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A) 9, ", $

B) 5, #, %

C) 3, 4, #

D) 1, $, 5

) 3, %, "

4

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5( Which numbers do indicate the pia mater, ibrous astroc*te and

oli&odendroc*te?

A) $, 5, #

B) 1, 3, #

C) 3, 4, 5

D) $, 3, %

E) 1, 4, %

5

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#( Which numbers do indicate the dura mater, pia mater and the anterior

unicle?

A) 1, 3, 4

B) 1, $, "

C) 3, 4, 9

D) 3, $, %

) $, 3, #

#

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%( Which numbers do indicate the +hite matter, central channel and cells

o anterior horn?

A) $, 4, "

B) 3, #, %

C) 4, 3, 5

D) 3, #, "

) 1, $, 5

%

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9( Which numbers do indicate the anterior horn, intermediomedial

nucleus and the central canal?

A) ", 1-, 11

B) 4, 9, 1-

C) %, 1-, 11

D) #, %, 1-

) 3, 5, #

9

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1-(Which numbers do indicate the sheath o posterior root and capsule o

ganglion?

A) $, 4, "

B) 1, 3, #

C) 4, 5, %

D) $, 3, 5

) 3, %, "

1-

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1$(Which numbers do indicate the unm*elinated ner'e ibers, peric*te

and neurolemmoc*te?

A) 3, 5, %

B) 5, %, "

C) $, 4, 9

D) 1, $, 4

) 3, #, 1-

1$

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13( Which numbers do indicate the anterior root, epineurium and endoneurium?

A) $, 3, 5

B) 1, 4, #

C) #, %, 1-

D) 3, 5, 11

) ", 1-, 1$

13

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14(B* +hich structure is lined a central canal o spinal cord?

a( epend*mal cells

b( astroc*tes

c( epithelioc*tesd( microglial cells

e( endothelial cells

15(Which elements are recei'ed b* dorsal horns o the spinal cord?

a( central processes o the sensor* neurons +hose cell bodies lie in the dorsal

root ganglion

b( peripheral processes o the sensor* neurons +hose cell bodies lie in the

dorsal root ganglion

c( Cell bodies o interneurons and motor neuronsd( .here is no correct ans+er

e( processes o the multipolar motor neurons

1#(Which statement is true about the dura mater co'ering the brain?

a( /t is a dense, collagenous connecti'e tissue composed o t+o la*ers

b( /t is a dense, collagenous connecti'e tissue composed o one la*er

c( /t is a loose, collagenous connecti'e tissue composed o t+o la*ers

d( /t is reticular tissue composed o t+o la*ers

e( .here is no correct ans+er

1%(Choose the correct statement

a( 0eriosteal dura mater, the outer la*er, is composed o osteoprogenitor

cells, ibroblasts, and organied bundles o collagen ibers

b( 2eningeal dura mater, the outer la*er, is composed o osteoprogenitor

cells, ibroblasts, and organied bundles o collagen ibers

c( 0eriosteal dura mater closel* attached to the inner surace o the sull,

e!cept at the sutures and base o the sull, +here the attachment is

loose

d( 0eriosteal dura mater ser'es as the periosteum o the outer surace o

the sull, and as such it is not 'ascularied

e( entral horns o the spinal cord, +hich house cell bodies o largesensor* neurons +hose a!ons e!it the spinal cord 'ia the 'entral roots(

1"( o+ are ner'e cell bodies o autonomic ganglia b* deinition?

a( motor in unction because the* cause smooth or cardiac muscle contraction

b( sensor in unction because the* cause smooth or cardiac muscle sensation

c( sensor in unction because the* cause glandular secretion(

d( there is no correct ans+er

e( /nterneurons because the* pro'ide communications

19( Where are s*napsed preganglionic s*mpathetic ibers in the s*mpathetics*stem?

14

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a( postganglionic s*mpathetic cell bodies in the s*mpathetic ganglia located in

the s*mpathetic chain ganglia

b( postganglionic paras*mpathetic cell bodies in the s*mpathetic ganglia

located in the s*mpathetic chain ganglia

c( postganglionic paras*mpathetic cell bodies in the s*mpathetic ganglia

located in the paras*mpathetic chain gangliad( postganglionic paras*mpathetic cell bodies in the s*mpathetic ganglia

located in the collateral ganglia

e( .here is no correct ans+er

$-( Where are distributed the postganglionic s*mpathetic ner'es originating in the

ganglia?

a( distributed b* peripheral ner'es that the* 6oin ater e!iting the ganglia(

b( nter the brain

c( nter the spinal cord

d( terminate in the seletal muscle that the* inner'atee( .here is no correct ans+er

$1( With +hich cranial ner'es are associated sensor* ganglia?

a( , //, /7, and 7

b( ///, /, /, and 7//

c( /, , // and 7/

d( ///, /, / and 7/

e( ///, , / and 7

$$( Where is ound the spinal dura mater?

a( rom the oramen magnum to the second segment o the sacrum

b( rom the oramen 8usha to the second segment o the coccigeum

c( rom the oramen magnum to the third segment o the sacrum

d( rom the second cer'ical segment to the second lumbar segment

e( rom the oramen par'um to the irst lumbar segment

$3( What is the choroid ple!us?

a( olds o pia mater housing an abundance o enestrated capillaries

b( olds o arachnoid mater housing an abundance o enestrated

capillaries

c( olds o pia mater housing an abundance o sinusoidal capillariesd( olds o epend*mal cells housing an abundance o enestrated

capillaries

e( olds o choroidea housing an abundance o continuous capillaries

$4( Where is the choroid ple!us located?

1( /n ourth 'entricle o the brain

$( /n lateral 'entricle o the brain

3( /n 'ascular tunic o the e*e

4( /n central channel o the spinal cord

5( /nside o the arachnoid matter#( /n third 'entricle o the brain

a( 1, $, #

15

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b( 1, $, 4

c( $, 4, 5

d( 1, 4, #

e( 1, $, 3

$5( Which elements belong to +hite matter?1( aggregations o neuronal cell bodies

$( m*elinated ner'e ibers

3( some unm*elinated ibers

4( neuroglial cells

5( pericar*ons o neurons

#( large number o unm*elinated ibers

a( $, 3, 4

b( 1, $, 3

c( 1, 4, 5d( 1, 3, #

e( $, 4, #

$#( What o the ollo+ing is a'ascular?

a( the arachnoid la*er o the meninges

b( the epineurium o peripheral ner'es

c( the endoneurium o peripheral ner'es

d( the dura mater o the meninges

e( there is no correct ans+er

$%( What is not ound bet+een the ibroblasts o arachnoid?

a( .ight 6unctions

b( gap 6unctions

c( desmosomes

d( there is no correct ans+er

e( adherent 6unctions

$"( What is located inside o meningeal dura mater?

1( ibroblasts displa*ing darstaining c*toplasm$( sheetlie la*ers o ine collagen ibers

3( small blood 'essels(

4( loose net+or o reticular ibers

5( m*oibroblasts displa*ing lightstaining c*toplasm

a( 1, $, 3

b( $, 3, 5

c( $, 3, 4

d( 1, 3, 4

e( 1, 4, 5

$9( Which elements belong to gra* matter?

1#

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1( m*elinated ner'e ibers

$( aggregations o neuronal cell bodies

3( unm*elinated portions o a!ons

4( neuroglial cells

5( corticospinal ibers

a( $, 3, 4b( 1, $, 5

c( 1, $, 4

d( $, 4, 5

e( 1, $, 3

3-( What is located inside o periosteal dura mater?

1( loose net+or o elastic ibers

$( osteoprogenitor cells

3( ibroblasts

4( organied bundles o collagen ibers5( loose net+or o reticular ibers

#( m*oibroblasts

a( $, 3, 4

b( 1, 3, #

c( 1, $, 4

d( $, 4, 5

e( 3, 4, #

31( What o the ollo+ing is not correct regarding the C:?

a( /t is replaced its total 'olume about one time dail*

b( /t is produced at the rate o about 14 to 3# m8;hour

c( /t ma* contain a e+ des&uamated

d( it is lo+ in protein but rich in sodium and chloride ions

e( /t is clear and has a lo+ densit*

3$( Which elements are located inside o neuropil?

a( tangled net+or o a!ons, dendrites, and neuroglial processes

b( aggregations o neuron cell bodies embedded in +hite matter

c( ganglia o the peripheral ner'ous s*stem

d( cell bod* o neuron

e( processes o neuroglial cells33( What is located inside the nuclei o dorsal hornes o spinal cord?

a( aggregations o cell bodies o sensor* neurons

b( aggregations o cell bodies o motor neurons

c( aggregations o ner'e ibers and collagen ibers

d( tangled net+or o a!ons, dendrites and elastic ibers

e( :h+ann cells and oligodendroc*tes

34( What is located inside o the border cell la*er o dura mater?

a( A la*er o cells internal to the meningeal dura mater, composed o lattened

ibroblastsb( A la*er o cells e!ternal to the meningeal dura mater, composed o lattened

ibroblasts

1%

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#( astroc*tes

a( 1, 3, 5, #

b( 1, $, 3, #

c( 1, $, 3, 4

d( $, 3, 4, 5

e( 1, 4, 5, #41( With +hich ner'es are associated the sensor* ganglia?

