN$ /)NNX GK GHK YN6M L]GNN GK YODUNV�NWXG

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Y��NLG GK 2�R/)NN GMXN )NN@ YF P3SUM L]N)NIHG IR_N\�NVD UG F��N QK [E= J6$ N6I^NG

YN�NNM+NZU �NDSV ÑY��NLXYI�N[H ONH[]KÐ GV IRGNO GV I\� ���� \N>N L]N)NIHG /GZ\NVD GNV

YN6M ���� \N>N P3SUM L]N)NIHG /GZ\NVD GNV �NXMNIN�ND QK [E= J6D$ R�N= ������ UG �G

Y��NLG RN\V L]N)NIHG /GZ\NVD GV I\� Y��NLGNVD GV \[+N[ ���� \N>N YIUIM'U LQ@ P3SUM

L]N)NIHG /UM LM YIUIM'U Y��NLGNVD GV ���� \N>N LQ YN6M UKOMV Y��NLG GV ���� \N>N

LQ HDWZM IG� [� J6D$ IG8UT �J �G IS8UN GN IR�N� J6 IG YXVG MN7� YNLMVNX &\6G FNV0=

GV Y8U[=U HDWZM IG� [� Y��NLGNVD GV YIUIM'U LQ FXNXV GV I\� EO NU= GK RWJ OV

YIX31TG J6D IG Y��NLGNVD GV RVUX GK YNRUK= QV�UN�D �NVWXN GV YDU LM MN7�NVD GNV Y8UIMU

GM QK WN�D[K$

��� Y��NLG IN^NN GNV LTX� ODMISU YN6M LTX[=I%U GMXV GK /GKH GN PtV� Y��NLG

L]IN^N�N GV OD/)NN[U YN�NNM GNV HWFZU GMXN@ IRIN�9 ^NV NVD HVD Y��NLGNVD GV L]IN^N�N GV I\�

IRNV�N GN�=G]H JN)N HVD \VXN YN6M Y��NLG L]IN^N�N GV Y8� [6MOD/)NN[U GN�=G]H S\NXN

)NN$ EO ^NV HVD P<\V>NXK� L][IU GK [E= J6 YN6M L]NMDI+NG /GZ\ GV Y��NLGNVD@ L]N6�� IN^NN U)NN

YXN6LSNIMG IN^NN O(F8�NK GNIH=GNVD GK OVRN OV LJ\V YN6M OVRN GV FKS L]IN^N�N QVXV GV I\�

��� IW\N IN^NN �RD L]IN^N�N OD/)NNX Ñ0K YNE= E= 9KÐ HDWZM IG� WN STGV J6D$ ��� HN��IHG

Y��NLG IN^NN OD/)NNXNVD GN QWN= F��NGM P8JVD OK 9K E=# YNE= � �O E= FXN�N WN STGN J6$

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EOGV Y\NRN@ �� �O OK E= YNM 9K OD/)NNXNVD GNV +NK OF\ FXN�N [�N J6$ EX OD/)NNYNVD XV

OVRN LZR= YN6M OVRNGN\KX Y��NLX GK IR�N�R/UT@ L]IG]�N YN6M L]FD�N HVD OT�NNM GMXV YN6M

Y��NLG IN^N�N GV LTX[=%X HVD OJN�UN QK J6$ L]N)NIHG Y��NLGNVD GV IRNV�N YI+NIR8�NO

GN�=G]H GV YDU[=U \[+N[ �� \N>N Y��NLGNVD GNV NNIH\ IG�N WN STGN J6$ [TWMNU U)NN

H�� L]QVN HVD L]N)NIHG /GZ\NVD GV Y��NLGNVD GV L]IN^N�N GV I\� QZM/)N IN^NN XKIU GN PL�NV[

GMXV GV I\� �G L]N�NVI[G /GKH L]NMD+N GK [E= J6$

��� IW\N L]N)NIHG IN^NN GN�=G]H@ IWOV IRR F6DG U)NN �ZMNVLK� OD"N OV OJN�UN IH\UK J6@

GN PtV� �Z LK E=# �Z E= E= ÑONR=I G L]NMDI+NG IN^NNÐ GV I\� M�NXKIU�ND GN�N=I8RU GMXN

J6$ EOGV I\� HIJ\NYNVD GK GH ON^NMUN RN\V IW\NVD HVD IW\N IRNV�N GV I\� �NVWXN U6�NM

GK WNUK J6 YN6M IW\NVD GV YXTONM Y\[ \^� IX�NN=IMU IG� WNUV J6D$ �UQ)N= LZ�N= ON^NMUN

YI+N�NX O4\UNLZR=G S\N� WNUV J6D IWXGV 4\/R�L L]NMDI+NG IN^NN GV ONIR=GKGM�N GV

I\� YXTGZ\ RNUNRM�N U6�NM JNVUN J6$ EO LIM�NVWXN GV I\� �� L]IUNU GK IXI�N GK

2�R/)NN GV8Q]K� FW9 GV HN��H OV FNJMK YI+NGM�NNVD `NMN GK WNUK J6 YN6M NV�N �� L]IUNU

�NXMNIN GK 2�R/)NN ODFDI�NU MN7� OMGNMNVD `NMN GK WNUK J6$ EO GN�=G]H GV OD"N9GNVD HVD

NNIH\ J6D� G^NN GV GHMNVD GN YN6M X� /GZ\NVD GN IXHN=�N GMXN� YXN6LSNIMG# R6GI<LG IN^NN

GV8Q] >NNV\XN� X� Y��NLGNVD GK IX�TI'U� 1NV9V F3SNVD GV I\� IN^NN GV8Q]NVD GK /)NNLXN� MN7�

/UMK� N6I^NG YXTOD�NNX �RD L]IN^N�N LIM�NQNVD# IW\N /UMK� N6I^NG L]IN^N�N OD/)NNXNVD GNV

HWFZU GMXN� >N�0 ODON�NX GV8Q]NVD# '\/9M ODON�NX GV8Q]NVD GK /)NNLXN� Y��NLG L]IN^N�N GV

YDU^NVLK� GN�=G\NL@ IN^N�NYI�N[H ONH[]K GN IRGNO@ YXTO8�NNX YN6M FNI\GNYNVD@ YXTOZISU

WNIU�NVD# YXTOZISU WXWNIU�NVD YNIQ GK IN^NN LM F\ QVXN$ IRG\ND[ F3SNVD GNV �GKGCU

IN^NN QVXV YN6M Y��NLG L]IN^N�N GV I\� QZMRUK= IN^NN QVXV GN �G X�N GN�=G]H +NK IW\N

L]N)NIHG IN^NN GN�=G]H Ñ0K LK E= LK /GKHÐ HVD NNIH\ IG�N [�N J6$ EO OH� �J /GKH ��

MN7�NVD GV ��� GH HIJ\N ON^NMUN RN\V IW\NVD HVD GN�N=I8RU GK WN MJK J6$ P¿NM L]QVN GV

Y8� ���� IW\NVD@ MNW/)NNX HVD �� IW\NVD@ P0�KON GV � IW\NVD YN6M LISH FD[N\ GV � IW\NVD

UG EO LIM�NVWXN GN IR/UNM NK"N] JK IG�N WNXV RN\N J6$

��� FTIX�NQK IN^NN GV I\� FNJMK OJN�UN OV S\ MJK LIM�NVWXNYNVD HVD OV QNV LIM�NVWXN�D

J6D� MNW/)NNX IN^NN GHK= YN6M \NVG WTI(FN LIM�NVWXN$ �V QNVXNVD XE= LIM�NVWXN�D MNW/)NNX HVD

S\ MJK J6D YN6M EXGN PtV� L]N)NIHG �L OV HIJ\NYNVD LM ��NX GVI8Q]U GMUV JT� QZM/)N

YN6M ONHNIWG �L OV IL10�V [NDRNVD HVD [T�NN5HG OT�NNM GV ON)N ON)N L]NMDI+NG IN^NN GN

ONIR=GKGM�N GMXN J6$ �V LIM�NVWXN�D L]NMI(+NG ONIR=GKGM�N GV HN[= HVD YNXV RN\K GT1 F0�K

FN�NNYNVD OV IXL9XV GN L]�NO GMUK J6D$ �V FN�NN�D J6D� Y��NLGNVD GK YXTLI/)NIU@ GNHGNWK

F3SV@ FKS HVD L��NE= 1NV0�XV RN\NVD GK cDSK QM@ XKMO IN^N�N IRI�N�ND@ ODQ+N=[U YI�N[H ONH[]K

GN Y+NNR@ Y��NLGNVD GK IX(X L]VMG NI'U �RD ^NHUN@ �G GV8Q]KGCU YN6M \NVSQNM L�IU#

QCI�9GNV�N YNIQ$ EX LIM�NVWXNYNVD GV ONHTQNI�G OJ+NNI[UN LM IRNV�N ��NX IQ�N WNUN J6$

\NVG WTI(FN LIM�NVWXN IN^NN GV IRGV8Q]KGM�N GNV XKSV &\NG# >N�0 /UM UG \V WNUK J6

YN6M YI+N+NNRGNVD GNV ON)N \VXV GV I\� HNEG]NV YN�NVWX YN6M /GZ\ HNXIS �N UGXKGNVD GN

E/UVHN\ GMUK J6D UNIG �J OTIXISU JNV OGV IG F3SV /GZ\ WNUV J6D$

��� IRNV�N �L OV I\D[# HIJ\NYNVD LM ��NX GVI8Q]U GMUV JT�@ FNJMK OJN�UN OV S\ MJN

�G Y8� GN�=G]H J6� HIJ\N OHN>�N@ IWOGN PtV� � MN7�NVD HVD HIJ\NYNVD GNV YI�NGNM

O(L8X GMGV PXGK IN^NN GNV F��NRN QVXN J6$ �J GN�=G]H P¿NM L]QVN@ YN8�N] L]QVN@ GXN=9G@

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[TWMNU YN6M GVM\ MN7�NVD GV �� IW\NVD HVD I/)NU ���� [NDRNVD HVD 46\N JTYN J6$ HIJ\N OHN>�N

