war breaks out

19
War Breaks Out War Breaks Out The first shots of the The first shots of the Revolutionary War were fired in Revolutionary War were fired in 1775 at Lexington and Concord. 1775 at Lexington and Concord. George Washington was named George Washington was named commander-in-chief of the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army. Continental Army. Washington was a great leader because Washington was a great leader because he reorganized the army, secured he reorganized the army, secured additional equipment and supplies, additional equipment and supplies, and trained inexperienced soldiers. and trained inexperienced soldiers.

Upload: ivy-michael

Post on 02-Jan-2016

33 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

DESCRIPTION

War Breaks Out. The first shots of the Revolutionary War were fired in 1775 at Lexington and Concord. George Washington was named commander-in-chief of the Continental Army. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: War Breaks Out

War Breaks OutWar Breaks Out

The first shots of the Revolutionary The first shots of the Revolutionary War were fired in 1775 at Lexington War were fired in 1775 at Lexington and Concord.and Concord.

George Washington was named George Washington was named commander-in-chief of the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.Continental Army.– Washington was a great leader because Washington was a great leader because

he reorganized the army, secured he reorganized the army, secured additional equipment and supplies, and additional equipment and supplies, and trained inexperienced soldiers.trained inexperienced soldiers.

Page 2: War Breaks Out
Page 3: War Breaks Out

Battle of Bunker HillBattle of Bunker Hill• Important battle early in the war. Important battle early in the war. • Extremely deadly battle due to Extremely deadly battle due to

geography. geography. -British suffered over 800 casualties and 226 deaths. -British suffered over 800 casualties and 226 deaths.

-American militias only had 300 casualties and 115 -American militias only had 300 casualties and 115 deaths.deaths.

• Who do you think won the battle?Who do you think won the battle?• However, it showed that the However, it showed that the

American soldiers could fight in a American soldiers could fight in a “pitched” battle against British “pitched” battle against British Regulars. Regulars.

Page 4: War Breaks Out

The Life of a Common SoldierThe Life of a Common Soldier

Life was hard for the common Life was hard for the common soldier.soldier.– Enlistments lasted from 1 to 3 years, Enlistments lasted from 1 to 3 years,

and different states differed in how well and different states differed in how well and how often they paid their soldiers.and how often they paid their soldiers.

– Morale was low for the soldiers because Morale was low for the soldiers because they had few supplies and marched they had few supplies and marched often.often.

– Leaders used harsh discipline on the Leaders used harsh discipline on the soldiers.soldiers.

Page 5: War Breaks Out

The FightingThe Fighting

Americans struggled at first.Americans struggled at first.– Trenton – Washington helps preserve the Trenton – Washington helps preserve the

American causeAmerican cause A surprise attack on Christmas of 1775A surprise attack on Christmas of 1775

On Christmas night of 1776, On Christmas night of 1776, Washington led his troops to a victory Washington led his troops to a victory that was a turning point in the war.that was a turning point in the war.– As a snowstorm raged, Washington and As a snowstorm raged, Washington and

his troops his troops crossed the Delaware River crossed the Delaware River to to attack a fort held by Hessian attack a fort held by Hessian mercenaries.mercenaries.

This victory proved that the American soldiers This victory proved that the American soldiers could fight as well as experienced European could fight as well as experienced European armies. armies.

Page 6: War Breaks Out
Page 7: War Breaks Out
Page 8: War Breaks Out
Page 9: War Breaks Out

Valley ForgeValley Forge Washington and his troops spent the winter Washington and his troops spent the winter

of 1777-1778 in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.of 1777-1778 in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.– The soldiers struggled during this time as The soldiers struggled during this time as

problems with food, wages, supplies, and problems with food, wages, supplies, and clothing were at their worst.clothing were at their worst.

– 12,000 men were infected with disease, leaving 12,000 men were infected with disease, leaving 4,000 men too ill to fight.4,000 men too ill to fight.

– However, Washington implemented a harsh However, Washington implemented a harsh training program to turn the men into self-training program to turn the men into self-assured infantry.assured infantry.

– Frederich Von-Steuben also played a large role in Frederich Von-Steuben also played a large role in training the inexperienced soldiers.training the inexperienced soldiers.