1( +ith cranial ner'e

$( +ith cranial ner'e /

3( +ith cranial ner'e /7

4( +ith cranial ner'e 7

5( +ith each o the spinal ner'es

#( +ith cranial ner'e ///

a( 1, 3, 4, 5

b( 1, $, 3, 5c( 1, 3, 5, #

d( $, 3, 4, 5

e( $, 4, 5, #

4$( /denti* the correct e!planation o spinal ganglia(

a( .heir cells are en'eloped b* cuboidal capsule cells

b( .heir cells are en'eloped b* columnar capsule cells

c( .he* are also called dorsal roo ganglia

d( .he* house pseudounipolar cell bodies o the motor

ner'es

e( .he* house multipolar cell bodies o the motor

ner'es

43( What o the ollo+ing surround neurons in dorsal root ganglia?

a( the capsule cells, satellite cells and collagen

b( the epineural cells, oligodendrogli*a and collagen

c( the capsule cells, peric*tes and collagen

d( the epithelial cells, satellite cells and elastin

e( the smooth muscle cells, glial cells and collagen

44( Where do the central processes o neurons in dorsal roo ganglia pass?

a( to the spinal cord +ithin the spinal ner'esb( to the peripheral organs +ithin the spinal ner'es

c( to the peripheral organs +ithin the cranial ner'es

d( to the 2e*sner=s ner'e ple!us

e( to the Auerbach=s ner'e ple!us

45( Where are located the neurons peripheral processes o +hich transduce

inormation rom the e!ternal en'ironment?

a( dorsal root ganglia

b( 'entral root ganglia

c( 'entral horn o spinal cordd( autonomic ganglia

e( Auerbach=s ner'e ple!us

19

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4#( Which numbers do indicate the lamina propria, 'enule and elements o

submucosal ple!us?

A) $, #, 5

B) 4, #, 5

C) %, 3, 4

D) 1, 3, 5

) 1, $, 5

$-

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4%( Which numbers do indicate the submucosa, 'enule and ner'e ibers?

A) 1, 4, 5

B) 3, #, %

C) $, 3, 4

D) 3, 4, 5) $, 5, #

4"( Where does the somatic ner'ous s*stem pro'ide motor impulses?

a( :*nergistic muscles

b( smooth muscles

c( there is no correct ans+er

d( secretor* cells o the e!ocrine glands

e( secretor* cells o the endocrine glands

49( What is not characteristic to the s*mpathetic ner'ous s*stem?

a( constricts the pupils o the e*esb( increase respiration

c( increase blood pressure

$1

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d( increase heart rate

e( dilating pupils o the e*es

5-( What is not characteristic to the paras*mpathetic ner'ous s*stem?

a( dilating pupils o the e*es

b( constricts the pupils o the e*es

c( decrease respirationd( decrease blood pressure

e( decrease heart rate

51( What is characteristic to the paras*mpathetic ner'ous s*stem?

a( increases the actions o the 'isceral s*stem

b( increase respiration

c( increase blood pressure

d( increase heart rate

e( dilating pupils o the e*es

5$( What is broadl* considered to unction in 'asoconstriction?a( s*mpathetic ner'ous s*stem

b( paras*mpathetic ner'ous s*stem

c( somatic ner'ous s*stem

d( enteric ner'ous s*stem


53( What is broadl* considered to be secretomotor in unction?

a( paras*mpathetic ner'ous s*stem

b( s*mpathetic ner'ous s*stem

c( somatic ner'ous s*stem

d( enteric ner'ous s*stem


54( o+ are the postganglionic neurons?

a( multipolar

b( unipolar

c( bipolar

d( pseudounipolar


55( Which ibers are unm*elinated?

a( 0ostganglionic ibers o s*mpathetic ner'ous s*stemb( 0ostganglionic ibers o paras*mpathetic ner'ous s*stem

c( 0reganglionic ibers o s*mpathetic ner'ous s*stem

d( 0reganglionic ibers o paras*mpathetic ner'ous s*stem

e( 0ostganglionic ibers o somatic ner'ous s*stem

5#( Where is the acet*lcholine main neurotransmitter?

1( bet+een preganglionic and postganglionic ibers

$( at s*napses bet+een postganglionic s*mpathetic ibers and eector organs

3( bet+een paras*mpathetic postganglionic endings and eector organs

4( at s*napses bet+een postganglionic s*mpathetic ibers and smooth musclecells

5( at s*napses on seletal muscle cells

$$

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59( Which numbers do indicate the 0urin6e cells, >olgi cells and parallel ibers?

A) $, 4, 5

B) 1, 3, #C) 4, %, "

D) 3, 5, 9

) 1, $, 9

$4

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#-( Which o the ollo+ing is ound in the cerebellum?

A( Baset cells

B( :ch+ann cells

C( >anglion

D( olgi neuronsB( Baset neurons

C( 0urin6e neurons

D( :tellate neurons

( 0*ramidal neurons

#3( Which neurons orm the eerent +a*s o cerebellar corte!?

A( 0urin6e neurons

B( Baset neurons

C( >olgi neuronsD( :tellate neurons

A( 0*ramidal neurons

#4( Cell bodies o preganglionic paras*mpathetic ner'es

A( originating in segments o the sacral spinal cord

B( housed in the chain ganglia

C( e!it the ganglia, 'ia +hite rami communicantes

D( do not reenter the peripheral ner'e or distribution

( are 0*ramidal neurons

#5( o+ is the cerebellar output in action?A( /nhibitor*

B( !citator*

C( glutamatergic

D( sensor*

(

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#%( What is the characteristic eature o cerebellar corte!?

a( inhibitor* output using >ABA as the neurotransmitter

b( e!citator* output using >ABA as the neurotransmitter

c( inhibitor* output using gl*cin as the neurotransmitter

d( inhibitor* output using glutamate as the neurotransmitter

e( e!citator* output using norepinephrine as the neurotransmitter#"(What is de'eloped rom a small mass o cells at the lateral margins o the neural

plate?

a( cells o neural tube

b( neural crest cells

c( mesoderm cells

d( angiogenic cells

e( smooth muscle cells

#9( Where are located the arachnoid 'illi?

a( /n the lumina o the dural 'enous sinusesb( /n the lumina o the pial arterious sinuses

c( /n the subarachnoid space

d( /n the subpial space

e( /n the lumina o the arachnoid 'enous sinuses

%-( What is the charasteric eature o the granular la*er o cerebellar corte!?

a( /s the deepest la*er, that consists o small granule cells and glomeruli

b( /s the middle la*er, that consists o small granule cells and glomeruli

c( /s the deepest la*er, that consists o large granule cells and baset

cells

d( /s the deepest la*er, that consists o small granule cells and 2artinotti

cells

e( /s the supericial la*er, that consists o lasshaped cells and

glomeruli

%1(What are the cerebellar islands?

a( >lomeruli

b( Astroc*tes

c( 0urin6e cells

d( .here is no correct ans+er

e( Cerebellar capillaries%$(Where does tae their origin the satellite cells o peripheral

ganglia?

a(

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b( regions o s*napses bet+een dendrites entering the cerebellum and

the granule cells(

c( regions o the cerebellar corte! +here capillaries orm a net+or

d( regions o the cerebellar corte! +here ner'e ibers originate rom

0urin6e cells

e( regions o s*napses bet+een the dendrites and a!ons o the granulecells(

%4(Which o the ollo+ing tae its origin rom the neural crest cells?

1( pithelioc*tes o the sin and oral mucosa

$( 2ost o the sensor* components o the 0

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d( 1, $, 5, #

e( 1, $, 3, #

%%( What is not unction o neuroglial cells?

1( /ntegrati'e

$( 2otor

3( :upporti'e4( 0rotecti'e

5( ecepti'e

a( 1, $, 5

b( 1, 3, 5

c( $, 4, 5

d( 1, $, 3

e( 1, $, 4

%"(What o the ollo+ing do contain the 0urin6e neurons?

a( // la*er o cerebellar corte!b( / la*er o brain corte!

c( // la*er o brain corte!

d( /// la*er cerebellar corte!

e( / la*er o brain corte!

$"

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%9( Which numbers do indicate the usiorm neuron, stellate neuron and giant

p*ramidal neuron?

A) $, 4, %

B) 3, ", 9

C) 4, 5, 1-

D) #, ", 1-

) 3, 4, 9

"-(Where are the 2artinotti cells ound?

a( Cerebral corte!

b( Cerebellar corte!

c( :pinal cord

d( :pinal ganglia

e( etina

"1( What is true concerning the 'itreous bod*?

A( a transparent, reractile gel that ills the ca'it* o the e*e

B( is composed mostl* @99) o electrol*tes containing a minute amount o

+ater, collagen ibers,

C( adheres to the sclera o'er its entire surace

D( /nclude man* mast cells

( suspended +ithin the e*e b* ibers

"$( /denti* the correct statementA( .he uture retina and the optic ner'e are irst to be obser'ed during

de'elopment

$9

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B( .he mesoderm gi'es rise to lens and 'ascular tunic o the e*e

C( 2esench*me condenses to orm the cornea

D( .he sclera and retina are irst to be obser'ed during de'elopment

( .he de'elopment o e*e begins at #th+ee o gestation

"3( Where do the e!trinsic muscles o the e*e insert?

A( :cleraB( pisclera

C( .enon=s capsule

D( 0eriorbital at

( Con6uncti'a

3-

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"4( Which numbers do indicate the la*er o ner'e ibers, outer nuclear la*er and

pigment epithelium o retina?

A) .here is no correct ans+er

B) 1-, 3, "

C) 3, ", 9

D) 5, 11, 3

) 11, 5, "

"5( Which numbers do indicate the la*er o ner'e ibers, outer nuclear la*er and

pigment epithelium o retina?

31

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A) 11, 3, "

B) 1-, 3, "

C) .here is no correct ans+er

D) 5, 11, 3

) 11, 5, "

3$

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"#( Which numbers do indicate the cons, a!ons o ganglion cells and amacrine

cells? ollo+ the true se&uence o numbers indicating those structures(

A) 1-, $, 15

B) ", $, 15

C) 11, 3, 15

D) .here is no correct ans+er

) 1$, 3, 14

33

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"#(Which numbers do indicate the striated muscle ibers and bulb o e*elash?

A) 4, %

B) 3, %

C) $, 4

D) 4, #

) .here is no correct ans+er

34

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"%(Which numbers do indicate the superior arch o con6uncti'a, endothelium o

anterior chamber and anterior chamber?

A) $, ", %

B) 1, 9, %

C) ", 9, 1-

D) %, 9, 3


35

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""(Which numbers do indicate the superior arch o con6uncti'a, endothelium o

anterior chamber and anterior chamber?


B) $, ", %

C) 1, 9, %

D) %, 9, 3

) %, 9, 3

"9(Which numbers do indicate the bon* lab*rinth, membranous spiral lamina and

cochlear duct?