XV 1NV9V F3SNVD GK QV>N+NN\@ L]N6�� IN^NN@ YXN6LSNIMG IN^NN YN6M IN^NN OJN�G OTIR�NNYNVD GV ^NV

HVD GE= LIM�NVWXN�D L]NMD+N GK J6D IWXGN L]FD�N /R�D HIJ\NYNVD `NMN JK IG�N WNUN J6$ EO

GN�=G]H XV IRI+N8X IRGNO /GKHNVD GV PISU GN�=SN\X GNV OTIXISU GMXV HVD +NK �G YIU

OIG]� +NZIHGN IX+NNE= J6$ EO GN�=G]H GV YDU[=U /)NNILU IG� [� HIJ\N IN^N�N GV8Q]NVD HVD

�H �O GVРIXM^NM HIJ\N�D YN6M IGNNVM FNI\GN�D@ WNV IGOK YN6LSNIMG /GZ\ HVD G+NK +NUK=

XJKD JTE= J6D �N FKS HVD L��NE= 1NV0� STGK J6D@ YI+NXR GN�=IRI�N�NVD U)NN GN6N\ IRGNO GN�=G]HNVD

GK OJN�UN OV@ IRNV�N �L OV IXIH=U O"NX [T�NR¿NNLZ�N= N6I^NG LN%a�G]HNVD `NMN IN^NN L]N,U GM

MJK J6D$ GE= MN7�NVD HVD@ HIJ\N OHN>�N GV YDU[=U []NH /UM LM /)NNILU HIJ\N OD"N []NH /UM

LM �VOV HDSNVD GV �L HVD P+NM YN� J6D WJND HIJ\N�D U)NN Y8� R[= LDS 46O\V GV I\� YLXK

OH/�N�D L]/UTU GMUV J6D$

��� R�N= �������� GK YRI�N HVD 2�� HVD I[MNR9 LNE= [E= J6$ �� GMNV0� �L� GV LIM2��

GK UT\XN HVD �� WZX ���� UG GVR\ ���� GMNV0� �L� JK >NS= IG�N [�N )NN$ /GKH GV

I\� XN6RKD �NVWXN HVD �� GMNV0� �L� JK >NS= IG�N [�N )NN$ /GKH GV I\� XN6RKD �NVWXN HVD

�� GMNV0� �L� GN YNFD9X IG�V [�V )NV$ /GKH GV YDU[=U S\ MJV GN�=G\NLNVD GN YI�NG

WNVMQNM UMKGV OV LIMRK^N�N ÑHNXK9IMD[Ð GMXV GK YNR�GUN J6$

L]N6�� ON^NMUN

��� MN�9�K� ON^NMUN IHNX �X �\ �HРOXa ���� HVD /)NNILU IG�N [�N )NN$ UF POGN

\^� ���� YN�TR[= GV �� GMNV0� \NV[NVD GNV SM�NF� UMKGV OV ON^NM FXNXN )NN$ EOGV

`NMN IXM^NMUN P8HZ\X GV I\� ODSNI\U IRNV�N LIM�NVWXNYNVD GN ONHN8� �L OV LZ�N= ON^NMUN

YI+N�NX Ñ9K �\ OKÐ YN6M ON^NMUNV¿NM YI+N�NX ÑLK �\ OKÐ GJN WNUN J6$ EX YI+N�NXNVD GV

HN��H OV IHNX ����� GMNV0� \NV[NVD GNV ON^NM FXN STGN J6@ IWXHVD OV �� L]IUNU HIJ\N�D ��

L]IUNU YXTOZISU WNIU YN6M �� L]IUNU YXTOZISU WXWNIU GV \NV[ J6D$ YF UG ON^NMUN

YI+N�NXNVD GV YDU[=U ��� IW\V \N� WN STGV J6D IWXHVD OV ��� IW\V LZ�N= ON^NMUN YI+N�NX GV

YDU[=U YN6M ��� ON^NMUNV¿NM YI+N�NX GV YDU[=U@ �� []NHK�N GNH S\Nc ON^NMUN GN�=G]H GV

YDU[=U YN6M �� IW\V OUU IN^NN GN�=G]H GV YDU[=U \N� [� J6D$ GH ON^NMUN RN\V MN7�NVD HVD

9K �\ OK YN6M LK �\ OK GN�=G]HNVD GV ONHXV GT1 GI%XNE�ND YN MJK J6D@ IWXGN GNM�N J6

/R6I31G OD[%XNVD GN Y+NNR YN6M Y8� ONHNIWGOND/GCIUG FN�NN�D$ EO IR�N� HVD WN[�GUN

F�� MJK J6 IG OUU IN^NN GN�=G]H GNV [T�NN5HG �L OV P8XU FXNXV GK YNR�GUN J6 UNIG

�J OTOD[U ODQ+NN=5HG YN6M /RKGN�= FX OGV$ EO IR�N� HVD QVN GV GE= +NN[NVD HVD ON)N=G

L]�NO IQ>NNE= QV MJV J6D$

��� L]N)NIHG IN^NN@ YXN6LSNIMG IN^NN YN6M L]N6�� IN^NN GV ^NV HVD IG� [� O"NX �RD

OI(HI\U L]�NONVD GV 4\/R�L@ JHNMV QVN HVD IR_HNX ON^NMUN QMNVD HVD P<\V>NXK� RCI� JTE= J6$

MN�9�K� L]IUQN= ORV=^N�N OD;N%X �X �O �O YNVРXV JN\ JK HVD �VOV YNDG0�V EGsV IG� J6D

IWXOV ON^NMUN L]IUNU HVD JTE= L�N=,U RCI� GN LUN S\UN J6$

��� +NNMU GK ON^NMUN QM ���� HVD ���� L]IUNU )NK$ �X �O �O YNV GV YXTONM@ IQO(FM

���� GV YDU HVD �J QM �� L]IUNU )NK$

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��� LT��NNVD GK ON^NMUN QM ���� GV �� L]IUNU GV HTGNF\V ���� HVD �� L]IUNU JNV [E=

YN6M EOK YRI�N HVD HIJ\N ON^NMUN QM ���� L]IUNU OV F��GM �� L]IUNU JNV [E=$ �J WNX

\VXN P5ONJR�=G JNV[N IG LT��NNVD GK ON^NMUN HVD ������ GV FKS � L]IUNU GK RCI� JTE= J6

WFIG HIJ\N ON^NMUN QM �� L]IUNU F��K J6$

��� I4M +NK +NNMU �G �VON QVN J6 WJND IXM^NMNVD GK OFOV F0�K 4N6W J6$ PXGK OD>�N

YNW IRR GV IXM^NMNVD GK ODLZ�N= WXOD>�N GK �GIUJNE= GV FMNFM J6$ EO HNH\V HVD LT��NNVD

U)NN HIJ\NYNVD GV FKS GN4K IR�NHUN�D HNXK WNUK J6D YN6M Y8UM MN7� U)NN MN7�N8UM

ON^NMUN QMNVD HVD FJTU YI�NG Y8UM LN�N WNUN J6 WNV IS8UN GN IR�N� J6$

��� MN�9�K� ON^NMUN IHNX GV YDU[=U YNXV RN\K /GKHNVD# GN�=G]HNVD GNV YN6M YN[V OTQC��

FXNXV GV I\� XN6RKD LDSR�NK=� �NVWXN GV NV�N R�NNV� HVD YXVG X� GN�=G]H L]NM(+N GMXV GN

L]/UNR J6$ �V J6D�

ON^NMUN YI+N�NX �RD YN:LMVNX MV/9NVMVNX

��� EO /GKH GV YDU[=U@ ON^NMUN GV L]IU �G �GKGCU QCI�9GNV�N YLXN�N WN�[N$

�GKGCU L]/UNR HVD YXVG ON^NMUN YI+N�NXNVD GV GN�=G\NLNVD GNV L]+NNRK �L OV �G ON^NMUN

LIM�NVWXN GV YDU[=U \NXV GN L]�NO IG�N WN�[N UNIG PXHVD IXMDUMUN@ GN�=GTN\UN YN6M

�GIF8QTUN FXK MJV YN6M QNVXNVD YI+N�NXNVD GV FKS YXNR�G OH�N8UMN\ "N9NGM GH OV GH

IG�N WN OGV$

��� ON^NMUN YI+N�NXNVD GK RU=HNX IXI�NLNV�N�N 2�R/)NN YN[V +NK WNMK MJV[K$ ONHN8� IW\NVD

GV I\� GV8Q] U)NN MN7� OMGNM GV FKS IXI�N LNV�N�N YXTLNU ��� J6 YN6M WXWNUK�

PL�NVWXN GV YDU[=U YNXV RN\V IW\NVD HVD �J YXTLNU ��� J6$ 9K �\ OK �NXK LZ�N= ON^NMUN

YI+N�NX GV I\� L]IU IN^NN)NK= \N[U �� �L� OV ��� �L� UG L]IUR�N= M>NK [E= J6 YN6M �G

LK �\ OK �NXK ON^NMUNV¿NM YI+N�NX GV I\� �� �L� OV ��� �L� L]IUR�N= M>NK [E= J6$ �J

+NK L]/UNR J6 IG ON^NMUNV¿NM SM�N GV QN6MNX GN�N=8R�X GMXV RN\V YI+NGM�NNVD GNV FTIX�NQK

ON^NMUN ODFD�NK GN�=G\NLNVD LM >NS= GMXV GK YXTHIU QK WN�$ U)NNIL@ FTIX�NQK ON^NMUN LM

2�� L]IU IN^NN)NK= �� �L� OV ��� �L� UG GK \N[U GV YXTONM@ ON^NMUNV¿NM SM�N GV I\�

YXTHNVIQU OH[] FW9 HVD OV JK LZMN IG�N WN�$

��� []NHK�N GN�N=5HG ON^NMUN LIM�NVWXN GK /GKH GNV ON^NMUN YI+N�NXNVD YN6M YN:LMVNX

MV/9NVMVNX GV ON)N IH\N IQ�N [�N J6$ �J /GKH HN6WZQN L]NS\NVD GV YXTONM IW\N ON^NMUN

OIHIU�NVD `NMN GN�N=I8RU GK WN�[K$ UQXTONM L]VMGNVD GNV LNIM-IHG IQ�N WN�[N YN6M RV �G

IW\V HVD IW\N ON^NMUN OIHIU GV YDU[=U []NHK�N GN�N=5HG ON^NMUN LIM�NVWXN ÑYNM �4 �\

LKÐ S\N�D[V$

OUU IN^NN GK /GKH �

��ÑGÐ �J /GKH L]5�VG IW\V HVD G\'9M GK Y��^NUN HVD IW\N ON^NMUN OIHIU `NMN

GN�N=I8RU GK WNUK MJV[K$ \VIGX PX MN7�NVD HVD WJND �G OND[NVLND[ LDSN�UK MNW L]�NN\K

/)NNILU GK WN STGK J6@ PL�T'U OH!V WNXV LM@ GNVE= \NVGUNDI G MKIU OV IXRN=ISU IW\N

LIM�NQ GN Y��^N ÑSV�MH6XÐ +NK IW\N ON^NMUN OIHIU GN L]HT>N FX OGUN J6$ IW\N ON^NMUN

OIHIU OK E= OK# XN:0\ OK E= OK GN GN�=+NNM OD+NN\XV GV I\� RK �@ HIJ\N HD0\@

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LDSN�UK MNW OD/)NN�D@ �X RNE= GV ÑXVJ� �TRN GV8Q]Ð YNIQ GNV IX�NN=IMU GM OGUK J6$ \VIGX

IW\N ON^NMUN OIHIU GK EX YI+NGM�NVD `NMN GN�=G]H GV GN�N=8R�X GV OH8R�@ LIMRK^N�N

�RD L�=RV^N�N GV I\� IW(HVQNM JNV[K$ GN�=G]H GV LIMRK^N�N ÑHNXK9IMD[Ð GV I\� L]5�VG IW\N

ON^NMUN OIHIU GNV �G G(,�Z9M L]�NN\K QK WN�[K$

L]N6�� IN^NN GV ^NV HVD [6MOMGNMK OD[%XNVD GNV OJN�UNOH)N=X

��� ODON�NX GV8Q]NVD OV I+N8X [6M OMGNMK OD[%XNVD GNV YXTQNX IQ� WNXV GN GN�=

IRGV8Q]KGCU IG�N WN�[N$ �G IR¿NK� R�N= HVD IQ� WNXV RN\V O(LZ�N= YXTQNX HVD OV �� L]IUNU

YXTQNX MN7� ON^NMUN IHNX L]NI�NGNIM�NVD GV HN��H OV YN6M NV�N MN�9�K� ON^NMUN IHNX `NMN

IQ�N WN�[N$ YI+NXR LIM�NVWXNYNVD YN6M YI>N\ +NNMUK� /UM GV [6M OMGNMK OD[%XNVD OV

O(FI8�NU LIM�NVWXNYNVD LM MN�9�K� /UM LM /)NNILU OJN�UNYXTQNX OIHIU `NMN IRSNM IG�N

WN�[N$ QVN GV O+NK +NN[NVD HVD S\ MJV YI+NXR GN�=G]HNVD GV YIUIM'U@ OUU IN^NN GN�=G]H GNV

JN)N HVD \VXV GV I\� [6M OMGNMK OD[%XNVD GNV OJN�UN QK WN�[K$

��� HN6WZQN �O YNM OK �NXK MN7� ODON�NX GV8Q]NVD GNV OF\ FXN�N WN�[N YN6M PXGV

RNI�N=G YXTM^N�N YXTQNXNVD GNV OHTISU �L OV F��N�N WN�[N$ YXTM^N�N YXTQNX GK HN N GNV

U� GMXV GV I\� ODON�NX GV8Q]NVD GK -VI�N�NVD GK OD>�N GNV UKX OV "N9NGM QNV GM IQ�N

WN�[N$ IW\N ODON�NX �GG Ñ0K YNM �ZÐ WNV YF UG /RUD �L OV GN�= GM MJV )NV@ MN7�

ODON�NX GV8Q]NVD HVD NNIH\ GM IQ� WN�D[V$

WX IN^N�N OD/)NNX ¿WV �O �O¾ �

��� -IHG IR_NLK% �O RK LKРGK /GKH GNV X� XNH �NXK WX IN^N�N OD/)NNX GV XNH

OV WNMK M>NXV GN L]/UNR J6$ �J /GKH L]HT>N �L OV NJMK U)NN YN6_NVI[G E\NGNVD HVD

GN�N=I8RU GK WN MJN YXN6LSNIMG@ L]N6�� YN6M OUU IN^NN GN �G �I��HT'U GN�=G]H J6$ /GKH

GN HZ\ PtV� GNH[NMNVD GV 2�NRONI�G GN6N\ YN6M UGXKGK .NX HVD@ PXGK GN�=GTN\UN

U)NN P5LNQG ^NHUN F��NXV GV I\�@ OT�NNM GMXN J6$

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FTIX�NQK IN^NN GK L]IG]�N HVD +NN[KQNM FXVD$ JN\NDIG EX R�NNV� HVD L]�NN\K GN Y5�I�NG IR/UNM