Page 10: War Breaks Out
Page 11: War Breaks Out

French AllianceFrench AllianceThe Turning Point of the American The Turning Point of the American RevolutionRevolution– Benjamin Franklin, working as the American Benjamin Franklin, working as the American

ambassador to France, convinced the French to ambassador to France, convinced the French to form a military alliance with the Americans.form a military alliance with the Americans.

France agreed to fight until America gained France agreed to fight until America gained independenceindependence

– Also, the Battle of Saratoga convinced the Also, the Battle of Saratoga convinced the French to help America.French to help America.

American victory at this battle proved to the French American victory at this battle proved to the French that the Colonial Army could win the war.that the Colonial Army could win the war.As a result, Britain had to pull troops out of the As a result, Britain had to pull troops out of the colonies to fight France in Europe.colonies to fight France in Europe.

Page 12: War Breaks Out

Battle of SaratogaBattle of Saratoga

British General John Burgoyne was trying to British General John Burgoyne was trying to divide the New England colonies from the divide the New England colonies from the southern coloniessouthern coloniesHe was pressing towards Saratoga, NY, and He was pressing towards Saratoga, NY, and American General Horatio Gates was able to American General Horatio Gates was able to hold his army and force a retreathold his army and force a retreatHis army surrounded, Burgoyne was forced His army surrounded, Burgoyne was forced to surrender to the Americansto surrender to the Americans– French saw the Americans could win, began French saw the Americans could win, began

fighting the British in Europefighting the British in Europe

Page 13: War Breaks Out

Foreign AssistanceForeign Assistance

– Marquis de LafayetteMarquis de Lafayette

He commanded He commanded American troops and American troops and fought battles in many fought battles in many states.states.

He returned to France for He returned to France for a time to work with a time to work with Benjamin Franklin and Benjamin Franklin and the French king to the French king to strategize the best way strategize the best way to win the war.to win the war.

Page 14: War Breaks Out

American VictoryAmerican Victory

The British plan to counter the French-The British plan to counter the French-American alliance was for General Charles American alliance was for General Charles Cornwallis to cut off the Northern colonies Cornwallis to cut off the Northern colonies from the South.from the South.– Cornwallis brought the war to the southern Cornwallis brought the war to the southern

colonies and had some initial success. colonies and had some initial success. – Took Savannah easily early in the warTook Savannah easily early in the war– Biggest victory for Cornwallis came at Biggest victory for Cornwallis came at

Charleston shortly after SavannahCharleston shortly after Savannah

Page 15: War Breaks Out
Page 16: War Breaks Out

American VictoryAmerican Victory

Yorktown, VirginiaYorktown, Virginia– Cornwallis pursued southern forces onto the Cornwallis pursued southern forces onto the

Yorktown peninsula in Virginia.Yorktown peninsula in Virginia.– At Yorktown, British troops were attacked by At Yorktown, British troops were attacked by

Lafayette, the combined French and American Lafayette, the combined French and American armies, and a French fleet.armies, and a French fleet.

– When Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown, When Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown, the American Revolution came to an end in the American Revolution came to an end in North America.North America.

Page 17: War Breaks Out
Page 18: War Breaks Out

1783 Treaty of Paris1783 Treaty of ParisThis treaty ended the American This treaty ended the American Revolutionary War.Revolutionary War.

- American diplomats sent to Paris were John American diplomats sent to Paris were John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and John JayAdams, Benjamin Franklin, and John Jay– The United States gained independence from Britain and The United States gained independence from Britain and

gained control of land stretching to the Mississippi River.gained control of land stretching to the Mississippi River.

– Britain also ceded Florida to Spain and certain African Britain also ceded Florida to Spain and certain African and Caribbean colonies to France.and Caribbean colonies to France.

– Negatives: Treaty had no mention of British leaving their Negatives: Treaty had no mention of British leaving their forts in America, British did not try to protect the land of forts in America, British did not try to protect the land of their Native American Alliestheir Native American Allies

Page 19: War Breaks Out

American IndependenceAmerican Independence

After the war ended, the Americans had After the war ended, the Americans had independence in the colonies.independence in the colonies.– What are some problems that the American What are some problems that the American

leaders had to face immediately after they leaders had to face immediately after they won independence?won independence?

– What kind of relationship do you think the What kind of relationship do you think the Americans wanted to have with Great Britain Americans wanted to have with Great Britain after the war?after the war?

– How do you think Native Americans felt about How do you think Native Americans felt about the Americans winning their independence?the Americans winning their independence?