3#

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A) 5, 3, %

B) ", 5, #

C) 4, %, "

D) 5, 3, #


3%

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A) 9, 7, 6

B) 1, 3, 7

C) 4, 7, 6

D) 2, 6, 7

E) .here is no correct ans+er

39

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9$( Which numbers do indicate the pillar epithelial cells, inner hair cells and

columnar e!ternal limiting cell?

A) ", 5, $

B) 1, 3, 5

C) $, ", 1

D) #, 3, %


4-

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93(Which numbers do indicate the osseus spiral lamina, spiral ganglion and

'estibular @eissner=s) membrane?

A) 9, 1-, $

B) 1, 9, 1-

C) $, 4, 9

D) $, ", 1-


94(Which numbers do indicate the 'estibular @eissner=s) membrane, spiral

ganglion and osseus spiral lamina? ollo+ the true se&uence o sho+n elements

A) $, 9, 1-,

B) 5, ", 9C) ", 9, 1-

D) $, %, 1-

41

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) there is no correct ans+er

4$

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95(Which numbers do indicate the endol*mph, semicircular duct and //t*pe

'estibular hair cells?

A) 3, 1, #

B) 1, #, $

43

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C) 4, 3, 1

D) #, 5, 3


44

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9#(Which numbers do indicate the //t*pe 'estibular hair cells, gl*coprotein la*er

o otolitic membrane and 'estibular supporting cells?

A) %, 4, 5B) $, 5, %

C) 3, #, 5

D) 4, #, %


45

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97..o +hich t*pe o receptors belong the taste and olactor* organs?

A( !teroceptors

B( /nteroceptors

C( /ntraceptors

D( 0roprioceptors

( Both /ntra and 0roprioceptors9"( Which o the ollo+ing is not the modalit* o e!teroceptors?

A( general 'isceral aerent

B( general somatic aerent

C( special somatic aerent

D( special 'isceral aerent

( eceptors or olaction

99( Which modalit* does ser'e the organ o smell?

A( special 'isceral aerent

B( general 'isceral aerentC( general somatic aerent

D( special somatic aerent

( special 'isceral eerent

1--( Which o the ollo+ing is co'ered b* olactor* epithelium?

1) 'estibule o the nasal ca'it*

$) posterior regions o the nasal ca'it*

3) the roo o the nasal ca'it*

4) the superior aspect o the nasal septum

5) the superior concha

#) the root o the nasal ca'it*

%) the middle concha

A( 3, 4, 5

B( 1, $, %

C( 1, 3, 5

D( $, 3, 4

( 3, 4, %

1-1( What is not located in the underl*ing lamina propria o olactor* epithelium?

1) serous luidsecreting Bo+mans glands

$) a rich 'ascular ple!us3) collections o a!ons

4) mucou luidsecreting Bo+mans glands

5) serous luidsecreting Brunners glands

#) collections o neuronal cell bodies and a!ons

A( 1, $, 3

B( 1, $, 5

C( 1, 3, 5

D( $, 3, #

( $, 4, #

4#

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11$( With +hich cells are not ormed s*naptic 6unctions o ner'e ibers entering the

taste bud?

A( t*pe / cells

B( t*pe /

C( t*pe //D( t*pe /// cells

( dar cells

113( What +ere noted as taste hairs +ith the light microscope?

A( long, slender micro'illi that protrude rom the taste pore

B( long, slender stereocilia that protrude rom the taste pore

C( short, slender cilia that protrude rom the taste pore

D( short, slender micro'illi that protrude rom the taste glands

( long, nonmotile cilia that protrude rom the taste buds114( What o these glands do release their secret at the base o circum'allate

papillae?

A( glands o 'on bner

B( glands o 'on Willebrand

C( glands o 'on Brunner

D( glands o Bo+man

( glands o 0urin6e

115( Which sides o the circum'allate papillae do not contain the taste buds ?

A( the dorsum o these papillae

B( epithelial lining o the groo'e around them

C( epithelial lining o the side o them

D( epithelial lining o the base o the groo'e

( the lateral suraces o these papillae

11#( What are the taste buds?

A( intraepithelial sensor* organs

B( e!traepithelial sensor* organs

C( intramural sensor* organs

D( intrausal sensor* organs

( e!tracapsular organs o sence11%( What does protrude rom the taste pore ?

A( long, slender micro'illi

B( ner'e ibers entering the taste bud

C( s*naptic 6unctions +ith t*pe /, t*pe //, and t*pe /// cells

D( long, slender and numerous cilia

( long, slender stereocilia

11"( What does orm the taste pore?

A( the s&uamous epithelial cells that o'erlie the taste bud

B( the s&uamous m*oepithelial cells that o'erlie the taste budC( the columnar epithelial cells that o'erlie the taste bud

D( the s&uamous epithelial cells that underlie the taste bud

49

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( the cuboidal epithelial cells that o'erlie the taste organ

119( What is the taste pore?

A( .he part o taste bud

B( .he opening at the ape! o lingual tonsil

C( .he micro'illi o neuroepithelial cellsD( Chemical sensation

( .aste papillae o tongue

1$-( Which cells o taste buds do not orm s*naptic 6unctions +ith ner'e ibers?

A( Basal cells

B( Dar cells

C( 8ight cells

D( /ntermediate cells

( .*pe // cells

1$1( What are the stem cells or the cells o taste buds?a( Basal cells o taste buds

b( Basal cells o papillae

c( :upporting cells o taste buds

d( :ensor* cells

e( Cells o epithelial lining o root o the tongue

1$$( Where are ound taste buds besides tongue?

a( n the sot palate and glossopalatine arch

b( Anterior surace o epiglottis

c( n the 'estibule o oral ca'it*

d( 0osterior +all o the phar*n! and lingual tonsil

e( n the hard palate

1$3( Which numbers do indicate the other stratum o epidermis, s+eat glands and

blood 'essels?

5-

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A) 3, #, 1

B) 1, 4, #

C) ", 1, #

D) $, 5, "


51

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1$4(Which numbers do indicate the reticular ibers, stratum granulosum and

melanoc*te?

A) 4, 13, #

B) 13, 3, %

C) 13, 3, #

D) 11, 4, #


5$

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1$#( Which numbers do indicate the sin ligaments, stratum spinosum and

papillar* cr*sta?

A) 1-, 3, %B) #, %, 1-

C) $, #, 1-

D) 3, #, 9


54

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1$%( Which numbers do indicate the tonoilaments, eratinosomes and

mitochondrion?


B) 3, %, 4C) 3, 5, 4

D) $, ", 5

55

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) $, 3, #

5#

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1$"(Which numbers do indicate the pigment inclusions and stratum basale?

A)

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1$9( What does attach the stratum basale cells to the basal lamina?

A( hemidesmosomes

B( desmosomes

C( onula adherence

D( ocal contacts

( anchoring cells

13-( /denti* the incorrect statement

A( eratoh*aline granules are membranecoating granules

B( .he thicest la*er o the epidermis is the stratum spinosum

C( .he basall* located eratinoc*tes in the stratum spinosum are mitoticall*

acti'e

D( .he cells in the stratum spinosum are richer in bundles o intermediate

ilaments

( Bundles called tonoibrils cause the c*toplasm to become eosinophilic

131( /denti* the incorrect statement

A( .he tonoilaments represent c*toplasmic secretor* granules

B( .he tonoilaments represent c*toeratin

C( /n the stratum spinosum bundles o tonoilaments radiate out+ard rom the

perinuclear region to+ard highl* interdigitated cellular processes

D( As eratinoc*tes mo'e to+ard the surace through the stratum spinosum,

the* continue to produce tonoilaments

( .he membranecoating granules are lamellar granules

13$( /denti* the correct statement

A( membranecoating granules release their content outside at stratum

granulosum

B( membranecoating granules release their content outside at stratum

spinosum

C( lamellar granules are nonmembranous granules that release their content

outside at stratum basalis

5"

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D( membranecoating granules contain the bundles o tonoilaments

( eratoh*aline granules house lipid substance arranged in a closel* paced,

lamellar coniguration(

133( What pro'ides ormation o i'e distinct ones o the epidermis?

A( c*tomorphosis o eratinoc*tes

B( c*tomorphosis o melanoc*tes

C( histomorphosis o eratinosomes

D( histomorphosis o sin macrophages

( c*toinesis o eratinoc*tes

134( Choose the right statement about the eratinoc*tes(

1) the* undergo mitosis at night periods o da*

$) the* undergo mitosis at light periods o da*

3) the cells abo'e continue to be pushed to+ard the surace

4) the* accumulate eratin ilaments in their ar*oplasm

5) in stratum basale the* containing basophilic c*toplasm

a) 1, 3, 5

b) 1, 4, 5

c) $, 3, 4

d) $, 3, 5

e) $, 4, 5

135( What is located inside o thic sin?1) s+eat glands

$) hair ollicles

3) arrector pili muscles

4) sebaceous glands

5) i'e epidermal la*ers

#) ducts o s+eat glands

A( 1, 5, #

B( 1, $, 3

C( 1, 3, 4D( $, 4, 5

( $, 5, #

13#( What is not located inside o thin sin?

A( i'e epidermal la*ers

B( s+eat glands

C( hair ollicles

D( arrector pili muscles

( sebaceous glands

13%( Which la*er is the thicest la*er o epidermis, +hose eratinoc*tes, no+n aspricle cells, interdigitate +ith one another b* orming intercellular bridges?

A( :tratum spinosum

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B( :tratum granulosum

C( :tratum basale

D( :tratum corneum

( :tratum lucidum

13"(( Which cells are not ound in stratum basale?

A( 8angerhans cellsB( mitoticall* acti'e cells

C( 2erel cells

D( 2elanoc*tes

( eratinoc*tes

139( What is not true about the deepest la*er o sin?

A( Contains ducts o sebaceous glands

B( include t*pe / collagen

C( include thic elastic ibers

D( include connecti'e tissue cells( contains s+eat glands and their ducts

14-( What are the tonoilaments?