JNV STGN J6@ I4M +NK GT1 /)N\@ R[= YF +NK ISGXV "N0�V FXV JT� J6D IG PX LM GNVE= YOM XJKD

JNV MJN J6 IWOGK RWJ OV I+N8XI+N8X +NN6[NVI\G ^NV NVD YN6M ONHNIWG OHZJNVD GV FKS IR�NHUN�D

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ORV=^N�N HVD PL\&�N YXI8UH YNDG0�NVD OV �J LUN S\UN J6 IG R�N= ����� OV ���� GK YRI�N HVD

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L]IUNU GK RCI� JTE= J6 WFIG L]N)NIHG /UM LM �� L]IUNU YN6M P3SUM L]N)NIHG /UM LM

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GMXN� IR�NHUNYNVD GNV GH GMXN� IN^NN GV 2�RON�KGM�N YN6M MNVW[NMNV8HT>N LN%a�G]HNVD LM WNVM

QVUV JT� LN%a�S�N=YNVD GN XRKGM�N� >NT\K YI�N[H L]�NN\K GN IR/UNM YN6M IRIR�NKGM�N�

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IG RJ UVWK OV P+NMUK JTE= W�MUNVD GN HTGNF\N GMXV GV I\� LN%a�S�N=YNVD GV YN�NTIXGKGM�N

U)NN LN%a�LT/UGNVD GV /UM GNV F��NXV GV GN�= HVD HN[=QN=X QV[K$ I+N8X I+N8X HDSNVD OV L]N,U

IRSNMNVD �RD HUNVD GN IRNQKGM�N GMUV JT� �G SSN=L]\V>N L]SNIMU IG�N WN MJN J6$ �NLN\

OIHIU GV N&QNVD HVD YFNV�N GV +NNM GNV 1N NVD U)NN IN^NGNVD HVD GH GMXV GV I\� IN^NN

NN/ K� XKIU�NVD HVD LIMRU=X GMXN YNR�G J6 YN6M EOGV I\� IN^NNIRQNVD GNV +NNMK L]�NO

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2�RON�KGM�N GK [IU GNV +NK UVW GMXV GK W�MU J6$ JHNMK OHC� OND/GCIUG LM(LMN LM

YN�NNIMU IN^NN GNV YN6M WKRX HZ<�NVD GNV Y^NT��N FXN� M>NXN JNV[N YN6M YI�NG NI'U �RD

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GMXV GV I\� YXVG GN�=G\NL S\N MJK J6$ OIHIU GV ONHXV +NK FMNFM �JK OH/�N MJK J6

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ON�NX WT9NXN YN6M IRRIR_N\�NVD U)NN GN\VWNVD GV NNOX OV ODFDI�NU HTtNVD LM YI�NG ��NX QVXN

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MN�9�K� IN^NN LMK^N�N ¿XV9¾

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WK OK XV MN7� OMGNMNVD GNV +NK �VOK LMK^NN�D ODSNI\U GMXV GK YXTHIU QV M>NK J6 YN6M MN7�

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YXTOD�NNX YN6M IN^N�N GK ^NHUN J6$ YF UG �Z WK OK `NMN ��� GN\VWNVD GNV /RN�¿NUN GN

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UGXKGK U)NN L]FD�N OD/)NNYNVVD GN XV9RG= U6�NM IG�N WN�[N$ EOGV 4\/R�L IR.NX U)NN

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WN�D[V$ EO L]GNM IRSNMNVD U)NN YXT+NRNVD GV YNQNXL]QNX OV YN5HIX+N=MUN L]N,U GMXV GK IQNN

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P5GC�9UN GV GV8Q] GV �L HVD IRGIOU GMXV GN GN�= +NK Y5�8U HJ¿RLZ�N= J6$ IRR F6DG

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IN^NN L]�NN\K GV OH[] IRGNO GV 4\/R�L LNV\K9VI'XG OD/)NN�D HNXR ODON�NX IRGNO GV

GN�=G\NLNVD HVD F��K JTE= ^NHUN@ [T�NR¿NN YN6M GN�=GTN\UN GN �NV[QNX GMXV HVD OH)N= JNVD[K$

PL�T'U L]N6_NVI[IG�NVD GV YDUM�N `NMN []NHK�N IRGNO ONHTQNI�G LN:I\9VI'XGNVD ÑOK LKÐ GK

�NVWXN GV HN��H OV IG�N WNUN MJV[N$ XN6RKD LDSR�NK=� �NVWXN GK YRI�N HVD O¿NNRX XE=

L]NVI\9VI'XG OD/)NN�D /)NNILU GK [E= J6D$ ��� \N>N IRG\ND[ 2�I'U�NVD GNV OJN�UN QVXV GV

I\�@ LNVI\9VI'XG HVD UGXKGK IN^NN QVXV GV I\� GQH P%N� [� J6D$ NNMKIMG �L OV

IRG\ND[ ÑYI/)N IRG\ND[@ YNDING �L OV HZG �RD FI�NMÐ \NV[NVD GNV HT>��NNMN HVD \NXV GV I\�

\[+N[ �� STXK JTE= LNVI\9VI'XG OD/)NNYNVD GNV P8XU IG�N WN MJN J6$ �J �G P<\V>NXK�

GQH J6$

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RCI� OD+NR JNV[K$ HIJ\NYNVD GNV ON'U FXNXV YN6M UGXKGK IN^NN L]�NN\K HVD PXGK OJ+NNI[UN

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PL�T'U YN�NNM GV IXHN=�N GV HN��H OV UGXKGK IN^NN L]�NN\K GK [T�NR¿NN U)NN GN�=GTN\UN

GV OH[] OT�NNM GN GN�= WNMK M>NN WN�[N$

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L]IN^N�N@ YXTOD�NNX@ LMNHN= YN6M 2�NRONI�G IRGNO GV I\� OTIR�NN�D L]QNX GMV[N$ �G Y8�

OZSXN L]N6_NVI[GK OD/)NNX@ E\NJFNQ HVD /)NNILU IG�N [�N J6$ +NNMUK� L]FD�N OD/)NNX ÑYNE=

YNE= �HРWNV +NNMU OMGNM `NMN ���� HVD E8QN6M HVD /)NNILU IG�N [�N )NN@ XV �� WZX@ ����

GNV YLXN LJ\N IN^NN O L]NMD+N GM IQ�N )NN YN6M +NNMUK� L]FD�N OD/)NNX@ GN\KG9 XV YLXN

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YXTOD�NNX GN�=G]HNVD LM YI�NG ��NX IQ�N WN MJN J6$ EOGV 4\/R�L@ +NIR�� HVD YLVI^NU

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GMXV GN QNI�5R# GN�= IN^NN IR+NN[ GN J6$ UXQTXONM@ OZSXN L]N6_NVI[GK YN6M ON�9RV�M

IRGNO O(F8�NK GN�=�NVWXN LM YXTRUK= GNM=RNE= GMXV GV I\� �G Y8UMHD N\� OIHIU

[I%U GK [E= J6$ ODNNVI�NU '\NO /GKH OIJU MN�9�K� GN�=Q\ GK IO4NIMNNVD GNV GN�N=I8RU

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OMNVGNM# IS8UXK� IR�N�

��� OD/)NNYNVD GK F��K JTE= OD>�N YN6M NNIH\ IG� [� X� LN%a�G]HNVD GNV QV>NUV JT�@ �_IL

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J6 WNV GT\ IH\NGM GN�=GTN\UN GNV GHWNVM FXNUK J6D$ �V OH/�N�D J6D�

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GN�=G]HNVD GN Y+NNR@ YN6M IRNV�N �L OV OZSXN L]N6_NVI[GK U)NN ON�9RV�M GV P+NMUV

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• LNVI\9VI'XG OD/)NNYNVD HVD IRR F6DG OV L]N,U OJN�UN OV GK [E= L][IU U)NN UVWK

GNV FXN� M>NXV GV I\� L�N=,U 2�R/)NN GN Y+NNR$

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OD/)NNYNVD `NMN �GQZOMV OV Y\[)N\[ �L OV GNH GMXN$

• YXVG Y8� MN7�NVD `NMN XE= YNE= YNE= 9K GK HND[$

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EOGV I\� +NIR�� HVD EO IN^NN GNV IRNV�N �L OV []NHK�N +NNMU GK W�MUNVD YN6M OZSXN

L]N6_NVI[GK U)NN ON�9RV�M IRGNO W6OK P+NMUK JTE= L]N6_NVI[IG�NVD GK YNR�GUNYNVD GV YXTONM

�N\XN JNV[N$ JN\NDIG IL1\V QNG HVD F0�K OD>�N HVD IXWK OD/)NN�D P+NM YNE= J6D@ \VIGX PXHVD

IN^NGNVD U)NN L�N=,U HN N HVD PL/GMNVD GK GHK J6$ YNR�GUN EO FNU GK J6 IG P3SNGND^NK

XR�TRGNVD GNV JHNMK YLXK OD/)NNYNVD HVD L]INI^NU IG�N WN� YN6M I4M O(HNXWXG LNIM-IHG

GV ON)N P8JVD STXN6UK +NMV GN�= GV YROM L]QNX IG� WN�D UNIG OTL]INI^NU IN^NG PL\&�N JNVD

YN6M L]IU+NNL\N�X GK OH/�N GNV GH IG�N WN OGV$ IRR F6DG GK OJN�UN OV IXIH=U

[IU GNV YN[V FXN� M>NXV GV I\� MN7�NVD GNV L�N=,U IR¿NK� L]NR�NNX GMXV JNVD[V$ L]N6_NVI[GK

IRGNO IHNXNVD XV OD/)NNYNVD YN6M P_NV[NVD GV FKS O4\UNLZR=G ODFD�N /)NNILU GM IQ� J6D IW8JVD

XN6RKD �NVWXN HVD YN6M YN[V F��NXV YN6M HWFZU GMXV GK YNR�GUN J6$ YN%RKD �NVWXN HVD

L]N6_NVI[GK IRGNO IHNXNVD `NMN P5L8X GK [E= [IU GNV EX IHNXNVD GV QZOMV SM�N GV �L HVD

YN[V WNMK M>NXN JNV[N$ OD/)NNYNVD GNV �J O\NJ QVXK JNV[K IG RV LMNHN= OVRNYNVD U)NN

ODIRQN[U YXTOD�NNX GN�=G]HNVD GV WIM� L�N=,U HN N HVD �NXMNIN L6QN GMVD$ L]5�NINU YN6M

�N6I[G ODRCI� GNV QV>NUV JT�@ LNVI\9VI'XG OD/)NNYNVD GV HN��H OV H��RUK= /UM GV UGXKGK

GNIH=GNVD GV L]IN^N�N GV L]�NONVD GNV O4\ FXNXV LM WNVM IQ�N WNXN SNIJ�$ SZDIG +NNMU W6OK

Y)N=2�R/)NN GV I\� HDJ[V ODON�NXNVD GN +NNM RJX GMXN OD+NR XJKD J6@ EOI\� OD/)NNYNVD GV

XV9RG= YN6M ODON�NXNVD HVD IJ/ON FD9NXN JK �GHN PLN� J6$ IRR+NM OV HN8�UNL]N,U#

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EDWKIX�IMD[ GN\VWNVD YN6M Y8� EDWKIX�IMD[ GN\VWNVD# OD/)NNYNVD GK YNVM JN)N F��N�D UNIG

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OFGV OI(HI\U L]�5XNVD OV ONHN8U�N Y��NLX# YI�N[H L]IG]�N�D HWFZU JNV OGVD YN6M IRNV�NU�

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GN LZRN=XTHNX YNW GK �G Y8� YNR�GUN J6 UNIG YNW UGXKGK IN^NN HVD IG� WNXV RN\V

