ubiquitous sensor networks and ambient intelligence...

Ubiquitous Sensor Networks and Ambient Intelligence —

Technology Focusing on Society’s Woes

Emeritaatsviering Prof. H. De ManSeptember 19, 2005EmeritaatsvieringEmeritaatsviering Prof. H. De ManProf. H. De ManSeptember 19, 2005September 19, 2005

Jan M. RabaeyJan M. RabaeyBerkeley Wireless Research Center

Department of EECS, University of California, Berkeley

http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu

A New Age for MicroA New Age for Micro--Electronics SystemsElectronics Systems

• The Waning Days of the Moore’s Law of Old– A Time of Technology Convergence– A Time of Extreme Miniaturization– A Time of Ubiquity

• A Time for New Computational Paradigms– Making Technology Tackle New Problems– Making Technology Work Towards Improving our

Daily Lives

Electronics Becoming Smaller and Cheaper Electronics Becoming Smaller and Cheaper

Moore’s law and cost

Moore’s law and size

Leading to System MiniaturizationLeading to System Miniaturization

System-on-a-Chip/in-a-Package enabling True System Integration

“smart dust”

Add Ubiquitous Connectivity Add Ubiquitous Connectivity ……

Wireless galore

Year

log

(p

eop

le p

er c

om

pu

ter)

Meaning in the Device

Meaning in the Connection

Meaning in the Collection

And a New Paradigm EmergesAnd a New Paradigm Emerges

Source: R. Newton

1940’s 2000’s

BellBell’’s Law: A New Computer Class Every 10 Yearss Law: A New Computer Class Every 10 Years

A Short IntermezzoA Short Intermezzo

Hugo’s Illustrious Career Has Impacted Virtually Every Stage of This Roadmap

The 1970s

The Early Days of Integrated Components

Integrated Signal Processing Becoming Reality

The 1980s

The Late 20th Century

Mastering Complexity and Productivity

ISSCC1.2 1

Ambient Intelligence:Giga-Scale Dreams and Nano-Scale Realities

Hugo De ManProf. K.U.Leuven

Senior Research Fellow [email protected]

© imec 2002ISSCC1.2 1

Ambient Intelligence:Giga-Scale Dreams and Nano-Scale Realities

Hugo De ManProf. K.U.Leuven

Senior Research Fellow [email protected]

© imec 2002

UltraUltra--low Power low Power Computation and Communication Computation and Communication

enables Ambient Intelligenceenables Ambient Intelligence

Jan M. RabaeyJan M. Rabaeyand the PicoRadio Groupand the PicoRadio GroupBerkeley Wireless Research Center



SOC SOC ’’03 03 -- GrenobleGrenoble

UltraUltra--low Power low Power Computation and Communication Computation and Communication

enables Ambient Intelligenceenables Ambient Intelligence

Jan M. RabaeyJan M. Rabaeyand the PicoRadio Groupand the PicoRadio GroupBerkeley Wireless Research Center



SOC SOC ’’03 03 -- GrenobleGrenoble

From Computation to Ambient Intelligence

The 2000s

Moving to New Computational Paradigms

Disappearing Electronics and the Disappearing Electronics and the ““Ambient IntelligenceAmbient Intelligence”” ConceptConcept

• An environment where technology is embedded, hidden in the background

• An environment that is sensitive, adaptive, and responsive to the presence of people and objects

• An environment that augments activities through smart non-explicit assistance

• An environment that preserves security, privacy and trustworthiness while utilizing information when needed and appropriate

Fred Boekhorst, Philips, ISSCC02

Sensing The Ambient: Wireless Sensor NetworksSensing The Ambient: Wireless Sensor Networks

$150 millions sales in 2003

$7 billion in sales in 2010 On World Emerging Wireless Research, Feb 2004

A collection of cooperating algorithms (controllers) designed to achieve a set of common goals, aided by interactions with the environment through distributed measurements (sensors) and actions (actuators).

Controllers (Monitors, Compute Nodes)

SensorsActuators

The CITRIS ProgramThe CITRIS Program

• Approximately 1000 researchers, including over 200 faculty from over 50 academic departments

• Many industrial partners• Significant State, federal, and private support

($300 million over 4 years)• CITRIS focuses on IT solutions to tough, Quality-of-life

problems

UC BerkeleyUC Berkeley

UC MercedUC Merced

UC DavisUC Davis

UC Santa CruzUC Santa CruzThe purpose is inter-disciplinary, collaborative research on IT solutions to grand-challenge social and commercial problems affecting the quality of life of all citizens.

• Major new initiative started in 2001 jointly with UC Berkeley, UC Davis, UC Merced, and UC Santa Cruz

CITRISCITRISUniversity of CaliforniaUniversity of California

CITRIS GRAND CHALLENGESCITRIS GRAND CHALLENGES CITRISCITRISUniversity of CaliforniaUniversity of California

EducationEducation

Emergency Preparedness Emergency Preparedness & Home Defense& Home Defense

Energy EfficiencyEnergy Efficiency

Environmental MonitoringEnvironmental Monitoring

Health CareHealth Care

Service to the Third World Service to the Third World Using ITUsing IT

TransportationTransportation

Tes

t B

eds

Tes

t B

eds

Enabling Large TestbedsEnabling Large Testbeds

Golden Gate Bridge Net (Profs. Fenves, Culler)Masada (Prof. Glaser)Wild Fire Monitoring (Prof. Glaser, Sitar)Botanical Gardens (Prof. Culler)

Others:Duck Island habitat monitoring


EmergencyEmergencySocial Sciences, Social Sciences, the Humanities; the Humanities;