A( intermediate ilaments

B( microilaments

C( microtubules

D( actin ilaments

( hemidesmosomes

141( Which 6unctions are located on the lateral cell membrane attaching stratum

basale cells to each other and to cells o the stratum spinosum?

A( Desmosomes

B( emidesmosomes

C( .ight 6unctions

D( Eonula occludence

( Eonula adherence

14$( Which unction is perormed b* the malpighian la*er?

A( responsible or the turno'er o epidermal eratinoc*tes

B( responsible or the turno'er o epidermal melanoc*tes

C( responsible or the turno'er o dermal cells

D( responsible or the turno'er o malpighian corpuscules( responsible or the turno'er o intestinal cells

143( What is represented b* tonoilaments?

A( C*toeratin

B( C*todesmin

C( Actin proteins

D( .ubulin proteins

( illagrin

144( What is not ound inside o cells o stratum spinosum?

A( eratoh*alin granulesB( .onoibrils

C( c*toplasmic secretor* granules

#-

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D( membranecoating granules

( lamellar granules

145( Where are ound dermatogl*phs?

A( /n sin o inger and toe pad suraces

B( /n sin o inger and outer surace o hands

C( /n sin o all surace o palmsD( /n sin o all surace o palms and toe pad suraces

( /n thin sin o inner suraces o palms and soles

14#( When are ormed dermatogl*phs?

A( in the etus and remain unchanged throughout lie

B( in the etus and become changed throughout lie

C( in the 5th +ee and change throughout lie

D( in the conceptus and remain unchanged throughout lie

( in the irst *ear o postnatal lie and remain unchanged throughout lie

14%( What is deposited in c*toplasmic aspect o the plasma membrane o cells inthe stratum lucidum?

A( in'olucrin

B( eratoh*line ilaments

C( eleidin

D( ceramides

( dias*lgl*serol

14"( /denti* the incorrect statement

a( eratoh*aline granules are membranecoating granules

b( .he thicest la*er o the epidermis is the stratum spinosum

c( .he basall* located eratinoc*tes in the stratum spinosum are mitoticall*

acti'e

d( .he cells in the stratum spinosum are richer in bundles o intermediate

ilaments

e( Bundles called tonoibrils cause the c*toplasm to become eosinophilic

149( /denti* the incorrect statementa( .he tonoilaments represent c*toplasmic secretor* granules

b( .he tonoilaments represent c*toeratin

c( /n the stratum spinosum bundles o tonoilaments radiate out+ard rom the

perinuclear region to+ard highl* interdigitated cellular processesd( As eratinoc*tes mo'e to+ard the surace through the stratum spinosum,

the* continue to produce tonoilaments

e( .he membranecoating granules are lamellar granules

15-( /denti* the correct statementa( membranecoating granules release their content outside at stratum

granulosum

b( membranecoating granules release their content outside at stratum

spinosum

c( lamellar granules are nonmembranous granules that release their contentoutside at stratum basalis

d( membranecoating granules contain the bundles o tonoilaments

#1

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e( eratoh*aline granules house lipid substance arranged in a closel* paced,

lamellar coniguration(

#$

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151( What is true about the e!ternal root sheath?

A( deri'ed rom the cells o basal la*er o epidermis

B( consists o three components

C( deri'ed rom the cells o hair ollicule

D( include the enles la*er

( include the cuticle

15$( What is the hal moon shaped +hite area on a nail called?

a( 8unula

b( pon*chium

c( 2atri!

d(

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15%( Which o the ollo+ing is

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A) .here is no correct ans+erB) #, 4, 1-

C) $, %, 1-

D) %, 4, 11

) 4, #, 13

#5

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1#1( Which numbers do indicate the corticotropic, simpatotropic and th*rotropic

cells o h*poph*sis?

A)

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c( :omatotropic cells

d( Corticotropic cells

e( 8actotropic cells

1#4( What t*pe o hormone is o!*tocin?

a( 0eptideb( 0rotein

c( :teroid

d( Catecholamine

e( lipid

1#5( Where is antidiuretic hormone @AD) secreted rom?

a( onadoliberin

( Corticoloberin

1#%( Which hormone receptors do not use > proteins to acti'ate a second messenger?

A( :

B( pinephrineC( th*roidstimulating hormone

D( serotonin

( .:

1#"( What 'essels are ound in the median eminence?

A( primar* capillar* ple!us

B( /nerior h*poph*seal arteries

C( 0osterior h*poph*seal arteries

D( :econdar* capillar* ple!us

( /nundibular artheries

1#9( Which 'essels drain the primar* capillar* ple!us?

A( *poph*seal portal 'eins

#%

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b( .he* are taen b* the inerior h*poph*seal artheries and deli'ered to the

secondar* capillar* bed

c( .he* are taen b* the h*poph*seal portal s*stem and deli'ered to the

primar* capillar* bed

d( .he* are taen b* the h*pothalamic portal s*stem and deli'ered to the

secondar* capillar* bede( .he* are deli'ered to the capillar* bed o epiphisis

1%9( Choose the alse description(

a( 2an* o the hormones that circulate in the bloodstream are in o'ersuppl*

b( 2an* o the hormones that circulate in the e!tracellular luid are in

o'ersuppl*

c( e+ o the hormones that circulate in the bloodstream are in o'ersuppl*

d( 2an* o the hormones that circulate in the bloodstream are in limited suppl*

e( 2an* o the c*toines are reabsorbed rom the bloodstream

1"-( Which organ does produce the ollitropin?

( Adenoh*poph*sis

g( 2edian eminence

h( 0ars tuberalis

i( /nundibulum

6( *pothalamus

1"1( Which organ does produce the liberins?

a( 2edial portion o h*pothalamus

b( 2edian eminence

c( Adenoh*poph*sis

d( :opraoptic nucleus o h*pothalamus

e( 0arath*roid gland

1"$( Where is the somatoliberine released?

A( the primar* capillar* ple!us o the median eminence

B( the secondar* capillar* ple!us, located in the pars distalis

C( the primar* capillar* ple!us, located in the pars distalis

D( the primar* capillar* ple!us o the pars tuberalis

( the secondar* capillar* ple!us o the median eminence

%-

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1"3(Which numbers do indicate the contact line o cells, collection o gl*cogen

and mitochondria?

A) #, 3, 5

B) 3, 5, "

C) 3, 4, 5

D) ", 3, 4


1"4(( Which t*pe is in'ol'ed in the secretion o th*roglobulin?

A( ollicular cells

B( !*philic cells

C( 0araollicular cells

D( 0rincipal cells

( Chromain cells

%1

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1"5( Which t*pe is in'ol'ed in the secretion o calsotonin?

A( 0araollicular cells

B( ollicular cells

C( !*philic cells

D( 0rincipal cells

( Chromain cells

1"#( What is not true concerning the ollicular cells o th*roid gland?

A( ha'e a round to o'oid nucleus +ith t+o nucleoli and o!*philic c*toplasm

B( ha'e a round to o'oid nucleus +ith t+o nucleoli and basophilic

c*toplasm

C( ha'e numerous apicall* located cilia

D( numerous short stereocilia that e!tend into the colloid

( under the control o .:

1"%( What is taen place during production o th*roid hormones?

A( /odide is acti'el* transported 'ia sodium;iodide s*mportersB( /odide is acti'el* transported 'ia potassium;iodide s*mporters

C( /odide is passi'el* transported 'ia sodium channels

D( /odide is passi'el* transported 'ia calsium channels

( /odide is acti'el* transported 'ia sodium;potassium s*mporters

1""( What is true about the iodide o!idation in th*roid?

A( occurs b* the en*me th*roid pero!idase

B( re&uires the presence o h*drogen ions

C( re&uires the presence o :

D( re&uires the presence o argentum pero!ide @$$)

( re&uires the presence o th*roid decarbo!*lase

1"9( o+ are ormed the triiodinated and tetraiodinated t*rosines?

%$

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A( b* the coupling o an 2/. and a D/. or o t+o D/.s, respecti'el*(

B( during production o th*roglobulin in secondar* l*sosomes

C( in the o paraollicular cells

D( b* the coupling o iodine +ith aminoacid th*rosin and a D/.

( b* the coupling o an 2/. and th*rosin

19-( rom +hich source do de'elop the th*roid gland?

A( .hird branchial pouch

B( irst branchial pouch

C( ith branchial pouch

D( 2esodermal germ la*er

( ctoderm germ la*er

191( Where is tae place the iodination o th*roglobulin?

A( /n the colloid at the apical surace o th*roc*tes

B( /n the colloid at the basal surace o th*roc*tes

C( /n deep parts o colloid

D( /nside the Ccells

( /n the >olgi apparatus o th*roc*tes

19$( When is tae place the resorption o colloid?

A( /n response to .:B( /n response to iodine

C( /n response to :

D( /n response to 8

( /n response to th*ro!inbinding protein

193( Which cells are largest cells o th*roid gland?

A( 0araollicular cells

%3

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B( .h*roc*tes

C( 0eric*tes

D( ibroc*tes

( .l*mphoc*tes

194( Where is the th*roglobulin s*nthesied?

a( on ribosomes o the o ollicular cells

b( on ribosomes o the o o!*philic cells

c( in the >olgi comple! o paraollicular cells

d( in the secretor* 'esicles o ollicular cells

e( in the : and >olgi comple! o o!*philic cells

195( Where is the th*roglobulin gl*cos*lated?

a( in the and the >olgi apparatus o ollicular cellsb( in the and the >olgi apparatus o o!*philic cells

c( in the >olgi comple! o chie cells

d( in the secretor* 'esicles o paraollicular cells

e( in the >olgi comple! o o!*philic cells

19#( Which origin ha'e parath*roid glands?

A( rom third and orth branchial pouch

B( rom ith branchial pouch

C( rom ectoderm germ la*er

D( rom neural crest

( rom mesoderm germ la*er

19%( Which cells o parath*roid do contain high amount o mitochondria?