IXRVN G\ GK UGXKGK 2�NRONI�GNVD GK W�MUNVD GV YXTONM JNVD$ YNE= YNE= 9K HVD OK9NVD GK

OD>�N F��NXV GK W�MU J6@ EOGV I\� GT1 ^NV K� EDWKIX�IMD[ GN\VWNVD GNV YNE= YNE= 9K HVD

FQ\N WN OGUN J6 UNIG +NIR�� HVD P3S [T�NR¿NN RN\K UGXKGK WXNI'U GK HND[ GNV LZMN

IG�N WN OGV$ GT1 IRRIR_N\�NVD HVD EDWKIX�IMD[ U)NN L]N6_NVI[GK GV IR+NN[NVD GN QWN= F��NGM

P8JVD EDWKIX�IMD[ �RD L]N6_NVI[GK GV P3S GV8Q] FXN�N WN OGUN J6$ ONHTQNI�G LNVI\9VI'XGNVD

GNV �VOV QZMRUK= []NHK�N E\NGNVD HVD \V WNXV GK W�MU J6 WJND [MKFK GK MV>NN OV XKSV

WKRX�NLX GMXV RN\NVD GN WHNR J6$ �J +NK HJ¿RLZ�N= J6 IG WKRX /UM GNV U)NN O4NE= GK

QNN GNV OT�NNMXV GV PtV� OV@ []NHK�N W�MUNVD GNV LZMN GMXV GV I\� L]N6_NVI[GK GV Y8UM�N GV

L]�NONVD GNV /N"NX FX�N WN�$

MN7�NVD GV LIMQC� OV

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GK J6$ YXVG MN7�NVD# OD"N MN7� ^NV NVD XV IOIR\ IXHN=�N GN�= GV ^NV HVD YLXV L]�5X WNMK M>NV

J6D$ IJHNS\ L]QVN@ IFJNM@ P¿NM L]QVN@ YN8�N] L]QVN@ H�� L]QVN YNIQ XV EO IQNN HVD GQH

P%N� J6D$

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��� EO LIM�NVWXN GV YDU[=U@ IQ<\K@ HTDFE=@ >N0�[LTM@ GNXLTM YN6M SV8XE= HVD I/)NU LNDS

+NNMUK� L]N6_NVI[GK OD/)NNXNVD HVD YN6M YNE= YNE= �O OK@ FD[\N6M HVD@ � WVXI9G IR�N�NVD HVD � P3S

/UMK� L]N6_NVI[GK IRGNO IHNX Ñ9K 0K �HÐ IQO(FM@ ���� HVD NT� IG� [�$ EX

LIM�NVWXNYNVD HVD YN6_NVI[G OJ�NV[ GN IRNV�N OD"N9G NNIH\ )NN$ O+NK L]N6_NVI[GK IRGNO

IHNXNVD GK YI8UH IMLNV9V� YN6M +NIR�� HVD GK WNXV RN\K GNM=RNE= GV FNMV HVD 9K 0K �H ODFD�NK

MN�9�K� ODSN\X OIHIU `NMN SSN= GK [E=$ �J IX�N=� I\�N [�N IG LIM�NVWXN GN �G QZOMN

SM�N JNV[N@ IWOGV I\� O+NK IHNX YLXK LIM�NVWXN IMLNV9V� U6�NM GMVD[V$ F6%G HVD EO HT>�

IR�N� LM IRNV�N ��NX IQ�N [�N IG XE= IRGIOU L]N6_NVI[GK GN RNI�NI7�GM�N G6OV IG�N

WN�[N@ YN6M +NN[ \VXV RN\V ��� P_NV[NVD HVD OV �� P_NV[NVD OV L]N,U L]IUIG]�N GNV P5ONJWXG

LN�N [�N$ YI�NGNDN OJ+NNI[�NVD XV HJOZO IG�N IG +NNMUK� L]N6_NVI[GK OD/)NNXNVD GV ON)N

IH\GM GNH GMXN �G OTO(L8X YXT+NR J6 YN6M �VOK LIM�NVWXNYNVD GNV P5LNQX GV ^NV HVD

JN)N HVD I\�N WN OGUN J6$ IHNXNVD XV L]N6_NVI[IG�NVD@ PL/GMNVD YN6M PLN�NVD GV X� IRGNO GNV

F��NRN QVXV GV GN�= HVD +NK OJN�UN QK@ YN6M GT1 HNH\NVD HVD PL/GM GV I0WNEX HVD 1NV9N ON

LIMRU=X +NK POGV GN�=@ IX�LNQX HVD GN4K RCI� GM OGUN J6$ GT1 JK P_NV[NVD GV GN�=G]H HVD

GT1 >NNIH�ND FUNE�@ W6OV@ \N[UL]+NNRK L]N6_NVI[GK GV IRGNO GV I\� OH� GN L�N=,U X

JNVXN� WFIG GT1 QZOMV P_NV[NVD XV HJOZO IG�N IG UKX ON\ GKYRI�N FJTU \(FK )NK@ YNIQ$

+NN�NNYNVD GK P8XIU YN6M IRGNO

��� IR+NN[ YMFK@ 4NMOK@ OD/GCU W6OK L]NSKX +NN�NNYNVD YN6M IJ8QK@ PQZ=@ IOD�NK W6OK

YN�NTIXG +NNMUK� +NN�NNYNVD GV IRGNO GV I\� OH)N=X U)NN OJN�UN QVUN MJN J6$ EO ODQ+N= HVD@

PQZ= +NN�NN GK UM'GK GV I\� MN�9�K� LIM�NQ GNV /RN�¿NUN L]QNX GMXN@ IOD�NK +NN�NN GK P8XIU

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GV I\� MN�9�K� LIM�NQ /)NNILU GMXN YN6M R�N= �������� GNV OD/GCUR�N= GV �L HVD HXNXN

GT1 P<\V>NXK� "N9XN�D J6D$ +NNMUK� L]NSKX +NN�NN YXTQNX YN�NV[ GK /)NNLXN GN L]/UNR

IRSNMN�NKX J6$ IRRGNVN �XONE'\N:LKI0G I0'NXMKРGK OHK^NN GK WN MJK J6 YN6M EOV

GV8Q]K� OMGNM GK ��� L]IUNU IR¿N 2�R/)NN GV ON)N MN�9�K� LIM�NVWXN HVD FQ\ QVXV GN

L]/UNR J6@ UNIG �J Y[\V �� R�NNV� HVD LZMK JNV WN�$ OD/GCU GNV GD,�Z9M GN�=@ YXTRNQ YN6M

IR.NX GK IN^NN GV ^NV HVD LTXWK=IRU GMXV GV I\� Y8� /GKHVD +NK GN�N=I8RU GK WN MJK J6D$

��� EOGV Y\NRN@ IR+NN[ GHKMK@ XVLN\K YN6M GNVDG�NK +NN�NNYNVD GV IRGNO GV L]/UNRNVD LM

+NK IRSNM GM MJN J6$

LT/UG ODR�N=X GN�=G\NL

��� IR+NN[ IRI+N8X /GKHNVD GV HN��H OV YN6M MN�9�K� LT/UG 8�NO GV HN��H OV LT/UG

ODR�N=X GV GN�=G\NL S\N MJN J6$ MN�9�K� LT/UG 8�NO ÑXVNX\ FTG 9�/9Ð ���� HVD ONVONE9K

LDWKGM�N YI�NIX�H GV YDU[=U �G /RN�¿N IXGN� GV �L HVD /)NNILU IG�N [�N )NN$ 8�NO

I4\JN\ IQ<\K HVD QNV IGMN� GV HGNXNVD HVD GNH GM MJN J6 '�NVDIG EOGV LNO YLXN +NRX

XJKD J6$

1N RCIµN�ND

��� IR+NN[ L]IU+NNNN\K U)NN W�MUHDQ 1N NVD GNV +NNMU HVD Y���X GMXV GV I\� IR¿NK�

OJN�UN QVUN J6 YN6M IRQVNNVD HVD IRIN�9 LN%a�G]HNVD GV I\� OTLN 1N NVD GNV STXGM IRQVN +NK

+NVWUN J6$ MN�9�K� 1N RCI¿N /GKH YN6M []NHK�N ^NV NVD GV I\� L]IU+NNRNX F3SNVD GK /GKH GK

OHK^NN GMXV GV I\� �G OIHIU [I%U GK [E= J6$ R�N= ���� HVD L]NMD+N GK [E= MN�9�K� B�N

1N RCI¿N /GKH GNV FQ\ GM POGV YDU[=U QK WNXV RN\K 1N RCI¿N GK MNIN�NVD GNV F��N�N WN

MJN J6 YN6M LZ�N=GNI\G HN8�UNL]N,U 2�NRONI�G LN%a�G]HNVD GV I\� 1N NVD GNV IQ� [� B�NNVD

LM &�NW OI&O0K QVXV GN IRSNM IG�N WN MJN J6$

YXTOZISU WNIU�NVD#YXTOZISU WXWNIU�NVD#Y8� IL10�V R[NV�#Y<LOD>�GNVD GK IN^NN

��� XN6RKD �NVWXN �O OK@ �O 9K@ YNV FK OK YN6M Y<LOD>�GNVD GNV P8XU YN6M NIlO(L8X

FXNXV GV I\� L]IUF� J6$ OMGNM GV MN�9�K� �WVD0N ÑXN[Ð HVD �J /L�9 �L OV GJN [�N J6

IG PL�T'U R6_@ GN�=GNMK YN6M ONHNIWG L]�5XNVD GV `NMN PXGV IJUNVD GK M^NN GK WN�[K@

PXGNV ONHNIWGYNI)N=G QCI�9 OV NI'U# YI�NGNM O(L8X FXN�N WN�[N@ PXGK N6I^NG

I/)NIU GNV OT�NNMN WN�[N@ YN6M EOGV I\� ���� UG ONR=WIXG L]N)NIHG IN^NN �Z LK E=РGN

OJNMN I\�N WN�[N$ EOGV Y\NRN@ GH ON^NMUN RN\V E\NGNVD LM@ MNVW[NMNV8HT>N IN^NN YN6M

IRIR�NKGCU 2�NRONI�G L]IN^N�N LM@ IHI0\# JNE= /GZ\ /UMNVD LM IN^NN GV 2�RON�KGM�N@

YN6M IRNV�N �L OV WXWNUK� ^NV NVD HVD GN�N=5HG QCI�9 OV O^NH U)NN P5LNQG IN^NN GK

2�R/)NN GMXV GV I\� GNHIQ\Nc O"NX LN%a�G]HNVD LM IRNV�N ��NX IQ�N WN�[N >NNOUN6M

LM@ [MKFK GK MV>NN OV XKSV WKRX�NLX GMXV RN\NVD GV I\�@ LK YNM YNE= GV HN��H OV@ IN^NN

GK L][IU LM XWM M>NXV GN IRSNM IG�N [�N J6$

��� �_IL IL1\V GT1 QNGNVD OV YXTOZISU WNIU�NVD# YXTOZISU WXWNIU�NVD GK ON^NMUN

QMNVD HVD GN4K LIMRU=X XWM YN MJN J6 YN6M IRI+N8X OMGNMK IR+NN[NVD `NMN EX OHZJNVD GNV \N+N

LJTDSNXV GV I\� LJ\V OV YI�NG OD>�N HVD /GKHVDVD@ IRNV�N �L OV N6I^NG /GKHVD S\ MJK J6D@ I4M

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+NK ONHN8� WXUN GK UT\XN HVD EX OHZJNVD GK ON^NMUN QMNVD YN6M +NUK=# XNHNDGX YXTLNU HVD

