WWI Breaks OutWWI Breaks Out

Chapter 18, Section 1Chapter 18, Section 1

10/3/11: Monday 10/3/11: Monday

Why do wars usually begin?Why do wars usually begin?

I. I. MAINMAIN causes of the War causes of the War

Militarism Militarism AlliancesAlliances ImperialismImperialismNationalismNationalism

A. A. MMilitarismilitarism

Definition: glorification of military strengthDefinition: glorification of military strengthRace in armsRace in armsBigger Better weaponsBigger Better weapons

B. B. AAllianceslliances

Nations forming alliances with other Nations forming alliances with other nationsnations

Minor incident trigger major problemsMinor incident trigger major problems

AlliancesAlliances

Triple Alliance: Austria-Hungary, Italy, Triple Alliance: Austria-Hungary, Italy, GermanyGermany

Triple Entente: Britain, France, RussiaTriple Entente: Britain, France, Russia

Imperialism Imperialism

What is Imperialism?The Quest for colonial

empires Why would a country want colonies?Markets

Natural resources

Strategic locations

C. C. IImperialism mperialism

Competition for territories overseasCompetition for territories overseasReclaiming what was rightfully theirsReclaiming what was rightfully theirs

D. D. NNationalismationalism

Ethnic groups wanting independenceEthnic groups wanting independenceExample: Ottoman Empire (Turkey)Example: Ottoman Empire (Turkey)

AlbaniansAlbaniansGreeksGreeksRomanians Romanians SlavsSlavs

II. The War Breaks OutII. The War Breaks Out

A. Assassination of a DukeA. Assassination of a Duke

How does a 19-year old start a World War?

Archduke Franz Ferdinand (A-H) visited Archduke Franz Ferdinand (A-H) visited Bosnia Bosnia

Gavrilo Princip shot Franz and his wifeGavrilo Princip shot Franz and his wifeAustria Hungary (A-H) declared war on Austria Hungary (A-H) declared war on

SerbiaSerbia

DominoDomino

A-H Serbia A-H Serbia

A-H and Germany are like A-H and Germany are like

Serbia and Russia are likeSerbia and Russia are like

France and Russia are likeFrance and Russia are like

B. The TeamsB. The Teams

Allied PowersAllied Powers

Britain Britain

FranceFrance

RussiaRussia

Central PowersCentral Powers

Germany

Austria-Hungary

Ottoman Emp.

Bulgaria

starter:starter:

Pick one of the MAIN causes and explain Pick one of the MAIN causes and explain how it helped to start WWIhow it helped to start WWI

C. Germany’s PlanC. Germany’s Plan

Massive Strike against France and G.B. Massive Strike against France and G.B. then worry about Russia ( 2 front war)then worry about Russia ( 2 front war)

Schlieffan Plan: German forces invade Schlieffan Plan: German forces invade France via BelgiumFrance via Belgium

Early WWI Strategy and Response

Central Powers Allied Powers

Early Strategy Allied Response

Reading: Preparedness (pg. 585)Reading: Preparedness (pg. 585)

FRANCEFRANCE GERMANYGERMANY

D. First BattleD. First Battle

First Battle of the Marne (France)First Battle of the Marne (France)Central pushed allies back to Marne RiverCentral pushed allies back to Marne RiverOnly to get pushed back by the alliesOnly to get pushed back by the alliesBoth realized this is going to be a Both realized this is going to be a

LONG WARLONG WAR

III. The War Reaches a III. The War Reaches a Stalemate Stalemate

A. TrenchesA. Trenches

Long Ditches stretching for milesLong Ditches stretching for milesUsed as a type of defenseUsed as a type of defense In the middle between 2 trenchesIn the middle between 2 trenches

No Man’s LandNo Man’s LandCaused a Stalemate among the Allies and Caused a Stalemate among the Allies and

Central PowersCentral Powers

B. New WeaponsB. New Weapons

Poisonous gasPoisonous gasMotorized armored TankMotorized armored TankAirplanesAirplanes

Aces – PilotsAces – PilotsBaron Manfred von Richthofen (RED BARON) Baron Manfred von Richthofen (RED BARON)

Trench FootTrench Foot

WWI TanksWWI Tanks

Casualties From Gas - The Casualties From Gas - The NumbersNumbers

Country Total Casualties DeathCountry Total Casualties DeathAustria-Hungary 100,000Austria-Hungary 100,000British Empire 188,706British Empire 188,706France 190,000France 190,000Germany 200,000Germany 200,000 Italy 60,000Italy 60,000Russia 419,340Russia 419,340USA 72,800USA 72,800Others 10,000Others 10,000

United States Goes to WarUnited States Goes to WarSection 2Section 2

I U.S. Stays NeutralI U.S. Stays Neutral

Remained Neutral in actionRemained Neutral in actionPopulation though choosing sidesPopulation though choosing sidesWhy?Why?

U.S. still affected by warU.S. still affected by warBritish and German forces searched U.S. British and German forces searched U.S.

shipsshipsNaval Blockade to warring nationsNaval Blockade to warring nationsDangerous to travelDangerous to travel

II. Sinking of the Lusitania II. Sinking of the Lusitania British Passenger shipBritish Passenger ship128 American passengers128 American passengersGerman U-boat sunk LusitaniaGerman U-boat sunk LusitaniaGermans believed it was carrying Germans believed it was carrying

weaponsweapons

Germans “warned” Americans not to board Germans “warned” Americans not to board the boatthe boat

III. Road to WarIII. Road to War

A) Other Ships SunkA) Other Ships SunkArabic (2 Americans)Arabic (2 Americans)Sussex (injuring several Am.)Sussex (injuring several Am.)

B) Sussex PledgeB) Sussex PledgePromise made by Germany not to sink liners Promise made by Germany not to sink liners

without ensuring the passengers’ safetywithout ensuring the passengers’ safety

C) Choosing Sides While NeutralC) Choosing Sides While Neutral

Lent money to British and FranceLent money to British and FranceTraded war materials with AlliesTraded war materials with Allies

D) Preparedness D) Preparedness

Wilson launched a “preparedness” Wilson launched a “preparedness” programprogram

National Defense Act – Increased # of National Defense Act – Increased # of soldiers in the army, navy, and Nat. Guardsoldiers in the army, navy, and Nat. Guard

IV. Going To WarIV. Going To War

Germans Sank 5 American Merchants Germans Sank 5 American Merchants shipsships

Message intercepted from German Message intercepted from German Foreign Secretary Arthur ZimmermannForeign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann

Zimmerman NoteZimmerman Note – Germans would help – Germans would help Mexico regain lost territory in South U.S.Mexico regain lost territory in South U.S.

April 2, 1917 Wilson addressed Congress April 2, 1917 Wilson addressed Congress for declaration of warfor declaration of war

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