A( !*phil cellB( 0rincipal cell

C( 0araollicular cells

D( ollicular cells

( Chromain cells

19"( Deicienc* o +hich hormone ma* lead to titanic contractions?

A( 0arathormone

%4

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B( Calsitonin

C( .h*ro!in

D( .:

( 2ineralocorticoids

199( o+ is the parathormone production regulated?

a( B* the serum calsium le'el

b( B* the AC.

c( B* the h*pophiseal hormones

d( B* the h*pothalamic hormones

e( B* the bone calsium le'el

$--( Which hormone does rapidl* lo+er blood calsium le'el?

a( Calsitonin

b( 0arathormone

c( .h*ro!in

d( .:

e( 2ineralocorticoids

$-1( Where is the precursor, preproparath*roid hormone, is s*nthesied?

a( on ribosomes o the o chie cells

b( on ribosomes o the o o!*philic cells

c( on ribosomes o the o pituic*tes

d( on >olgi comple! o chie cells

e( on pero!isomes o interstitial cells

$-$( Where are the proparath*roid hormone and a pol*peptide ormed?

a( /n the lumen o the o chie cells

b( /n the lumen o the o o!*philic cells

c( on ribosomes o the o pituic*tes

d( on >olgi comple! o chie cells


$-3( Where is the proparath*roid hormone clea'ed into 0. and a small

pol*peptide?

a( in the >olgi comple! o chie cells

%5

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b( /n the lumen o the o chie cells

c( /n the lumen o the o o!*philic cells

d( on ribosomes o the o pituic*tes


$-4( Which numbers do indicate the medullar*

capillaries, cortical arteriole and sinusoid

capillar*?

%#

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A) $, #, 3

B) 1, 3, #

C) $, 3, 5

D) $, 4, #


%%

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$-5(/denti* the incorrect statement

A( Arteries arising rom adrenal medulla orm a net+or o enestrated

capillaries in the cortical parench*ma

B( :mall 'enules arising rom adrenal corte! pass through the suprarenalmedulla(

C( :hort cortical arteries arising rom subcapsular ple!us orm a

net+or o capillaries in the cortical parench*ma(

D( .he right suprarenal 'ein 6oins the inerior 'ena ca'a, and the let

suprarenal 'ein drains into the let renal 'ein(

( superior suprarenal arteries originate rom the inerior phrenic arteries

$-#( Which cells do secrete glucocorticoids?

A( Cells o ona asciculata

B( Chromain cellsC( Cells o ona reticularis

D( Corticotropoc*tes

( 0arietal cells

$-%( Which cell t*pe is ound in the adrenal medulla?

A( Chromain cells

B( 0rincipal cell

C( !*phil cell

D( 0araollicular cells

( ollicular cells

$-"( Which o the ollo+ing is the middle la*er o the adrenal corte!?

A( Eona asciculata

B( Chromain cells

C( Eona reticularis

D( Eona glomerulosa

( Eona supericialis

$-9( elease o the catecholamins rom chromain cells is

induced b*

A( :timulation o the s*mpathetic ganglion cells in the suprarenalmedulla

B( elease o aset*lcholine rom postganglionic s*mpathetic ner'e ibers

C( elease o aset*lcholine rom ganglion cells

D( :timulation o the sensor* ner'e endings

( :timulation o the paras*mpathetic ner'e

$1-( rom +hich source do originate the suprarenal medulla?

A( rom neural crest cells

B( rom mesoderm

C( rom ectodermD( rom parietal la*er o lateral mesoderm

( rom entoderm

%"

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$11( rom +hich substance are produced adrenocortical hormones?

A( Cholesterol

B( .h*ro!in

C( .h*rosin

D( :erotonin

( dophamin212( Which t*pes o muscle cells are not ound inside o m*ocardium?

1( .hose belonging to ibrous cardiac seleton

$( .hose +hich attach the m*ocardium to the ibrous

seleton

3( .hose specialied or endocrine secretions

4( .hose specialied or immune unction

5( .hose specialied or impulse conduction

#( .hose specialied or e!ocrine secretions

a( 1, 4, #b( 1, $, 3

c( $, 3, 4

d( 3, 4, #

e( 3, 5, #

$13( Where is located the sinoatrial node?

a( at the 6unction o the superior 'ena ca'a and the right atrium

b( at the 6unction o the inerior 'ena ca'a and the right atrium

c( at the 6unction o the superior 'ena ca'a and the let atrium

d( at the 6unction o the superior 'ena ca'a and the right 'entricle

e( at the 6unction o the superior 'ena ca'a and the subcla'ian 'ein

$14( o+ does spread the impulse creating b* sinoatrial node?

a( /t spreads o'er the atrial chamber +alls b* internodal path+a*s

b( /t spreads o'er the 'entricular chamber +alls b* internodal path+a*s

c( /t spreads o'er the atrial chamber +alls b* inter'entricular path+a*s

d( /t spreads o'er the 'ena ca'a +alls b* internodal path+a*s

e( /t spreads o'er the aorta +alls b* interascicular path+a*s

$15( Where are the 0urin6e ibers located?

a( at the ape! o the heart

b( in the cerebellar corte!c( in the interatrial septum

d( in the autonomic ner'ous s*stem

e( at the base o the heart

$1#( o+ does the s*mpathetic ner'ous s*stem inluence heartbeat?

a( modulate the rate and stroe 'olume o the heartbeat

b( initiate the heartbeat

c( maintain electrol*te balance in cardiac cells

d( initiate the contraction o atria

e( ha'e not an* inluence on heartbeat$1%( Which substances are produced rom cardiac muscle cells?

1( atriopeptin

%9

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$( atrial natriuretic pol*peptide

3( cardiodilatin

4( cardionatrin

5( cardiocalsin

#( cardioprotein

a( 1, $, 3, 4b( 1, $, 5, #

c( $, 4, 5, #

d( 1, $, 3, 5

e( 1, 4, 5, #

$1"( What are not components o the cardiac seleton?

1( .he annuli ibrosi

$( .he annuli 'entriculi

3( .he trigonum ibrosum

4( .he trigonum annulosum5( .he septum membranaceum

#( .he septum ibrosum

a( $, 4, #

b( 1, $, 4

c( $, 4, 5

d( 1, $, 5

e( 1, 3, #

$19( /n +hich part o heart is ormed the annuli ibrosi?

a( around the base o the aorta, pulmonar* arter*, and the atrio'entricular

oriices

b( in the 'icinit* o the cuspal area o the aortic 'al'e

c( in around the 'icinit* o the sinoatrial node

d( in around upper portion o the inter'entricular septum

e( in upper portion o the interatrial septum

$$-( /n +hich part o heart is ormed the trigonum ibrosum?

a( primaril* in the 'icinit* o the cuspal area o the aortic 'al'e

b( around the base o the aorta, pulmonar* arter*, and the atrio'entricular

oriices

c( in around the 'icinit* o the sinoatrial node

d( in around upper portion o the inter'entricular septum

e( in upper portion o the interatrial septum

$$1( Which action has the atriopeptin?

a( luid maintenance, electrol*te balance and decrease blood pressureb( luid production, electrol*te balance and decrease blood pressure

"-

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c( luid release, electrol*te balance and increase blood pressure

d( contraction o atria and decrease blood pressure

e( production o peptides and increase blood pressure

$$$( Where does the atrial natriuretic pol*peptide released?

a( into the surrounding capillaries

b( into the surrounding l*mphatic 'essels

c( into the lumen o atria

d( into the lumen o 'entricles

e( into the intestine

$$3( Which numbers do indicate the tunica media o 'ein, tunica media o arter*

andtunica ad'entitia o 'ein?

"1

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A) %, $, 3

B) ", $( 4

C) %, 1, 3D) 4, $, %


"$

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$$5( Which numbers do indicate the arteriole, l*mphatic 'al'es and

collecting 'enules?

A) 3, 9, %

B) 4, 9, %

C) 3, 1-, 9

D) $, 1-, %


"4

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$$%( Which numbers do indicate the 'enules, leuoc*tes and

l*mphatic capillaries?

A) 4, $, 1

B) #, $, 1

C) 1, $, 3

D) 3, 4, 5


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$$"( What are the common carotid arter* and the subcla'ian arter* in unction?

a( conducting arteries

b( muscular arteries

c( mi!ed arteries

d( distributing arteriese( ibrous arteries

$$9 Which elemnts are ound in the tunica intima o muscular artheries?

1( enestrated membranes

$( ndothelium

3( basal lamina

4( subendothelial la*er

5( thic internal elastic lamina

#( stereocilia

a( $, 3, 4, 5

b( 1, $, 3, 4

c( $, 3, 5, #

d( 1, $, 3, 5

e( 1, $, 3, #

$3-( /n +hich 'essels +alls are *ello+ in the resh state because o the elastin

abundance?

a( carotid arter*

b( emoral arter*

c( ulnar arther*

d( Brachial arther*

e( Brachial 'ein

$31( /n +hich part o 'essel are the ibroelastic connecti'e tissue +ith 'asa

'asorumG l*mphatic 'essels and ner'e ibers ound?

a( .unica ad'entitia

b( .unica intima

c( .unica media

d( :ubendothelial la*er

e( 2*oelastic la*er$3$( Which t*pe o 6unctions are mostl* ound bet+een the endothelial cells?

a( occluding 6unctions

b( adherent 6unctions

c( desmosomes

d( communicating 6unctions

e( macula adherence

$33( What are not unctions o endothelial cells in arterial +all?

1( transport o +ater, macromolecules, and electrol*tes

$( production o gl*coprotein 'on Willebrand actor3( production o tripsin

4( production o neurotransmitters

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c( tunica media o the ulnar 'eins

d( tunica ad'entitia o the elastic arteries

e( tunica intima o the muscular artheries

$3"( Which cells do produce the e!tracellular matri! in the tunica media o

artheries?

a( smooth muscle cellsb( endothelial cells

c( ibroblasts

d( endocrine cells

e( e!ocrine cells

$39( Which elements do include the tunica media o muscular artheries?