GN4K F0�N Y8UMN\ YF +NK HN6WZQ J6� Y\F¿NN@ L]N)NIHG /UM LM YXTOZISU WNIU�NVD GV

XNHNDGX YXTLNU HVD RCI� JTE= J6$

LZRNV=µNM ^NV HVD N6I^NG IRGNO

��� ,NZRNV=¿NM ^NV HVD IR+NN[ YXVG X� GN�=G]H S\N MJN J6$ LZRNV=¿NM ^NV HVD YL]INI^NU

Y��NLGNVD GV cDSV L]IUNU �� L]IUNUРGNV QV>NUV JT�@ RJND GV YL]INI^NU /GZ\K Y��NLGNVD GV

I\� E;XZ �NXK EI8QMN [N�DNK MN�9�K� HTl IRRIR_N\� YN6M �X OK E= YNM 9K �NXK MN�9�K�

N6I^NG YXTOD�NNX �RD L]IN^N�N LIM�NQa `NMN �G IRNV�N I0,\NVHN LN%a�G]H L]N)NIHG IN^NN HVD

I0,\NVHN Ñ0K LK E=Ð SN\Z IG�N [�N J6$ YN:LMVNX &\6GFNV0= ÑYNV FKÐ@ YN6LSNIMG IN^NN Ñ�X �4

E=Ð YN6M Y��NLG IN^NN Ñ9K E=Ð GK GV8Q] L]N�NVIWU /GKHVD +NK YI�NGNDN LZRNV=¿NM MN7�NVD HVD S\

MJK J6D$ IW\N L]N)NIHG IN^NN GN�=G]H Ñ0K LK E= LKÐ YOH GV XN6 IW\NVD HVD GN�N=I8RU IG�N

WN MJN J6$ \[+N[ �� GMNV0� �L�N LZRNV=¿NM ^NV HVD Y��NLGNVD GK IN^NN GV I\� IQ�N WN MJN

J6$

��� GV8Q]K� OMGNM `NMN LZRNV=¿NM ^NV HVD HN��IHG IN^NN GV ^NV HVD WNV GN�= IG� WN MJV J6D@

RV IR.NX GK IN^NN HVD OT�NNM@ /GZ\K IN^NN GN L�N=RMI�NG YI+NIR8�NO@ IN^NN GN

2�RON�KGM�N@ 1N NYNVD GV I\� FNVI0�[# JNV/9\ OTIR�NNYNVD GNV OTQC�� GMXV GV I\� [6M

OMGNMK OD[%XNVD GNV OJN�UN YN6M IRG\ND[ F3SNVD GV I\� �GKGCU IN^NN YNIQ GV I\� J6D$

LZRNV=¿NM ^NV HVD �� GV8Q]K� IR_N\� YN6M �� XRNVQ� IR_N\� S\ MJV J6D$

��� P3S U)NN UGXKGK IN^NN GV ^NV HVD@ XN6RKD �NVWXN YRI�N HVD@ GT\ IH\NGM GV8Q]K�

IRRIR_N\�NVD GV I\� ��� GMNV0� �L� GN YNFD9X IG�N [�N J6 IWOHVD OV �� GMNV0� �L�

LZRNV=¿NM ^NV GV XVJZ @ XN[N\6D0@ YOH YN6M UVWLTM IRRIR_N\�NVD GV I\� J6D WNV GV8Q]K�

IRRIR_N\�NVD GV I\� YNFDI9U FW9 GN ����� L]IUNU J6$ MN7�NVD GV IRRIR_N\� OV'9M HVD@

IRRIR_N\� YXTQNX YN�NV[ XV ����� GMNV0a �L� [TRNJN9K@ I0F]Z[��@ HI�NLTM YN6M I LTMN

IRRIR_N\�NVD GNV YNFDI9U IG� J6D WNV MN7� IRRIR_N\�NVD GNV YNFDI9U GT\ MNIN GN ����

L]IUNU J6D$

��� IR+NN[@ LZRNV=¿NM ^NV GV 1N NVD GK P3S U)NN UGXKGK IN^NN GV I\� OTIR�NN�D QVXV GNV

FJTU P5OTG J6$ XN6RKD �NVWXN HVD � YNE= E= OK 9K E= XV PO ^NV HVD � EDWKIX�IMD[ GN\VW@ ��

LNVI\9VI'XG@ � �H FK � YN6M � �H OK � /UM GV GN\VW >NNV\XV GV I\� YXTHNVQX QV IQ�N

J6$ GV8Q]K� OMGNM XV [TRNJN9K HVD �G YNE= YNE= 9K@ IO\SM HVD �G ^NV K� EDWKIX�IMD[

GN\VW@ YN6M E9NX[M HVD IR.NX U)NN L]N6_NVI[GK GN LZRNV=¿NM ^NV K� OD/)NNX@ OD�T'U PLG]HNVD GV

�L HVD /)NNILU IG� J6D$

��� PL�T='U GV YIUIM'U@ LZRNV=¿NM MN7�NVD GV 1N NVD GV I\� +NNMU GV IRI+N8X EDWKIX�IMD[

GN\VWNVD YN6M LNVI\9VI'XGNVD HVD I0[]K /UM LM ��� OK9VD YN6M I0,\NVHN /UM LM ��� OK9VD

YNMI^NU GK [E= J6D$

��� IJ8QK Y��NLGNVD GK IX�TI'U GK �NVWXN GV Y8U[=U@ � GMNV0� �L� GV GT\ L]NR�NNX HVD

OV LZRNV=¿NM GV I\� ���� GMNV0� �L� WNMK IG� WN STGV J6D$

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305

G\N YN6M OD/GCIU

��� OD/GCIU \NV[NVD GK PL\I&�N�NVD GN LZDWK+NZU �L JNVXV GV GNM�N@ O+NK IRGNON5HG

GN�=G\NLNVD OV Y5�8U "NIX�%UN OV WT0�K J6$ IRGNO �NVWXNYNVD GK O4\UN GN HZ<�NDGX YNH

WXUN GK OND/GCIUG NI'U YN6M Y8� IRIN�9UNYNVD GNV IJONF HVD I\� IFXN XJKD IG�N WN

OGUN$ EOI\� XN6RKD �NVWXN HVD OD/GCIU GV O+NK L^NNVD GV M^N�N@ ODM^N�N@ L]ONM�N U)NN ODR�N=X

LM F\ IQ�N [�N J6$ QVN GK LTMNUNI5RG IRMNOU GV LIMM^N�N U)NN /HNMGK� ODGT\NVD#

LIMOMNVD YN6M OD[]JN\�NVD GV IRGNO GK �G 2�NLG �NVWXN LM ��NX GVI8Q]U IG�N [�N J6$

EOGV Y\NRN@ YIH\V>NNVD O(F8�NK IRMNOU GV LIMM^N�N YN6M NN/ K�@ \NVG@ WXWNUK� G\N

U)NN IN<L �RD �VOK HN6I>NG LM(LMNYNVD GK P8XIU GV I\� +NK L]�NO IG� WN MJV J6D WNV \T,U

JNVXV GV G[NM LM J6D$

��� OD/GCIU IR+NN[ GNV XN6RKD �NVWXN GV I\� ������ GMNV0� �L� GK MNIN YNFDI9U GK [E=

)NK$ OD/GCIU IR+NN[ XV QVN HVD G\N U)NN OD/GCIU GV ODR�N=X GV I\� +NNMU OMGNM GK F0�K

F0�K /GKHVD YN6M GN�=G]H IX�LNIQU IG� J6D$ QVN GK OND/GCIUG IRMNOU GV ODR�N=X@ LIMM^N�N

YN6M ODM^N�N OV ODFDI�NU �NVWXN[U GN�=G]H EO IR+NN[ GV GN�N=\�NVD GV XV9RG= U)NN EOGV

IX�D �N HVD ODSNI\U OND/GCIUG OD/)NNYNVD GV HN��H OV GN�N=I8RU IG� WN MJV J6D$ OD/GCIU

IR+NN[ G\N U)NN OD/GCIU GV ODR�N=X U)NN L]ONM�N GK YXVG /GKHNVD GNV L]5�^N �L OV /R�D

IX�LNIQU GMUN J6$ EOGV GN�=G\NL U)NN GN�=G]H HNV9V UN6M LM ONU NK�NNV� GV YDU[=U

YN�NVIWU IG� WNUV J6D@ WNV EO L]GNM J6D� LTMNU5R@ OD[]JN\�@ YI+N\V>NN[NM@ HNXR IR.NX@

L]QN=XN5HG G\N�D@ LT/UGN\�@ FN6� �RD IU&FUK OD/)NNX YN6M Y8�$

��� WJND UG MN�9�K� YGNQIH�NVD GN ORN\ J6@ OD[KU XN9G YGNQHK R�N= ������ YN6M

������ GV QN6MNX YLXV FW9K� YNFD9X GN ��� L]IUNU PL�NV[ GM OGK YN6M RJ +NNMU

HVD L]IN^N�N GN�=G]HNVD@ 1N RCI¿N�NVD@ LTM/GNMNVD@ L]\V>NNVD YNIQ GV HN��H OV L]QN=XN5HG G\NYNVD GK

P8XIU GV I\� GN�=MU MJK$ EOGV I\�@ POXV XE= LK��K GV G\NGNMNVD OIJU@ IR>�NU �RD

L]IU+NNRNX G\NGNMNVD GV GN�=G]H L]/UTU IG�GMRN�$ YGNQHK XV +NNMUK� +NN�NNYNVD HVD X�

GN2�NVD U)NN XN9GNVD GK MSXN GV I\� X� GIR�NVD U)NN PQK�HNX \V>NGNVD GNV YROM L]QNX

GMXV GV L]�NVWX OV �G XE= /GKH XN9GGNM GN�=NN\N XNH OV L]NMD+N GK$ POXV P3S

/UMK� YXTOD�NNX U)NN L]IN^N�N GV I\� ;RNI\�M HVD +NNMUK� NN/ K� OD[KU GN �G X�N GV8Q]

