Writing Student-Centered

Learning Objectives

Please see Reference Document for

references used in this presentation

What is a learning objective?

• Describes what the student will be able to do after the instruction is completed

• The condition under which the student will be able to do it

• The criteria for evaluating the student performance ?

Why are they important?

• Learning objectives help the instructor

Select the content of instruction

Develop an instructional strategy

Select and develop instructional materials

Assess and evaluate student learning

How do you write a LO?

• Focus on student performance (not teacher performance)

• Focus on product (not process)

• Focus on behavior after the instruction (not subject matter)

• Include only one general learning outcome in each objective

Aligned course

Aligned Course

Assessment

Learning Objectives

Learning Activities

Bloom’s taxonomy

Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives

• Three major categories of performance objectives

Cognitive domain

Psychomotor domain

Affective domain

Cognitive domain

• Learning of information and the processes

of dealing with that information. Mental

“skills,” knowledge. Knowing

Psychomotor domain

• Learning of physical movements such as

ballet steps, how to weld, how to drill out a

cavity in a molar. Manual or physical skills –

skills. Doing

Affective domain

• Learning of beliefs, attitudes, and values,

growth in feelings or emotional areas.

Feeling

Bloom’s Taxonomy

Bloom’s Taxonomy

Cognitive domain

• Knowledge

• Comprehension

• Application

• Analysis

• Synthesis

• Evaluation

Cognitive Domain

Evaluation

Synthesis (creation)

Analysis

Application

Comprehension

Knowledge

Knowledge

• To recall and memorize

• Assess by direct questions

• The object is to test the student’s ability to

recall facts, to identify and repeat

information provided

Basic Knowledge

• Recall

• Identify

• Recognize

• Acquire

• Distinguish

• Define

• Describe

• Label

• List

• Match

• Name

• Recall

Comprehension

• To change from one form to another

• Assess by having students Restate material in their own words

Reorder or extrapolate ideas, predict, or estimate

• Assessments must provide evidence that the students have some understanding or comprehension of what they are saying

Comprehension

• Translate

• Extrapolate

• Convert

• Interpret

• Abstract

• Transform

• Rewrite

• Convert

• Defend

• Distinguish

• Explain

• Give examples

• Paraphrase

• Summarize

Application

• To apply or use information in a new situation

• Assess by presenting students with a unique situation (i.e., one not identical to that used during instruction) and have them apply their knowledge to solve the problem or execute the proper procedure

Application

• Apply

• Sequence

• Carry out

• Solve

• Prepare

• Change

• Construct

• Operate

• Generalize

• Plan

• Repair

• Explain

• Demonstrate

• Use

Analysis

• To examine a concept and break it down into its parts

• Assess by presenting students with a unique situation (of the same type but not identical to that used during instruction), and have them analyze the situation and describe the appropriate procedure or solution to the problem

Analysis• Analyze

• Estimate

• Compare

• Observe

• Detect

• Classify

• Discover

• Discriminate

• Identify

• Explore

• Distinguish

• Catalog

• Investigate

• Breakdown

• Order

• Recognize

• Determine

• Illustrate

Synthesis

• To put information together in a unique or novel way to solve a problem

• Assess by presenting students with a unique situation (NOT of the same type used during instruction), and have them solve a problem by selecting and using appropriate information

Synthesis

• Write

• Plan

• Integrate

• Synthesize

• Formulate

• Propose

• Specify

• Generate

• Produce

• Organize

• Theorize

• Design

• Build

• Systematize

• Create

• Compose

Evaluation

• To make quantitative or qualitative judgments using standards of appraisal

• Assess by presenting the students with a situation which includes both a problem and a solution to the problem and have them justify or critique the solution

Evaluation

• Evaluate

• Verify

• Assess

• Test

• Judge

• Critique

• Compare

• Rank

• Measure

• Appraise

• Select

• Check

• Defend

• Justify

Psychomotor Domain

• Imitation

• Manipulation

• Precision

• Articulation

• Naturalization

Psychomotor Domain

Naturalization

Articulation

Precision

Manipulation

Imitation

Affective Domain

• Receiving

• Responding

• Valuing

• Organizing and conceptualizing

• Internalizing values (characterizing)

Psychomotor Domain

Internalizing

Organizing

Valuing

Responding

Receiving