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Page 1: Www Sciencedaily Com Releases 2014-04-140416143309 Htm

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Featured Research from universities, journals, and other organizations

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April 16, 2014

Dartmouth College

Changes in air temperature, not precipitation, drove the expansion andcontraction of glaciers in Africa's Rwenzori Mountains at the height ofthe last ice age, according to research. The results -- along with arecent study that found air temperature also likely influenced thefluctuating size of South America's Quelccaya Ice Cap over the pastmillennium -- support many scientists' suspicions that today's tropicalglaciers are rapidly shrinking primarily because of a warming climaterather than declining snowfall or other factors.

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Credit: © Dmitry Pichugin / Fotolia [Click to enlarge image]

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Herd of antelopes in Uganda (stock image). Dartmouth glacial geomorphologistMeredith Kelly and her team used the beryllium-10 method to determine the agesof quartz-rich boulders atop moraines in the Rwenzori Mountains on the border ofUganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo. These mountains have the mostextensive glacial and moraine systems in Africa. Moraines are ridges of sedimentsthat mark the past positions of glaciers.

hanges in air temperature, not precipitation, drove the expansion andcontraction of glaciers in Africa's Rwenzori Mountains at the height ofthe last ice age, according to a Dartmouth-led study funded by the

National Geographic Society and the National Science Foundation.

The results -- along with a recent Dartmouth-led studythat found air temperature also likely influenced thefluctuating size of South America's Quelccaya Ice Capover the past millennium -- support many scientists'suspicions that today's tropical glaciers are rapidlyshrinking primarily because of a warming climaterather than declining snowfall or other factors. The twostudies will help scientists to understand the naturalvariability of past climate and to predict tropicalglaciers' response to future global warming.

The most recent study, which marks the first time that

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Dartmouth College. "Air temperature influenced African glacial movements at heightof last ice age." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 16 April 2014.<www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140416143309.htm>.

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scientists have used the beryllium-10 surface exposuredating method to chronicle the advance and retreat ofAfrica's glaciers, appears in the journal Geology. APDF is available on request.

Africa's glaciers, which occur atop the world's highesttropical mountains, are among the most sensitivecomponents of the world's frozen regions, but theclimatic controls that influence their fluctuations arenot fully understood. Dartmouth glacialgeomorphologist Meredith Kelly and her team used the beryllium-10 method todetermine the ages of quartz-rich boulders atop moraines in the Rwenzori Mountainson the border of Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo. These mountainshave the most extensive glacial and moraine systems in Africa. Moraines are ridges ofsediments that mark the past positions of glaciers.

The results indicate that glaciers in equatorial East Africa advanced between 24,000and 20,000 years ago at the coldest time of the world's last ice age. A comparison ofthe moraine ages with nearby climate records indicates that Rwenzori glaciersexpanded contemporaneously with regionally dry, cold conditions and retreated whenair temperature increased. The results suggest that, on millennial time scales, pastfluctuations of Rwenzori glaciers were strongly influenced by air temperature.

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The above story is based on materials provided by Dartmouth College. Note:Materials may be edited for content and length.

Journal Reference:

1. J. S. Stroup, M. A. Kelly, T. V. Lowell, P. J. Applegate, J. A. Howley. LateHolocene fluctuations of Qori Kalis outlet glacier, Quelccaya Ice Cap,Peruvian Andes. Geology, 2014; 42 (4): 347 DOI: 10.1130/G35245.1

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