wwi – ambient networks ambient networks: mobile communication beyond 3g anders gunnar swedish...
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WWI – Ambient Networks
Ambient Networks: Mobile Communication Beyond 3G
Anders GunnarSwedish Institute of Computer Science
Guest lecture in the course Distributed Systems Uppsala University
2006-12-05
2WWI – Ambient Networks
IP based core networkNetworked services
IMT-2000UMTS
WLANcellular
GSM
Edge networks
WirelinexDSL
DABDVB
Return channel :
Download channel
Services and Applications
New air interface
Bluetooth, IR, UWB, Mesh
Sensor, M2M, Dust
The Network Vision
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Ambient Networks Strategic Objectives
Scalable & Affordable networking supporting the dynamics of wireless access
Provide rich & easy to use communication services for all in a cost effective manner
Increase competition and dynamic cooperation of various players
Allow incremental market introduction of new technologies
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Network Challenges in the Wireless World
Heterogeneity
Terminal =========== PANs
Vertical =========== Horizontal layering
Network intelligence ==Edge
Cellular vs. IP
Multi-service, - operator, - access
Affordability
User in the centre
Trust Model Always connected
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Outline
The Ambient Networks ConceptComponents of the ArchitectureTechnical Solutions
• Node ID Architecture
Project organisation• Project Partners• Timeline• Organisation
Summary
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The Ambient Networks Concept
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Requirements posed on theAN Architecture
1. Heterogeneous Networks
2. Mobility
3. Composition
4. Security and Privacy
5. Backward Compatibility and Migration
6. Network Robustness and Fault Tolerance
7. Quality of Service
8. Multi-Domain Support
9. Accountability
10. Context Communications
11. Extensibility of the Network Services Provided
12. Application Innovation and Usability
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Ambient Control Space
3G3G
FixedFixedLTELTE
WLANWLAN4G4GCorporateCorporate
The Ambient Networks Idea
Ambient Networks:- Common Control Services- Networks at the edge - Auto-configuration- Scalability
ServicesServicesServicesServicesServicesServices
PAN
Personal
VAN
Vehicular
Home
Community
Ambient Connectivity
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The Ambient Control Space
AmbientConnectivity
SecurityP2P
Management
Multi-RadioResource
Management
AgreementEstablishment
ContextInformation
OverlaySupport
Layer
AdvancedMobility
Management
AmbientAmbientNetworkNetworkInterfaceInterface
AmbientAmbientNetworkNetworkInterfaceInterface
AmbientAmbientServiceServiceInterfaceInterface
AmbientAmbientResourceResourceInterfaceInterface
Ambient Control SpaceAmbient Control Space
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AmbientConnectivity
NamingTraffic
Engineering
Multi-RadioResource
Management
AgreementEstablishment
ContextInformation
OverlaySupport
Layer
RoutingGroup
InformationAmbientAmbientNetworkNetworkInterfaceInterface
AmbientAmbientServiceServiceInterfaceInterface
AmbientAmbientResourceResourceInterfaceInterface
Framework Functions
Concurrently operating functions communicate through messages
Logically centralized registryfor information aggregationand dissemination
Conflictresolutionand consistencymaintenance
MessagePassing
ResourceRegistry Conflict
Resolution
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ARIAmbient Connectivity
ASI
Ambient Applications
AN
I
To
othe
r AN
s
CIB------------ResourceRegistry
Comp.Agreem.---------Policy& AAA
Trigger & Context Management
Connectivity MgmtGeneric Link Layer
NetworkManagement
Security domainManagement
INQA & SLAManagement
Bearer & Overlay Management
Mobility Management
Flow Management& MRRM
Triggers /
Advertisem
ents
Composition Coordination
Composition Agreement NegotiationComposition Management
Active Setsconfigure O
node
Realisation Architecture of the Ambient Control Space
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CompositionConcepts
A network composition is the negotiation and the realization of a cooperation agreement among diverse Ambient Networks.
Composed Ambient Networks cooperate, and appear as a single Ambient Network to the outside.
The composition procedure is typically plug&play.