1( chondroitin sulate

$( collagen ibers

3( reticular ibers

4( basal lamina5( elastin ibers

#( enestrated memranes

%( heparane sulate

a( 1, $, 3, 5

b( 1, $, 4, #

c( 1, $, 4, 5

d( $, 3, 5, #

e( 1, 4, 5, #

$4-( What is a thoroughare +hich is a an intermediate bet+een an arteriole and

capillar*?

a( 2etarteriole

b( 2etarter*

c( 2et'enule

d( 2etcapillar*

e( postcapillar*

$41( Which o the ollo+ing is a distinct structure ound speciicall*in the li'er, spleen, and bone marro+?

a( :inusoidal capillaries

b( enestrated capillaries

c( Continuous capillaries

d( A anastomoses

e( enous sinus

$4$( What are +ide, lea* capillaries called?

a( :inusoidal capillaries

b( enestrated capillariesc( Continuous capillaries

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d( A anastomoses

e( enous sinus

$43( Which structure has one or t+o la*ers o muscle in the tunica media?

a( Arteriole

b( Capillar*

c( enuled( lastic arter*

e( 2uscular arter*

$44( ( Which numbers do indicate the connecti'e tissue elements, tight 6unction and

peripheral parts o endothelial cells?

A) 4, 3, 5

B)

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A) #, 4, 5

B) 3, 4, #

C) #, 5, 3

D) 4, 5, 3

)

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d( A anastomoses

e( enous sinus

$4"( Which one o the ollo+ing is a pluripotential cell that is pre'alent around

post capillar* 'enules?

a( 0eric*te

b( ndothelial cellc( ibroblast

d( istioc*te

e( 2acrophage

$49( o+ is the blood lo+ rom the arterial s*stem controlled?

A( B* the smooth muscle cells in the +all o metarterioles

B( B* the smooth muscle cells in the +all o 'enules

C( B* the smooth muscle cells in the +all o sinusoidal capillaries

D( B* the smooth muscle cells in the +all o enestrated capillaries

( All o the abo'e

$5-( What is the thoroughare channel?

A( essel +ithout precapillar* sphincters

B( orm the pro!imal portion o the metarterioles

C( empt* the blood into l*mphatic capillaries

D( small 'enules o the 'enous s*stem

( transition bet+een the arther* and 'enules

$51( What are 'asa 'asorum?

a( Blood 'essels

b( al'esc( asopressin secreting cells

d(

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A( small 'eins

B( small artheries

C( artherioles

D( capillaries

( 'ena ca'a superior

$5%( /denti* the incorrect statement

A( .he blood rom the capillar* bed is drained to the small 'eins

B( .he muscular and elastic la*ers in 'eins are not +ell de'eloped as in

artheries

C( .he connecti'e tissue components in 'eins are more pronounced than inartheries

D( /n certain areas o the bod* the 'eins ha'e little or no smooth muscle in their

+all

( .he tunica and media in the +all o 'eins are not distinguishable

$5"( What is true about the +alls o postcapillar* 'enules?

A( Composed o endothelial cells, surrounded b* reticular ibers andperic*tes

B( Contain smooth muscle cells

C( Contain tunica media +ith high amount o elastic ibers

D( Are less permeable than precapillar* artheriols

( a'e the ad'entitia +ith longitudinall* arranged collagen bundles

$59( What is not true about the endothelial cells o capillaries?a( the* represented b* a t+o la*ers o s&uamous cells rolled into a tube

b( .he* represented b* a single la*er o s&uamous cells rolled into a tube

c( long a!is o their endothelioc*tes l*ing in the same direction as the blood

lo+

d( their elliptical nucleus bulges out into the lumen o the capillar*

e( their intermediate ilaments located around the perinuclear one

$#-( What t*pe o proteins are ound inside o endothelial intermediate ilaments?

a( imentin and desmin

b( imentin and desmogleinc( imentin and glial acid protein

d( .ubulin and desmin

94

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e( illagrin and desmin

$#1( At +hich site o capillar* endothelial lining is ormed the marginal old?

a( at the cellular 6unctions and pro6ects into the lumen(

b( at the endothelial cell basal lamina interace

c( at the contact sites bet+een peric*tes and endothelioc*tes

d( at the cellular 6unctions and pro6ects to+ard the abluminal acee( inside o endothelial cells bet+een their organelles

$#$( Where are located peric*tes?

a( along the outside o the capillaries and small 'enules

b( along the inside o the capillaries and small 'enules

c( along the outside o the capillaries and artheioles

d( along the outside o the 'eins and small 'enules

e( along the outside o the m*elinated ner'e ibers

$#3( Choose the incorrect statement about the peric*tes(

a( .he* ma* undergo dierentiation to become seletal muscle cellsb( .he* surround capillaries and small 'enules

c( .he* ha'e long primar* processes along the a!is o the 'essel

d( .heir secondar* processes orm gap 6unctions +ith the endothelioc*tes

e( .he* share the basal lamina o the endothelial cells

$#4( What is not ound inside o peric*tes?

1( plaoglobin

$( tropom*osin

3( isom*osin

4( occludin

5( protein inase

#( desmoplain

a( 1, 4, #

b( 1, $, 3

c( $, 4, #

d( 1, 4, 5

e( $, 3, 4

$#5( What is not unction o peric*tes?

a( s*nthesis o 'on Willebrand actor

b( regulation o blood lo+ through the capillariesc( dierentiation to become smooth muscle cells

d( dierentiation to become endothelial cells

e( transport o molecules across the 'essel +all

$##( What is true regarding the continuous capillaries?

a(

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1( e!ocrine glands

$( 0ancreas

3( :mall intestine

4( .h*mus

5( 0arath*roid gland

#( renal glomerulusa( $, 3, 5

b( 1, 3, 4

c( $, 4, #

d( 1, 3, 5

e( $, 3, #

$#"( Where are ound enestrated capillaries that lac diaphragms?

a( renal glomerulus

b( e!ocrine glandsc( 0ancreas

d( :mall intestine

e( 0arath*roid gland

$#9( What is the structure o ultrathin diaphragm in enestrated capillaries ater

processing +ith platinumcarbon shado+ing?

a( .he* displa* eight ibrils radiating out rom a central area and orming

+edgelie channels

b( .he* displa* ten ibrils radiating out rom a central area and orming +edge

lie channels

c( .he* displa* eight ibrils radiating rom a central area and orming hairpin

turn

d( .he* displa* three ibrils parallel to each other orming +edgelie channels

e( .he* displa* our ilaments attached to each other b* illagrin proteins

$%-( Which o the ollo+ing do not characterie the sinusoidal capillaries?

a( .he 'ascular channels in the pituitar* gland, li'er, sin

b( Because o their location, the* ha'e an enlarged diameter o 3- to 4-Im

c( .he* contain man* large enestrae that lac diaphragms

d( the endothelial +all ma* be discontinuous, as is the basal laminae( macrophages ma* be located either in or along the outside o the endothelial

+all(

$%1( Which substances are produced b* the endothelial cells o capillaries?

1( ibronectin

$( ibroplastin

3( 8aminin

4( t*pe /// collagen

5( endothelin /#( 0rostac*clin

%( Ceramides

9#

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a( 1, 3, 5, #

b( 1, $, 3, #

c( $, 3, 4, 5

d( 1, $, 3, 4

e( $, 4, 5, #

$%$( o+ is controlled the blood lo+ rom the arterial s*stem?

( B* the smooth muscle cells in the +all o metarterioles

>( B* the smooth muscle cells in the +all o 'enules

( B* the smooth muscle cells in the +all o sinusoidal capillaries

/( B* the smooth muscle cells in the +all o enestrated capillaries

J( .here is no correct ans+er

$%3( What is the eature o thoroughare channel?

A( +ithout precapillar* sphincters

B( orm the pro!imal portion o the metarterioles

C( empt* the blood into l*mphatic capillaries

D( small 'enules o the 'enous s*stem

( transition bet+een the arther* and 'enules

$%4( /denti* the correct statement

A( .erminals o most arteries end in capillar* beds, +hich deli'er their

blood to 'enules

B( /n man* parts o the bod* the arter* simpl* 6oins +ith a l*mphatic 'essel

C( .he AA has an e!tremel* thin +all to pro'ide e!change o substances

D( subendothelial la*er is composed o longitudinall* arranged epithelial

cells

( the enestrate capillaries are ound in the papillar* la*er o dermis

$%5( What is not true statement regarding 'eins?

a( the* outnumber arteries and ha'e smaller luminal diameters

b( the* outnumber arteries and ha'e larger luminal diameters

c( %- o the total blood 'olume is in these 'essels

d( their +alls are usuall* collapsede( the* represent lo+pressure 'ascular s*stem

$%#( What o the ollo+ing is not ound in the +all o postcapillar* 'enules?

