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WRITING FOR

DIFFERENT TEXT TYPESGroup Members:

DW

JS

MN

MFA

PISMP PEMULIHAN YEAR 1 SEM 1 2010

ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY (WAJ 3102)

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Text

Type

Examples Typical Text Structure Typical Language

Characteristics

Recount account of

visit

or

historical

event

chronological

scene setting

sequence of events

closing statement

past tense

time markers When, then,

finally)

focus on individuals (Queen

Victoria, the

Prime minister)

use of action words(ordered, discovered)

Report textbook

description

s in

science or

topic

non-chronological

opening general

statement

(The solar system is

made up

of...)

technical elaboration of

category

description of category

present tense

focus on groups of things

illustrations and diagrams

sections, headings and

different print sizes

use of technical language

use of be and have verbs

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Text Type Examples Typical Text Structure Typical Language

Characteristics

Procedures instructionsto

make

something

chronologicalstatement of goal

materials /

requirements

sequence of steps

present tense orimperatives

use of time markers

(then, after)

focus on non-specific

person (you)mainly action words

diagrams and

illustrations

Explanation how things

work;

life cycles

chronological

introductory

statement

logical organised steps

(when, that, then, this)

present tense

markers of time or

cause (when, because)

use of action

vocabulary

diagrams and

illustrations

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Text Type Examples Typical Text

Structure

Typical Language

Characteristics

Narrative

(FICTION)

Example:

fairy tale,

adventure

story

chronological

opening, setting the

scene

characters, actions,

events

dilemma

resolutioncoda (eg moral

message)

past tense

dialogue

developed scene and

characters

descriptive

vocabulary

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NON-FICTION

TEXTSThe Six Text Types

Skeletons for Writing

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INTRO

Recount retelling events in time order

Who? What?

Where?When?

Introduction .

Sequential

organisation what

happened in

time order.

Closing

Statement/s

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Report Describing the way things are

Spidergram

topic in the

centre

Categories at

the ends of the

spiders leg

which coulddivide into

further legs for

more detail

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Instruction How to do something

Sequence

steps

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Explanation How or why things work of

happen

The skeleton

can be

rearranged torepresent a

cycle,

reversible

effects ormultiple

cause and

effects.

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Persuasion Why you should think this

*

*

*

Arguments given in

the form of points

with elaboration,

explanation and

evidence. First

point is the case to

be argued; the

final point is the

reiteration and

conclusion

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Discussion Reasoned argument

* *

* *

* *

Opens with clear

statement of issue:

Either argument for +

supporting evidence;

argument against +

supporting evidence;

Or argument, counter

argument one point at

a time.

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Text Type Purpose Structural Features Language Features

Narrative To entertain,

amuse or instruct

Orientation

complication series of

events

Noun groups to describe characters

and settings time words

Report To classify and/ordescribe

General statementDescription

Technical language, simple presenttense, Generalised Terms

RecountTo retell a series

of events

Orientation sequence of

events

Descriptive language, past tense,

Time words to connect events,

Procedure To instructsomeone how to

do something

Goal material orequipment steps

Verbs usually at the beginning ofeach instruction Words or groups of

words which tell us how, when,

where, with whom

Explanation To explain how or

why something

occurs

Phenomenon

identification

Explanation sequence

Technical language Use of words

such as because, as a result, to

establish cause and effectsequences

Exposition To persuade by

arguing one side

of an issue

Thesis Arguments

Reinforcement of thesis

Words that qualify, eg usually,

probably Words that link arguments

eg firstly, on the other hand

Response to respond to anartistic work Context of artisticwork Words which expressjudgements .Descriptive language

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