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Composition NetworkingExample 1
PAN
PAN PAN
Ambient Networks composing to form an ad-hoc AN scenario, flat
composition
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Composition NetworkingExample 2
PANs compose with a moving network which provides connectivity to a cellular
network
PAN PAN
Cell.Train
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Composition NetworkingExample 3
Customers can roam into networks where operators have
made no agreements before
PAN PAN
Op 1 Op 2
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AN bootstrapping
Ambient Network Node (ANN)• Embodies one or more Functional Entities of the ACS• It is required to implement a basic ACS, which encompasses a basic set of Functional Entities including plug&play management, basic security (incl. ID management), and continuous connectivity• Exposes a basic ANI to allow communication inside the cluster of ANNs
Bootstrapping
Ambient Network (AN)• Embodies all mandatory Functional Entities of the ACS (a minimum ACS)• “Composition” is a mandatory Functional Entity, which also contains the necessary AN-ID used to identify the legal entities in a Composition Agreement• Exposes a minimum ANI• An AN is required to implement a minimum ACS and a minimum ANI, but not limited to it
Composition
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Composed ANID
ANN
Basic ANI
ANN
ANN
ANN
ID
ANAN
ANI
Bootstrapping/Composition
ANN
ANN
ANN
ID
ANN
ID
Basic ANI
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CompositionProcesses and Procedures
The process of Ambient Network Composition can be applied recursively. Composed network may compose again. An Ambient Networks may take part multiple different composed
networks concurrently.
Three basic phases Attachment Agreement negotiation Agreement implementation and maintenance
Procedures of composition identified so far: Composition creation/ extension Composition Agreement modification Decomposition
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The Node ID Architecture
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Goals for theNode ID Architecture
Working across heterogeneous domains Treat dynamic changes in a scalable manner A consistent architecture Make technologies, address domains and
middleboxes first-order components of the architecture Support privacy, denial-of-service protection, and an
always-on security model Strong incentives for migration and deployment Significant benefits for adopters even during partial
deployment
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Node ID Architecture Overview
IP
TransportApplications
L2L1
OLDOld assumptions:•Point-point connectivity•Trusted environment•No mobility•No multi-homing•Best effort
NEW New assumptions:•Multi-point connectivity•Untrusted environment•Mobility•Multi-homing•QoS
Node ID
Transport
Applications
L2L1
IPvX/L3
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Node ID Arcitecture Details
The key design elements of the node ID architecture are Independent LDsReliance on self-managed, cryptographic NIDsHybrid routing (locator+NID)Router referrals to avoid a single administrationNID-based e2e security, privacy, and DoS-
protection Integrated local, e2e and network mobility
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Security
Initial handshake (~ HIP) provides an always-on security model; subsequent packets are protected
The handshake also has basic DoS protection Additionally, nodes can manage their NIDs and NID
routers in a Hi3-like manner to provide network-based DoS protection
NIDs can be changed on the fly for privacy reasons, and NID routers provide location privacy
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Assumption 1
The network consists of individual Locator Domains (LDs)LD is one routing domain using (a) the same
locator namespace and (b) consistent routing system
Within an LD nodes can freely communicate, without relying on external mechanisms
For simplicity think of AN=LD
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Assumption 2
Connectivity between LDs is dynamicRouting changes, multi-homing or mobility events
of nodes or networks
We assume that there exists a stable core and
mobility occurs at the edge
Core networkCore network
LD1LD2 LD3 LD4
LD6LD7 LD9
LD10LD5
LD8 LD12
LD13LD11
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Assumption 3
No distinction between hosts and routersTraditional hosts can become routers, such as
when a phone becomes the router for a PAN attached to the phone
Servers that act as forwarding agents for mobility purposes
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Hybrid Routing
We have routing on the LD internally (e.g. OSPF) as well as routing on NIDs by the NID routers
This allows us to benefit from internal routing and scales better Still, handling NID routing in a completely free form topology
would be challenging As a result, we assume a core and default routes up; a tree-
like structure emerges Different routing problems in (a) edge trees (b) core Use a routing hint to reduce routing state: A hint to somewhere where the location of a Node ID is
known!?
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The Routing Hint
A hint to somewhere where the location of a Node ID is known!?
Destination = NR3
IPv4 Header Node ID Header ESP Payload
Destination NID = ADestination NR = NR4
... ...