9%

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1( smooth muscle cells

$( ndothelium

3( reticular ibers

4( peric*tes

5( basal lamina

#( 'asa 'asorum%( collagen ibers

a( 1, #, %

b( 1, $, 3

c( $, 4, 5

d( $, 3, #

e( 1, 3, %

$%%( /n +hich 'essels the peric*tes conse&uentl* are replaced b* smooth musclecells, orming a continuous la*er?

a( in the larger 'enules

b( in the larger artherioles

c( in the smaller artheries

d( in the larger capillaries

e( in the larger capillaries

$%"( .he +all o +hich 'essels is most permeable?

a( postcapillar* 'enules

b( capillaries

c( artherioles

d( 'eins

e( metartherioles

$%9( Which 'essels unction in l*mphoc*te recognition and segregation b* t*pe

speciic receptors on their luminal surace?

a( highendothelial 'enules

b( capillaries

c( postcapillar* artherioles

d( postcapillar* 'eins

e( metartherioles$"-( Choose the incorrect statement about the medium 'eins(

a( lastic ibers orm laminae characteristic o an internal elastic lamina

b( .he* drain most o the bod*, including most o the regions o the e!tremities

c( .heir tunica intima includes the endothelium and its basal lamina and

reticular ibers

d( :ometimes an elastic net+or surrounds the endothelium

e( .he smooth muscle cells o the tunica media are in a loosel* organied la*er

$"1( What is the structure o a 'enous 'al'e?

a( it is composed o t+o lealets, each ha'ing a thin old o intima 6utting outrom the +all

9"

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b( it is composed o three lealets, each ha'ing a part o elastin 6utting out rom

the +all

c( it is composed o t+o lealets, each ha'ing a thin old o the intima 6utting

into the +all

d( it is composed o one lealets, ha'ing a thin old o the intima 6utting out

rom the +alle( it is composed o elastic lamina, ha'ing a thic old o the media 6utting

inside o 'essel

$"$( Where is the l*mph emptied into the cardio'ascular s*stem?

a( at the 6unctions o the internal 6ugular and the subcla'ian 'eins(

b( at the 6unctions o the e!ternal 6ugular and the subcla'ian 'eins(

c( at the 6unctions o the internal 6ugular and the e!ternal 6ugular 'eins(

d( at the 6unctions o the right atrium and the subcla'ian 'eins(

e( at the 6unctions o the brachiocephalic and the subcla'ian 'eins(

$"3( ind the incorrect statement about the l*mphatic capillaries(a( ha'e anchoring ilaments that terminate on the adluminal plasma membrane

b( these are blindended, thin+alled capillaries

c( composed o a single la*er o attenuated endothelial cells

d( ha'e an incomplete basal lamina

e( the endothelial cells o'erlap each other but also ha'e intercellular clets

$"4( What dieres the +all o l*mphatic 'essels rom that o small 'eins?

a( their lumina are larger and their +alls thinner

b( their lumina are thinner and their +alls larger

c( their lumina do not contain 'al'es

d( beneath their endothelium is thic la*er o smooth muscle cells

e( there are more clear boundaries bet+een the la*ers

$"5( /n +hich la*er the muscular elements o 'essels are de'eloped better?

A( /n the middle la*er(

B( /n ad'entitia(

C( /n subendothelial la*er o tunica intima(

D( .here is no muscles because it is the nonmuscular 'ein(

( .here is no correct ans+er (

$"#( Which numbers do indicate the neutrophilic metam*eloc*te, earl*eosinophilic m*eloc*te and basophilic er*throblast?

99

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A) $, 14, 11

B) $, 1-, 14

C) 3, 14, 11

D) 3, 15, 11

)

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A) 3, 1, #

B) 1, $, #

C) 5, 3, 1

D) 4, #, 3


1-1

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$""( Which numbers do indicate the monoc*te, CCo and progenitor cell?

A) $%, 11, 15

B) 1-, 15, $%

C) 13,11, $#

D) 1-, 13, $%


1-$

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$"9( What is the embr*onic hemopoesis?

A( De'elopment o blood as tissue

B( De'elopment o bone marro+

C( ormation o marro+ cells during embr*onic stage

D( Death o blood cells during embr*onic stage

( 0h*siologic regeneration o hemoglobin in embr*o$9-( At +hich stage is tae place blood ormation in the *ol sac?

A( /n the second +ee o gestation

B( /n the ith +ee o gestation

C( /n the adult human

D( /n the postnatal stage

( At the third trimester o pregnanc*

$91( When is begin the hepatic stage o blood ormation?

A( /n the ith +ee o gestation

B( /n the third +ee o gestationC( /n the adult human

D( /n the postnatal stage

( At the third trimester o pregnanc*

$9$( What is tae place in the *ol sac?

A( r*thropoesis

B( 8euopoesis

C( .hromboc*topoesis

D( >ranuloc*topoesis

( 8*mphopoesis

$93( When is the bone marro+ become the hemopoetic organ?

A( /n the second trimester o pregnanc*

B( /n the irst trimester o pregnanc*

C( /n the third +ee o gestation

D( /n the adult human

( /n the postnatal stage

$94( Which organs are in'ol'ed in the embr*onic hemopoesis?

A( Kol sac, li'er, spleen

B( Kol sac, li'er, 2A8.

C( Amn*onic ca'it* and bone marro+D( Allantois, li'er and bone marro+

( /ntraemr*onic ca'it*, spleen

$95( What is the t*pe o hemopoesis in the bone marro+?

A(

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c( b* the #th +ee o gestation

d( b* the %th month o gestation

e( b* the $nd +ee o gestation

3-%( What is taing place in the li'er in the #th +ee o gestation?a( aemopoesis

b( 0roduction o plasmatic cells

c( 2odiication o 8D0

d( Deto!iication o carboh*drates

e( 0rotein and lipid s*nthesis

3-"( What o the ollo+ing is correct?

a( postnatall* the li'er and the spleen are not acti'e in hemopoiesis

b( prenatall* the li'er and the spleen are not acti'e in hemopoiesis

c( the li'er and the spleen are acti'e in hemopoiesis in inants

d( the li'er and the spleen are acti'e in . cell production

e( the li'er and the spleen are acti'e in B cell production

3-9( Which elements do dierentiate into nucleated er*throc*tes?

a( the peripheral cells o blood islands

b( the central cells o blood islands

c( er*throblasts o bone marro+

d( CL in the bone marro+

e( eticuloc*tes o blood islands

31-( Which numbers do indicate the epithelioreticular net+or o corte!,

subcapsular epithelial reticular cells and blood 'essels?

1-#

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A) 5, #, $

B) 3, 5, #

C) 5, $, %

D) 1, 3, %


311( Choose the correct statements about the pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells(

1( .he* gi'e rise to all ormed elements o blood

$( the* account or -(1 o the nucleated cell population o bone marro+

3( .he* are usuall* amitotic

4( .he* al+a*s undergo bursts o cell di'ision

5( .he* gi'ing rise to i'e t*pes o multipotential hemopoietic stem cells

#( .he* gi'ing rise to to three t*pes o oligopotential hemopoietic stem cells

a( 1, $, 3

b( 1, 3, 5

c( 1, $, #

d( $, 4, #

e( 3, 4, 5

1-%

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31$( Which cells are arised rom the di'ision o pluripotential hemopoietic stem

cells?

a( CL>22 and CL8*

b( >2C: and CL8*

c( CL>22 and CLr

d( CLo and CL>22

e( r*throblasts and endothelioc*tes

313( Which cells are not ormed rom the CL>22 cells?

1( ranuloc*tes

4( 2onoc*tes

5( 0latelets

#( l*mphoc*tes

%( B cells

a( 1, #, %

b( 1, $, #

c( 1, 5, %

d( 1, $, 4

e( $, 4, #

314( What cells are resemble l*mphoc*tes and constitute a small raction o thenullcell population o circulating blood?

a( 0:Cs and 2:Cs

b( 0:Cs and er*throblasts

c( CL< and CL8*

d( 0rol*mphoblasts

e( CLB and promonoc*tes

1-"

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315( Ater immediate di'ision o these cells are arised the eosinophilic stab cells(

/denti* them(

a( osinophilic metam*eloc*tes

b( osinophilic m*eloc*tes

c( osinophilic prem*eloc*tes

d( osinophilic l*mphoblastse( BL

31#( Which gro+th actors stimulate prolieration o pluripotential and

multipotential stem cells, thus maintaining their populations?

1( steel actor

$( granuloc*temacrophage colon*stimulating actor @>2C:)

3( .> and .C:)

3( interleuin 4

4( monoc*te colon*stimulating actor @2C:)

5( macrophage inhibitor* proteinM @2/0M)

#( granuloc*temacrophage colon*stimulating actor @>2C:)

%( er*thropoietin

a( $, 4, 5, %

b( 1, 3, 4, #c( $, 3, 4, #

d( 1, 3, #, %

e( 1, $, 5, %

31"( /denti* the daughter cells +hich are arised +hen the one CL undergo

di'ision?

a( proer*throblasts

b( basophilic er*throblasts

c( ortochromophilic er*throblasts

d( reticuloc*tese( nurse cells and eosinophiles

1-9

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319( What are the irst recogniable er*throc*te precursors?

a( proer*throblasts

b( basophilic er*throblasts

c( ortochromophilic er*throblasts

d( reticuloc*tes

e( CL

3$-( With +hich cells do the monoc*tes share their bipotential cells?

a( +ith neutrophils

b( +ith eosinophiles

c( +ith basophils

d( +ith nurse cells and platelets

e( +ith l*mphoc*tes

3$1( Choose the incorrect statement concerning the bone marro+(

a( its 'eins are smaller than the arteries

b( its 'eins, arteries, and sinusoids orm the 'ascular compartment

c( its inter'ening spaces are illed +ith pleomorphic islands o hemopoietic

cells

d( its nutrient arteries pierce the diaph*sis 'ia the nutrient oramina

e( the reticular tissue orms the stroma o this organ

3$$( What o the ollo+ing is not true about the bone marro+?

a( it pro'ides much o dierentiation o B l*mphoc*tes

b( /t is the sot, gelatinous, highl* 'ascular, and cellular tissue

c( /t is isolated rom bone b* the endosteum

d( it constitutes almost 5 o the total bod* +eight

e( it is responsible or the initial maturation o . l*mphoc*tes

3$3( When does the hemopoiesis begin in the bone marro+?

a( rom the ith month o prenatal lie

b( rom the irst month o prenatal lie

c( rom the eight month o prenatal lie

d( rom the ith +ee o prenatal lie

e( rom the ith month o postnatal lie

3$4( What is not the unction o bone marro+ macrophages?

a( transmit iron to de'eloping leucoblasts

b( destro* the e!truded nuclei o er*throc*te precursors

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c( destro* the malormed cells and the e!cess c*toplasm

d( regulate hemopoietic cell dierentiation and maturation

e( participate in the s*nthesis o the heme portion o hemoglobin

3$5( What o the ollo+ing sho+ the location o bone marro+ macrophages?a( their processes penetrate the spaces bet+een smooth muscle cells to enter

sinusoidal lumina

b( their processes penetrate the spaces bet+een endothelial cells to enter lumina

o artherioles

c( their cell bodies penetrate the spaces bet+een endothelial cells to enter

sinusoidal lumina

d( their micro'illi are located bet+een the leucopoetic cells

e( their eetend penetrate the spaces bet+een peric*tes to co'er the capillar*

lumina

3$#( What o the ollo+ing are not ound in the +all o bone marro+ sinusoids?