+NK /)NNILU IG�N$ ONIJ5� YGNQHK GK XN6RKD �NVWXN GV QNVXNVD R�NNV� GV I\� FW9 HVD YNFDI9U

O(LZ�N= MNIN GN PL�NV[ GM OGK$ YGNQHK GV LNO@ L]IUR�N= YLXV GN�=G\NLNVD GNV O(L8X

GMXV GV I\� �G 2�NLG L]GNNX �RD GN�=G]H XKIU J6$ �J +NNMUK� +NN�NNYNVD HVD L]GNINU

ORNV=¿NH ONIJI5�G LI GNYNVD GNV LTM/GNM QVUK J6$

XKIU�ND YN6M M�NXKIU�ND X� GQH

��� LJ\V OV S\V YN MJV GN�=G]HNVD GNV YN[V WNMK M>NXV YN6M IRI+N8X G\N �RD OND/GCIUG

�LNVD U)NN OND/GCIUG IRMNOU GV ODR�N=X �RD LIMM^N�N GV YIUIM'U@ Y8UMOD[%X XV9RG= GNV

HWFZU GMXV GV GN�= LM F\ IQ�N [�N UNIG OND/GCIUG OD/)NNYNVD GV L]NNOX HVD L]FD�NNV8HT>N

QCI�9GNV�N YLXN�N WN OGV$ GV8Q]K� OD[]JN\�NVD GV FKS YNQNXL]QNX �RD O(LG= 2�R/)NN GNV

OTQC�� FXN�N [�N@ IWOOV �V OD/)NN�D OVRNGN\KX L]IN^N�N@ L]QN=IX�NVD GV YN�NVWX YNIQ GV

GN�= HVD YLXV YXT+NRNVD U)NN ODON�NXNVD GN YNQNXL]QNX GM OGVD$ Y8UMN=�9�K� HNXG /UM L]N,U

GMXV GV I\� OD[]JN\�NVD GNV YNG�N=G FXNXV GK YNR�GUN J6$ EOGV I\� PXHVD G\N

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306

R/UTYNVD GNV %KG OV L]QIN=U GMXN JNV[N YN6M G\NGCIU GNPD9M U)NN IG�NV/G >NNV\XV JNVD[V$

EO ODFD�N HVD MN�9�K� XKIU U6�NM GMXV GV I\� �G MN�9�K� OD[]JN\� YN�NV[ [I%U GMXV GK

YNR�GUN J6@ IWOV RU=HNX I/)NIU GK OHK^NN GMXV YN6M RNDI1U \^� L]N,U GMXV GV I\�

P%N� WNXV RN\V GQHNVD GV FNMV HVD IO4NIMN GMXV GN GNH ON6DLN WN OGUN J6$ OD[]JN\�NVD GN

�G XV9RG= /)NNILU IG�N [�N J6$ IWOGK XNV0\ IW(HVQNMK P¿NMK MN7�NVD GV I\� MN�9�K�

OD[]JN\�NVD GNV@ QI^N�NK MN7�NVD GV I\� O\NMWD[ OD[]JN\� GNV@ LZRK= U)NN P¿NMLZRK= MN7�NVD GV

I\� +NNMUK� OD[]JN\� U)NN IR'9NVIM�N HVHNVIM�\ GNV@ H��RUK= +NNMU GV I\� E\NJNFNQ

OD[]JN\� GNV@ LISHK MN7�NVD GV I\� IL]DO YN4 RV<O (�ZIW�H YN6M MN�9�K� XRG\N RKI)N@

HT(FE= GNV ON6DDLK [E= J6$ OND/GCIUG IRMNOU GV ODM^N�N GV I\� IR.NX U)NN L]N6_NVI[GK ODFD�NK

FVJUM IXIRI�9�NVD GK PL\&�NUN GNV OTIXISU GMXV GV I\� �G R6.NIXG O\NJGNM OIHIU

+NK [I%U GK [E= J6$ [6MOMGNMK OD[%XNVD GNV P5LNQX YXTQNXNVD U)NN RVUX GV I\� IR¿NK�

OJN�UN YN6M G\N U)NN OD/GCIU GV ^NV HVD Y��VUNRCI¿N�ND QVXV GK /GKH YF ODNNVI�NU GM QK

[E= J6 YN6M YI�NGNDN HNH\NVD HVD MNIN GNV ��� L]IUNU F��N IQ�N [�N J6 YN6M OND/GCIUG

Y)N=NN/ @ OND/GCIUG OD/)NNYNVD GN L]FD�N@ ODM^N�N GN R6.NIXG U)NN L]N6_NVI[GK� IO�N8U YNIQ

GV X� YXTOD�NNX ^NV NVD HVD 1N RCI¿N�ND F��N QK [E= J6D$ ^NV K� U)NN /)NNXK� OD[]JN\�NDVD GNV OTQC��

FXNXV GV I\� IR¿NK� OJN�UN GK /GKH HVD LIMRU=X IG�N [�N J6 YN6M POGN 2�NI,U ^NV F��N

IQ�N [�N J6 IWOOV QVN GV 1NV9V OD[]JN\�NVD GNV +NK OJN�UN QK WN OGV[K$ OD[]JN\�NVD OV �J

+NK GJN [�N J6 IG RV YLXV �NVWXN[U GN�=G\NLNVD GV YDU[=U G\N R/UTYNVD YN6M GCIU�NVD GV

I0IW9KGM�N U)NN L]\V>NX LM +NK WNVM QVD$

��� L�=9G HJ¿R GV YXTONM YI�NGNI�NG /HNMGNVD GNV YLXNXV GV Y\NRN@ +NNMUK� LTMNU¿R

ORV=^N�N IR+NN[ � �O YNE=РGV YDU[=U L�=9X /)N\NVD LM ODD[]JN\�NVD GNV /)NNILU GMXN YN6M

PXGN QWN= F��NXN +NK �G Y8� HJ¿RLZ�N= GN�= J6$ I+NI¿N IS NVD GN ODM^N�N �G GHWNVM L^N

MJN J6$ �NVWXN YN�NV[ XV �G YI>N\ +NNMUK� F6%G FT\NGM �G GN�=G]H L]NMD+N IG�N YN6M

I+NI¿N IS NVD GV ODM^N�N GK /GKH +NNMUK� LTMNU¿R ORV=^N�N `NMN R�N= ������ HVD L]NM(+N GK

[E=$ EO /GKH GNV QVJMNQZX@ E8QN6M@ W�LTM@ YN6MD[NFNQ YN6M H6OZM HVD YX8� �L OV I+NI¿N

IS NVD GV ODM^N�N GV I\� LNDS LIM�NVWXN NN>NN GN�N=\� >NNV\GM YN6M HWFZU IG�N [�N J6$

��� QVN GV LTMNUNI5RG IRMNOU GV ODM^N�N GV I\� YN6M /HNMGK� LIMOMNVD GV IRGNO GV

I\� �G 2�NLG �NVWXN FXNE= [E= J6$ � �O YNE= 2�NLG IRGNO GV I\� ��� /HNMGK�

LIMOMNVD GNV YLXV JN)N HVD \V[N� �J GN�= JNV MJN J6$ /HNMGNVD GV L]FD�N GK �G Y8� /GKH

L]NMD+N GK [E= J6 IWOGV YDU[=U /HNMGNVD GN LIMM^N�N IG�N WN�[N YN6M �VIUJNIOG P_NXNVD GNV

PXGK HZ\ N6\K HVD LTXWKIR=U IG�N WN�[N$ WJND UG � �O YNE= `NMN IXI�N�NVD GVV PL�NV[

GN ODFD�N J6@ �J XN6RKD �NVWXN GV LJ\V QNV R�NNV� HVD YNFDI9U MNIN GV ��� L]IUNU OV +NK YI�NG

J6$

��� +NNMUK� HNXR IR.NX ORV=^N�N IR+NN[ GV GN�=G]HNVD# GN�=G\NLNVD GNV HWFZU GMXV YN6M

PXHVD OT�NNM GMXV GV I\� OJN�UN QK [E= J6$ ONIJ5�@ G\N YN6M WKRX GV Y8� ^NV NVD GV YIU

IRIN�9 2�I'U�NVD GNV@ WNV YNI)N=G QCI�9 OV >N/UNJN\ J6D@ IQ� WNXV RN\V YXTQNXNVD HVD RCI� GMGV

OJN�UN QK [E= J6 YN6M OND/GCIUG GN�=G\NLNVD YNIQ HVD WT9V /R6I31G OD[%XNVD GNV YXTOD�NNX

GN�NV� GV I\� IR¿NK� OJN�UN QVXV GK /GKHNVD HVD ODNNV�NX GMGV YI�NG OH)N=XOJN�UN QK

[E= J6$ GT1 X� GN�=G]HNVD# OD/)NNYNVD GNV +NK OH)N=X �RD OJN�UN QK [E= J6@ W6OV@ +NNMU GV

MN�9�K� YI+N\V>NN[NM GV YDU[=U MN�9�K� LN�0TI\IL IHNX@ IRIN�9 L]QN=XK� G\N LIM�NVWXNYNVD

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307

GV I\� /R6I31G OND/GCIUG OD[%XNVD# 2�I'U�NVD GNV IR¿NK� OJN�UN GK /GKH GV YDU[=U

MN7�P5ORNVD GN YN�NVWX@ LN�0TI\IL�NVD GV LIMM^N�N U)NN ODM^N�N GV GN�= GNV OF\ FXNXN@

IWOGV I\� [6M OMGNMK OD[%XNVD U)NN OND/GCIUG 2�NI,U ^NV F��NXN@ MN�9�K� /UM GV

OD[]JN\�NVD `NMN "NMV\Z �NXK QVN HVD L]QN=IX�NVD LM YI�NG F\ QVXN@ OD[]JN\� GV GNIH=GNVD GV

I\� UGXKGK U)NN L]FD�NGK� L]IN^N�N GK 2�R/)NN GMXN@ MN�9�K� LTMNRNV�N MIW/9M U6�NM

GMXN YN6M IR.NX GV8Q] /)NNILU GMXN$

��� YNDSI\G OND/GCIU GV8Q]NVD@ MN�9�K� XN9a� IR_N\�NVD GV O+NK IRGNON5HG GN�=G\NLNVD GNV

OJNMN IQ�N [�N$

��� ONU YNDSI\G OND/GCIUG GV8Q]NVD XV QVN HVD OND/GCIU YN8QNV\X GNV YN6M YN[V F��NXV U)NN

HWFZU GMXV GV GN�= HVD YLXK HJ¿RLZ�N= +NZIHGN YQN GK$ EOGV I\� P8JNVDXV []NHK�N U)NN

NJMK E\NGNVD HVD OND/GCIUG OHNMNVJ# P5OR# GN�=G]H YN�NVIWU IG� YN6M MN7�NVD GV ODFDI�NU

IR+NN[NVD U)NN [6M OMGNMK OD[%XNVD GV ON)N IH\GM WXWNUK� U)NN \NVG G\N �LNVD GV

LIMM^N�N@ P8X�X U)NN ODM^N�N GV I\� YLXV L]�NO WNMK M>NV$ R�N= ���� HVD /)NNILU YX8UHZIU=

OIHIU XV ODMSXN5HG LIMRU=XNVD@ L]NNOIXG 2�� HVD G9N6UK@ YGNQIH�NVD U)NN YNDSI\G

OND/GCIUG GV8Q]NVD YNIQ GV FKS FVJUM OH8R� GK IO4NIMN GK )NK$

��� \VJ YN6M ONMXN)N HVD I/)NU FN6� U)NN IU&FUK Y���X GV8Q]NVD@ XN\DQN HVD XRXN\DQN

HJNIRJNM@ IU&FU JNPO UNRND[@ HNVXN/9�K /GZ\ YNIQ GNV OTQC�� FXNXV YN6M PXGV YN�NNM+NZU

�NDSV GNV OT�NNMXV GV I\� +NK OJN�UN QK WN MJK J6 '�NVDIG �V /)NNX FN6� �NH= GV QT\=+N []8)NNVD

GV +N�0NM J6D YN6M FN6� Y���X GV L]IO� GV8Q] J6D$ OHK^NN OIHIU�ND FXNE= [E� IW8JNVDXV PXGV

GN�=G\NLNVD GN IXMK^N�N �RD OHK^NN GK$ R�N= �������� GV QN6MNX \VJ I/)NU I/LUTG H% GNV

XRKGM�N �RD WK�NNV=�NM GV I\� �NVWXN YN�NV[ `NMN � GMNV0� �L� GK IRNV�N OJN�UN QK [E=$

��� LZRNV=¿NM ^NV HVD ÑIOI'GH OIJUÐ G\N U)NN OD/GCIU GV ^NV HVD IRGNO GN�NV� GV ODR�N=X

U)NN OH)N=X LM ��NX GVI8Q]U GMXN �NVWXN YN�NV[ GK XKIU�NVD GN HZ\ PtV� J6 YN6M O+NK

IR+NN[NVD GV �NVWXN FW9 GN �� L]IUNU +NN[ /L�9 �L OV PO ^NV GK �VOK LIM�NVWXNYNVD

U)NN GN�=G]HNVD GV I\� IX�NN=IMU IG�N WNUN J6$ LZRNV=¿NM ^NV HVD G\N U)NN OD/GCIU GV ODR�N=X

GV I\� �G IRNV�N GQH GV �L HVD@ OD/GCIU IR+NN[ IRI+N8X /GKHNVD GV YDU[=U �NXMNIN�ND

YNFDI9U GMUN J6$ EXHVD OV GT1 L]HT>N /GKHVD J6D� MN7�NVD HVD FJTL]�NVWXK OND/GCIUG ODGT\NVD GK

/)NNLXN@ IWOHVD F3SNVD GV ODGT\ NNIH\ J6D� ^NV K� U)NN /)NNXK� OD[]JN\�NVD GV ODR�N=X U)NN

