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iMetrum Video Monitoring

DATAHAWKDataHawk was established by UPG in 2013 in answer to the growing challenge in the rail industry to increase efficiency and customer satisfaction all while minimising costs. Alongside Trimble we recognised a real opportunity to focus our technology in the rail industry.

DataHawks solutions span all stages of railway development and management including planning and analysis, design and construction, safety and maintenance and project operations.

DataHawk is Trimbles only authorised distribution partner for rail technology in Australia and PNG.

www.datahawk.com.au

Non-contact precision measurement for dynamic structural monitoring

New Video based technology is the perfect solution to precision displacement measurement of structures and geotechnical engineering projects. The ongoing need to understand the health and welfare of valuable items such as Buildings, Bridges and Tunnels is ever more prevalent within the strategies asset management teams both within the public and private sectors. As cost of maintaining these asset increases over time so has the pressure to develop more efficient and productive methods for collection of asset knowledge. The iMetrum Non-Contact Displacement Gauge Technology enables sub millimetre displacement and deformation detection making it an ideal solution for monitoring structures.The History of Video MeasurementFirst Known Example is the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in 1940Increasing use by researchers from 1980s onwards with iconic use in crash testing autos. Principals are used in motion capture, optical computer mice and DIC.

There are a number of companies offering laboratory type solutions. iMetrum is the only commercially available video gauge tailored to external use

DIC: Differential Interference Contrast microscopy (microscope viewing single cells) The art of looking at really small translucent targets.5What we do

NOTE: Video is not the video referred to in the UK Weather report.

Clifton bridge River Avon.Construction started 1829 opened 1864Designed by Isambad Kingdom BrunelVideo of natural movement of bridge induced by wind, pedestrian and road traffic.Red line represents connection of up 40 points of interrogation across the structure span.Movement effect is magnified 40x for effect.6Creation of the iMetrum Video GaugeiMetrum is a spinout of the Bristol University with the technology first commercially available in 1970. Technology first used in structural monitoring of the Humber Bridge & Severn 2nd crossing UK.

Class-leading resolution has resulted in a strong uptake within aerospace industriesMaterial testing 2/3 of business, Structures 1/3.

Resolution: 10 x more accurate than competitors when released. Currently our resolution is still 3 x more accurate than the best alternative.If you have ever received in the post a nice picture of your car with a request for payment of varying amounts, I am at pains to suggest you have had an interaction with the original creator of iMetrum.7Our TechnologyImetrum have developed & patented specialist software that measures movement in materials and structures highly accurately in real time.The system is a point to point and full-field optical measurement system - we use pattern recognition technology and sub pixel interpretation of video images ie non-contact.UKAS Calibration to BS/EN/ISO 9513, class 0.5 and ASTM (E83) calibration to class B-2. Resolution and frame rate are camera and setup dependent for standard system, reliably >1/100,000 of the lens Field of View (FoV) eg. 0.1mm resolution for a 10m FoV. Resolutions of 1/2,000,000 of FoV can be achieved with an appropriately constructed system.Completed extensive comparative trials with other optical and traditional techniques with Airbus, NPL & Strainstall.3D measurements possible (multi-camera systems).Videos & data can be stored for analysis later, or processed and transmitted in real time (over 300Hz).UKAS: United Kingdom Accreditation ServiceBS/EN/ISO 9513: Standard for Metallic materials, Calibration of extensometers used in uniaxial testing

ASTM: American Society for testing and MaterialsASTM e38: Standard practice for verification and classification of extensometer systems

NPL: UKs National Measurement Institute (world leading centre of excellence in developing and applying the most accurate measurement standards and science and Tec available)Testing concluded iMetrum best available, if not the best system for application it would always produce a result with high confidence.

Strainstall: Uk monitoring contractor with world wide presence/ office in Perth (DR Phil Cutter)8Proving the Technology

Year long project lead by UK National Measurement Office (NPL).Comparisons with conventional and new methods.Use in various weather conditions.Blue line is iMetrumRed line is displacement gauge/plunger typeYellow line is an accelerometer

This test suggests non-contact iMetrum V displacement gauge using physical contact appear similar. Close inspection of data shows a slower response in measuring the recoil/return with the disp gauge compared to iMetrum.