1( must cells

$( endothelial cells

3( slender threads o reticular ibers

4( large number o ad'entitial reticular cells

5( smooth muscle cells

#( bundles o elastic ibers

a( 1, 5, #

b( 1, $, 4

c( 1, 3, #

d( $, 4, #

e( 3, 4, 5

3$%( What orms the threedimensional net+or surrounding discrete hemopoietic

cords in the bone marro+?

a( 0rocesses o ad'entitial reticular cells

b( 0rocesses o macrophages

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c( 0rocesses o ad'entitial mast cells

d( 0rocesses o hemopoetic cells

e( 0rocesses o granuloc*te reticular cells

3$"( Which cells do accumulate at in their c*toplasm to resemble adipose cells inbone marro+?

a( ad'entitial reticular cells

b( osteoblasts

c( osteoprogenitor cells

d( macrophages

e( undierentiated mast cells

3$9( Which cells o bone marro+ do produce the steel actor @stem cell actor)?

a( stromal cells

b( osteoprogenitor cells

c( pluripotential stem cells

d( CL: and CL8*

e( macrophages

33-( Which o the ollo+ing do stimulate the prolieration o pluripotential and

multipotential stem cells, thus maintaining their populations?

1( 2C: and >C:

$( steel actor

3( granuloc*temacrophage colon*stimulating actor

4( t+o interleuins @/83 and /8%)

5( r*thropoietin

#( /8$, /85 and /8#

a( 1, 5, #

b( 1, $, 3

c( $, 5, #

d( $, 3, 5

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e( 3, 4, 5

331( Which cells is unction in the process o . l*mphoc*te testing in th*mus?

a( bone marro+deri'ed dendritic cells

b( bone marro+deri'ed mast cells

c( th*musderi'ed dendritic cells

d( spleenderi'ed dendritic cells

e( bone marro+deri'ed B cells

33$( What is needed or cells unctioning in . l*mphoc*te testing inside o

th*mus?

a( !pression o both classes o the epitope2C molecule comple!es on their

surace

b( !pression o / class o the epitope2C molecule comple!e on theirsurace

c( !pression o both classes o the epitopeantigen molecule comple!es on

their surace

d( !pression o both classes o the antigenantibod* molecule comple!es on

their surace

e( !pression o / and // classes o the C: molecule comple!es on their

surace

333( ind the correct statement regarding the th*mus(a( .he capillaries o the corte! are o the continuous t*pe

b( .he capillaries o the corte! in'ested b* a sheath o t*pe // epithelial

reticular cells

c( t*pe /// epithelial reticular cells orm a bloodth*mus barrier

d( selmacromolecules are not permitted to cross the bloodth*mus barrier

e( .he cortical capillar* net+or drains into small arterioles in the medulla

334( Which cells do orm the bloodth*mus barrier?

a( t*pe / epithelial reticular cellsb( t*pe // epithelial reticular cells

c( t*pe /// epithelial reticular cells

d( t*pe / epithelial reticular cells

e( t*pe epithelial reticular cells

335( Which numbers do indicate the diuse corte!, medullar* cord and medullar*

sinuses?

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A) 4, 9, "

B) 5, ", 9

C) 4, %, 9

D) 5, 11, %


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33#( Which numbers do indicate the . l*mphoc*te dependent

one, penicillar arteriole and marginal sinus?

A) 11, 4, 5

B) %, 3, 11

C) ", 3, %

D) 4, 11, 3


33%( What o the ollo+ing is ound in the spleen capsule?

1( ibroelastic connecti'e tissue$( occasionall* smooth muscle cells

3( 'isceral peritoneum

4( seletal muscle cells

5( 2acrophages

#( pithelial reticular cells

a( 1, $, 3

b( 1, $, 4

c( $, 3, #

d( 3, 4, #e( 1, $, 5

33"( What o the ollo+ing is not the spleen unction in human?

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b( 8*mph node

c( epatic arter*

d( idne*

e( 0alatine tonsil

344( What o the ollo+ing e!plains the closed circulation theor* in spleen?

a( the endothelial lining o the terminal capillaries is continuous +ith the sinus

endothelium

b( the endothelial lining o the penicillar arteriole is continuous +ith the sinus

endothelium

c( the endothelial lining o the sheathed capillaries is continuous +ith the +hite

pulp

d( the endothelial lining o the terminal arterial capillaries is continuous +iththe red pulp

e( the terminal arterial capillaries terminate prior to reaching the sinusoids

345( What o the ollo+ing e!plains the open circulation theor* in spleen?

a( the terminal arterial capillaries terminate prior to reaching the sinusoids

b( the terminal capillaries is continuous +ith the sinus endothelium

c( the penicillar arteriole terminate prior to reaching the sinusoids

d( sheathed capillaries terminate prior to reaching the +hite pulp

e( some 'essels connect to the sinusoids o the red pulp

34#( Which elements are ound inside o splenic cords?

1( loose net+or o reticular ibers

$( e!tra'asated blood

3( stellate reticular cells

4( 8angerhance cells

5( !tra'asated l*mph

#( macrophages

a( 1, $, 3, #

b( 1, $, 4

c( $, 3, 4, #

d( 1, $, 5

e( 1, $, 3, 5

11%

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34%( Which statement does not indicate the path+a* o B cell migration ater their

dierentiatiation in l*mphoid nodules?

a( B cells migrate to the periarterial l*mphatic sheath to inacti'ate the antigens

b( B cells enter the marginal sinuses and migrate to the site o antigenic

challenge

c( B cells become part o the circulating in blood pool o l*mphoc*tes

d( some plasma cells ma* sta* in marginal one and release antibodies into the

marginal sinuses

e( most plasma cells migrate to bone marro+ to release their antibodies into

bone marro+ sinuses

34"( Which cells isolate the t*pe /// collagen ibers rom blood, pre'enting aplatelet reaction to the collagen in spleen?

a( stellate reticular cells

b( 2acrophages

c( . l*mphoc*tes

d( B l*mphoc*tes and ibroblasts

e( ndothelioc*tes

349( What cells are not ound in the centre o the l*mphoid ollicle?

a( . l*mphoc*tes

b( B l*mphoc*tes

c( 8*mphoblasts

d( ollicular dendritic cells

e( macrophages

35-( Which receptors are not present on the surace o antibod*

$( illeracti'ating receptors that bind to certain marers on the surace o

nucleated cells

3( illerinhibitor* receptors that recognie 2C / molecules

4( CD4 and CD" to recognie 2C molecules

5( c receptors that recognie the constant portion o the /gA and /g2

antibod*

a( 1, $, 3

b( 1, $, 4c( $, 3, 4

d( $, 4, 5

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e( 1, 3, 5

351( ind the components not belonging to the innate immune s*stem(

1( 2emor* cells

$( Complement s*stem

3( 2acrophages4(

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d( .he presence o C3b on the microbial surace acilitates phagoc*tosis o

microbes

e( 0ro'ides innate immune response

355( Which properties ha'e the adapti'e immune response?

1( :peciicit*

$(

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A) 5, 1, #

B) 1, 5, #

C) 3, 1, #

D) 3, $, 5


1$1

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359( Which numbers do indicate the nuclei o ciliated epithelial cells, nuclei o

intermediate cells and basal lamina?

ollo+ the true se&uence o numbers sho+ing those structures ((F


B) 5, 3, %C) 4, 5, %

D) 3, 4, %

) 3, 4, #

1$$

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3#-(Which numbers do indicate the nuclei o ciliated epithelial cells, nuclei o

goblet cells and lumen o trachea?

ollo+ the true se&uence o numbers sho+ing those structures ((F

A) 3, 4, 1

B) .here is no correct ans+er

C) 5, 3, 1

D) 4, 5, 1) 3, 4, "

3#1( /nside o respirator* epithelium o trachea present all o the ollo+ing cells,

+ithoutN

a( Clara cells

b( Brush cells

c( Ciliated cells

d( ndocrine cells

e( Basal cells3#$( ind the elements that are not present in the lamina propria and the submucosa o

the intrapulmonar* bronchi?

1$3

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1( cartilage Crings

$( seromucous glands

3( l*mphoid elements

4( h*aline cartilage plates

5( 0e*er=s patches

#( pithelioc*tes

a( 1, 5, #

b( 1, $, 3

c( $, 3, 5

d( $, 4, #

e( 1, 4, 5

3#3(Which elements subdi'ide into tertiar* bronchi?

a( secondar* bronchi

b( bronchopulmonar* lobulesc( primar* bronchi

d( terminal bronchiles

e( trachea

3#4( What o the ollo+ing do not belong to intrapulmonar* bronchi?

a( 0rimar* bronchi

b( :econdar* bronchi

c( tertiar* bronchi

d( respirator* bronchioles

e( terminal bronchioles

3#5( Which trends are not obser'ed +ith decreasing o air+a*s in sie?

a( increase in the numbers o glands and ciliated cells

b( decrease in the amount o cartilage

c( decrease in the numbers o glands and goblet cells

d( decrease the height o epithelial cells

e( increase in smooth muscle and elastic tissue

3##( Choose the incorrect statement regarding bronchioles(

a( their +all contain large number o ciliated and goblet cells

b( the primar* bronchiole supplies air to a pulmonar* lobule

c( the* are considered the 1-th to 15th generation o bronchial tree branchingd( their diameter commonl* is described as less than 1 mm

e( their epithelial lining ranges rom simple columnar to simple cuboidal

3#%( What is not characteristic o the Clara cells?

a( the* are belie'ed to protect the al'eolar epithelium

b( columnar cells +ith domeshaped apices that ha'e short, blunt micro'illi

c( their apical c*toplasm houses numerous secretor* granules containing

gl*coproteins

d( these cells degrade to!ins in the inhaled air 'ia c*tochrome 045- en*mes

e( produce a suractantlie material that reduces the surace tension

1$4

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