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Establishing connectivity
LD 3 LD 4
LD 2
LD 1
LD 5
LD 6
CN
A
B
NR 1
Registratio
n
NR 2
NR 3 NR 4
NR 5
NR 6
DNS/Naming Resolution X•A.LD1.com•NID_A•NID_NR3
Lookup (default path)
Well known default path
Core NID router lookup service (DHT, table…)
Known through re
gistratio
n
The Node ID architecture so far
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Mobility andMulti-homing
Integrates local mobility, end-to-end mobility, and network mobility
Even makes network-based multi-homing possible
A
A
B
(a)
A
A
B
(b) (c)
A
BA
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Routing Enhancements
Route on LD_ID’s instead of NID’sEnable use of multiple paths to core
Capability aware routingRegistration vs new routing protocol
Disconnected operation
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Project Organisation
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Project Partners
EricssonKTHSICSTeliaSonera
NICTAUniv.of South Wales
ElisaEricssonNokiaVTT
Telenor
TNO
Budapest UniversityEricsson
France TelecomNortel
AlcatelDaimlerChryslerDoCoMo EurolabEricsson Fraunhofer FOKUSLucentRWTH Aachen UniversitySiemensTU Berlin
Siemens AustriaCritical SoftwareINESC Porto
BTLucentNECRoke Manor ResearchUCLUniv. of SurreyVodafone
TelefonicaUniv. of Cantabria
CFRSiemens Mobile
Univ.of OttawaConcordia Univ.
Vodafone Greece
Siemens ANF Data
AGH University
EricssonKTHSICSTeliaSonera
NICTAUniv.of South Wales
ElisaEricssonNokiaVTT
Telenor
TNO
Budapest UniversityEricsson
France TelecomNortel
AlcatelDaimlerChryslerDoCoMo EurolabEricsson Fraunhofer FOKUSLucentRWTH Aachen UniversitySiemensTU Berlin
Siemens AustriaCritical SoftwareINESC Porto
BTLucentNECRoke Manor ResearchUCLUniv. of SurreyVodafone
TelefonicaUniv. of Cantabria
CFRSiemens Mobile
Univ.of OttawaConcordia Univ.
Vodafone Greece
Siemens ANF Data
AGH University
Financed by the European Commission (50%) Budget: 20 000 000 EURO
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Timeline of the Project
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3Establishing the
Ambient Networks Concept and its
Feasibility
Technology Development
System SynthesisWork-Areas
IV: Prototyping
and Validation
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
I: Concepts and
Architecture
I: Concepts and
Architecture
II: Key II: Key Technical ProblemsProblems
III: Business Interfaces and
Commercial Viability
III: Business Interfaces and
Commercial Viability
Establishing the Ambient Networks Concept and its
Feasibility
Technology Development
System SynthesisWork-Areas
IV: Prototyping
and Validation
Concepts &Architecture Design
Concepts &Architecture Design
Architecture:Scalability, Evolvability
Architecture,StandardsArchitecture:
Architecture,Standards
Usability/NetworksTest Cases
Usability/NetworksPrototypes
Business Feasibility Business Interfaces Market Dissemination
Optimisation forPerformance
and Deployment
Detailed Specification,Technical Development,
Performance
Feasibility,Functions of ANControl Space
Integration across WWI,
Validation,Market
Dissemination
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Structure of Work in Phase 2
Technical Coordination and Business Models
Mobility Management
Context, Policy and Network Management
Connectivity and Dynamic Internetworking
Service-aware AdaptiveTransport Overlays
Composition and CompensationANI
Mig
ration
& S
tand
ardisatio
n R
oad
map
Secu
rity
WP-H
WP-A
WP-B
WP-D
WP-E
WP-F
WP-G
WP-C
ASI
Multi-AccessARI Nam
ing
Arch
itecture
Integration&
Verification
Technical Coordination and Business Models
Mobility Management
Context, Policy and Network Management
Connectivity and Dynamic Internetworking
Service-aware AdaptiveTransport Overlays
Composition and CompensationANIANI
Mig
ration
& S
tand
ardisatio
n R
oad
map
Secu
rity
WP-H
WP-A
WP-B
WP-D
WP-E
WP-F
WP-G
WP-C
ASIASI
Multi-AccessARIARI Nam
ing
Arch
itecture
Integration&
Verification
36WWI – Ambient Networks
Summary
AN project provides a new networking concept AN Highlights
CompositionModular ACSASI, ANI, ARI
Phase 2 will provide a comprehensive A N prototype
This talk is available at :
http://www.sics.se/~aeg/talks/uppsala061205.ppt
37WWI – Ambient Networks
Further Reading
Project web page:
http://www.ambient-networks.org
Deliverable:
D 1.5 AN Framework Architecture
Paper:
"A Node Identity Internetworking Architecture", Bengt Ahlgren, Jari Arkko, Lars Eggert and Jarno Rajahalme. 9th IEEE Global Internet Symposium , Barcelona, Spain, April 28-29, 2006.
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Master thesis project
www.sics.se/cna/exjobb.html
39WWI – Ambient Networks
Thank you for your attention!!!