OTQC��KGM�N GK /GKH@ [TRNJN9K HVD +NNMU GV MN�9�K� YI+N\V>NN[NM GV ^NV K� GV8Q] GK /)NNLXN@

MN7�NVD GK IRMNOU W6OV /HNMGNVD@ IS GNIM�NVD@ LN�0TI\IL�NVD GV ODM^N�N@ YXTM^N�N U)NN XRKGM�N

GV I\� IR¿NK� U)NN UGXKGK OJN�UN@ IR.NX GV8Q]# OD[]JN\�NVD GK /)NNLXN YN6M FN6� U)NN

IU&FUK OD/)NNXNVD# OD[%XNVD GNV OJN�UNYXTQNX QVXV GK �NVWXN$

MN7�NVD HVD IRµNK� L][IU

��� XN6RKD LDSR�NK=� �NVWXN GV I\�@ G\N U)NN OD/GCIU OV'9M GV YDU[=U ������ GMNV0�

�L� GN LIM2�� YXTHNVIQU IG�N [�N )NN@ POGK UT\XN HVD LJ\V QNV R�NNV� GV I\� L]5�NINU

2�� ���� GMNV0� �L� F6%5NN J6$

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GN�= �NVWXN

��� �VON QV>NN [�N J6 IG XN6RKD �NVWXN GV LJ\V QNV R�NNV� HVD@ OD/GCIU IR+NN[ XV �NVWXN

YN�NV[ GV ON)N OH8R� GMGV@ YXVG /GKHNVD GK OHK^NN GK J6 YN6M UQXTONM PXGNV ODNNVI�NU

U)NN P8XU FXN�N J6$ G\N U)NN OD/GCIU GV IRI+N8X �LNVD YN6M IRMNOU GV ODR�N=X U)NN

LIMM^N�N GV I\� YLXV LJ\V OV S\V YN MJV GN�=G\NLNVD GNV WNMK M>NUV JT�@ EO YRI�N GV

QN6MNX HT>� F\ EO FNU LM IQ�N WNUN MJN J6 IG XV9RG= /)NNILU GMGV OND/GCIUG OD/)NNYNVD

GV FKS GV ODFD�NNVD GNV QC�� IG�N WN� YN6M L]NNOX HVD L]FD�NNV8HT>NK QCI�9GNV�NNVD GNV YLXNGM YN6M

XRKXUH OZSXN L]N6_NVI[GK@ YN6M LD]FD�N U)NN R6.NIXG IO�N8UNVD GN YXTOM�N GMUV JT� PXGV

PtV�NVD GNV L]N,U IG�N WN�$ �V ONMV L]�NO G\N U)NN OD/GCIU GV ODR�N=X U)NN L]ONM GK

/GKH YN6M 1N RCI¿N�NVD GK /GKH HVD I\� [� OD[]JN\�NVD GV IRRM�NN5HG XV9RG= GK /)NNLXN@

OJN�UN YXTQNX W6OK YXVG IR¿NK� OJN�UN GK /GKHNVD HVD ODNNV�NX@ W6OK OJN�UN GNV ��

L]IUNU OV F��NGM ��� L]IUNU GMXN@ L]IUIFDIFU JNVUV J6D$ IXWK OV'9M GNV +NK OND/GCIUG

OV'9M HVD S\ MJV GN�=G\NLNVD HVD YN6M /HNMGK� L�=9X GV L]FD�N GNV F��NRN QVXV GV GN�= HVD

NNIH\ IG�N WN MJN J6 YN6M EO JVUT HNS= ���� HVD /)NNILU MN�9�K� OD/GCIU GNV�N GK /GKH

GN PL�NV[ IG�N WN MJN J6$ EOGV I\� YN�GM HVD ��� L]IUNU 1Z9 QK [E= J6$ EO /GKH

GV UJU GT1 X� L]/UNR +NK OD/GCIU IR+NN[ GV IRSNMN�NKX J6D$ WNVX\ OND/GCIUG GV8Q]NVD GV

GN�=G\NLNVD GV HN��H OV@ QZM/)N []NHK�N ^NV NVD HVD MJXV RN\V \NV[NVD UG LJTDSXN OD+NR JNV [�N

J6$ �V GN�=G\NL J6D� L]QN=XN5HG G\NYNVD U)NN IN<LNVD GK �NVWXN�D@ MN�9�K� OND/GCIUG YNQNX

L]QNX GN�=G]H@ \T,UL]N� �N HCUL]N� G\N �LNVD GK M^NN GV I\� L]\V>NX GV8Q]NVD GK /)NNLXN@

YN6M INI<L�NVD GNV ODR�N=XN5HG U)NN IRL�NXN5HG OTIR�NN�D QVXV GV I\� IN<L[]NHNVD GK /)NNLXN$

��� LTMNU5R@ LT/UGN\�NVD YN6M YI+N\V>NN[NMNVD GV OV'9M GV I\� XN6RKD �NVWXN GV L]HT>N IR�N�NVD

GV YXTONM@ LJ\V OV YI�NG LIMR�� M>NN [�N J6@ \VIGX OD[]JN\�NVD GV HNH\V HVD �J FJTU

GT1 PUXN JK MJN J6� �J �G IS8UN GN IR�N� J6$ GT1 /GKHNVD GN L]+NNRK U)NN GTN\

GN�N=8R�X XN6RKD �NVWXN GV LJ\V QNV R�NNV� HVD �NVWXN YNFD9X GV PL�NV[ HVD L]IUIFI(FU JNVUN J6$

GT1 ^NV NVD HVD UNV O4\UN YR� JK L]5�NINU /UM UG XJKD JTE= J6@ IRNV�N �L OV LZDWK[U

IXHN=�NGN�NV� HVD@ W6OV MN�9�K� XR G\NRKI)N GV OD\;X +NRX �XV'OKРGV IXHN=�N GN�=G]H HVD@

WNV Y+NK NT� JK XJKD JTYN J6@ YN6M MN�9�K� LT/UGN\�@ G\G¿NN GV +NN�NN +NRX GV IXHN=�N GN�=

HVD$

��� �J LN�N [�N J6 IG GT1 O(F� U)NN Y�NKX/)N GN�N=\�NVD GV HNH\V HVD 2�� GV /UM HVD

GHK MJK J6$ �V GN�N=\� J6D� +NNMU GN MN�9�K� YI+N\V>NN[NM@ MN�9�K� YXTOD�NNX L]�NV[NN\N@ YN6M

MN�9�K� LT/UGN\� G\G¿NN$ EOGV I\� WNV GNM�N FUN�N [�N J6@ RJ J6� LZDWK[U IXHN=�N

GN�NV� GV I\� YNFD9XNVD GV FKS ODUT\X GN Y+NNR YN6M ODFDI�NU OD/)NNYNVD `NMN P8JVD LZMN GMXV

GV HN[= HVD YNXV RN\K YN�NNM+NZU �NDSV GK �GNR9VD$

��� OD/GCIU IR+NN[ `NMN LZ�N= �L OV IRI�N LNVI�NU OD[%XNVD GV YI�NGNDN �NVWXN 2�� GN

PtV� PXGV ODM^N�N ODFD�NK GN�=G\NLNVD GN YN�NTIXGKGM�N@ P8X�X YN6M YXTM^N�N J6 YN6M G\N

R/UTYNVD@ LT/UGNVD U)NN LN�0TI\IL�NVD GV YI�NG ODM^N�N YN6M M^N�N GV I\� X� GN�=�H S\NXN J6

IW8JVD IR+NN[ XN6RKD �NVWXN HVD L]NM(+N GMXV GN IRSNM M>NUN J6$ P8JVD +NK XN6RKD �NVWXN GV I\�

O(HU IR¿NK� ODON�NX IQ� WNXV SNIJ�D$ GT1 OD/)NN�D@ W6OV YNE= WK YNM �H �O@ G\N ^NV @

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SV8XE= YNIQ YLXK LZDWK[U LIM�NVWXNYNVD GV I\� OJN�UN SNJUK J6D$ +NNMUK� LTMNU5R ORV=^N�N

GNV +NK HN6WZQN /HNMGNVD GV M>NM>NNR GV Y\NRN@ ODM^N�N GV X� /)N\NVD GV I\� YIUIM'U IXI�N�NVD

GK YNR�GUN JNV[K$ IR¿NK� ODON�NXNVD GK UD[K XV IR+NN[ GNV GT1 XE= LIM�NVWXN�D JN)N HVD

\VXV OV MNVG IQ�N J6 '�NVDIG YNFD9X LZRN=XTHNIXU /UM OV GN4K XKSV MJV J6D$

�TRN GN�= YN6M >NV\

��� �TRN R[= OHNW �N ORN=I�NG OCWXN5HG YD[ J6$ �TRN R[= +NNMU GK GT\ WXOD>�N GN

\;N+N[ �� L]IUNU J6$ 2�I'U[U P5LNQGUN GNV F��NXV GV I\� /RN/)� U)NN NNMKIMG /R/)NUN

GV I\� NNMKIMG IN^NN GK YNR�GUN U)NN HJ¿R UNV OR=HN8� J6 JK@ ON)N JK >NV\NVD GNV

HXNVMDWX YN6M OD+NNIRU ONHNIWG ON6JNQ= U)NN YXTNNOX GV ON�NX GV �L HVD LZ�N= HN8�UN L]N,U

J6$ XN6RKD LDSR�NK=� �NVWXN HVD IWO ^NV LM WNVM IQ�N [�N@ RJ J6 �TRN NI'U GN OQTL�NV[

GMXN$

��� �TRN GN�= YN6M >NV\ IR+NN[ GV I\� XN6RKD �NVWXN HVD ������ GMNV0a �L� GN LIM2��

YXTHNVIQU IG�N [�N J6 YN6M �������� GV QN6MNX OD+NRU�N \[+N[ ������ GMNV0� �L� >NS=

JT� J6D@ WNVIG YXTHNVIQU LIM2�� GN ����� L]IUNU J6$ EO IR+NN[ GK L]HT>N /GKHVD J6D� MN�9�K�

OVRN /GKH Ñ�X �O �OÐ@ XVJ� �TRN GV8Q] OD[%X Ñ�X RNE= GV �OÐ YN6M +NNMUK� >NV\

L]NI�NGM�N$

��� IR+NN[ XV FUN�N J6 IG YI�NGNDN /GKHNVD GV +NN6IUG \^� L]N,U IG� WN STGV J6D$ MN�9�K�

OVRN /GKH@ XVJ� �TRN GV8Q] OD[%X YN6M �X �O RK �O GV HNH\V HVD@ �TRN GN�= YN6M >NV\

IR+NN[ XV LJ\V QNV R�NNV� HVD YNXTLNIUG PL\I&�N OV GT1 7�NQN JK LN I\�N J6$ I4M +NK GT1

/GKHNVD GV \^�NVD HVD GT1 GHK MJK J6@ W6OV >NV\ ODFD�NK YN�NNM+NZU �NDSV GV IXHN=�N GV I\�

YXTQNX$ EOGN GNM�N �J MJN J6 IG MN7� OMGNMNVD OV L�N=,U HN N HVD L]/UNR L]N,U XJKD JT�

)NV$

��� �TRN GN�= �RD >NV\ IR+NN[ XV �������� HVD MN�9�K� LTXIXHN=�N GNVM Ñ�X YNM OKÐ

XNHG �G /GKH PX �TRNYNVD GV \N+N GV I\� FXNE= )NK IWXGK cWN= GNV MN�9� IXHN=�N GV

OCWXN5HG U)NN P5LNQG GN�=G\NLNVD HVD HNV0�XV GK W�MU J6$ �J /GKH QVN GV Y/OK IW\NVD

HVD �������� OV L]N�NVI[G /GKH GV �L HVD \N[Z GK [E= J6$ WF L]N�NVI[G YR/)NN HVD POGK

L]+NNRGNIMUN YN6M ON)N=GUN IO� JNV WN�[K UF EOV LZMV L6HNXV LM \N[Z IG�N WN�[N$

��� �TRN '\FNVD YN6M >NV\ '\FNVD GK /GKH GNV []NHK�N �TRN U)NN >NV\ '\FNVD GNV OJN�UN

GK /GKH HVD IH\N IQ�N [�N J6$ EOGN PtV� []NHK�N >NV\ L]IU+NNYNVD GNV >NNVWGM P8JVD YN[V

LXLXV GN YROM L]QNX GMXN YN6M �TRN '\FNVD GK ODRCI� GNV F��NRN QVXN J6@ '�NVDIG �TRN

'\FNVD GK ONHNIWG LIMRU=X HVD L]VMG +NZIHGN HNXK [E= J6$

��� IR+NN[ GK >NV\ O(F8�NK GE= /GKHNVD GNV FQ\UK LIMI/)NIU�NVD GV LIML]V^� HVD ODNNVI�NU

GM IQ�N [�N J6 YN6M PXGV IR¿NK� L]IUHNX cDSV IX�NN=IMU GM IQ� [� J6D$ �V /GKHVD J6D�

IRRIR_N\�NVD# GN\VWNVD HVD >NV\ GZQ GV I\� YXTQNX@ >NV\ O(F8�NK YN�NNM+NZU �NDSV GN

IXHN=�N GMXV GV I\� YXTQNX� IOD)NVI9G OUJ GK YNLZIU= YN6M OD/)NNLXN GV I\� OJN�UN� >NV\

L]IU+NN >NNVW 1N RCI¿N /GKHVD YNIQ$ I>N\NI0��NVD U)NN >NV\ O(F8�NK 2�I'U�NVD GNV L]NV5ONJX QVXV

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GV I\� Y8UMN=�9�K� >NV\NVD GV LQG IRWVUNYNVD YN6M PXGV L]IN^NGNVD GNV IRNV�N LTM/GNM GK