EnvironmentEnvironment

EmergencyEmergency

EnvironmentEnvironment

Deployment and the Scientific ProcessDeployment and the Scientific Process


Temperature vs. Time

8

13

18

23

28

33

7/7/039:40

7/7/0313:41

7/7/0317:43

7/7/0321:45

8/7/031:47

8/7/035:49

8/7/039:51

8/7/0313:53

8/7/0317:55

8/7/0321:57

9/7/031:59

9/7/036:01

9/7/0310:03

Date

Humidity vs. Time

35

45

55

65

75

85

95

Rel H

um

idit

y (

%)

101 104 109 110 111

2003, unpublished

Bottom Top

36m

34m

30m

20m

10m


The The ““SmartSmart”” Home Home —— A Prime TargetA Prime Target• Security• Environment control• Energy management• Object tracking/inventory• Advanced user interfaces• Sense of presence and space

Demand Response and Energy ManagementDemand Response and Energy Management

•

Make energy pricesdependent upon time-of-use• Advanced thermostats operate on required level of comfort, energy cost, weather forecast and distributed measurements to offload peak times• Appliances energy and cost aware

In collaboration with CEC

Cal ISO Daily Peak LoadsJanuary 1, 2000 - December 31, 2000

Jan-0

0Feb

-00

Mar

-00

Apr-00

May

-00

Jun-0

0Ju

l-00

Aug-00

Sep-0

0Oct

-00

Nov-00

Dec-0

0

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

GW

Peak Day August 16 -43.5 GW

Commercial AC

Residential AC

Utility

Pric

e

Ele

ctric

ity

used

Occupancy sensors

Power sensor

Temperature sensors

Power actuators

Price Indicator

Home Layout for HealthCare DeliveryHome Layout for HealthCare Delivery

The Implementation Challenge:The Implementation Challenge:How to Make Electronics Truly Disappear?How to Make Electronics Truly Disappear?

From 10’s of cm3 and 10’s to 100’s of mW

To 10’s of mm3 and 10’s of µW

Meso-scale low-cost wireless transceivers for ubiquitous wireless data acquisition that• are fully integrated

– Size smaller than 1 cm3

• are dirt cheap (“the Dutch treat”) – At or below 1$

• minimize power/energy dissipation– Limiting power dissipation to 100 µW

enables energy scavenging

• and form self-configuring, robust, ad-hoc networks containing 100’s to 1000’s of nodes

Meso-scale low-cost wireless transceivers for ubiquitous wireless data acquisition that• are fully integrated

– Size smaller than 1 cm3

• are dirt cheap (“the Dutch treat”) – At or below 1$

• minimize power/energy dissipation– Limiting power dissipation to 100 µW

enables energy scavenging

• and form self-configuring, robust, ad-hoc networks containing 100’s to 1000’s of nodes

The PicoRadio ProjectThe PicoRadio Project

What can one do with 1 cmWhat can one do with 1 cm33??Energy StorageEnergy Storage

3.2100Ultra-capacitor

341080Secondary battery

902880Primary battery

1103500Micro Fuel cell

µW/cm3/yearJ/cm3

What can one do with 1 cmWhat can one do with 1 cm33??Energy GenerationEnergy Generation

40Temperature

17Pressure Var.

10Solar (inside)

200Vibration

330Human power

380Air flow

15,000Solar (outside)

µW/cm3

Towards a subTowards a sub--100 100 µµW NodeW Node“The Art of Creativity”

Novel miniature wireless transceivers

Ultra Low Power Compute Nodes

64Kmemory DW8051

µc

BaseBand

SerialInterface

GPIOInterface

LocationingEngine

Neighbor List

SystemSupervisor

DLL

NetworkQueues

VoltageConv

64Kmemory DW8051

µc

BaseBand

SerialInterface

GPIOInterface

LocationingEngine

Neighbor List

SystemSupervisor

DLL

NetworkQueues

VoltageConv

Anchor Spring flexure Comb fingers

Integrated Sensors

Innovative energy sources

Towards a subTowards a sub--100 100 µµW NodeW Node“Innovative Packaging”

Picotubes (Philips “sand” modules)

“Wireless Attanets”Self-assembly

“2.5/3D Integration”

Sensor Nets: Challenges to be AddressedSensor Nets: Challenges to be Addressed

• Complex distributed system behavior• System development, deployment,

configuration and management– Ease of use (see Theo Claasen presentation)

• Reliability– Power in the numbers

• Privacy/security/legality

• Complex distributed system behavior• System development, deployment,

configuration and management– Ease of use (see Theo Claasen presentation)

• Reliability– Power in the numbers

• Privacy/security/legality

Extrapolating into the FutureExtrapolating into the Future

• communication radius < 2 cm• node size < 2 mm2

• node clocked different clock rates (no inter-node synchrony)

Each node fitted with a wireless comm system which supportsnetwork connectivity to spatially proximal nodes.

Paintable Computing

Ultra-dense networks of unreliable components providing very reliable computation and communicationProviding innovative human ― environment – computer interfaces

Summary and PerspectivesSummary and Perspectives• Sensor and actuator networks offer

great potential to tackle some of society’s woes– Numerous experimental deployments

all over the world

• Require truly interdisciplinary researcheffort covering all corners of the academic spectrum (engineering, humanities, life sciences)• Present a first glimpse on truly distributed computing and emerging computational paradigms for the post-silicon age.

Hugo, Hugo, Congratulations and ThanksCongratulations and Thanksfor an Amazing Lifetime of for an Amazing Lifetime of

Innovation, Education and Inspiration!Innovation, Education and Inspiration!

ubiquitous sensor networks and ambient intelligence...

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