Data from the accelerometer is all over the shop in comparison.9Proving the TechnologyiMetrum setup 45m away in car parkResolution of 0.02 mm.Testing at night.

Testing head to head agents a laser tracker has produced very similar results.In graph the measurement lines have been separated for clarity only.10Real Word Application/ Strain Mapping

Used for Monitoring Track, Monitoring Structures and during manufacture and testing of components.Rail Bridge Strain MappingApplication of an iMetrum strain map indicates areas of increased stress. effect is highlighted as individual wheel sets pass by. Noise is present in image as a result of vegetation growth on side of bridge. System has capability to filter the majority of this noise.The strain displayed within the map represents a maximum of 1mm displacement measured from 25 meters distant using 1 mp camera 16mm lens.11Displacement of Rail

Dynamic deflection monitoring of track, sleepers & ballast.Information on ground movement, track displacement / bending, gauge separation.Measurements taken at distance, under train loading.

Set up between 3 60m from track. Camera measuring at up to 300Hz. Up to 30m track visible with 1 camera.Targets can be spray-painted to track where not enough natural pattern exists . Ballast & clips usually do not need paint.12Displacement of Rail

Dynamic response of various parts of the track bed identifiable.Resolution much better than 0.1mm.Graphical Display of Processed Data.Resolution obtained with setup allows for identification for the effect of the individual wheels of bogie passing point of interrogation.13Tunnel Monitoring

Convergence & Ring Separation.Track Monitoring within tunnels.Demonstration project with Cross Rail / ongoing.250 measurement points, with 4 cameras.Infra-Red lighting used, so no obvious visible clue of monitoring ongoing, and no negative impact of work lights.Measurement resolutions of 0.1mmRemote access to equipment, and live reporting of resultsMonitoring of the Heritage listed Royal Mail Tunnels under London during construction of the London Cross Rail tunnel.TBM units converge to within one(1) meter of RMT. iMetrum used to dynamically measure the displacement when TBM within zone of effect14Tunnel Monitoring

Sample of dash board during monitoringSet up used 4 x 5mp cameras. With 2 x 16mm and 2 x 25mm lenses allowing for 0.1 millimetre resolution.15Tunnel Monitoring

Graphical display of extensions over 3 month monitoring period.Differential extensions between rings: Measurement taken leading and trailing edge of individual support rings. Looking for twist extension.

Convergence Horizontal: measurements are taken from targets positioned in the vicinity of the horizontal axis and are spaced evenly away form the camera in the direction of travel of the TBM. TBM is working below the section of tunnel. As TBM approaches it creates a bow wave of pressure altering the effect of natural squeeze resulting in a flattening effect in the RM tunnel (pushing sides out). As TBM moves through the zone of effect you can see the sudden release of pressure as a result of the removed material allowing the RMT sides to be forced toward each other.

This section of RMT was also monitored by a competing brand of total station. The TS monitoring did not record this effect.16Bridge and Structures

Dynamic Testing under normal traffic conditions, and also specific Load Testing.Access costs minimised, and resolution increased over other non-contact techniques.Avonmouth Bridge. Total length 1388m Main span 164m with clearance at HAT 30mOriginally built 1974 as 3 lane bridge, subsequently widened to 4 lanes by removal of pedestrian walkways and extending road surface.Pooling of water in the center of roadway became an issue.Real-time measurement were required to determine the effect alterations had on behaviour of the structure.Measurements taken from pier 7 and pier 8 western side. At up to 75 meters distanceWhat resolution.17Bridge Monitoring

12224356Dashboard showing points of interrogation displacement in Y direction only.Calibration using an inverted measurement plane18Interpreting the Data

Pattern of movement closely matches, suggesting primary mode of rotation is as a rigid body, rather than pivoting around centreGraphical display of rotation dataRotation measured between points 3 to 4 and 3 to 5.Resolution in this