�NVWXN GNV ODNNVI�NU IG�N [�N J6$ EO /GKH GV YDU[=U PL\&�N LTM/GNM MNIN YF ����

\N>N �L� OV �� \N>N �L� UG JNV[K$

��� MN�9�K� OVRN /GKH �X �O �OРIRRIR_N\�NVD U)NN �� /UM GV 1N NVD GN ONHTQNI�G

OVRN GV HN��H OV IRGNO GMXV GV I\� �G Y5�8U HJ¿RLZ�N= �NVWXN J6$ YF EOV ODNNVI�NU

IG�N WN MJN J6$ IX�IHU GN�=G\NLNVD GV I\� YN6M IRNV�N INIRM GN�=G]H GV I\� GN�=G]H

IXI�N GNV F��N�N WN�[N$ GV8Q] U)NN IRNV�N -V�NK RN\V MN7�NVD GV FKS GK IR¿NK� L�IU ÑL69X=Ð

GNV EX MN7�NVD GV L^N HVD ODNNVI�NU GMXV GN +NK L]/UNR J6$ XN6RKD �NVWXN HVD /R�DOVRGNVD GN \^�

�� \N>N M>NN [�N )NN$ /GKH GV YDU[=U LDWKGCU /R�DOVRGNVD GK OD>�N R�N= ������ HVD

\[+N[ ����� \N>N )NK$

XVJ� �TRN GV8Q]NVD GV GN�=G]H GK GHWNVIM�ND YN6M IG� WNXV RN\V OT�NNMN5HG PLN�

���� XVJ� �TRN GV8Q] /GKH 1N VUM �TRNYNVD HVD �G \NVGIL]� /GKH MJK J6@ \VIGX EO

GN�=G]H HVD GT1 GHWNVIM�ND J6D$ EO /GKH GV OFOV GHWNVM LJ\TYNVD HVD OV �G LJ\Z �J J6

IG GN�N=5HG /UM ÑIW\N# >N�0 /UMÐ LM EOGN Y8� IRGNON5HG GN�=G\NLNVD GV ON)N

PISU O(LG= XJKD MJUN$ OKIHU O(LG= GN �G HT>� GNM�N �J MJN J6 IG Y8� IR+NN[NVD GV

ON)N EOGN OTLIM+NNI�NU OH8R� XJKD MJUN YN6M IW\N '\V'9MNVD GV LNO EO GN�= GV I\�

OH� GK GHK MJUK J6$ EOI\� YNR�GUN EO FNU GK J6 IG []NHK�N IRGNO GV I+N8X

I+N8X GN�=G]HNVD GK �NVWXN FXNUV OH� JK HN[=IXQV=N +NK EO L]GNM IX�NN=IMU GM I\� WN�D IG

�TRN '\F WNV 1N VUM �TRNYNVD GV OD[I%U /R6I31G OD"N J6D@ P8JVD +NK �VOV GN�=G]H FXNXV YN6M

IX�LNIQU GMXV GV GN�= HVD NNIH\ IG�N WN�$ EO OD[%X GV GN�=G\NLNVD HVD GHWNVM R[NV� GK

+NN[KQNMK GNV F��NRN QVXV GV I\�@ GN�=G]H GK IR�N� R/UT GNV PX R[NV� GK W�MUNVD GV

HTUNIFG �N\N WNXN W�MK J6$

���� XVJ� �TRN GV8Q] OD[%X XV LIMRK^N�N YN6M HZ<�NDGX GK �G L]IG]�N L]NM(+N GK J6 YN6M

6HNIOG L][IU IMLNV9NV� GV HN��H OV PXGV GN�NV� GV FNMV HVD WNXGNMK IH\UK MJUK J6 YN6M

L]NI�NGNMK IW\N GV8Q]NVD GN IX�IHU �L OV OH�OH� LM IXMK^N�N GMUV J6D$ EO YRI�N HVD

L]NI�NGNIM�NVD `NMN ��� IW\N GV8Q]NVD GN IXMK^N�N IG�N [�N$

XVJ� �TRN GV8Q] OD[%X

���� L�N=RM�N GNV Y31K I/)NIU HVD M>NXV GV I\� XVJ� �TRN GV8Q] OD[%X `NMN P%N� [�

GT1 F0�V GQHNVD GN &�NVMN XKSV IQ�N [�N J6�

U��N I RV�NK RX � LV0� \[NXV GN �G GN�=G]H IWOV +NNMUK� �I�� �RD LMDLMN OV

WNV0�N [�N J6$

JIMU +NNMU GN�=G]H � �J �G XE= �RD X� �D[ GK /GKH J6 WNV \NV[NVD GNV@ IRNV�N

�L OV �TRNYNVD GNV@ /RV31N OV LV0� \[NXV GV I\� L]NV5ONIJU GMUK J6$

R8� WKRX GK M>NRN\K � �J GN�=G]H XVJ� �TRN GV8Q] OD[%X YN6M 0&<�Z 0&<�Z

�4 +NNMU `NMN OD�T'U �L OV L]NMD+N IG�N [�N J6$ �J /)NNXK� OHTQN�NVD GNV HN6WZQN R8�

WKRX GV FNMV HVD OSVU M>NUN J6 YN6M RX ODM^N�N GN�= HVD +NN[ \VXV GK L]VM�NN QVUN J6$ �J

GN�=G]H QVN GV ��� IW\NVD HVD GN�N=I8RU IG�N WN MJN J6$

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���� +NNMUK� >NV\ L]NI�NGM�N �O � YNE=РGNV YXTQNX QVXN �TRN GN�= �RD >NV\ IR+NN[ GK

�G F0�K /GKH J6$ +NNMUK� >NV\ L]NI�NGM�N QVN HVD >NV\NVD GV IRGNO GV I\� YXVG /GKHVD

GN�N=I8RU GMUN J6@ W6OV@ MN�9�K� >NV\ L]IU+NN L]IU/L�NN=@ OVXN GV FN\GNVD GK GDLXK GK /GKH@

IRNV�N ^NV >NV\ /GKH@ �O � YNE= L]IN^N�N GV8Q]@ MN�9�K� >NV\ L]IN^N�N# GNVISD[ /GKH@

P5GC�9UN GV8Q] YN6M >NV\ YGNQIH�ND$

QVN HVD >NV\NVD GV IRGNO GV I\� OT!NR

���� �_IL Y8UMN=�9�K� >NV\GZQ OHNMNVJNVD HVD JHNMV L]QN=X HVD GT1 OT�NNM JTYN J6@ I4M +NK

Y8UMN=�9�K� >NV\ L]IU�NVI[UNYNVD W6OV YNV\I(LG >NV\NVD HVD@ JHNMV IX�LNQX GV /UM IF<GT\

ODUNV�NWXG XJKD GJV WN OGUV$ MN7�NVD HVD YN�NM+NZU �NDSV GV IRGNO GK L][IU FJTU JK �NKHK

MJK J6$

���� �G XE= >NV\ XKIU FXNXV GK YNR�GUN J6@ WJND []NHK�N ^NV NVD U)NN /GZ\NVD HVD >NV\

ODR�N=X GNV P3S L]N)NIHGUN QK WN�$ EOGV I\� YN�NNM+NZU �NDSV GN IRGNO GMXN JNV[N YN6M

>N�0@ IW\N@ MN7� U)NN MN�9�K� /UM LM 9ZXN=HVD9 YN�NVIWU GMXV JNVD[V$ []NHK�N ^NV NVD HVD []NH

LDSN�UNVD YN6M �TRN U)NN >NV\ '\FNVD GNV EO L]�NVWX GV I\� YN[V \NXV GK W�MU J6$

���� QVN HVD >NV\ OD/GCIU GNV F��NRN QVXV GV I\� YI�NG G<LXNNK\UN GV ON)N YN6M L]+NNRK

�D[ OV HNO HKI0�N GN PL�NV[ IG�N WN�$

���� +NNMUK� >NV\ L]NI�NGM�N@ >NV\NVD HVD JHNMV I>N\NI0��NVD GV L]QN=X GNV OT�NNMXV GV I\� LZMV

IQ\ OV [D+NKM L]�NO GMV$ >NV\NVD HVD P5GC�9UN GV I\� P8XU L]N6_NVI[GK GN OJNMN FJTU W�MK

J6$ EOGV ON)N JK YN�NNM+NZU �NDSV GNV HWFZU GMXN +NK W�MK J6$ ON)N JK@ LI9�N\N I/)NU >NV\

OD/)NNX �_IL OTOI7WU J6@ I4M +NK POGN YN�NTIXGKGM�N IG� WNXV YN6M >NV\ GV XRKXUH

PLGM�NNVD GNV /)NNILU GMXV GK W�MU J6$ �VOK JK I/)NIU HN6WZQN ^NV K� GV8Q]NVD GK +NK J6$

���� OHTQ]U9K� ^NV NVD HVD U6MNGK GV I\� YN6M �NXTIR=_N GV I\� WXWNUK� E\NGNVD HVD@ EOK L]GNM

Y8� >NV\ IR�NNYNVD GV I\� Y8�N8� ^NV NVD HVD /)NNXK� �L OV PL\&�N L]IU+NNYNVD GK >NNVW GV I\�

L]�5X IG� WNXV SNIJ�D$ R6OV UNV +NNMU OMGNM XV GT1 []NHK�N >NV\NVD GNV HN8�UN L]QNX GM QK

J6 YN6M PXGV L]IN^N�N GNV L]NV5ONJX QV MJK J6@ I4M +NK []NHK�N >NV\ GN�=G]H FJTU GHWNVM

IQ>NNE= QV MJV J6D YN6M PX LM YI�NG ��NX IQ� WNXV GK YNR�GUN J6$ [ND�NK WK GK FTIX�NQK

IN^NN L]�NN\K GV YXTONM@ []NHK�N I>N\NI0��NVD GNV L]NV5ONJX QVXV GV L]�NO IG� WNXV SNIJ�$

���� EX HNH\NVD HVD O\NJ QVXV GV I\� �TRN GN�= �RD >NV\ IR+NN[ `NMN �G >NV\ IR�N�G

[]NHK�N O\NJGNM OIHIU /)NNILU GK WN OGUK J6$ XVJ� �TRN GV8Q]NVD GNV []NHK�N >NV\NVD GV

ODR�N=X U)NN IRGNO GNV L]NV5ONJX QVXV@ []NHK�N L]IU+NNRNX I>N\NI0��NVD GN LUN \[NXV YN6M P8JVD

IRI+N8X >NV\ OHNMNVJNVD# L]IU�NVI[UNYNVD GV I\� L]N�NVIWU GMXV GK IW(HVQNMK ON6DLK WN OGUK

J6$ >NV\ OD"NNVD# OD[%XNVD GN ODSN\X YI�NG LNMQNK=@ \NVGUNDI G YN6M WRNFQVJ JNVXN SNIJ�$

���� IXWK OV'9M GV OJ�NV[ OV@ P8JVD YNG�N=G L]NV5ONJX QVGM@ >NV\ /GZ\ /)NNILU IG� WN

OGUV J6D$

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���� IXWK OV'9M# IX[H OV'9M GK OJ+NNI[UN OV >NV\ IRGNO GNV�N GNV F��N�N WN OGUN

J6 YN6M POGK OJN�UN OV >NV\NVD GN ODR�N=X YN6M >NV\ O(F8�NK YN�NNM+NZU �NDSV GN IRGNO

IG�N WN OGUN J6$

���� /)NNXK� IXGN�NVD@ /GZ\NVD GV L]FD�NGNVD YNIQ GK OJN�UN OV >NV\ O(F8�NK YN�NNM+NZU �NDSV

GV OHTISU M>NM>NNR GV I\� 2�R/)NN GK WN OGUK J6$

���� I>N\NI0��NVD U)NN U5O(F8�NK Y8� 2�I'U�NVD GNV R6.NIXG OJNMN QVXV GV I\� YN6M >NV\

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SNIJ� YN6M EOGV I\� POV HN��IHG /UM UG �G YIXRN�= IR�N� GN QWN= IQ�N WNXN

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I\� +NK L]NV5ONJX IQ�N WN OGUN J6$ �TRN '\FNVD GV YN6M HWFZU GMXV GK YNR�GUN J6$

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���� [6M OMGNMK OD[%X YN6M P_NV[ GK >NV\NVD YN6M �TRN GN�=G\NLNVD GV I\� L]N�NVIWU

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U)NN IRGNO GV I\� L]NV5ONIJU IG�N WN�$

���� >NV\NVD GV IR�N� HVD YXTOD�NNX YN6M IRGNO GNV F��NRN QVXV GK W�MU J6$ >NV\ O(F8�NK

ISIG5ONVD LM YXTOD�NNX GMXN YNR�G J6 YN6M EO GN�= HVD ISIG5ON GK O+NK L]�NNI\�NVD GN

PL�NV[ IG�N WN OGUN J6 YN6M ON)N JK I>N\NI0��NVD GK 0N'9MK QCI�9 OV PL�T'UUN#

/R/)NUN LM +NK F\ QVXV GK W�MU J6$ IRI+N8X OMGNMK U)NN [6MOMGNMK OD/)NNYNVD GNV EOGV

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���� �TRN GN�= �RD >NV\ IR+NN[ IRG\ND[NVD GK SNM -VI�N�NVD HVD >NV\GZQ GNV F��NRN QVXV GV

I\� �G IRNV�N /GKH FXN OGUN J6$ �V -VI�N�ND J6D� ÑGÐ cDSV �N QCI�9 IRG\ND[� Ñ>NÐ HZG �RD

FI�NM� Ñ[Ð HNXIOG �L OV IRG\ND[� YN6M Ñ[Ð NNMKIMG �L OV IRG\ND[$

���� EO ^NV HVD GNVSNVD �NXK >NV\ L]IN^NGNVD GK +NNMK GHK J6$ JN\ HVD >NV\ IR+NN[ GV ON)N

JTE= F6%G HVD �NVWXN YN�NV[ XV OT!NR IQ�N )NN IG >NV\ L]IN^NG LZRNV=¿NM ^NV OV JK@ ODIRQN GV

YN�NNM LM@ IX�T'U IG� WN�D UNIG RV I>N\NI0��NVD GV Y31V L]QN=X GNV OTIXISU GMXV GV I\�

PXHVD YI�NG IQ\S/LK \VD$ LZRNV=¿NM ^NV GNV >NV\ ODR�N=X GV I\� YN[V +NK IRNV�N OTIR�NN�D

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