x-ray astronomy : upcoming missions
DESCRIPTION
Vicky Kaspi McGill University Lorne Trottier Chair in Astrophysics and Cosmology. X-ray AstROnomy : Upcoming missions. Overview. Introduction to X-ray astronomy NuSTAR Astro -H NICER Other missions. Astronomy with X-rays. Optical sky: calm, unchanging. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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X-RAY ASTRONOMY: UPCOMING MISSIONS
Vicky KaspiMcGill UniversityLorne Trottier Chair in Astrophysics and Cosmology
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Overview
Introduction to X-ray astronomy NuSTAR Astro-H NICER Other missions
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Astronomy with X-rays The most energetic,
violent objects in the Universe produce X-rays Black holes, neutron stars Active galaxies, galaxy
clusters The X-ray sky highly
volatile: objects explode, appear/disappear daily
Extremes of: Gravity Density Temperature Magnetic field
Optical sky: calm, unchanging
Magnetic Explosions on a Neutron Star:Less calm, highly variable
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X-ray Astronomy: Space-based
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X-ray Telescopes: Space-Based Must be in space
as X-rays cannot penetrate atmosphere
X-rays hard to focus!
Need special telescope geometries, materials
Chandra X-ray Telescope
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Focusing X-rays
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Currently Flying X-ray Telescopes
XMM-Newton Chandra
MAXI
Suzaku Swift
NuSTAR
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X-ray Sources Stellar mass black holes and neutron
star accreting from companion stars Isolated neutron stars like pulsars &
magnetars Supernova remnants Active galactic nuclei Galaxy clustersNext: High Energy Groove
NASA Outreach movie: made & performed by astronomers, factually accurate, artist & real data combined, clearly illustrates changing X-ray sky, note McGill’s contribution!
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High Energy Groove
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Currently Flying X-ray Telescopes
XMM-Newton Chandra
MAXI
Suzaku Swift
NuSTARLaunched June 2012
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NASA’s NuSTAR: The Future is Now! Launched June 14,
2012 First focusing “hard”
X-ray telescope “hard” = high-energy
5-80 keV ~100X more
sensitive than previous hard X-ray telescopes
10-m focal length: long! How to launch??
Yesterday
Today
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NuSTAR: Newest X-ray Telescope
NuSTAR in Space NuSTAR Pegasus Launch
For more on NuSTAR & its science goals
see poster by Dr. Hongjun An
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NuSTAR First Light: Cyg X-1
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Astro-H: Launch 2015 Next major X-ray
mission Joint JAXA/NASA
with international involvement including Canadian Space Agency
Complex mission with4 different instruments
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Astro-H: Broad energy response Multiple instruments:
Soft X-ray Spectrometer 0.3-12 keV, 1.7’ angular resolution, 7 eV@
6 keV Hard X-ray Imagers
5-80 keV, 1.7’ angular resolution, 1.5 keV @ 60 keV
Soft X-ray Imager 0.4-12 keV, 1.7’ angular resolution
Soft Gamma-Ray Detector 40-600 keV, non-imagingAll instruments co-aligned:
observers get data from all detectors.
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Astro-H
Takahashi et al. 2010
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Astro-H Canadian Involvement Top recommendation
of CSA-sponsored report
Ottawa-based NEPTEC building laser metrology system
CSA cost $6M Canadians leading
multiple SWGs Canadians have access
to PV data and proposefor Japanese time
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Astro-H Science Goals Large Scale Structure in the
Universe, Dark Matter & Dark Energy Galaxy Cluster dynamics, evolution Supermassive black hole evolution
Extreme Conditions in the Universe Motion of matter near black holes Shock acceleration, jets Neutron star spectra, binaries
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NEW! NASA’s NICER Neutron Star Internal
Composition Explorer Approved for
construction Apr 5! To be installed on
International Space Station
Expected launch December 2016
Deputy PI Z. Arzoumanian,McGill Physics Alum!
FRAM = Flight Releasable Attachment MechanismELC = ExPRESS Logistics Carrier (power, telemetry)
Gendreau et al. 2012
International Space Station
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Low energy (0.2-12 keV) X-ray mission tailored for understanding neutron star structure, composition
Factor of ~2 more sensitive than current most sensitive XMM-Newton
NICER Science Goals
Gendreau et al. 2012
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NICER: Combined Capability Unique capability
combination: Sensitivity Time resolution Energy resolution
Will allow detailedobservations ofemission fromneutron stars’ surfaces
constraints on unknown properties ofultradense matter
Gendreau et al. 2012
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Upcoming: ASTROSAT – Indian mission with significant CSA
involvement; 5 instruments; launch 2014? e-ROSITA – German instrument to launch on Russian
Spectrum Roentgen Gamma mission in 2014; will do all sky survey in soft X-ray band
HMXT – 1st Chinese astronomy satellite, non-imaging 20-200 keV; launch 2014-2016
Envisioned: ATHENA – ESA Advanced Telescope for High-Energy
Astrophysics; formerly Constellation-X, Xeus, IXO high throughput (3 m2) X-ray spectroscopy + WFI
LOFT – ESA Large Observatory for X-ray Timing LAD 12 m2 for timing; WFM large FOV
Upcoming & Envisioned X-ray Missions
ATHENA
LOFT
eRosita
ASTROSAT
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Summary Near-term X-ray astronomy healthy
Multiple major missions flying, several interesting upcoming missions planned
Long-term situation unclear: 2 major ESA concepts being promoted Good news: CSA already cooperates with ESA
Bad news: CSA presently in state of flux No major NASA X-ray mission under
development US budgetary constraints problematic NASA “Physics of the Cosmos” Program charged
with identifying next X-ray advance… Stay tuned!